The Brothers Karamazov

1016:. The plan is never fully described, but it seems to involve Ivan and Katerina bribing some guards. Alyosha cautiously approves, because he feels that Dmitri is not emotionally ready to submit to such a harsh sentence, that he is innocent, and that no guards or officers would suffer for aiding the escape. Dmitri and Grushenka plan to escape to America and work the land there for several years, and then return to Russia under assumed American names, because they cannot imagine living without Russia. Dmitri begs for Katerina to visit him in the hospital, where he is recovering from an illness, before he is due to be taken away. When she does, Dmitri apologizes for having hurt her; she in turn apologizes for bringing up the implicating letter during the trial. They agree to love each other for that one moment, and say they will love each other forever, even though both now love other people. The novel concludes at Ilyusha's funeral, where Ilyusha's schoolboy friends listen to Alyosha's "Speech by the Stone". Alyosha promises to remember Kolya, Ilyusha, and all the boys and keep them close in his heart, even though he will have to leave them and may not see them again until many years have passed. He implores them to love each other and to always remember Ilyusha, and to keep his memory alive in their hearts, and to remember this moment at the stone when they were all together and they all loved each other. Alyosha then recounts the Christian promise that they will all be united one day after the Resurrection. In tears, the twelve boys promise Alyosha that they will keep each other in their memories forever. They join hands, and return to the Snegiryov household for the funeral dinner, chanting "Hurrah for Karamazov!" 925:. Thus, the expectation concerning the Elder Zosima is that his deceased body will not decompose. It therefore comes as a great shock that Zosima's body not only decays, but begins the process almost immediately following his death. Within the first day, the smell is already unbearable. For many this calls into question their previous respect and admiration for Zosima. Alyosha is particularly devastated by the sullying of Zosima's name due to nothing more than the corruption of his dead body. One of Alyosha's companions in the monastery—Rakitin—uses Alyosha's vulnerability to set up a meeting between him and Grushenka. However, instead of Alyosha becoming corrupted, he acquires new faith and hope from Grushenka, while Grushenka's troubled mind begins the path of spiritual redemption through his influence: they become close friends. The book ends with the spiritual regeneration of Alyosha as he embraces and kisses the earth outside the monastery (echoing, perhaps, Zosima's last earthly act before his death) and cries convulsively. Renewed, he goes back out into the world, as his Elder instructed. 992:

In the final meeting Smerdyakov confesses that he had faked the fit, murdered Fyodor Pavlovich, and stolen the money, which he presents to Ivan. Smerdyakov expresses disbelief at Ivan's professed ignorance and surprise. Smerdyakov claims that Ivan was complicit in the murder by telling Smerdyakov when he would be leaving Fyodor Pavlovich's house, and more importantly by instilling in Smerdyakov the belief that, in a world without God, "everything is permitted." The book ends with Ivan having a hallucination in which he is visited by the devil, in the form of an idle and parasitic former gentleman, who torments him by personifying and caricaturing his thoughts and ideas. The nightmare is interrupted by a knocking at the window: it is Alyosha, who has come to inform him that Smerdyakov has hanged himself. Although the devil disappears, Ivan remains in a delirium and converses irrationally. Alyosha is shocked at his brother's condition and tries to pacify him, but Ivan's ravings become increasingly incoherent. Eventually he falls into a deep sleep.

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Grushenka. Dmitri approaches Grushenka's benefactor, Samsonov, who sends him to a neighboring town on a fabricated promise of a business deal. All the while Dmitri is petrified that Grushenka may go to his father and marry him because of his wealth and lavish promises. When Dmitri returns from his failed dealing in the neighboring town, he escorts Grushenka to her benefactor's home, but later discovers that she has deceived him and left early. Furious, he runs to his father's home with a brass pestle in his hand, and spies on him from the window. He takes the pestle from his pocket. There is a discontinuity in the action, and Dmitri is suddenly running from his father's property. The servant Gregory tries to stop him, yelling "Parricide!", but Dmitri hits him in the head with the pestle. Dmitri, afraid that the blow might have killed Grigori, tries to attend to the wound with his handkerchief, but gives up and runs away.

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rubles shortly after his father's murder. Meanwhile, the three thousand rubles that Fyodor Pavlovich had set aside for Grushenka have disappeared. Dmitri explains that the money he spent that evening came from three thousand rubles that Katerina Ivanovna gave him to send to her sister. He spent half that at his first meeting with Grushenka—another drunken orgy—and sewed up the rest in a cloth, intending to give it back to Katerina Ivanovna. The investigators are not convinced by this. All of the evidence points toward Dmitri; the only other person in the house at the time of the murder, apart from Gregory and his wife, was Smerdyakov, who was incapacitated due to an epileptic seizure he suffered the day before. As a result of the overwhelming evidence against him, Dmitri is formally charged with the murder and taken away to prison to await trial.

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himself with his despair, as it were driven to it by despair itself. Meanwhile ... you divert yourself with magazine articles, and discussions in society, though you don't believe your own arguments, and with an aching heart mock at them inwardly.... That question you have not answered, and it is your great grief, for it clamors for an answer." In his relations with Ivan, Alyosha consciously personifies the loving voice of faith that he knows lives in his brother's soul, in opposition to the mocking voice of doubt that ultimately becomes personified in the nightmare of the Devil. Alyosha says of Ivan "His mind is a prisoner of his soul. There is a great and unresolved thought in him. He is one of those who don't need millions, they just need to get a thought straight."

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renderings of his life and teachings. Zosima, though suffering and near death, unreservedly communicates his love for those around him, and recounts the stories of the crucial moments in his progress along the spiritual path. Alyosha records these accounts for posterity, as well as the Elder's teachings and discourses on various subjects, including: the significance of the Russian Monk; spiritual brotherhood between masters and servants; the impossibility of judging one's fellow creatures; Faith, Prayer, Love, and Contiguity with Other Worlds; and the spiritual meaning of 'hell' as the suffering of being unable to Love. Dostoevsky based Zosima's teachings on those of the 18th century Orthodox saint and spiritual writer

395:) is the 24-year-old middle son, and the first from Fyodor Pavlovich's second marriage. Ivan is reserved and aloof, but also intellectually brilliant. His dictum "if there is no God, everything is lawful" is a recurring motif in the novel. At first, Ivan seems not to have much time for his brother Alyosha, but later their bond and mutual affection deepens. He finds his father repulsive, and also has a strong antipathy towards Dmitri. Fyodor Pavlovich tells Alyosha that he fears Ivan more than he fears Dmitri. Ivan falls in love with Katerina Ivanovna, but their intimacy develops in the shadow of her prior connection to Dmitri, and her ambivalence is a source of torment to him. 980:

becomes something of a legend for the feat. All the other boys look up to Kolya, especially Ilyusha. Since the narrative left Ilyusha in Book Four, his illness has progressively worsened and the doctor states that he will not recover. Kolya and Ilyusha had a falling out over Ilyusha's maltreatment of a local dog: Ilyusha had fed it a piece of bread in which he had placed a pin, at the bidding of Smerdyakov. But thanks to Alyosha's intervention the other schoolboys have gradually reconciled with Ilyusha, and Kolya soon joins them at his bedside. It is here that Kolya first meets Alyosha and begins to reassess his nihilist beliefs.

363:, like his father, and regularly indulges in alcoholism and carousing. Dmitri is brought into contact with his family when he finds himself in need of his inheritance, which he believes is being withheld by his father. He was engaged to be married to Katerina Ivanovna, but breaks that off after falling in love with Grushenka. Dmitri's relationship with his father is the most volatile of the brothers, escalating to violence as he and his father begin fighting over his inheritance and Grushenka. While he maintains a relationship with Ivan, he is closest to his younger brother Alyosha, referring to him as his " 1004:

Grushenka. Ivan's madness takes its final hold over him and he is carried away from the courtroom after his attempt to give evidence about Smerdyakov descends into incomprehensible raving. The turning point in the trial is Katerina's damning testimony. Shocked by Ivan's madness, she passionately defends him and abandons her 'honourable' approach to Dmitri. She produces a letter drunkenly written by Dmitri saying that he would kill his father. The section concludes with lengthy and impassioned closing remarks from the prosecutor and the defence counsel and the verdict that Dmitri is guilty.

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independence and control of her life. Grushenka inspires complete admiration and lust in both Fyodor and Dmitri Karamazov. Their rivalry for her affection becomes the main focus of their conflict, a state of affairs that Grushenka is happy to take advantage of for her own satisfaction and amusement. Belatedly, she realizes that she truly loves Dmitri, and becomes ashamed of her cruelty. Her growing friendship with Alyosha leads her toward a path of spiritual redemption, and hidden qualities of gentleness and generosity emerge, though her fiery temper and pride remain intact.

1178:. Though privy to many of the thoughts and feelings of the protagonists, the narrator is a self-proclaimed writer; he discusses his own mannerisms and personal perceptions so often in the novel that he becomes a character. Through his descriptions, the narrator's voice merges imperceptibly into the tone of the people he is describing, often extending into the characters' most personal thoughts. There is no voice of authority in the story. In addition to the principal narrator, there are several sections narrated by other characters entirely, such as the story of 1193:(e.g. 'robbed' for 'stolen', and at one point declares possible suspects in the murder 'irresponsible' rather than innocent). Several plot digressions provide insight into other apparently minor characters. For example, the narrative in Book Six is almost entirely devoted to Zosima's biography, which contains a confession from a man whom he met many years before. Dostoevsky does not rely on a single source or a group of major characters to convey the themes of this book, but uses a variety of viewpoints, narratives and characters throughout. 821: 36: 239: 1061:

has sprung from the denial of the meaning of historical reality and ended in a program of destruction and anarchism." In the chapter "Rebellion", the rationale behind Ivan's rejection of God's world is expounded in a long dialogue with Alyosha, in which he justifies his atheism on the grounds of the very principle—universal love and compassion—that is at the heart of the Christian faith. The unmitigated evil in the world, particularly as it relates to the suffering of children, is not something that

402:" from Book V, and the three conversations with Smerdyakov and the subsequent chapter "Ivan's nightmare of the devil" in Book XI. Book V, entitled "Pro and Contra", is primarily about "the inner debate taking place in Ivan between his recognition of the moral sublimity of the Christian ideal and his outrage against a universe of pain and suffering." Ivan's rejection of God is posited in terms of the Christian value of compassion—the value that Dostoevsky himself (through the character of 844:

learned that Ilyusha's father, a former staff-captain named Snegiryov, was assaulted by Dmitri, who dragged him by the beard out of a bar. Alyosha soon learns of the further hardships present in the Snegiryov household and offers the former staff captain money as an apology for his brother and to help Snegiryov's ailing wife and children. After initially accepting the money with joy, Snegiryov throws it to the ground and stomps it into the sand, before running back into his home.

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Grushenka in the presence of her old flame, intending all the while to kill himself at dawn. The "first and rightful lover" is a boorish Pole who cheats the party at a game of cards. When his deception is revealed, he flees, and Grushenka soon reveals to Dmitri that she really is in love with him. The party rages on, and just as Dmitri and Grushenka are making plans to marry, the police enter the lodge and inform Dmitri that he is under arrest for the murder of his father.

744:) in the town monastery and Alyosha's teacher. He is something of a celebrity among the townspeople for his reputed prophetic and healing abilities. His spiritual status inspires both admiration and jealousy among his fellow monks. Zosima provides a refutation to Ivan's atheistic arguments and helps to explain Alyosha's character. Zosima's teachings shape the way Alyosha deals with the young boys he meets in the Ilyusha storyline. 3630: 1628:

the Russian colouring, explaining and normalizing in all kinds of ways...Garnett shortens some of Dostoevsky's idiosyncrasy in order to produce an acceptable English text, but her versions were in many cases pioneering versions; decorous they may be, but they allowed this strange new voice to invade English literature and thus made it possible for later translators to go further in the search for more authentic voice.

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the famous Elder. Fyodor Pavlovich's deliberately insulting and provocative behaviour destroys any chance of conciliation, and the meeting only results in intensified hatred and a scandal. This book also contains a scene in which the Elder Zosima consoles a woman mourning the death of her three-year-old son. The poor woman's grief parallels Dostoevsky's own tragedy at the loss of his young son Alyosha.

730:) is Dmitri's beautiful fiancée, despite his open forays with Grushenka. Her engagement to Dmitri is chiefly a matter of pride on both their parts, Dmitri having bailed her father out of a debt. Katerina is extremely proud and seeks to act as a noble martyr. Because of this, she cannot bring herself to act on her love for Ivan, and constantly creates moral barriers between him and herself. 1160: 1303:... made a deep impression on me ... he created some unforgettable scenes .... Madness you may call it, but therein may be the secret of his genius.... I prefer the word exaltation, exaltation which can merge into madness, perhaps. In fact all great men have had that vein in them; it was the source of their greatness; the reasonable man achieves nothing. 1030:

socialism and nihilism. Not only were these ideas and values alien to Russia's spiritual heritage, they were, in Dostoevsky's opinion, actively working to destroy it, and moreover were becoming increasingly popular and influential, especially among Russia's youth. The theme had already been vividly depicted in all the earlier major novels, particularly

1093:"Dostoevsky could hear dialogic relationships everywhere, in all manifestations of conscious and intelligent human life. Where consciousness began, there dialogue began also. Only purely mechanistic relationships are not dialogic, and Dostoevsky categorically denied their importance for understanding and interpreting life and the acts of man." 450:, Father Zosima, who is a father figure and spiritual guide to Alyosha throughout the book, sends him into the world, where he becomes involved with the extreme personalities and fraught relationships in his family and elsewhere. At all times he acts as a compassionate and insightful peace maker, and is loved by virtually everyone. 2981:, section 44, 2007: "Grace does not cancel out justice. It does not make wrong into right. It is not a sponge which wipes everything away, so that whatever someone has done on earth ends up being of equal value. Dostoevsky, for example, was right to protest against this kind of Heaven and this kind of grace in his novel 412:) called "the chief and perhaps the only law of all human existence." Thus Ivan's rejection of God is justified by the very principle at the heart of Christianity. For Ivan the absurdity of all human history is proven by the senselessness of the suffering of children: if reason or rationality is the measure, God's world 832:

house and assaults him. As he leaves, he threatens to come back and kill him. This book also introduces Smerdyakov and his origins, as well as the story of his mother, Lizaveta Smerdyashchaya. At the conclusion of this book, Alyosha is witness to Grushenka's humiliation of Dmitri's betrothed Katerina Ivanovna.

1281:, calling himself and Dostoevsky "blood relatives" and was immensely interested in the hatred the brothers demonstrated toward their father in the novel. He probably found parallels with his own strained father-son relationship and drew on this theme to some extent in his works, especially the short story " 434:) is, at age 20, the youngest of the brothers. He is the second child of Fyodor Pavlovich's second wife, Sofya Ivanovna, and is thus Ivan's full brother. The narrator identifies him as the hero of the novel in the opening chapter, as does the author in the preface. At the outset of the events, Alyosha is a 463:

Fyodor Pavlovich's trusted servant Grigory Vasilievich and his wife Marfa. Grigory tutored him and attempted to give him religious instruction, but Smerdyakov responded with ingratitude and derision. On one occasion Grigory had struck him violently across the face: a week later Smerdyakov had his first

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the odd, fussy tone of the narrator is well rendered in the preface...At times, indeed, the convoluted style might make the reader unfamiliar with Dostoevsky's Russian question the translator's command of English. More seriously, this literalism means that the dialogue is sometimes impossibly odd—and

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Book Nine introduces the details of Fyodor Pavlovich's murder and describes the interrogation of Dmitri, who vigorously maintains his innocence. The alleged motive for the crime is robbery. Dmitri was known to have been completely destitute earlier that evening, but is suddenly seen with thousands of

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The Grand Inquisitor accuses Jesus of having inflicted on humankind the "burden" of free will. At the end of the Grand Inquisitor's lengthy arguments, Jesus silently steps forward and kisses the old man on the lips. The Inquisitor, stunned and moved, tells him he must never come there again, and lets

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Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova, usually referred to as 'Grushenka', is a beautiful and fiery 22-year-old woman with an uncanny charm for men. In her youth she was jilted by a Polish officer and subsequently came under the protection of a tyrannical miser. The episode leaves Grushenka with an urge for

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seizure. The narrator notes that as a child, Smerdyakov was fond of hanging cats and giving them ritualistic burials. Grigory told him: "You're not human. You're the spawn of the mildew on the bathhouse wall, that's who you are"—a remark for which Smerdyakov never forgave him. Smerdyakov becomes part

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Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov is the son of "Reeking Lizaveta", a mute woman of the street who died alone giving birth to the child in Fyodor Pavlovich's bathhouse: the name "Smerdyakov" means "son of the reeking one". He is rumored to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Pavlovich. He was brought up by

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With Book VI, "The Russian Monk", Dostoevsky sought to provide the refutation of Ivan's negation of God, through the teachings of the dying Elder, Zosima. The dark world of the Inquisitor's reasoning is juxtaposed with the radiant, idyllically stylized communications of the dying Elder and Alyosha's

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Book Eleven chronicles Ivan Fyodorovich's influence on those around him and his descent into madness. It is in this book that Ivan meets three times with Smerdyakov, desperately seeking to solve the riddle of the murder and whether Smerdyakov, and consequently he himself, had anything to do with it.

772:) is a local schoolboy, and the central figure of a crucial subplot in the novel. Dmitri assaults and humiliates his father, the impoverished officer Captain Snegiryov, who has been hired by Fyodor Pavlovich to threaten Dmitri over his debts, and the Snegiryov family is brought to shame as a result. 1070:

as being the only realistic and truly compassionate basis for the government of men. The Legend is Ivan's confession of the struggle of "pro and contra" taking place within his own soul in relation to the problem of faith. According to Mikhail Bakhtin, "both the very form of its construction as The

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Dostoevsky wrote to his editor that his intention with book V, "Pro and Contra", was to portray "the seed of the idea of destruction in our time in Russia among the young people uprooted from reality". This seed is depicted as: "the rejection not of God but of the meaning of His creation. Socialism

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ideology that permeated Russia at this time is defended and espoused by Ivan Karamazov while meeting his brother Alyosha at a restaurant. In the chapter titled "Rebellion", Ivan proclaims that he rejects the world that God has created because it is built on a foundation of suffering. In perhaps the

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Book Two begins as the Karamazov family arrives at the monastery so that the Elder Zosima can act as a mediator between Dmitri and his father in their dispute over the inheritance. It was the father's idea, apparently as a joke, to have the meeting take place in such a holy place in the presence of

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Fyodor Pavlovich, a 55-year-old sensualist and compulsive liar, is the father of three sons—Dmitri, Ivan and Alexei—from two marriages. He is rumored to have also fathered an illegitimate son, Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, whom he employs as his servant. Fyodor Pavlovich takes no interest in any of

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Pevear and Volokhonsky, while they too stress the need to exhume the real, rough-edged Dostoevsky from the normalization practised by earlier translators, generally offer a rather more satisfactory compromise between the literal and the readable. In particular, their rendering of dialogue is often

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translations read easily...the basic meaning of the Russian text is accurately rendered on the whole. It is true, as critics such as Nikoliukin have demonstrated, that she shortens and simplifies, muting Dostoevsky's jarring contrasts, sacrificing his insistent rhythms and repetitions, toning down

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A man never coincides with himself. One cannot apply the formula of identity A≡A. In Dostoevsky's artistic thinking the genuine life of the personality takes place at the point of non-coincidence between a man and himself, at his point of departure beyond the limits of all that he is as a material

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of Dostoevsky's characters. In Dostoevsky, a fundamental refusal to be wholly defined by an external source (another person, a social interpretation, an ideology, a system of 'knowledge', or anything at all that places a finalizing limit on the primordial freedom of the living soul, including even

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is permitted. When Zosima encounters the idea in the meeting at the monastery, he doesn't dispute it, but suggests to Ivan that since in all probability he doesn't believe in the immortality of his own soul, his thoughts must be a source of torment to him: "But the martyr likes sometimes to divert

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The character of Ivan Fyodorovich, though he outwardly plays the role of devil's advocate, is inwardly far from being resolved in his atheism. A constantly reappearing motif in the novel is his proposition that without faith in immortality, there is no such thing as virtue, and that if there is no

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This section deals primarily with Dmitri's wild and distraught pursuit of money for the purpose of running away with Grushenka. Dmitri owes money to his fiancée Katerina Ivanovna, and will believe himself to be a thief if he does not find the money to pay her back before embarking on his quest for

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This section introduces a side story which resurfaces in more detail later in the novel. It begins with Alyosha observing a group of schoolboys throwing rocks at one of their sickly peers named Ilyusha. When Alyosha admonishes the boys and tries to help, Ilyusha bites Alyosha's finger. It is later

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The third book provides more details of the love triangle among Fyodor Pavlovich, his son Dmitri, and Grushenka. Dmitri hides near his father's home to see if Grushenka will arrive. His personality is explored in a long conversation with Alyosha. Later that evening, Dmitri bursts into his father's

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and "the naïveté of style from the monk Parfeny's book of wanderings". The style and tone in Book VI, where Zosima narrates, is markedly different from the rest of the novel. V. L. Komarovich suggests that the rhythm of the prose is "a departure from all the norms of modern syntax, and at the same

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and cook. Generally contemptuous of others, Smerdyakov greatly admires Ivan and shares his atheism and is largely influenced by Ivan's philosophy that "everything is lawful". Despite his evident shrewdness, other characters—particularly Ivan, Dmitri and Fyodor Pavlovich—underestimate and criticize

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critics by putting their words and beliefs in the mouth of a young boy who doesn't really understand what he is talking about. Kolya is bored with life and constantly torments his mother by putting himself in danger. As part of a prank Kolya lies between railroad tracks as a train passes over and

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be accepted by a heart steeped in love, so Ivan feels bound in his conscience to "humbly return the ticket" to God. The idea of the refusal of love on the grounds of love is taken further in the subsequent "Legend of the Grand Inquisitor". In a long dialogue, in which the second participant (the

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One of the novel's central themes is the counterposition of the true spiritual meaning of the Orthodox Christian faith, particularly insofar as it is posited as the heart of Russian national identity and history, with the ideas and values emanating from the new doctrines of atheism, rationalism,

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Why hast Thou come now to hinder us? For Thou hast come to hinder us, and Thou knowest that...We are working not with Thee but with him ...We took from him what Thou didst reject with scorn, that last gift he offered Thee, showing Thee all the kingdoms of the earth. We took from him Rome and the

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t is not certain that Magarshack has worn as well as Garnett. He certainly corrects some of her errors; he also aims for a more up-to-date style which flows more easily in English...Being even more thoroughly englished than Garnett's, Magarshack's translations lack some of the excitement of the

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Dmitri is next seen in a daze on the street, covered in blood, with a pile of money in his hand. He soon learns that Grushenka's former betrothed has returned and taken her to a nearby lodge. Upon learning this, Dmitri loads a cart with food and wine and pays for a huge orgy to finally confront

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This book details the trial of Dmitri Karamazov for the murder of his father. The courtroom drama is sharply satirized by Dostoevsky. The men in the crowd are presented as resentful and spiteful, and the women as irrationally drawn to the romanticism of Dmitri's love triangle with Katerina and

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The opening of the novel introduces the Karamazov family and relates the story of their distant and recent past. The details of Fyodor Pavlovich's two marriages, as well as his indifference to the upbringing of his three children, is chronicled. The narrator also establishes the widely varying

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In creating the character of Alyosha, Dostoevsky was in large part addressing himself to the contemporary Russian radical youth, as a positive alternative to the atheistic approach to justice and attainment of the good. Alyosha embodies the same aspiration to a society governed by goodness and

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As for Leo Tolstoy himself, the work appears to have proved both challenging and provocative. Entries from his journal indicate that, like others, he considered Dostoevsky's idiosyncratic style to be an obstacle, yet the book was one of several that he requested accompany him on his deathbed.

316:, a condition inherited from his father. The novelist's grief is apparent throughout the book. Dostoevsky named the hero Alyosha, as well as imbuing him with qualities that he sought and most admired. His loss is also reflected in the story of Captain Snegiryov and his young son Ilyusha. 1115:

Though the affirmation of freedom and rejection of mechanistic psychology is most openly and forcefully expressed through the character of Dmitri, as a theme it pervades the entire novel and virtually all of Dostoevsky's other writings. Bakhtin discusses it in terms of what he calls the

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was not a natural condition but instead a physical manifestation of the author's hidden guilt over his own father's death. According to Freud, Dostoevsky (and all other sons) wished for the death of his father because of latent desire for his mother; citing the fact that Dostoevsky's

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everyone is strong enough also to forgive everything for others". He was acutely aware of the difficulty of the artistic task he had set himself and of the incompatibility of the form and content of his "reply" with ordinary discourse and the everyday concerns of his contemporaries.

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admired him but he thought that he had little artistic accomplishment or mind. Yet, as he said, 'he admired his heart', a criticism which contains a great deal of truth, for though his characters do act extravagantly, madly, almost, still their basis is firm enough underneath....

1379:. Ivan's poem "The Grand Inquisitor" is arguably one of the best-known passages in modern literature due to its ideas about human nature, freedom, power, authority, and religion, as well as for its fundamental ambiguity. A reference to the poem can be found in English novelist 1097:

Throughout the novel, in the very nature of all the characters and their interactions, the freedom of the human personality is affirmed, in opposition to any form of deterministic reduction. The "physiologism" that is being attacked is identified in the repeated references to

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In commenting on Ignat Avsey's translation, he writes: "His not entirely unprecedented choice of a more natural-sounding English formulation is symptomatic of his general desire to make his text English...His is an enjoyable version in the domesticating tradition."

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returned Christ) remains silent for its entire duration, the Inquisitor rejects the freedom and spiritual beauty of Christ's teaching as being beyond the capability of earthly humanity, and affirms instead the bread-and-chains materialism derived from the Devil's

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I suppose my model is nearly always Dostoevsky, who was a man of very strong convictions, but his characters illustrated and incarnated the most powerful themes and issues and trends of his day. I think maybe the greatest novel of all time is

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as "always in the liveliest, merriest spirits", was in prison for murdering his father in order to obtain his inheritance, although he always steadfastly maintained his innocence. He was later freed after another man confessed to the crime.

901:. Zosima explains that he found his faith in his rebellious youth, after an unforgivable action toward his trusted servant, consequently deciding to become a monk. Zosima preaches people must forgive others by acknowledging their own 905:

and guilt before others. He explains that no sin is isolated, making everyone responsible for their neighbor's sins. Zosima represents a philosophy that responds to Ivan's, which had challenged God's creation in the previous book.

876:, who has made his return to Earth. The opposition between reason and faith is dramatised and symbolised in a forceful monologue of the Grand Inquisitor who, having ordered the arrest of Jesus, visits him in prison at night. 1270:

began at age 18, the year his father died. It followed that more obvious themes of patricide and guilt, especially in the form of the moral guilt illustrated by Ivan Karamazov, were further literary evidence of his theory.

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On Andrew R. MacAndrew's American version, he comments: "He translates fairly freely, altering details, rearranging, shortening and explaining the Russian to produce texts which lack a distinctive voice."

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that would detail the life of Alexey Karamazov beyond the ending of what was supposed to be the first novel had been planned out by Dostoevsky, but was left unfinished due to the author's death in 1881.

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Grand Inquisitor's dialogue with Christ and at the same time with himself, and the very unexpectedness and duality of its finale, indicate an internally dialogic disintegration at its ideological core."

327:, though at the time he intended to write a novel about childhood instead. Parts of the biographical section of Zosima's life are based on "The Life of the Elder Leonid", a text he found at Optina. 967:

continues the story of the schoolboys and Ilyusha last referred to in Book Four. The book begins with the introduction of the young boy Kolya Krasotkin. Kolya is a brilliant boy who proclaims his

1365:, the novel's most fascinating character, Ivan Karamazov, had by the middle of the twentieth century become the icon of existentialist rebellion in the writings of existentialist philosophers 454:

compassion that is contained in the Socialist ideal, but not divorced from faith in God, from faith in the immortality of the soul in God, or from the Orthodox Christian tradition in Russia.

1079:, and constructed them around his own formulation of the essence of a true Christian faith: that all are responsible for all, and that "everyone is guilty before all and for everything, and 1671:

livelier and more colloquial than McDuff's...Elsewhere, it has to be said, the desire to replicate the vocabulary or syntax of the Russian results in unnecessary awkwardness and obscurity.

755:, who Dostoevsky had met on a visit to the monastery in 1878. For Zosima's teachings in Book VI, "The Russian Monk", Dostoevsky wrote that the prototype is taken from certain teachings of 347:

his sons at their birth, who are, as a result, raised apart from each other and their father. The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel.

370:

The character of Dmitri was initially inspired by a convict, D.I. Ilyinsky, whom Dostoevsky met while in prison in Siberia. Ilyinsky, who is described in Dostoevsky's memoir-novel

1547:

has been translated from the original Russian into a number of languages, the novel's diverse array of distinct voices and literary techniques makes its translation difficult.

4316: 886:

him out. Alyosha, after hearing the story, goes to Ivan and kisses him softly on the lips. Ivan shouts with delight. The brothers part with mutual affection and respect.

293:

article "To the Reader", Dostoevsky mentions a "literary work that has imperceptibly and involuntarily been taking shape within me over these two years of publishing the

1146:

being – a being that can be spied on, defined, predicted apart from its own will, "at second hand". The genuine life of the personality is made available only through a

789:

personalities of the three brothers and the circumstances that have led to their return to their father's town. The first book concludes by describing the mysterious

747:

Dostoevsky's intent with the character of Zosima (as with Alyosha) was to portray the Church as a positive social ideal. The character was to some extent based on

881:

sword of Caesar, and proclaimed ourselves sole rulers of the earth...We shall triumph and shall be Caesars, and then we shall plan the universal happiness of man.

280:), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on to note that the father's body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house. The similarly unfinished 416:

be accepted. All the examples Ivan gives of horrors perpetrated against children were taken by Dostoevsky from actual newspaper accounts and historical sources.

4281: 1040:

Dostoevsky artistically represents and counterposes the two antithetical worldviews in archetypal forms — the character of Ivan Fyodorovich and his legend of

4306: 1878: 203:

from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. It has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in

1570:. In 1976, Ralph Matlaw thoroughly revised Garnett's work for his Norton Critical Edition volume. This in turn was the basis for Victor Terras' influential 917:

The book begins immediately following the death of Zosima. It is a commonly held perception in the town and the monastery that true holy men's bodies are

2985:. Evildoers, in the end, do not sit at table at the eternal banquet beside their victims without distinction, as though nothing had happened.", cited in 1512:

reveals extensive highlights and notes in the margins that he made while reading the work, which have been studied and analyzed by multiple researchers.

1243:—that for him in 1919 was the supreme summit of all literature. It remained so when I talked to him in 1937, and probably until the end of his life." 4011: 3676: 1575: 4276: 1185:

Dostoevsky uses individual styles of speech to express the inner personality of each person. For example, the attorney Fetyukovich (based on

359:) is Fyodor Karamazov's eldest son and the only offspring of his first marriage, with Adelaida Ivanovna Miusov. Dmitri is considered to be a 4218: 4060: 1567: 1338:"so often he knew whole passages of it by heart". A copy of the novel was one of the few possessions Wittgenstein brought with him to the 222:

dealing with problems of faith, doubt, and reason in the context of a modernizing Russia, with a plot that revolves around the subject of

3807: 4301: 4296: 1463:, his life was changed. He felt Dostoyevsky, through his storytelling, revealed completely unique insight into life and human nature. 3837: 3030:

Brinkley, Tony; Kostova, Raina (1 January 2006). "Dialogic Imaginings: Stalin's Re-Reading in the 1930s of the Brothers Karamazov".

1873:

A Russian 12-episode series was produced in 2009 and is considered to be as close to the book as possible. It aired on Channel One.

1323:. Tchaikovsky, for instance, once said of the novel in a letter that "Dostoyevsky is a writer of genius, but an antipathetic one." 1012:

The final section opens with discussion of a plan developed for Dmitri's escape from his sentence of twenty years of hard labor in

975:, and beliefs in the ideas of Europe. Dostoevsky uses Kolya's beliefs, especially in a conversation with Alyosha, to satirize his 4261: 496: 20: 1106:'s theories about heredity and environment, gleaned from Bernard's ideas, which functioned as the ideological background to the 3832: 3603: 2567: 1731: 1204:

has had a deep influence on many public figures over the years for widely varying reasons. Admirers include scientists such as

4311: 3540: 3519: 2728: 2525: 2508: 2450: 2088: 1974: 4271: 3669: 1551:

published a translation in 1912, which Garth Terry called "the first adequate English translation". An earlier version (by

254:

in April 1878, the novel incorporated elements and themes from an earlier unfinished project he had begun in 1869 entitled

3454: 1915:

in 2020. The adaptation of the book is set in Morocco, with some aspects changed to resemble the local Moroccan culture.

3084: 2664: 2000: 4099: 3746: 3738: 2901: 1838: 1826: 1417:. He once wrote that American literature had yet to produce anything great enough to compare with Dostoyevsky's novel. 3586: 3565: 3498: 3463: 2928: 2815: 2699: 2423: 2396: 2120: 485: 3375: 3160: 4286: 3644: 2745: 1798: 4241: 3800: 3662: 1623:

comments on several translations of Dostoevsky's work. In regard to Constance Garnett's translations, he writes:

4291: 4266: 4251: 4196: 4025: 3827: 3065: 2918: 2874: 2612: 2579: 2472: 1599: 4321: 4081: 3894: 3862: 3754: 3654: 2770: 2001:"Staraia Russa and Petersburg; Provincial Realities and Metropolitan Reminiscences in The Brothers Karamazov" 1851: 477: 372: 2389:

The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 9: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January 1919-April 1920

4246: 3878: 3721: 1482:

which...almost prophesies and prefigures everything—all the bloody mess and the issues of the 20th century.

1441: 3355: 3329:"Bratya Karamazovy / The Brothers Karamazov [2 DVD NTSC][English Subtitles][2009]" 760:

time imparts to the entire narration a special, emotional colouring of ceremonial and ideal tranquility."

242:

Optina Monastery served as a spiritual center for Russia in the 19th century and inspired many aspects of

4256: 4046: 3243: 1339: 922: 1352:

identified Dostoevsky's thought as one of the most important sources for his early and best known book,

1141:, it is actively expressed in virtually all their words and deeds. According to Bakhtin, for Dostoevsky: 4032: 3870: 3793: 3557: 2832:"Heidegger, Martin: Frühe Schriften – Vittorio Klostermann – Philosophie, Recht, Literatur, Bibliothek" 398:

Some of the most acclaimed passages of the novel involve Ivan, including the chapters "Rebellion" and "

386: 3487: 3934: 3000: 1402: 1385: 1032: 136: 868:", Ivan narrates to Alyosha his imagined poem that describes an encounter between a leader from the 4209: 1508:

had read Dostoevsky since his youth and considered the author as a great psychologist. His copy of

1320: 1254: 284:(Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine. 1786: 1121:

death) is at the heart of the character. He sees this quality as essential to the human being, to

3886: 3268: 1552: 3985: 3969: 2563: 1594: 1249:

called it "the most magnificent novel ever written" and was fascinated with what he saw as its

2807: 301:

covered a multitude of themes and issues, some of which would be explored in greater depth in

3482: 2571: 2383:

Einstein, Albert (2004). Diana K. Buchwald; Robert Schulmann; József Illy; Daniel Kennefick;

2074: 1814: 1604: 1520: 1467: 1044:, and the characters of Alyosha and the Elder Zosima in their expression and embodiment of a 897:

The sixth book relates the life and history of the Elder Zosima as he lies near death in his

215: 199: 105: 2716: 312:

was altered by a personal tragedy: in May 1878, Dostoevsky's 3-year-old son Alyosha died of

4190: 3902: 3773: 1390: 1179: 1067: 1041: 865: 399: 2831: 218:

that discusses questions of God, free will, and morality. It has also been described as a

8: 4166: 4124: 4106: 3926: 3910: 3286: 1698: 1590: 1579: 1437: 1410: 1331: 1209: 1175: 1108: 869: 469: 289: 219: 88: 83: 3314: 3300: 2944:

Desmond, John F. (Spring 2012). "Fyodor Dostoevsky, Walker Percy and the Demonic Self".

1358:. Of the two portraits Heidegger kept on the wall of his office, one was of Dostoevsky. 1150:

penetration of that personality, during which it freely and reciprocally reveals itself.

4172: 4144: 3418: 3354:

John Gielgud (inquisitor), Michael Feast (prisoner), Richard Argent (producer) (1975).

2961: 1425: 1229: 1186: 4201: 4184: 4160: 4129: 4074: 4067: 3816: 3706: 3685: 3622: 3582: 3561: 3536: 3515: 3494: 3459: 3047: 2965: 2924: 2897: 2870: 2863: 2811: 2800: 2724: 2695: 2645: 2637: 2608: 2585: 2575: 2533: 2504: 2446: 2419: 2392: 2116: 2112: 2084: 1892:"The Grand Inquisitor" was adapted for British television as a one-hour drama titled 1819: 1779: 1688: 1548: 1486: 1267: 1174:

displays a number of modern elements. Dostoevsky composed the book with a variety of

1076: 756: 748: 425: 190: 52: 2560:

Of fiction and faith : twelve American writers talk about their vision and work

1409:

reread the book regularly, claiming it as his greatest literary inspiration next to

4134: 3977: 3711: 3410: 3039: 2953: 1715: 1662:

as a result rather dead...Such 'foreignizing' fidelity makes for difficult reading.

1633: 1559: 1528: 1456: 1406: 1375: 1370: 1349: 1312: 1213: 918: 820: 790: 752: 439: 341: 320: 204: 171: 155: 1885:

The Open University produced a version of "The Grand Inquisitor" in 1975 starring

262:(Драма. В Тобольске), is considered to be the first draft of the first chapter of 4018: 4004: 3608: 3576: 3551: 3530: 3509: 3449: 3361: 2891: 2498: 2440: 2413: 2078: 1362: 1250: 1225: 1221: 1205: 94: 2869:. Translated by Constance Garnett. Introduction by Charles B. Guignon. Hackett. 35: 4178: 4139: 3942: 3716: 1831: 1607:, who praised it for being the most faithful to Dostoevsky's original Russian. 1586: 1563: 1448: 1354: 1316: 1217: 1099: 403: 238: 3684: 3043: 2668: 2442:

Heidegger and the Quest for the Sacred: From Thought to the Sanctuary of Faith

2012: 1657:

McDuff carries this literalism the furthest of any of the translators. In his

1307:

Not all reception to the book was positive. Some were critical of it, such as

1125:, and in his most fiercely independent characters, such as Ivan and Dmitri in 4235: 4039: 3442:

Complete Works in Thirty Volumes (полное собрание сочинений в тридцати томах)

3051: 2641: 2537: 2104: 1861: 1843: 1791: 1505: 1433: 1395: 1380: 1373:. Camus centered on a discussion of Ivan Karamazov's revolt in his 1951 book 1246: 898: 267: 227: 3414: 2987:

God and the Devil are Fighting: The Scandal of Evil in Dostoyevsky and Camus

2589: 1900:

as the inquisitor, it was first broadcast on Channel 5 on 22 December 2002.

1103: 305:. These include patricide, law and order, and a variety of social problems. 2649: 2384: 1908: 1897: 1886: 1807: 1803: 1737: 1650: 1620: 1501: 1470: 1366: 1282: 272: 3649: 2957: 1566:

released translations of the novel, published respectively by Penguin and

1847: 1452: 1429: 1343: 1308: 1295: 1288: 1274: 1190: 976: 856: 506: 3422: 3399:"Dostoevsky's Endgame: The Projected Sequel to "The Brothers Karamazov"" 3398: 2865:

The Grand Inquisitor: With Related Chapters from The Brothers Karamazov

1532: 1490: 501: 492: 468:

of the Karamazov household as a servant, working as Fyodor Pavlovich's

141: 3918: 3854: 3617: 1494: 1436:

described Dostoevsky as not a "poet" but a "prophet". British writer

1236: 972: 408: 223: 3785: 2043: 2031: 3639: 1948:

for more on the relationship between Dostoevsky and his characters.

1912: 1262: 1258: 860: 464: 360: 323:

later that year. There he found inspiration for several aspects of

313: 797:. Alyosha has become devoted to the Elder at the local monastery. 1013: 968: 794: 740: 447: 443: 2412:

Malcolm, Norman; Von Wright, G.H.; Wittgenstein, Ludwig (2001).

2206: 1684:

This is a list of unabridged English translations of the novel:

1516: 435: 364: 186: 3458:. Translated by Caryl Emerson. University Of Minnesota Press. 4053: 3140: 2411: 1597:

Translation Prize in 1991 and garnered positive reviews from

1414: 873: 266:. Dated 13 September 1874, it tells of a fictional murder in 182: 1666:

On the Pevear and Volokhonsky's translation, France writes:

3473:

France, Peter (2000). "Dostoevsky". In Peter France (ed.).

3440:

Institute of Russian Literature (The Pushkin House) (ed.).

1975:"The Brothers Karamazov and the Faith of Fyodor Dostoevsky" 1710:

revised by Ralph E. Matlaw and Susan McReynolds Oddo (2011)

944: 277: 1582:

in 1981 and later re-printed by Raduga Publishers Moscow.

1523:

described Dostoevsky as his best-loved novelist, saying: "

1159: 442:

monastery. His faith is in contrast to his brother Ivan's

3102: 902: 3222: 3220: 3195: 3193: 2628:

Freud, S. (1 January 1945). "Dostoevsky and parricide".

2364: 2316: 2304: 983: 473:

his intelligence likening him to a pseudo-intellectual.

3205: 3178: 2861:

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor (1993). Guignon, Charles B. (ed.).

2267: 800: 3240:

Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English: A–L

2279: 2168: 1882:

is an adaptation of the book set in modern-day Japan.

1617:

The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translations

3475:

The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation

3249: 3217: 3190: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2340: 2230: 2019: 1087: 2473:"5 Western writers influenced by Fyodor Dostoyevsky" 2352: 2328: 2156: 2055: 276:

named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from

4317:

Works originally published in The Russian Messenger

3376:"Abdallah Lahfari campe Salah dans 'Oulad Mokhtar'" 2129: 3486: 2862: 2849: 2799: 3574: 835: 780: 738:Father Zosima is an Elder and spiritual advisor ( 721: 712: 4233: 3269:"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List" 2146: 2144: 2080:Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871–1881 1253:themes. In 1928 Freud published a paper titled " 1239:writes of Einstein's admiration for the novel: " 995: 391:Ivan Fyodorovich (sometimes also referred to as 3029: 2998: 2793: 2791: 1679: 457: 419: 350: 319:The death of his son brought Dostoevsky to the 4012:Another Man's Wife and a Husband Under the Bed 2999:Kostova, Raina; Brinkley, Tony (7 June 2011). 2662: 2186:Letters 102-103; August 7/19, 1879, quoted in 2083:. Princeton University Press. pp. 383–4. 250:Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for 4282:Novels set in the 19th-century Russian Empire 3801: 3670: 3645:Original Russian text at grammatical analyser 3158: 3076: 2607:. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. p. vii. 2466: 2464: 2462: 2141: 2109:Natasha's Dance, A Cultural History of Russia 889: 706:An acute accent marks the stressed syllable. 691: 680: 671: 662: 651: 642: 633: 622: 613: 604: 593: 584: 573: 562: 551: 542: 531: 522: 513: 380: 335: 4307:Russian novels adapted into television shows 4219:Twenty Six Days from the Life of Dostoyevsky 3085:"The Former First Lady As A Literary Device" 2788: 2630:The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 1767:There have been several film adaptations of 1568:The New American Library of World Literature 1257:" in which he investigated Dostoevsky's own 847: 726:Katerina Ivanovna (sometimes referred to as 193:. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing 3529:Jones, Malcolm V.; Terry, Garth M. (1983). 2860: 2721:The Brothers Karamazov: Worlds of the Novel 2526:"The Fierce Imagination of Haruki Murakami" 733: 226:. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in 3808: 3794: 3677: 3663: 3528: 3439: 3108: 2602: 2459: 2049: 2037: 1701:and abridged by W. Somerset Maugham (1949) 1196: 812: 34: 4061:The Beggar Boy at Christ's Christmas Tree 3549: 2665:"Kafka and Dostoevsky as Blood Relatives" 1636:'s Dostoevsky translations, France says: 1593:released a new translation; it won a PEN/ 1535:has said she is an admirer of the novel. 824:An original page of book 3, chapter 3 of 430:Alexei Fyodorovich (often referred to as 355:Dmitri Fyodorovich (often referred to as 3082: 2889: 2690:Power, Arthur (1974). Clive Hart (ed.). 2523: 2382: 1442:list of ten greatest novels in the world 1158: 819: 237: 3448: 3433: 2943: 2916: 2802:Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius 2743: 2667:. University of Toronto. Archived from 2438: 2418:. Oxford University Press. p. 45. 2370: 2346: 2322: 2285: 2236: 1998: 1945: 1515:According to Serbian state news agency 40:The first page of the first edition of 21:The Brothers Karamazov (disambiguation) 4234: 3472: 3301:"Der Mörder Dimitri Karamasoff (1931)" 3255: 3226: 3211: 3199: 3184: 2714: 2470: 1732:Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky 1170:Although written in the 19th century, 909: 63:Братья Карамазовы (Brat'ya Karamazovy) 4277:Novels first published in serial form 3815: 3789: 3658: 3507: 3481: 3238:Burnett, Leon (2000). "Dostoevskii". 2689: 2627: 2557: 2500:Cormac Mccarthy: A Literary Companion 2358: 2334: 2310: 2298: 2273: 2261: 2212: 2200: 2187: 2174: 2162: 2150: 2135: 2103: 2073: 2061: 2025: 1778:(1915 silent film, lost, directed by 1163:Dostoyevsky's notes for Chapter 5 of 1133:, Nastasya Filippovna and Ippolit in 197:, which was published as a serial in 170: 3556:. Minihan, Michael A. (translator). 3396: 3378:(in French). L'Opinion. 4 March 2020 3066:"Vucic: SAD vec imaju bazu u Srbiji" 2797: 2723:. Yale University Press. p. 8. 2496: 1931: 1918: 1694:revised by Avrahm Yarmolinsky (1933) 1024: 928: 3146: 3137:. New York: W.W. Norton, 1976, 1981 2893:Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov 1907:("Mokhtar's Sons") was produced by 864:most famous chapter in the novel, " 330: 230:, which inspired the main setting. 13: 4100:Winter Notes on Summer Impressions 3058: 2771:"What Was on Tolstoy's Bookshelf?" 2439:Schalow, Frank (31 October 2001). 2297:Letter of May 10, 1879, quoted in 2260:Letter of May 10, 1879, quoted in 1261:. Freud claimed that Dostoevsky's 1088:Freedom and mechanistic psychology 14: 4333: 4302:Russian novels adapted into plays 4297:Russian novels adapted into films 3650:Full text in the original Russian 3596: 3581:. University of Wisconsin Press. 3159:David Remnick (7 November 2005). 3083:Zenilman, Avi (16 October 2009). 3072:(in Serbo-Croatian). 7 July 2017. 2524:Anderson, Sam (21 October 2011). 1707:revised by Ralph E. Matlaw (1976) 956: 4026:The Christmas Tree and a Wedding 3628: 3455:Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics 2471:Guzeva, Alexandra (2 May 2018). 1903:A 30-episode drama series named 1704:revised by Manuel Komroff (1958) 1277:felt indebted to Dostoevsky and 373:Notes from the House of the Dead 3550:Mochulsky, Konstantin (1967) . 3489:Dostoevsky A Writer in his Time 3390: 3368: 3347: 3321: 3307: 3293: 3279: 3261: 3232: 3152: 3127: 3114: 3023: 2992: 2972: 2937: 2910: 2883: 2824: 2763: 2737: 2717:"Chapter 3. Critical Reception" 2708: 2683: 2656: 2621: 2596: 2551: 2517: 2490: 2432: 2405: 2376: 2291: 2254: 2242: 2218: 2193: 2180: 1938: 1610: 1538: 921:, i.e., they do not succumb to 16:1880 novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky 4262:Novelistic portrayals of Jesus 3535:. Cambridge University Press. 3514:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 3493:. Princeton University Press. 3397:Rice, James L. (13 May 2024). 3315:"I fratelli Karamazoff (1947)" 3287:"Die Brüder Karamasoff (1921)" 2692:Conversations with James Joyce 2603:Moszkowski, Alexander (1972). 2568:William B. Eerdmans Publishing 2391:. Princeton University Press. 2097: 2067: 1992: 1967: 1757: 1600:The New York Times Book Review 722:Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva 713:Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova 258:. Another unfinished project, 119:1879–80; separate edition 1880 1: 4082:The Dream of a Ridiculous Man 3553:Dostoevsky: His Life and Work 3001:"Stalin's Brothers Karamazov" 2946:The Southern Literary Journal 2917:Maugham, W. Somerset (2010). 2415:Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir 1955: 1868: 1799:Der Mörder Dimitri Karamasoff 1432:, Nobel Prize-winning author 1216:, as well as writers such as 947:The Preliminary Investigation 233: 172:[ˈbratʲjəkərɐˈmazəvɨ] 4312:Russian philosophical novels 3879:The Village of Stepanchikovo 3722:Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov 2923:. Random House. Chapter 10. 2920:Ten Novels And Their Authors 2890:Connolly, Julian W. (2013). 2715:Miller, Robin Feuer (2008). 2497:Hage, Erik (16 March 2010). 1999:Piretto, Gian Piero (1986). 1960: 1680:List of English translations 1574:. Another translation is by 1459:that the first time he read 1137:, or the Underground man in 458:Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov 426:Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov 420:Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov 351:Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov 210:Set in 19th-century Russia, 7: 4272:Novels by Fyodor Dostoevsky 3638:public domain audiobook at 3511:The Dostoevsky Encyclopedia 3244:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 2744:Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich. 2605:Conversations with Einstein 2215:, pp. 788–90, 797–800. 1876:The 2013 Japanese TV drama 1603:and the Dostoevsky scholar 1489:cited the book in the 2007 1451:Nobel Prize-winning writer 1007: 775: 10: 4338: 3558:Princeton University Press 3508:Lantz, Kenneth A. (2004). 3477:. Oxford University Press. 1721:Andrew R. MacAndrew (1970) 1182:and Zosima's confessions. 803:An Inappropriate Gathering 768:Ilyusha (sometimes called 763: 423: 387:Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov 384: 381:Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov 342:Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov 339: 336:Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov 256:The Life of a Great Sinner 18: 4153: 4117: 4091: 3996: 3961: 3846: 3823: 3765: 3730: 3699: 3532:New Essays on Dostoyevsky 3303:. IMDb. 24 November 1931. 3044:10.1163/23752122-00701003 2503:. McFarland. p. 71. 1555:) was published in 1905. 1455:said during a lecture in 1440:included the book in his 1386:Brave New World Revisited 1361:According to philosopher 1019: 705: 692: 681: 672: 663: 652: 643: 634: 623: 614: 605: 594: 585: 574: 563: 552: 550: 543: 532: 530: 523: 514: 483: 159: 131: 123: 113: 100: 76: 68: 58: 48: 33: 3575:Terras, Victor (2002) . 3317:. IMDb. 4 December 1947. 3109:Jones & Terry (1983) 2989:, by Stephen M. O'Brien. 2445:. Springer. p. 23. 1724:Julius Katzer (1980, as 1653:'s Penguin translation: 1527:may be the best work of 1321:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1255:Dostoevsky and Parricide 1154: 986:Brother Ivan Fyodorovich 734:Father Zosima, the Elder 4287:Fiction about patricide 3887:Humiliated and Insulted 3415:10.1163/187633106X00032 3242:, edited by O. Classe. 2663:Roman S. Struc (1981). 2558:Brown, W. Dale (1997). 1762: 1553:Isabel Florence Hapgood 1531:." American First Lady 1422:The Brothers Karamazov, 1197:Reception and influence 29:The Brothers Karamazov 4242:The Brothers Karamazov 3986:Notes from Underground 3951:The Brothers Karamazov 3755:The Karamazov Brothers 3747:The Brothers Karamazov 3739:The Brothers Karamazov 3691:The Brothers Karamazov 3635:The Brothers Karamazov 3618:The Brothers Karamazov 3604:The Brothers Karamazov 3161:"The Translation Wars" 3135:The Brothers Karamazov 3122:The Brothers Karamazov 3032:The Dostoevsky Journal 2983:The Brothers Karamazov 2249:The Brothers Karamazov 2225:The Brothers Karamazov 1925:The Brothers Karamazov 1858:The Brothers Karamazov 1839:The Brothers Karamazov 1827:The Brothers Karamazov 1776:The Brothers Karamazov 1769:The Brothers Karamazov 1750:Michael R. Katz (2023) 1745:The Karamazov Brothers 1743:Ignat Avsey (1994, as 1726:The Karamazov Brothers 1673: 1664: 1643: 1630: 1595:Book-of-the-Month Club 1545:The Brothers Karamazov 1525:The Brothers Karamazov 1510:The Brothers Karamazov 1484: 1480:The Brothers Karamazov 1468:philosophical novelist 1461:The Brothers Karamazov 1336:The Brothers Karamazov 1305: 1301:The Brothers Karamazov 1279:The Brothers Karamazov 1241:The Brothers Karamazov 1202:The Brothers Karamazov 1189:) is characterized by 1172:The Brothers Karamazov 1167: 1165:The Brothers Karamazov 1152: 1139:Notes From Underground 1127:The Brothers Karamazov 1095: 1038:The Brothers Karamazov 883: 828: 826:The Brothers Karamazov 325:The Brothers Karamazov 310:The Brothers Karamazov 303:The Brothers Karamazov 264:The Brothers Karamazov 252:The Brothers Karamazov 247: 244:The Brothers Karamazov 212:The Brothers Karamazov 195:The Brothers Karamazov 178:The Karamazov Brothers 175:), also translated as 151:The Brothers Karamazov 137:The Brothers Karamazov 42:The Brothers Karamazov 4292:Fiction about suicide 4267:Novels about brothers 4252:Existentialist novels 3895:The House of the Dead 3578:A Karamazov Companion 3289:. IMDb. 20 July 1921. 2958:10.1353/slj.2012.0005 2694:. Usborne Publishin. 2227:, Book II, Chapter 6. 1815:I fratelli Karamazoff 1787:Die Brüder Karamasoff 1668: 1655: 1638: 1625: 1572:A Karamazov Companion 1475: 1473:said in an interview: 1334:is said to have read 1293: 1162: 1143: 1091: 878: 823: 606:Аграфе́на, Гру́шенька 241: 200:The Russian Messenger 106:The Russian Messenger 4322:Philosophical novels 4191:The Grand Inquisitor 3903:Crime and Punishment 3774:The Grand Inquisitor 3444:(in Russian). Nauka. 3434:General bibliography 3357:The Grand Inquisitor 2750:Tchaikovsky Research 2251:, Book II, Chapter 7 2015:on 10 November 2013. 1519:, Serbian president 1391:David Foster Wallace 1389:and American writer 1180:The Grand Inquisitor 1131:Crime and Punishment 1042:The Grand Inquisitor 866:The Grand Inquisitor 783:A Nice Little Family 400:The Grand Inquisitor 287:In the October 1877 19:For other uses, see 4247:1880 Russian novels 4167:Lyubov Dostoevskaya 3927:The Eternal Husband 2313:, pp. 797–800. 1879:Karamazov no Kyōdai 1860:(1969, directed by 1842:(1969, directed by 1830:(1958, directed by 1818:(1947, directed by 1802:(1931, directed by 1790:(1921, directed by 1753:David Gildea (2024) 1699:Alexandra Kropotkin 1591:Larissa Volokhonsky 1580:Progress Publishers 1438:W. Somerset Maugham 1332:Ludwig Wittgenstein 1210:Ludwig Wittgenstein 1176:literary techniques 1109:Les Rougon-Macquart 870:Spanish Inquisition 838:Lacerations/Strains 610:Agraféna, Grúshenka 480: 216:philosophical novel 160:Бра́тья Карама́зовы 89:Theological fiction 84:Philosophical novel 59:Original title 30: 4257:Family saga novels 4173:Mikhail Dostoevsky 4145:Rodion Raskolnikov 4125:Nastasya Filipovna 3871:Netochka Nezvanova 3124:. New York, 1957. 2798:Monk, Ray (1991). 2530:The New York Times 2276:, pp. 788–94. 2052:, vol. 17, p. 430. 2040:, vol. 17, p. 427. 2005:Dostoevsky Studies 1659:Brothers Karamazov 1426:Russian Revolution 1424:written after the 1363:Charles B. Guignon 1230:Frederick Buechner 1187:Vladimir Spasovich 1168: 1112:series of novels. 829: 476: 248: 164:Brát'ya Karamázovy 28: 4229: 4228: 4185:Dostoevsky Museum 4161:Anna Dostoevskaya 4130:Alyosha Karamazov 4075:The Peasant Marey 3817:Fyodor Dostoevsky 3783: 3782: 3707:Alyosha Karamazov 3686:Fyodor Dostoevsky 3623:Project Gutenberg 3542:978-0-521-15531-1 3521:978-0-313-30384-5 3214:, pp. 596–7. 3187:, pp. 595–6. 3133:Ralph E. Matlaw, 2896:. A&C Black. 2806:. Penguin Books. 2730:978-0-300-12562-7 2671:on 4 October 2012 2510:978-0-7864-5559-1 2452:978-1-4020-0036-2 2373:, pp. 59–60. 2325:, pp. 248–9. 2177:, pp. 736–7. 2111:. New York City: 2090:978-0-691-11569-6 2028:, pp. 240–2. 1932:Explanatory notes 1919:Unfinished sequel 1905:Oulad El Moukhtar 1820:Giacomo Gentilomo 1780:Victor Tourjansky 1689:Constance Garnett 1549:Constance Garnett 1487:Pope Benedict XVI 1413:'s works and the 1129:, Raskolnikov in 1077:Tikhon of Zadonsk 1048:Christian faith. 1025:Faith and atheism 793:tradition of the 757:Tikhon of Zadonsk 710: 709: 579:Alekséy, Alyósha 220:theological drama 191:Fyodor Dostoevsky 147: 146: 124:Publication place 53:Fyodor Dostoevsky 4329: 4135:Fyodor Karamazov 4107:A Writer's Diary 4040:A Nasty Anecdote 4019:The Honest Thief 3810: 3803: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3712:Fyodor Karamazov 3679: 3672: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3632: 3631: 3625: 3592: 3571: 3546: 3525: 3504: 3492: 3478: 3469: 3450:Bakhtin, Mikhail 3445: 3427: 3426: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3131: 3125: 3120:Manuel Komroff, 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3005:Hungarian Review 2996: 2990: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2868: 2858: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2805: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2468: 2457: 2456: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2071: 2065: 2064:, pp. 40–1. 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2011:. 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