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Japanese. He climbs up to the cave and informs their commander that the war has ended and they should surrender. The commander confers with the other soldiers, and they unanimously decide to fight to the end. Mizushima begs for them to surrender but they do nothing. He decides to ask for more time from the
British, but when he creates a surrender flag, the others take it the wrong way and believe he is surrendering for them. They beat him unconscious and leave him on the floor. The cave is bombarded and Mizushima is the only survivor.
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At a camp, a
British captain asks Mizushima to talk down a group of soldiers who are still fighting on a mountain. He agrees to do so and is told by the captain that he has 30 minutes to convince them to surrender. At the mountain, he is almost shot by the hold-out soldiers before they realize he is
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Ichikawa met with
Takeyama to discuss the story, and was surprised when Takeyama revealed he had never been to Burma, having fought in China during the war. Takeyama explained he planned to write about China, but the music he referenced in his story was not commonly found there. For a screenplay,
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and teach it to say "Mizushima, let's go back to Japan together". They have an old woman villager take it to a monk they suspect is
Mizushima in hiding. She returns the next day with another parrot that says "No, I cannot go back". She also gives the captain a letter, that explains that Mizushima
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Music is also used in the film to represent the unity between cultural groups and enemies. Singing improves the spirits in Inouye's group, with Inouye trained in music while
Mizushima is self-taught in the Burmese harp, an instrument particularly associated with Burma. The group learns the war is
514:'s country." Author Catherine Russell writes that Mizushima, initially stealing a monk's robes and disingenuously posing as a Buddhist monk, becomes more devout. However, Russell argues that Mizushima's Buddhism, in his salute of graves and use of distinctly Japanese boxes, remains a form of
307:. They retrieve their ammunition, then see the advancing force. Captain Inouye tells the men to sing, laugh and clap, to give the British the impression that they are unaware of their presence. Instead of firing at them, though, the British soldiers begin singing the same melody, "
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soldiers inflicted in countries such as Burma, with academic Joan Mellen accusing the film of whitewashing. However, Rayns noted the film shows some
Japanese soldiers were indeed extremists. Dr. John Henry Smihula further argued the quote "Burma is Buddha's country" could mean that
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has decided not to go back to Japan with them, because he must continue burying the dead while studying as a monk and promoting the peaceful nature of mankind. He states in the letter that if he finishes burying all the fallen soldiers' bodies, then he may return to Japan.
522:, and his practice of saluting the graves is reminiscent of Buddhist rituals at stupas. The film's visuals also communicate Buddhist messages, with the panoramas in land, and then the ocean at the end of the film, showing the "broadness" of Mizushima's messages. Shots of
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and the eerie power of its
Buddhist statuary and architecture to sustain the mood of Mizushima's conversion and the mystification of his Japanese comrades." Bock also emphasized the friendship between the soldiers. In 1996, Kevin Thomas of
2006:
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595:, the studio that commissioned the film, released the first part of the film on 21 January 1956, running 63 minutes. The second part, running 80 minutes, was released on 12 February, with both parts as
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was a major financial success and was the number one
Japanese film on the domestic market in 1985. It drew an audience of 3.87 million people, then the second largest Japanese box office hit.
1997:
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It was
Ichikawa's first film released internationally, but the 143-minute film was condensed to 116 minutes, reputedly at Ichikawa's objection. Brandon Films' release in
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was a major box office success, becoming the number one
Japanese film on the domestic market in 1985 and the second largest Japanese box office hit up to that time.
1990:
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Smihula, John Henry (December 2008). "Where a Thousand Corpses Lie: Critical Realism and the Representation of War in American Film and Literature Since 1960": 78.
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that despite appearing sentimental, the film "has a clarity of purpose and a simplicity of execution that make it still appealing". That year, film critic
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262:. A member of the group goes missing after the war, and the soldiers hope to uncover whether their friend survived, and if he is the same person as a
2014:
464:
Ichikawa hoped to make the film in color, but color cameras were too big, and thus costly, to be moved to Burma. Much of the film was shot in Yasui,
518:. Professor Ronald Green argues that Mizushima's mission as a monk to bury Japanese soldiers is a pilgrimage, in which his mounds resemble Buddhist
326:. One day, Mizushima steals the monk's robe and shaves his head so that he will not be spotted as a soldier. He begins a journey to the camp in
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tone to a realistic film, and secured Takeyama's permission. Ichikawa likened his desire to make the film to "a call from the heavens".
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is at the root of the suffering of all characters in the film, as Burma belongs only to Buddha and neither Japan nor Britain. In his
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includes a scene with cannibals in the war. Although this is not adapted in the film, Ichikawa explored the topic in his 1959 film
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Captain Inouye and his men are wondering what happened and cling to a belief that Mizushima is still alive. Eventually, they buy a
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called it the "first real landmark in his career". He wrote it would be impossible for Ichikawa to know about the scale of
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they see playing a harp. The film was among the first to show the losses of the war from a Japanese soldier's perspective.
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where his comrades were sent. Finding many corpses of dead Japanese soldiers along the way, he decides to bury them.
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299:) player of Captain Inouye's group, composed of soldiers who fight and sing to raise morale in the World War II
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was "one of the first films to portray the decimating effects of World War II from the point of view of the
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over when Mizushima plays "Hanyo no yado", with the British joining in by singing "Home! Sweet Home!"
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Japan's Contested War Memories: The 'Memory Rifts' in Historical Consciousness of World War II
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Fitzsimmons, Lorna (2013). "Engaging with the Valley of Death: The Dialogue with Modernity in
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countries came before the novel was first translated to English. The film was released on
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Ichikawa rigorously followed his storyboards in shooting the film. Ichikawa also told
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1140:"Japanese film hailed; Ovation for 'The Burmese Harp' at Venice International Fete".
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to lose weight to portray the underfed character. The harp featured in the film is a
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gave the film three and a half stars, calling it an "extraordinary antiwar drama".
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List of Japanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
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The film's initial release was met with positive reviews. In 1993, film scholar
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List of submissions to the 29th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
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was intrigued by the narrative, but was more interested in transforming the
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Buddhism Goes to the Movies: Introduction to Buddhist Thought and Practice
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Buddhism is a major theme in the film, with a monk saying "Burma is
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Burma and Japan Since 1940: From Co-prosperity to Quiet Dialogue
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1427:(in Japanese). Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan
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1510:. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group.
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One Thousand and One Movies You Must See Before You Die
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Mizushima is helped to recover from his injuries by a
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Voted #20 on The Arts and Faith Top 100 Films (2010)
289:Private Mizushima, a Japanese soldier, becomes the
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1499:Leonard Maltin's 2013 Movie Guide: The Modern Era
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1471:Popular Culture in Asia: Memory, City, Celebrity
654:hailed it as "one of the great anti-war films".
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607:in August 1956, where it received an ovation.
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1991:
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271:Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
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242:is a 1956 Japanese drama film directed by
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1425:"Kako haikyū shūnyū jōi sakuhin 1985-nen"
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487:", adapted in Japan as "Hanyo no yado".
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1305:"The Burmese Harp (Biruma no tategoto)"
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2719:Films with screenplays by Natto Wada
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949:"The Burmese Harp: Unknown Soldiers"
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1715:A Thousand and One Nights with Toho
1508:Classical Japanese Cinema Revisited
569:", and Japanese as "Hanyo no yado".
13:
1646:The Burmese Harp: Unknown Soldiers
1497:Maltin, Leonard (September 2012).
605:Venice International Film Festival
561:The film includes performances of
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273:of 1956. In 1985, Ichikawa remade
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2689:Films produced by Masayuki Takagi
2649:Anti-war films about World War II
1627:"(Biruma no tategoto pt. 2 1956)"
1562:
1538:. London and New York: Routledge.
1492:. New York and London: Routledge.
2674:Films released in separate parts
2182:Under the Flag of the Rising Sun
1608:"(Biruma no tategoto pt.1 1956)"
1311:. 22 August 2002. Archived from
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577:Problems playing this file? See
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2659:Films about music and musicians
2015:Best International Feature Film
1939:The Return of Monjirō Kogarashi
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1160:Treyvaud, Matt (27 June 2015).
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643:praised Ichikawa's use of "the
269:The film was nominated for the
2694:Japanese black-and-white films
2669:Films directed by Kon Ichikawa
2664:Films based on Japanese novels
1827:Topo Gigio and the Missile War
1529:. Barron's Educational Series.
1525:Schneider, Steven Jay (2005).
1219:Kehr, Dave (26 October 1985).
426:
277:in color with a new cast, and
1:
2699:1950s Japanese-language films
2679:Films scored by Akira Ifukube
1276:Thomas, Kevin (19 May 1996).
1146:. 30 August 1956. p. 18.
923:
808:OCIC Award Honorable Mention
565:'s music in both English as "
421:
2546:Nagasaki: Memories of My Son
2158:Profound Desires of the Gods
1191:Kehr, Dave (27 March 2007).
789:28 August – 9 September 1956
703:
629:
452:Ichikawa turned to his wife
417:as Baba (as Akira Nishimura)
7:
2744:Japanese World War II films
2729:1950s political drama films
2530:The Light Shines Only There
2046:Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto
1543:Seekins, Donald M. (2007).
1506:Russell, Catherine (2011).
1193:"Critic's Choice: New DVDs"
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305:British and Indian soldiers
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194:116 minutes (International)
10:
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1534:Seaton, Donald M. (2007).
744:Best Foreign Language Film
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440:was popular, and director
171:12 February 1956
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2704:Japanese war drama films
2554:Her Love Boils Bathwater
1811:Alone Across the Pacific
1256:The Criterion Collection
953:The Criterion Collection
624:The Criterion Collection
246:. Based on a children's
2491:Nobody to Watch Over Me
1631:Japanese Movie Database
1612:Japanese Movie Database
1570:The Burmese Harp (1956)
836:Asiatic-Pacific Theater
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2070:The Ballad of Narayama
1931:Princess from the Moon
1488:Green, Ronald (2014).
1473:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1073:Cite journal requires
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248:novel of the same name
2734:1950s war drama films
2110:Twin Sisters of Kyoto
1283:The Los Angeles Times
988:Turner Classic Movies
651:The Los Angeles Times
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2749:1950s Japanese films
2724:Films about Buddhism
2684:Films set in Myanmar
2654:Burma Campaign films
2444:The Twilight Samurai
2281:MacArthur's Children
2102:Being Two Isn't Easy
1883:The House of Hanging
1795:Being Two Isn't Easy
1655:Criterion Collection
1379:Mainichi Film Awards
784:Venice Film Festival
761:Mainichi Film Awards
690:Japanese imperialism
516:Japanese nationalism
353:has a starring role.
2570:Weathering with You
2476:I Just Didn't Do It
2345:The Oil-Hell Murder
2150:The Sands of Kurobe
2007:Japanese submission
1907:The Makioka Sisters
1771:A Woman's Testament
1250:(27 January 1993).
685:Japanese war crimes
403:as Pvt. Kobayashi (
375:as PFC. Mizushima (
367:Rikugun-Tai-i Inoue
361:as Captain Inouye (
192:143 minutes (Japan)
2337:Rhapsody in August
2329:The Sting of Death
2142:Portrait of Chieko
2118:Woman in the Dunes
2078:Fires on the Plain
1859:The Inugami Family
1803:An Actor's Revenge
1763:Fires on the Plain
1701:Films directed by
1597:TCM Movie Database
1278:"The Burmese Harp"
1252:"The Burmese Harp"
1226:The Chicago Reader
1221:"The Burmese Harp"
1198:The New York Times
1167:The New York Times
1143:The New York Times
984:"The Burmese Harp"
845:in 1985, starring
831:Fires on the Plain
793:San Giorgio Prize
676:The New York Times
635:Critical reception
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313:Japanese surrender
231:Biruma no Tategoto
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2522:The Great Passage
2385:Princess Mononoke
2222:Empire of Passion
1973:
1972:
1517:978-1-4411-0777-0
1315:on 2 October 2008
1106:, pp. 76–77.
947:(16 March 2007).
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645:Burmese landscape
567:Home! Sweet Home!
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485:Home! Sweet Home!
409:Kobayashi Nitōhei
381:Mizushima Ittōhei
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612:English language
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66:Michio Takeyama
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1547:. Nias Press.
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1374:"11th (1956)"
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168: (Part I)
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153:Release dates
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122:Akira Ifukube
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27:
22:
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2619:
2613:Perfect Days
2611:
2603:
2597:Drive My Car
2595:
2589:2021–present
2578:True Mothers
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2538:100 Yen Love
2536:
2528:
2520:
2514:Our Homeland
2512:
2504:
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2490:
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2452:Nobody Knows
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2174:Dodes'ka-den
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2100:
2092:
2084:
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2044:
2038:Gate of Hell
2036:
2028:
1963:The Inugamis
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1899:Lonely Heart
1897:
1891:Ancient City
1889:
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1737:
1730:
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1721:
1713:
1703:Kon Ichikawa
1660:
1649:an essay by
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1615:. Retrieved
1591:
1580:
1569:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1470:
1466:
1459:Bibliography
1429:. Retrieved
1419:
1412:Russell 2011
1407:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1377:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1196:
1171:. Retrieved
1165:
1141:
1135:
1128:Seekins 2007
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1066:cite journal
1045:Russell 2011
1030:Russell 2011
991:. Retrieved
956:. Retrieved
847:Kiichi Nakai
842:
840:
829:
823:
821:
797:Kon Ichikawa
693:
674:
662:
656:
649:
638:
609:
590:
576:
563:Henry Bishop
528:
509:
474:
463:
450:
442:Kon Ichikawa
435:
430:
415:Kō Nishimura
408:
394:
387:Jun Hamamura
380:
366:
332:
321:
317:
294:
288:
274:
268:
260:World War II
244:Kon Ichikawa
236:
235:
217:
216:
215:
188:Running time
96:Jun Hamamura
42:Kon Ichikawa
18:
2562:Shoplifters
2498:Confessions
2289:Gray Sunset
2257:Muddy River
2190:Coup d'État
2086:Late Autumn
1779:Her Brother
1449:Seaton 2007
1385:20 December
1334:Maltin 2012
1289:20 December
1261:20 December
1232:20 December
1204:20 December
1173:20 December
993:20 December
958:20 December
477:Shoji Yasui
427:Development
395:Itō Nitōhei
373:Shoji Yasui
250:written by
91:Shôji Yasui
72:Produced by
38:Directed by
2644:1956 films
2638:Categories
2484:Departures
2468:Hula Girls
2369:Deep River
2297:Final Take
2273:Antarctica
2198:The Fossil
1955:Dora-heita
1651:Tony Rayns
1431:5 February
1358:24 October
1248:Audie Bock
1116:Green 2014
1104:Green 2014
1092:Green 2014
945:Tony Rayns
924:References
855:The remake
822:The novel
753:Nominated
681:Tony Rayns
661:commented
641:Audie Bock
591:In Japan,
579:media help
524:full moons
472:in Japan.
454:Natto Wada
446:fairy tale
422:Production
365:: 陸軍大尉井上,
279:the remake
175:1956-02-12
164:1956-01-29
129:Production
52:Natto Wada
2420:2001–2020
2249:1981–2000
2238:Kagemusha
2022:1951–1980
1867:Queen Bee
1723:The Heart
1501:. Signet.
717:Category
704:Accolades
673:wrote in
671:Dave Kehr
630:Reception
434:'s novel
407:: 小林二等兵,
393:: 伊藤二等兵,
379:: 水島一等兵,
234:, a.k.a.
110:Edited by
2506:Postcard
2377:Gakko II
2361:Pom Poko
2353:Madadayo
2030:Rashomon
1947:47 Ronin
1739:The Hole
1586:AllMovie
1309:BBC Four
861:See also
620:Region 1
601:B movies
593:Nikkatsu
506:(Burma).
468:and the
210:Japanese
207:Language
147:Nikkatsu
137:Nikkatsu
118:Music by
82:Starring
58:Based on
2605:Plan 75
2401:Poppoya
2265:Onimasa
2126:Kwaidan
1875:Phoenix
1653:at the
1636:13 July
1617:13 July
1595:at the
1319:10 July
867:Portals
723:Result
587:Release
504:Myanmar
460:Filming
405:Nihongo
391:Nihongo
377:Nihongo
363:Nihongo
258:during
199:Country
173: (
162: (
131:company
2624:(2024)
2616:(2023)
2608:(2022)
2600:(2021)
2581:(2020)
2573:(2019)
2565:(2018)
2557:(2017)
2549:(2016)
2541:(2015)
2533:(2014)
2525:(2013)
2517:(2012)
2509:(2011)
2501:(2010)
2493:(2009)
2487:(2008)
2479:(2007)
2471:(2006)
2463:(2005)
2455:(2004)
2447:(2003)
2439:(2002)
2431:(2001)
2412:(2000)
2404:(1999)
2396:(1998)
2388:(1997)
2380:(1996)
2372:(1995)
2364:(1994)
2356:(1993)
2348:(1992)
2340:(1991)
2332:(1990)
2324:(1989)
2316:(1988)
2308:(1987)
2300:(1986)
2292:(1985)
2284:(1984)
2276:(1983)
2268:(1982)
2260:(1981)
2241:(1980)
2233:(1979)
2230:Gassan
2225:(1978)
2217:(1977)
2209:(1975)
2201:(1974)
2193:(1973)
2185:(1972)
2177:(1971)
2169:(1970)
2161:(1969)
2153:(1968)
2145:(1967)
2137:(1966)
2129:(1965)
2121:(1964)
2113:(1963)
2105:(1962)
2097:(1961)
2089:(1960)
2081:(1959)
2073:(1958)
2065:(1957)
2057:(1956)
2049:(1955)
2041:(1954)
2033:(1951)
1966:(2006)
1958:(2000)
1950:(1994)
1942:(1993)
1934:(1987)
1926:(1985)
1918:(1984)
1910:(1983)
1902:(1981)
1894:(1980)
1886:(1979)
1878:(1978)
1870:(1978)
1862:(1976)
1854:(1973)
1846:(1973)
1838:(1971)
1830:(1967)
1822:(1965)
1814:(1963)
1806:(1963)
1798:(1962)
1790:(1961)
1782:(1960)
1774:(1960)
1766:(1959)
1758:(1959)
1750:(1958)
1742:(1957)
1734:(1956)
1726:(1955)
1718:(1947)
1551:
1514:
1477:
818:Legacy
727:Ref(s)
711:Award
520:stupas
512:Buddha
500:Stupas
491:Themes
466:Hakone
335:parrot
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905:1950s
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1915:Ohan
1638:2007
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1575:IMDb
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1387:2016
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1291:2016
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1079:help
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