133:
125:
141:
904:
school, the family, and the society in bringing up young people; and the linkage of education and training to life and the practical experience of building communism. The underlying principles of the Soviet system of public education include a scientific approach to and continual improvement of education on the basis of the latest achievements in science, technology and culture; a humanistic and highly moral orientation in education and upbringing; and co-education of both sexes, secular education which excludes the influence of religion.
953:
42:
132:
290:(until 1969); two index volumes to this edition were published in 1960. The third edition of 1969–1978 contains 30 volumes (100,000 entries, plus an index volume issued in 1981). Volume 24 is in two books, one being a full-sized book about the USSR, all with about 21 million words, and the chief editor being
124:
988:
or Greek history, culture and society were expanded and hundreds of new ones were written especially for the Greek edition. Thus the encyclopedia contains, for example, both the
Russian entry on Greece as well as a much larger one prepared by Greek contributors. Each article written especially in the
890:
To develop in children's minds the
Communist morality, ideology, and Soviet patriotism; to inspire unshakable love toward the Soviet fatherland, the Communist party, and its leaders; to propagate Bolshevik vigilance; to put an emphasis on internationalist education; to strengthen Bolshevik willpower
841:
should elucidate widely the world-historical victories of socialism in our country, which have been attained in the U.S.S.R. in the provinces of economics, science, culture, and art. ... With exhaustive completeness it must show the superiority of socialist culture over the culture of the capitalist
992:
Finally, a supplementary volume covering the 1980s was published in 1989. It contains translated and original Greek articles which, sometimes, do not exist in the 34-volume set. The articles of the Greek version are being gradually digitised now; the digitised volumes can be found on "vivlio2ebook"
933:
It is just this simple for the Soviet board of editors. They are working under a government directive that orders them to orient their encyclopedia as sharply as a political tract. The encyclopedia was thus planned to provide the intellectual underpinning for the Soviet world offensive in the duel
903:
Education is essential to preparing for life and work. It is the basic means by which people come to know and acquire culture, and it is the foundation of culture's development...The Soviet education rests on the principles of the unity of education and communist upbringing; cooperation among the
1424:
The encyclopedia's Chief
Editorial Board and advisory board sought input from the general public. The entry list was sent to universities, scientific institutions, museums, and private specialists in every field. More than 50,000 suggestions were received and many additions were made. Scholars
1415:
is a systematic summary of knowledge in social and economic studies and in the applied sciences. It became a universal reference work for the Soviet intelligentsia. According to the publisher's foreword in the
English-language translation of the encyclopedia, the encyclopedia is important for
1420:
is its comprehensive information about the Soviet Union and its peoples. Every aspect of Soviet life is systematically presented, including history, economics, science, art, and culture. The ethnic diversity of USSR's peoples and its languages and cultures are extensively covered. There are
1455:—ostensibly in response to overwhelming public demand—mailed subscribers to the second edition a letter from the editor instructing them to cut out and destroy the three-page article on Beria and paste in its place enclosed replacement pages expanding the adjacent articles on
833:, along with all other books and other media and communications with the public, was directed toward the "furtherance of the aims of the party and the state." The 1949 decree issued for the production of the second edition of the GSE directed:
140:
971:
found at the front of each volume to locate specific items; knowledge of
Russian can be helpful to find the right volume the first time. Not all entries were translated into English; these are indicated in the index.
1471:
subscribers received missives to replace articles in the fashion of the Beria article frequently. Other articles, especially biographical articles on political leaders, changed significantly to reflect the current
1421:
biographies of prominent cultural and scientific figures who are not as well known outside of Russia. There are detailed surveys of USSR's provinces and towns, as well as their geology, geography, flora and fauna.
1662:
294:(since 1969). In the third edition, much attention was paid to the philosophical problems of natural sciences, physical and chemical sciences, and mathematical methods in various branches of knowledge.
235:
1467:. By April 1954, the Library of the University of California, Berkeley had received this “replacement.” This was not the only case of political influence. According to one author,
1347:
2048:
891:
and character, as well as courage, capacity for resisting adversity and conquering obstacles; to develop self-discipline; and to encourage physical and aesthetic culture.
1391:
1504:. In 2003 and 2004 a team of editors overhauled the old encyclopedia by updating facts, removing most examples of overt political bias, and changing its name to the
2106:, ed. A. M. Prokhorov (New York: Macmillan, London: Collier Macmillan, 1974–1983) 31 volumes, three volumes of indexes. Translation of third Russian edition of
981:
993:
blog, which is dedicated on digitising various books in Greek language. It is written on Modern (Demotic) Greek, but it uses the polytonic alphabet.
1836:
1580:
The 3rd edition contains more than 95,000 articles, and nearly 35,000 illustrations and maps. Compare with over 120,000 articles in the
Russian
304:
The first online edition, an exact replica of text and graphics of the third (so-called Red) edition, was published by
Rubricon.com in 2000.
17:
41:
2181:
2020:
1904:
1877:
1628:
989:
Greek edition is marked with the note "Greek version supplement" (or "Συμπλήρωμα ελληνικής έκδοσης" as written in the Greek translation).
1581:
980:
The third edition was translated into Greek and published in 34 volumes between 1977 and 1983 from
Akadimos publishing company (owned by
846:
theory, the encyclopedia should give a party criticism of contemporary bourgeois tendencies in various provinces of science and technics.
282:(until 1941). The second edition of 50 volumes (100,000 entries, plus a supplementary volume) was published in 1950–1958; chief editors:
1991:
1962:
934:
for men's minds. The Soviet government ordered it as a fighting propaganda weapon. And the government attaches such importance to its
2176:
829:
The foreword to the first volume of the GSE (2nd ed.) proclaims "The Soviet Union has become the center of the civilized world." The
2206:
2186:
1531:. Additionally, the 1980s editions remain in widespread use, particularly as references in scientific and mathematical research.
2054:
1941:
A Soviet View of the
American past: An Annotated Translation of the Section on American History in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2035:
691:
2171:
1945:
711:
353:
1989:
He who destroys a good Book, kills reason it self:an exhibition of books which have survived Fire, the Sword and the
Censors
1524:
2201:
1433:, though noted as having a strong Marxist bias, provides useful information for understanding the Soviet point of view.
1919:
1649:
1528:
715:
886:, sociology, and political science. In support of that mission, the GSE (2nd ed.) described as the role of education:
2016:
1900:
1873:
1846:
1711:
1056:
739:
202:) in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia".
274:
There were three editions. The first edition of 65 volumes (65,000 entries, plus a supplementary volume about the
2196:
1927:
1148:
1554:
1456:
1169:
2191:
1192:
1033:
703:
418:
984:), which has also translated various Soviet encyclopedias and literature. All articles that were related to
1326:
1282:
1125:
854:(3rd ed.) expanded on that mission, paying particular attention to developments in science and technology:
337:
929:
s chief editor B. A. Vvedensky stating their compliance with the 1949 decree of the Council of Ministers:
1520:
1305:
1213:
734:
287:
227:
219:
1597:
938:
that its board of editors is chosen by and is responsible only to the high Council of Ministers itself.
1560:
1491:
1236:
1102:
806:
707:
675:
654:
381:
198:
1548:
918:
301:
was released annually with up-to-date articles about the Soviet Union and all countries of the world.
1370:
1259:
1079:
68:
1821:
1762:
312:
Editors and contributors to the GSE included a number of leading Soviet scientists and politicians:
2166:
1888:
1508:. Many outdated articles were entirely rewritten. In 2004 the first volume of the newly overhauled
963:
The third edition was translated and published into English in 31 volumes between 1974 and 1983 by
913:
671:
499:
443:
2079:
816:
596:
166:
2147:
1624:
1988:
1473:
648:
592:
574:
357:
231:
190:
from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later
964:
247:
8:
855:
773:
723:
612:
568:
548:
532:
528:
518:
484:
453:
439:
349:
332:
291:
251:
1809:
1750:
1500:
was suspended in 1990 and halted in 1991, but in 2002 it was reinstituted by decree of
968:
797:
753:
630:
564:
552:
544:
536:
514:
494:
392:
317:
259:
2012:
1896:
1869:
1842:
1541:
883:
871:
867:
763:
719:
699:
636:
602:
479:
223:
93:
2032:
1939:
1477:
859:
843:
812:
695:
607:
504:
468:
409:
403:
367:
1995:
1949:
1923:
1464:
1444:
802:
783:
626:
429:
377:
361:
1501:
879:
863:
749:
474:
459:
424:
283:
243:
239:
2137:
2160:
1917:
Russia: Putin-Decreed ‘Great Russian’ Encyclopedia Debuts At Moscow Book Fair
644:
640:
622:
616:
586:
582:
508:
414:
397:
372:
327:
1916:
1835:
Fritze, Ronald H.; Coutts, Brian E.; Vyhnanek, Louis Andrew (May 31, 2004).
1792:
1732:
729:
683:
663:
449:
387:
279:
275:
250:
to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was
215:
187:
183:
1703:
1683:
From extensive discussions with the editors of the second edition of the
757:
556:
540:
489:
464:
434:
341:
321:
263:
100:
1527:. The encyclopedia is now found in libraries and schools throughout the
1512:
was published. The complete edition of 36 volumes was released by 2017.
1861:
1585:
1460:
679:
659:
578:
560:
255:
875:
777:
2009:
Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification
952:
791:
787:
743:
687:
985:
667:
1938:
O. Lawrence Burnette Jr. and William Converse Haygood (Eds.),
1416:
knowledge and understanding of the USSR. A major value of the
967:. Each volume was translated separately, requiring use of the
1780:
Great Soviet Encyclopedia: A Translation of the Third Edition
767:
522:
345:
94:
2075:
1448:
222:. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included
2126:
1866:
Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 25
1429:
is a valuable and useful source for Russian history. The
278:) was published during 1926–1947, the chief editor being
111:
2033:"Discriptions of Bucharin in Great Soviet Encyclopedia"
1476:. An article affected in such a fashion was the one on
258:), who had previously been involved with a proposal by
2050:Сергей Кравец: Российская энциклопедия – это и есть мы
1480:, whose descriptions went through several evolutions.
908:
Based on his extensive talks with the editors of the
824:
171:
1834:
1584:(1890–1907) and with 100,000 in the 15th edition of
1838:
Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide
956:Complete set of an English-language version of the
874:; also detailing the history and activities of the
238:, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs),
2053:(in Russian). Evening Moscow. 2014. Archived from
1625:"Beginning of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia issue"
2140:displays results from the English edition of the
882:worldwide and summarizing Marxist scholarship on
651:and the biographies of most Tsars, first edition)
2158:
899:subsequently expanded on the role of education:
912:, to whom he was granted unprecedented access,
1774:
1772:
1663:Указатель жанров > Статья для энциклопедии
1483:
996:
191:
159:
31:
2138:TheFreeDictionary.com's encyclopedia section
922:, wrote the following in observation of the
1582:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
1769:
662:(executed in 1939, author of articles on
299:Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
182:) is the largest Soviet Russian-language
2038:2016-05-23 at the Portuguese Web Archive
1963:"Soviet Encyclopedia Omits Beria's Name"
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
951:
139:
131:
123:
1943:(Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 1964), p. 7.
14:
2159:
1627:. Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library.
1443:Following the arrest and execution of
1051:Biełaruskaja savieckaja encykłapiedyja
692:Conference of the Three Internationals
161:Больша́я сове́тская энциклопе́дия, БСЭ
27:1926–1990 encyclopedia in Soviet Union
1667:
1343:Sibirskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya
214:emerged in 1923 on the initiative of
2011:, Oxford University Press US, 2009,
1525:Government of the Russian Federation
1436:
1387:Uralskaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya
1187:Enciclopedia sovietică moldovenească
1162:Lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija
266:to produce a Workers' Encyclopedia.
2182:Publications disestablished in 1990
2108:Bol'shaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya
1998:” University of Kansas Library 1955
1183:Енчиклопедия советикэ молдовеняскэ
254:, People's Commissar of Education (
193:Boljšaja rossijskaja enciklopjedija
173:Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija
24:
1693:. Associated College Presses. 1959
1028:Ukrajinśka radjanśka encyklopedija
1024:Українська радянська енциклопедія
825:Role and purpose in Soviet society
25:
2218:
2120:
1384:Уральская советская энциклопедия
1340:Сибирская советская энциклопедия
1139:Азәрбајҹан Совет Енсиклопедијасы
1047:Беларуская савецкая энцыклапедыя
2177:Publications established in 1926
1977:– via Google News Archive.
1893:Evaluation of reference services
1864:, Harold Lancour, Jay E. Daily,
1459:(an 18th-century courtier), the
1365:Malaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya
1273:Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան
1254:Entsiklopediya-i sovieti-i tojik
1143:Azərbaycan Sovet Ensiklopediyası
1120:kartuli sabch'ota encik'lop'edia
1057:Byelorussian Soviet Encyclopedia
1010:Transliteration (if applicable)
740:Alexander Sergeevich Serebrovsky
40:
2082:from the original on 2014-01-03
2068:
2041:
2025:
2001:
1981:
1955:
1932:
1928:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1909:
1882:
1855:
1828:
1785:
1714:from the original on 2010-01-30
1631:from the original on 2014-07-25
1319:Eesti nõukogude entsüklopeedia
1277:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
1206:Latvijas padomju enciklopēdija
1149:Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia
942:
2207:Propaganda in the Soviet Union
2187:Russian-language encyclopedias
1794:Большая советская энциклопедия
1725:
1696:
1656:
1642:
1617:
1608:
1590:
1574:
1555:Censorship in the Soviet Union
1170:Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia
876:Russian revolutionary movement
716:German Revolution of 1918–1919
88:30 volumes (hardbound) in 1981
33:Большая советская энциклопедия
13:
1:
1969:. December 2, 1953. p. 8
1687:, editor-in-chief Vvendensky.
1567:
1361:Малая Советская Энциклопедия
1300:Türkmen sowet ensiklopediýasy
1296:Түркмен совет энциклопедиясы
1193:Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia
1116:ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია
1074:Oʻzbek sovet entsiklopediyasi
1034:Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia
704:Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau
18:The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2172:Russian online encyclopedias
1348:Siberian Soviet Encyclopedia
1327:Estonian Soviet Encyclopedia
1283:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1250:Энциклопедияи советии тоҷик
1231:Kyrgyz Sovet Ensıklopedııasy
1227:Кыргыз Совет Энциклопедиясы
1126:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
136:The second edition from 1950
7:
2114:Kister's Best Encyclopedias
1782:. Volume 1. Macmillan, Inc.
1598:"Great Soviet Encyclopedia"
1534:
1521:Russian Academy of Sciences
1396:
1375:
1352:
1331:
1310:
1306:Turkmen Soviet Encyclopedia
1287:
1264:
1241:
1218:
1214:Latvian Soviet Encyclopedia
1197:
1174:
1153:
1130:
1107:
1097:Qazaq sovet ensıklopedııasy
1093:Қазақ совет энциклопедиясы
1084:
1070:Ўзбек совет энциклопедияси
1061:
1038:
269:
228:Institute of Red Professors
220:Russian Academy of Sciences
192:
172:
144:The third edition from 1977
128:The first edition from 1927
80:1926–1981 (printed version)
10:
2223:
2202:20th-century encyclopedias
2097:
1650:"В редакцию БСЭ. Письмо 1"
1561:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1517:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1510:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1506:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1492:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1489:
1485:Great Russian Encyclopedia
1406:
1237:Kyrgyz Soviet Encyclopedia
1103:Kazakh Soviet Encyclopedia
997:Other Soviet encyclopedias
947:
839:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
837:The second edition of the
815:(author of article on the
712:Germany during World War I
307:
205:
199:Great Russian Encyclopedia
2150:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2142:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2128:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2104:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1851:– via Google Books.
1706:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1498:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1383:
1371:Small Soviet Encyclopedia
1360:
1339:
1318:
1295:
1272:
1260:Tajik Soviet Encyclopedia
1249:
1226:
1205:
1182:
1161:
1138:
1115:
1092:
1080:Uzbek Soviet Encyclopedia
1069:
1046:
1023:
958:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
895:The third edition of the
878:, the development of the
742:(co-author of article on
212:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
160:
151:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
106:
92:
84:
74:
69:Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya
64:
56:
48:
39:
32:
2049:
2007:John T. Jost, Aaron C.,
1392:Ural Soviet Encyclopedia
975:
672:Bavarian Soviet Republic
500:Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii
444:Galicia (Eastern Europe)
297:From 1957 to 1990, the
1895:, Haworth Press, 1984,
1549:Encyclopædia Britannica
1379:1928—1960 (3 editions)
919:Encyclopædia Britannica
817:Moscow uprising of 1905
786:(author of articles on
752:(author of articles on
639:(author of articles on
625:(author of articles on
597:dialectical materialism
577:(author of articles on
531:(author of articles on
517:(author of articles on
340:(author of articles on
2197:National encyclopedias
1915:Sophie Lambroschini, “
1778:Publishers' Foreword,
960:
940:
906:
893:
848:
805:(author of article on
776:(author of article on
766:(author of article on
676:Berlin–Baghdad railway
615:(author of article on
595:(author of article on
507:(author of article on
467:(author of article on
452:(author of article on
442:(author of article on
417:(author of article on
380:(author of article on
320:(author of article on
145:
137:
129:
1691:This Is The Challenge
1602:TheFreeDictionary.com
1002:Soviet encyclopedias
955:
931:
901:
888:
835:
756:, first edition, and
593:Mark Borisovich Mitin
575:Nikolai Meshcheryakov
232:Nikolai Meshcheryakov
143:
135:
127:
2192:Soviet encyclopedias
1523:, and funded by the
1397:1 (planned — ?)
965:Macmillan Publishers
850:The foreword to the
842:world. Operating on
248:Konstantin Kuzminsky
246:(mathematician) and
234:(Former head of the
2021:Google Print, p.465
1905:Google Print, p.308
1878:Google Print, p.171
1704:"Editors Foreword,
1519:is overseen by the
1515:Publication of the
1496:Publication of the
1413:Soviet Encyclopedia
1003:
916:, publisher of the
856:nuclear engineering
724:Paul von Hindenburg
613:Valerian Pereverzev
529:Anatoly Lunacharsky
485:Gleb Krzhizhanovsky
454:Heinrich von Kleist
333:Victor Ambartsumian
292:Alexander Prokhorov
252:Anatoly Lunacharsky
186:, published in the
36:
1994:2007-03-07 at the
1948:2011-06-04 at the
1922:2007-12-05 at the
1891:, Ruth A. Fraley,
1447:, the head of the
1001:
961:
798:Kliment Voroshilov
754:History of Germany
708:Emperor Wilhelm II
631:Wilhelm Liebknecht
495:Valerian Kuybyshev
440:Mikhail Grushevsky
406:(executed in 1938)
400:(executed in 1938)
393:Nikolay Bogolyubov
318:Georgy Aleksandrov
260:Alexander Bogdanov
218:, a member of the
146:
138:
130:
30:
2148:Beginning of the
2112:Kister, Kenneth.
2031:Ludwik Kowalski,
1868:CRC Press, 1978,
1542:Damnatio memoriae
1438:Damnatio memoriae
1425:believe that the
1404:
1403:
982:Giannis Giannikos
884:political economy
872:radio electronics
868:polymer chemistry
764:Ivan Sollertinsky
720:Rudolf Hilferding
700:Otto von Bismarck
637:Mikhail Pokrovsky
603:Vladimir Obruchev
480:Andrei Kolmogorov
286:(until 1951) and
226:, (rector of the
224:Mikhail Pokrovsky
170:
122:
121:
16:(Redirected from
2214:
2134:
2116:. 2nd ed. (1994)
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2045:
2039:
2029:
2023:
2005:
1999:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1913:
1907:
1886:
1880:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1680:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1652:. 29 March 1929.
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1478:Nikolai Bukharin
1004:
1000:
928:
860:space technology
844:Marxist-Leninist
819:, first edition)
813:Grigory Zinoviev
809:, first edition)
794:, first edition)
780:, first edition)
770:, first edition)
760:, third edition)
746:, first edition)
735:Nikolai Semashko
726:, first edition)
696:Eduard Bernstein
633:, first edition)
619:, first edition)
608:Aleksandr Oparin
599:, first edition)
589:, first edition)
571:, first edition)
525:, first edition)
511:, first edition)
505:Solomon Lozovsky
471:, first edition)
456:, first edition)
446:, first edition)
421:, first edition)
410:Nikolai Burdenko
404:Nikolai Bukharin
384:, first edition)
368:Nikolai Baibakov
364:, first edition)
324:, first edition)
210:The idea of the
195:
175:
165:
163:
162:
118:
115:
113:
96:
76:Publication date
44:
37:
35:
34:
29:
21:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2211:
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1734:Образование
1689:Benton, W.
758:Catholicism
569:Hausenstein
557:Bohemianism
553:Hasenclever
537:Dostoyevsky
533:Shakespeare
490:Nikolay Kun
465:Lev Kamenev
435:Igor Grabar
342:metaphysics
322:materialism
264:Maxim Gorky
2161:Categories
2086:2014-01-07
2061:2014-05-02
1862:Allen Kent
1718:2010-03-25
1635:2013-02-20
1586:Britannica
1568:References
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680:Otto Bauer
660:Karl Radek
579:Bolsheviks
256:Narkompros
2076:"Главная"
1973:April 23,
1820:ignored (
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1761:ignored (
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778:democracy
565:Garibaldi
519:Nietzsche
167:romanized
65:Publisher
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1535:See also
1016:Volumes
792:eugenics
788:genetics
744:genetics
545:Belinsky
362:Spengler
270:Editions
242:(poet),
114:.sci-lib
101:14476314
49:Language
2098:Sources
1800:22 June
1741:22 June
1407:Content
948:English
688:Belgium
649:Entente
308:Editors
206:Origins
107:Website
60:General
57:Subject
52:Russian
2130:online
2015:
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1463:, and
1019:Dates
986:Greece
870:, and
668:Africa
549:Hamann
469:Herzen
382:Goethe
236:Glavit
2152:issue
1400:1933
976:Greek
969:index
927:'
768:drama
617:Gogol
541:Gorky
523:novel
419:Hegel
346:Plato
2013:ISBN
1975:2017
1897:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1822:help
1802:2020
1763:help
1743:2020
1449:NKVD
1411:The
790:and
722:and
629:and
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360:and
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148:The
116:.com
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