59:
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may express his struggle with a particularly difficult period; Nerval spent time in psychiatric hospitals in 1840–1841, 1851, 1853 and 1854. In 1853 he temporarily lost the ability to speak and write, and his identity. His illness made him identify with figures from myths and legends, and in the
406:. "Le Christ aux Oliviers" was published there on 31 March 1844, "Vers dorés" (as "Pensée antique", "ancient thought") on 16 March 1845 and "Delfica" (as "Vers dorée") on 28 December 1845. "El Desdichado" was published in
504:
are Nerval's most famous poems. With their focus on the beauty of words, and lasting resistance to critical interpretation, they can be seen as precursors to
450:
421:
poems, though not "Le Christ aux
Oliviers". In 1958, Brian Hill translated the complete series along with a number of other Nerval poems under the title
736:
1320:
73:(1808–1855) had mental health problems and his doctor Émile Blanche had recommended him to continue writing as a form of therapy. The poems of
1183:
461:
reacted negatively to this version, calling it "irresponsible" and a "perversion", and published his own translation in 1967 in the journal
394:
The eight poems were published in their final form in
January 1854, when they were included at the end of Nerval's short story collection
40:, made up of eight individual poems and a total of twelve sonnets. The poems are: "El Desdichado", "Myrtho", "Horus", "Anteros", "
383:
1002:
490:
363:
1315:
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and Jay, one by
William Stone published in a bilingual edition in 1999, and one by Henry Weinfield published in 2005 with
1098:
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1044:
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958:
939:
872:
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688:
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58:
386:", "A Madame Sand", an alternate version of "Myrto", "A Louise d'Or. Reine", "A J Colonna" and "Érythréa".
78:
interplay with these characters in his poems he attempted to create a self. Regarding the obscurity of his
1169:
481:
by the artist
Douglas Kinsey. In 2023, Richard Robinson published the original 8 plus 'The Armed Head' in
474:
417:(Grove Press, New York), the last section of which was a selection of Nerval's poetry which included the
235:
82:
poems, Nerval wrote that they "would lose their charm by being explained, if that thing was possible".
1012:
526:
267:
862:
44:", "Artemis", "Christ at Gethsemane" (I–V) and "Golden Verses". They were published in the book
509:
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8:
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70:
37:
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155:
151:
95:
595:, p. 86: "perdraient de leur charme à être expliqués, si la chose était possible"
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is used to convey a message about spiritual growth. The poem suggests a parallel to
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section containing nine additional sonnets, namely "La Tête de l'Armée", "A Madame
314:
8, 13. The portrayal, which focuses on the return of spirit to the world after the
159:
103:
1215:
951:
The Anchor
Anthology of French Poetry from Nerval to Valéry in English Translation
752:
1093:(in French). Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne. pp. 117–128.
689:
http://promeneur-libre.raindrop.jp/litterature/pdf_fr/NERVAL__Autres_Chimeres.pdf
469:
has made a free interpretation and adaptation of the poems, published in 1982 as
347:
291:
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251:
227:
175:
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25:
1074:(in French). Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne. pp. 89–110.
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473:. Later translations include one by Peter Jay published in 1984 with essays by
355:
311:
307:
303:
1299:
438:
295:
1110:"Une mélancolie romantique. Concept de création et création de concept dans
1089:
Marchal, Bertrand (1997). "Les Chimères de Nerval". In Guyaux, André (ed.).
920:
907:
Burton, Brian (2005). "Disconsolate labours : Derek Mahon and Nerval".
899:
442:
402:
242:
will resurge in an enlightened form which will subsume the
Christian ethos.
449:, published in 1966. Another English translation by an American, the poet
427:
An
Anthology of French Poetry from Nerval to Valéry in English Translation
324:
238:'s poem "Kennst du das Land", the poem expresses its author's belief that
466:
359:
315:
1264:
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934:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.
441:("Horus", "Anteros" and "Artemis") and Daisy Aldan ("Golden Verses").
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Nineteenth-Century French Poetry: Introductions to Close
Reading
838:
447:
Chimeras: Transfigurations of "les Chimères" by Gérard de Nerval
147:
33:
425:(R. Hart-Davis, London). Also in 1958, Anchor Books published
194:
about the nature of torment and rage. He claims ancestry from
94:
The first-person narrator introduces himself as the Prince of
1039:. Vol. 2. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 797–798.
437:("El Desdichado" and "Delphica"), Joseph Bennett ("Myrtho"),
287:
263:
207:
199:
63:
1091:
Nerval: actes du colloque de la
Sorbonne du 15 novembre 1997
1072:
Nerval: actes du colloque de la
Sorbonne du 15 novembre 1997
705:
203:
187:
143:
994:
Male Subjectivity and Poetic Form in "New American" Poetry
976:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–102.
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400:. Several of them had appeared before in the magazine
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and god of unrequited love, addresses the philosopher
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741:. Selected works. English. 1957. Grove Press. 1957.
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1297:
389:
1177:
970:"The lyric persona: Nerval's 'El Desdichado'"
453:, had been published in 1965 in the magazine
485:, Portland, OR: Sunny Lou Publishing, 2023.
234:). Inspired by Nerval's Italian journey and
1155:has original text related to this article:
1037:Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850
931:Poetic Madness and the Romantic Imagination
130:it is associated with female sexual desire.
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1035:. In Murray, Christopher John (ed.).
972:. In Prendergast, Christopher (ed.).
415:Selected Writings of Gerard de Nerval
364:Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales
16:Series of sonnets by GĂ©rard de Nerval
1191:
1017:"Faculty and Staff: Henry Weinfield"
882:Brix, Michel (1997). "Modernité des
881:
699:
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413:In 1957, Geoffrey Wagner published
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14:
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754:Fortune's fool, thirty-five poems
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997:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
867:. New York: Dover Publications.
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729:
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445:interpreted the eight poems as
294:in Jerusalem, adapted from the
98:and claims to have crossed the
368:De la philosophie de la nature
1:
1224:Lorely, souvenirs d'Allemagne
864:Introduction to French Poetry
532:
374:Some French editions have an
122:, a plant that was sacred to
118:, the personification of the
53:
1118:Les Chantiers de la Création
949:Flores, Angel, ed. (2000) .
861:Appelbaum, Stanley (2004) .
537:
390:Publication and translations
286:) (I–V). Five sonnets about
266:cards, identifying her with
7:
928:Burwick, Frederick (1996).
515:
354:). The poem is inspired by
332:'s reading of Jean Paul in
276:"Christ in the Olive Grove"
10:
1342:
1070:. In Guyaux, André (ed.).
1068: : la voix du neutre"
953:. New York: Anchor Books.
854:
465:. The Northern Irish poet
236:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
102:–one of the rivers of the
1316:Works by GĂ©rard de Nerval
1275:
1199:
968:Gordon, Rae Beth (1990).
495:
483:Sylvie & The Chimeras
382:", "A Madame Aguado", "A
1013:University of Notre Dame
845:University of Notre Dame
527:Grotesque (architecture)
423:Fortune's Fool, 35 poems
85:
62:Photograph of Nerval by
1062:Jourde, Pierre (1997).
991:Mossin, Andrew (2010).
921:10.3406/irlan.2005.3015
900:10.3406/litts.1997.1753
1031:Yee, Jennifer (2004).
757:. R. Hart-Davis. 1959.
500:The twelve sonnets of
351:
284:Le Christ aux Oliviers
283:
258:). Evokes the goddess
255:
231:
179:
66:
29:
1108:Mees, Martin (2016).
457:; Blaser's colleague
410:on 10 December 1853.
384:Hélène de Mecklenburg
61:
36:by the French writer
1208:Voyage to the Orient
714:, pp. 242, 244.
433:poems translated by
362:, as interpreted by
1033:"Nerval, GĂ©rard de"
811:, pp. 103–104.
522:Chimera (mythology)
32:) is a sequence of
909:Études irlandaises
568:, pp. 99–100.
508:and the poetry of
435:Richmond Lattimore
358:and the idea of a
262:through a deck of
152:Egyptian mythology
126:. In the plays of
67:
1293:
1292:
1257:Les Filles du feu
1004:978-0-230-61732-2
738:Selected writings
510:Stéphane Mallarmé
491:978-1-95539-240-2
429:, which contains
397:Les Filles du feu
330:Germaine de Staël
318:, is inspired by
186:, the brother of
114:The poem praises
50:in January 1854.
47:Les Filles du feu
1333:
1284:Monde dramatique
1193:GĂ©rard de Nerval
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344:"Golden Verses"
292:Mount of Olives
164:Roman mythology
92:"El Desdichado"
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1243:(1844–1854)
1240:The Chimeras
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1157:Les Chimères
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1117:
1112:Les Chimères
1111:
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1066:Les Chimères
1065:
1036:
1020:. Retrieved
993:
973:
950:
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915:(2): 35–49.
912:
908:
891:
888:Littératures
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833:Burwick 1996
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605:Burwick 1996
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554:Burwick 1996
502:The Chimeras
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451:Robin Blaser
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443:Andrew Hoyem
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367:
366:in the book
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316:death of God
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158:, Venus and
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75:The Chimeras
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30:Les Chimères
21:The Chimeras
20:
19:
18:
821:Burton 2005
809:Mossin 2010
797:Mossin 2010
768:Flores 2000
724:Gordon 1990
593:Gordon 1990
581:Gordon 1990
566:Gordon 1990
467:Derek Mahon
310:19, 21 and
69:The writer
1306:1854 poems
1300:Categories
1265:La Pandora
1153:Wikisource
1114:de Nerval"
533:References
455:Open Space
352:Vers dorés
335:On Germany
192:Iamblichus
54:Background
700:Brix 1997
538:Citations
506:symbolism
479:monotypes
403:L'Artiste
380:Ida Dumas
325:Siebenkäs
320:Jean Paul
268:the queen
248:"Artemis"
172:"Anteros"
96:Aquitaine
1250:" (1845)
1248:Delphica
884:Chimères
785:Yee 2004
516:See also
240:paganism
222:Delphica
112:"Myrtho"
42:Delphica
1326:Sonnets
855:Sources
431:Chimera
419:Chimera
370:(1777).
338:(1813).
306:13–14,
302:24–26,
290:on the
260:Artemis
256:Artémis
232:Delfica
212:Jehovah
196:Antaeus
184:Anteros
180:Antéros
136:"Horus"
128:Plautus
106:–twice.
100:Acheron
80:Chimera
34:sonnets
1268:(1921)
1260:(1854)
1235:(1853)
1232:Sylvie
1227:(1852)
1219:(1852)
1211:(1851)
1097:
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1022:7 June
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957:
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496:Legacy
489:
348:French
280:French
252:French
228:French
176:French
156:Vulcan
148:Osiris
120:myrtle
116:Myrtho
26:French
1200:Works
1124:(9).
463:Audit
300:Matt.
288:Jesus
264:Tarot
208:Dagon
202:with
200:Satan
162:from
150:from
140:Kneph
124:Venus
86:Poems
64:Nadar
1095:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1024:2020
999:ISBN
978:ISBN
955:ISBN
936:ISBN
869:ISBN
487:ISBN
312:John
308:Luke
304:Mark
204:Baal
188:Eros
160:Mars
146:and
144:Isis
1126:doi
917:doi
896:doi
886:".
298:'s
206:or
182:).
1302::
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