20:
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Artistic use of the fable may go back to Roman times, since one of the mosaics that has survived is thought to have the story of the crow and the pitcher as its subject. Modern equivalents have included
English tiles from the 18th and 19th centuries and an American mural by Justin C. Gruelle
160:; the Eurasian jay had not been scientifically observed to use tools either in the wild or in captivity before. The research also indicated that physical cognition evolved earlier in the corvid family than previously thought as the not closely related crows and ravens were already known to
147:
were able to drop stones into a pitcher of water to make the water level rise. Further research established that the birds understood that the pitcher must contain liquid rather than a solid for the trick to work, and that the objects dropped in must sink rather than float.
103:(1889–1978), created for a Connecticut school. These and the illustrations in books of fables had little scope for invention. The greatest diversity is in the type of vessel involved and over the centuries these have varied from a humble clay pot to elaborate Greek pitchers.
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168:, also pass the test due to remarkable behavioral flexibility. Such tool use has been observed in great apes as well and the researchers were quoted as drawing a parallel between their findings and the fable.
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87:. After failing to push it over, the bird drops in pebbles one by one until the water rises to the top of the pitcher, allowing it to drink. In his telling, Avianus follows it with a
99:'s edition the proverb 'Necessity is the mother of invention' is applied to the story while an early 20th-century retelling quotes the proverb 'Where there's a will, there's a way'.
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of ingenuity: "This fable shows us that thoughtfulness is superior to brute strength." Other tellers of the story stress the crow's persistence. In
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behaviour that recent scientific studies have confirmed is goal-directed and indicative of causal knowledge rather than simply being due to
64:, was included in the 2nd century fable collection of pseudo-Dositheus and later appears in the 4th–5th-century Latin verse collection by
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on intelligence tests, with certain species topping the avian IQ scale and tool use is well-documented. Unrelated birds, the
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is the earliest to attest that the story reflects the behaviour of real-life corvids. In August 2009, a study published in
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Taylor, A.H., Elliffe, D.M., Hunt, G.R., Emery, N.J., Clayton, N.S., & Gray, R.D., PLoS ONE, 6(12), e26887. (2011).
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598:"Using the Aesop's Fable Paradigm to Investigate Causal Understanding of Water Displacement by New Caledonian Crows"
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YouTube clip from "Inside the Animal Mind" (BBC Two
Program) showing a crow solving a puzzle in order to get food.
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68:. The history of this fable in antiquity and the Middle Ages is tracked in A.E. Wright's
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539:"Modifications to the Aesop's Fable Paradigm Change New Caledonian Crow Performances"
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253:"'Hie lert uns der meister' : Latin commentary and the German fable, 1350–1500"
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The Taill of how this forsaid Tod maid his
Confessioun to Freir Wolf Waitskaith
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Cheke, Lucy G.; Bird, Christopher D.; Clayton, Nicola S. (19 January 2011).
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The fable is made the subject of a poem by the first century CE Greek Poet
657:"New Caledonian crows learn the functional properties of novel tool types"
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Logan, C. J., Harvey, B. D., Schlinger, B. A., & Rensel, M. (2016).
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214:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 493–494, no. 390.
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417:"Rooks Use Stones to Raise the Water Level to Reach a Floating Worm"
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There is a photograph of this taken in 1936 in the collection of
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848:"Behavioral flexibility and problem solving in an invasive bird"
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Hie lert uns der meister: Latin
Commentary and the Germany Fable
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301:"Stock Photos, Royalty-Free Images and Vectors – Shutterstock"
271:"39. De cornice et urna (1687), illustrated by Francis Barlow"
139:, also taking the fable as a starting point, found that other
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Jelbert SA, Taylor AH, Cheke LG, Clayton NS, Gray RD (2014).
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Logan CJ, Jelbert SA, Breen AJ, Gray RD, Taylor AH (2014).
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799:"Science/Nature | Crows and jays top bird IQ scale"
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appear to fail. The findings have advanced knowledge of
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as the fourth item in his "Fables from Aesop" (2002).
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The Taill of the
Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous
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Bird, Christopher David; Emery, Nathan John (2009).
83:with water at the bottom, beyond the reach of its
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143:are capable of the thinking demonstrated there.
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782:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
713:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1589:The Taill of Schir Chanticleir and the Foxe
285:Aesop's Fables: a version for young readers
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1568:The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian
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825:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4.
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23:The Crow and the Pitcher, illustrated by
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907:"Clever Apes Recreate an Aesop Fable"
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456:Clayton, Nicola (25 November 2011).
106:The fable was later set to music by
44:. It relates ancient observation of
1492:Out of the frying pan into the fire
1382:(also known as The Mice in Council)
1194:The Goose that Laid the Golden Eggs
1034:The Astrologer who Fell into a Well
13:
1431:The miller, his son and the donkey
1049:The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird
822:Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior
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1406:The drowned woman and her husband
1309:The Travellers and the Plane Tree
1129:The Fisherman and the Little Fish
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905:Charles Q. Choi (July 11, 2007).
458:"Cognition in birds (transcript)"
948:15th–20th-century illustrations
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1209:The Horse that Lost its Liberty
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846:Logan, Corina J. (2016-05-03).
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1219:The Lion, the Bear and the Fox
819:Shettleworth, Sara J. (2010).
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1354:The Young Man and the Swallow
1074:The Cock, the Dog and the Fox
1054:The Bird in Borrowed Feathers
171:
75:The story concerns a thirsty
1541:The Grasshopper and the Ants
1426:The Hawk and the Nightingale
1349:The Woodcutter and the Trees
1304:Town Mouse and Country Mouse
1269:The Old Woman and the Doctor
1184:The Frogs Who Desired a King
941:Children's literature portal
682:10.1371/journal.pone.0026887
623:10.1371/journal.pone.0092895
564:10.1371/journal.pone.0103049
403:pliny crow urn stones water.
7:
1482:The labyrinth of Versailles
1421:The Gourd and the Palm-tree
1329:Washing the Ethiopian White
1294:The Snake in the Thorn Bush
1279:The Satyr and the Traveller
1224:The Man with Two Mistresses
1009:The Ant and the Grasshopper
797:Rincon, Paul (2005-02-22).
242:). Retrieved on 2007-07-19.
10:
1774:
1386:The Blind Man and the Lame
1254:The North Wind and the Sun
1094:The Dog and Its Reflection
1039:The Bear and the Travelers
1029:The Ass in the Lion's Skin
319:"The Crow and the Pitcher"
1614:
1550:
1523:
1502:The milkmaid and her pail
1459:
1451:The Shepherd and the Lion
1446:The Scorpion and the Frog
1375:The Bear and the Gardener
1362:
1314:The Trees and the Bramble
1299:The Tortoise and the Hare
1274:The Rose and the Amaranth
1159:The Fox and the Sick Lion
1044:The Belly and the Members
1024:The Ass Carrying an Image
997:
989:
501:10.1007/s10071-011-0379-4
434:10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.033
367:"Flickr – Photo Sharing!"
355:Connecticut State Library
50:instrumental conditioning
1507:Wolf in sheep's clothing
1391:The Boy and the Filberts
1334:The Weasel and Aphrodite
1249:The Mouse and the Oyster
1204:The Horse and the Donkey
1134:The Fowler and the Snake
1119:The Farmer and the Viper
1114:The Farmer and the Stork
1089:The Deer without a Heart
1079:The Crow and the Pitcher
391:Pliny the Elder (1855).
206:Ben Edwin Perry (1965).
33:The Crow and the Pitcher
1441:The Priest and the Wolf
1396:Chanticleer and the Fox
1239:The Moon and her Mother
1174:The Fox and the Woodman
1124:The Fir and the Bramble
1014:The Ass and his Masters
152:perform similarly, but
56:The fable and its moral
1436:The Monkey and the Cat
1370:An ass eating thistles
1339:The Wolf and the Crane
1289:The Snake and the Crab
1244:The Mountain in Labour
1234:The Miser and his Gold
1214:The Lion and the Mouse
1169:The Fox and the Weasel
1144:The Fox and the Grapes
1084:The Crow and the Snake
1069:The Cock and the Jewel
1059:The Boy Who Cried Wolf
397:. H. G. Bohn. p.
212:Loeb Classical Library
40:, numbered 390 in the
28:
1622:Demetrius of Phalerum
1575:The Cock and the Jasp
1497:Still waters run deep
1401:The Dog in the Manger
1344:The Wolf and the Lamb
1264:The Old Man and Death
1199:The Honest Woodcutter
1189:The Goat and the Vine
1164:The Fox and the Stork
1109:The Eagle and the Fox
289:text available online
166:great-tailed grackles
118:The Roman naturalist
22:
1672:Laurentius Abstemius
1605:La Fontaine's Fables
1411:The Elm and the Vine
1259:The Oak and the Reed
1154:The Fox and the Mask
1149:The Fox and the Lion
1139:The Fox and the Crow
1104:The Dove and the Ant
1099:The Dog and the Wolf
1064:The Cat and the Mice
464:. ABC Radio National
208:Babrius and Phaedrus
150:New Caledonian crows
114:The fable in science
91:that emphasises the
1702:Jean de La Fontaine
1652:Adémar de Chabannes
1534:Aesop's Film Fables
1416:The Fox and the Cat
1229:The Mischievous Dog
1179:The Frog and the Ox
1019:The Ass and the Pig
673:2011PLoSO...626887T
614:2014PLoSO...992895J
555:2014PLoSO...9j3049L
1642:Dositheus Magister
865:10.7717/peerj.1975
751:10.7717/peerj.1707
154:Western scrub-jays
79:that comes upon a
29:
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1729:
832:978-0-19-531984-2
427:(16): 1410–1414.
369:. 21 August 2010.
221:978-0-674-99480-5
193:, New York 1916,
158:bird intelligence
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1687:Hieronymus Osius
1677:Roger L'Estrange
1647:Alexander Neckam
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1692:Marie de France
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1667:Kawanabe KyĹŤsai
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911:LiveScience
522:15 December
468:15 December
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1737:Categories
1363:Apocryphal
950:from books
916:2007-07-19
805:2011-11-12
801:. BBC News
257:onread.com
172:References
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