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1131:. He explains that every component of the poem is based on logic: the raven enters the chamber to avoid a storm (the "midnight dreary" in the "bleak December"), and its perch on a pallid white bust was to create visual contrast against the dark black bird. No aspect of the poem was an accident, he claims, but is based on total control by the author. Even the term "Nevermore", he says, is used because of the effect created by the long vowel sounds (though Poe may have been inspired to use the word by the works of
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467:"The Raven" follows an unnamed narrator on a dreary night in December who sits reading "forgotten lore" by the remains of a fire as a way to forget the death of his beloved Lenore. A "tapping at chamber door" reveals nothing, but excites his soul to "burning". The tapping is repeated, slightly louder, and he realizes it is coming from his window. When he goes to investigate, a raven flutters into his chamber. Paying no attention to the man, the raven perches on a
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self-deprecating and further incite his feelings of loss. Poe leaves it unclear whether the raven actually knows what it is saying or whether it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator. The narrator begins as "weak and weary", becomes regretful and grief-stricken, before passing into a frenzy and, finally, madness. Christopher F. S. Maligec suggests the poem is a type of
1151:". The topic itself, Poe says, was chosen because "the death... of a beautiful woman is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world." Told from "the lips ... of a bereaved lover" is best suited to achieve the desired effect. Beyond the poetics of it, the lost Lenore may have been inspired by events in Poe's own life as well, either to the early loss of his mother,
1159:. Ultimately, Poe considered "The Raven" an experiment to "suit at once the popular and critical taste", accessible to both the mainstream and high literary worlds. It is unknown how long Poe worked on "The Raven"; speculation ranges from a single day to ten years. Poe recited a poem believed to be an early version with an alternate ending of "The Raven" in 1843 in
579:. This is also emphasized in the author's choice to set the poem in December, a month which is traditionally associated with the forces of darkness. The use of the ravenâthe "devil bird"âalso suggests this. This devil image is emphasized by the narrator's belief that the raven is "from the Night's Plutonian shore", or a messenger from the afterlife, referring to
974:, introduced it as "unsurpassed in English poetry for subtle conception, masterly ingenuity of versification, and consistent, sustaining of imaginative lift ... It will stick to the memory of everybody who reads it." Following this publication the poem appeared in periodicals across the United States, including the
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wrote in July 1848 that the poem was ruined by "a wild and unbridled extravagance" and that minor things like a tapping at the door and a fluttering curtain would only affect "a child who had been frightened to the verge of idiocy by terrible ghost stories". An anonymous writer going by the pseudonym
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In the summer of 1844, when the poem was likely written, Poe, his wife, and mother-in-law were boarding at the farmhouse of
Patrick Brennan. The location of the house, which was demolished in 1888, has been a disputed point and, while there are two different plaques marking its supposed location on
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between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss. The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely
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Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it. He thinks for a moment in silence, and his mind wanders back to his lost Lenore. He thinks the air grows denser and feels the presence of angels, and wonders if God is sending him a sign that he
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Amused by the raven's comically serious disposition, the man asks that the bird tell him its name. The raven's only answer is "Nevermore". The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk, though at this point it has said nothing further. The narrator remarks to himself that his "friend" the raven
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reprinted it with the heading "A Beautiful Poem". Elizabeth
Barrett wrote to Poe, "Your 'Raven' has produced a sensation, a fit o' horror, here in England. Some of my friends are taken by the fear of it and some by the music. I hear of persons haunted by 'Nevermore'." Poe's popularity resulted in
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and said that "her poetic inspiration is the highestâwe can conceive of nothing more august. Her sense of Art is pure in itself." As is typical with Poe, his review also criticizes her lack of originality and what he considers the repetitive nature of some of her poetry. About "Lady
Geraldine's
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will soon fly out of his life, just as "other friends have flown before" along with his previous hopes. As if answering, the raven responds again with "Nevermore". The narrator reasons that the bird learned the word "Nevermore" from some "unhappy master" and that it is the only word it knows.
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Poe chose a raven as the central symbol in the story because he wanted a "non-reasoning" creature capable of speech. He decided on a raven, which he considered "equally capable of speech" as a parrot, because it matched the intended tone of the poem. Poe said the raven is meant to symbolize
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on
November 19 by Wiley and Putnam which included a dedication to Barrett as "the Noblest of her Sex". The small volume, his first book of poetry in 14 years, was 100 pages and sold for 31 cents. In addition to the title poem, it included "The Valley of Unrest", "Bridal Ballad",
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In part due to its dual printing, "The Raven" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity. Readers began to identify poem with poet, earning Poe the nickname "The Raven". The poem was soon widely reprinted, imitated, and
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Parodies sprung up especially in Boston, New York, and
Philadelphia and included "The Craven" by "Poh!", "The Gazelle", "The Whippoorwill", and "The Turkey". One parody, "The Pole-Cat", caught the attention of Andrew Johnston, a lawyer who sent it on to
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shore"âbut it does not move. At the time of the poem's narration, the raven "still is sitting" on the bust of Pallas. The raven casts a shadow on the chamber floor and the despondent narrator laments that out of this shadow his soul shall be "lifted
617:'Tis someone knocking softly at the shutter." Dickens's raven could speak many words and had many comic turns, including the popping of a champagne cork, but Poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities. Poe had written a review of
1188:. Though it made Poe popular in his day, it did not bring him significant financial success. As he later lamented, "I have made no money. I am as poor now as ever I was in my lifeâexcept in hope, which is by no means bankable".
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487:". Finally, he asks the raven whether he will be reunited with Lenore in Heaven. When the raven responds with its typical "Nevermore", he is enraged, and, calling the bird a liar, commands it to return to the "
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613:. One scene in particular bears a resemblance to "The Raven": at the end of the fifth chapter of Dickens's novel, Grip makes a noise and someone says, "What was thatâhim tapping at the door?" The response is,
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Poe claimed to have written the poem logically and methodically, with the intention to create a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes, as he explained in his 1846 follow-up essay, "
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719:(8:22) in the Bible: "Is there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there? why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered?" In that context, the Balm of Gilead is a
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is to forget Lenore. The bird again replies in the negative, suggesting that he can never be free of his memories. The narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a "thing of evil" and a "
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in
Philadelphia. Graham declined the poem, which may not have been in its final version, though he gave Poe $ 15 (equivalent to $ 491 in 2023) as charity. Poe then sold the poem to
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team, was inspired by the poem. Chosen in a fan contest that drew 33,288 voters, the allusion honors Poe, who spent the early part of his career in
Baltimore and is buried there.
958:, which paid him $ 9 (equivalent to $ 294 in 2023) for it, and printed "The Raven" in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym "Quarles", a reference to the English poet
690:. It learns that the floodwaters are beginning to dissipate, but it does not immediately return with the news. It is punished by being turned black and being forced to feed on
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Gustave DorĂ©'s illustration of the final lines of the poem accompanies the phrase "And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor/Shall be liftedânevermore!"
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said "The Raven" was plagiarized from one of his poems. In particular, he claimed to have been the inspiration for the meter of the poem as well as the refrain "nevermore".
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1127:" (1846), in which he detailed the poem's creation. His description of its writing is probably exaggerated, though the essay serves as an important overview of Poe's
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Later publications of "The Raven" included artwork by well-known illustrators. Notably, in 1858 "The Raven" appeared in a
British Poe anthology with illustrations by
897:. In every stanza, the "B" lines rhyme with the word "nevermore" and are catalectic, placing extra emphasis on the final syllable. The poem also makes heavy use of
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punishes it by turning it black for delivering a message of a lover's unfaithfulness. The raven's role as a messenger in Poe's poem may draw from those stories.
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1214:. Though Lincoln admitted he had "several hearty laughs", he had not, at that point read "The Raven". However, Lincoln eventually read and memorized the poem.
1036:" and eleven others. In the preface, Poe referred to them as "trifles" which had been altered without his permission as they made "the rounds of the press".
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from a poem called "The Bird of the Dream" by an unnamed author. The writer, who wrote the article as a response to Poe's accusations of plagiarism against
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on
January 29, 1845. Its publication made Poe popular in his lifetime, although it did not bring him much financial success. The poem was soon reprinted,
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He is reading in the late night hours from "many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore". Similar to the studies suggested in Poe's short story "
178:, and illustrated. Critical opinion is divided as to the poem's literary status, but it nevertheless remains one of the most famous poems ever written.
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Courtship", he said "I have never read a poem combining so much of the fiercest passion with so much of the most delicate imagination."
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saying, among other things, that the raven should have served a more symbolic, prophetic purpose. The similarity did not go unnoticed:
524:, an ancient Greek and Roman poetic form consisting of the lament of an excluded, locked-out lover at the sealed door of his beloved.
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in 1884 (New York: Harper & Brothers). Doré died before its publication. In 1875, a French edition with
English and French text,
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used for medicinal purposes (suggesting, perhaps, that the narrator needs to be healed after the loss of Lenore). In 1 Kings 17:1â5
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564:". It is also suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom.
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suggested that the poem's structure and meter is so formulaic that it is artificial, though its mesmeric quality overrides that.
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has on display a taxidermied raven that is reputed to be the very one that Dickens owned and that helped inspire Poe's poem.
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said, "Everyone reads the Poem and praises it ... justly, we think, for it seems to us full of originality and power."
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Scholnick, Robert J. "In Defense of Beauty: Stedman and the Recognition of Poe in America, 1880â1910", collected in
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invitations to recite "The Raven" and to lectureâin public and at private social gatherings. At one literary
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in June 1845; it was his first book in five years. They also published a collection of his poetry called
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281: 'Tis the wind and nothing more!"
255: Darkness there and nothing more.
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333: Then the bird said "Nevermore."
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poem "Lady Geraldine's Courtship". Poe had reviewed Barrett's work in the January 1845 issue of the
424: Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."
411: Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."
398: Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."
385: Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."
307: Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."
207: Only this and nothing more."
108:. The lover, often identified as a student, is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a
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32:"The Raven" depicts a mysterious raven's midnight visit to a mourning narrator, as illustrated by
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1953:, edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 1990. p. 262.
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Lanford, Michael (2011). "Ravel and 'The Raven': The Realisation of an Inherited Aesthetic in
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Ostrom, John Ward. "Edgar A. Poe: His Income as Literary Entrepreneur", collected in
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Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume
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Mantel from the Brennan Farmhouse, known as the Raven Mantel, at Columbia University
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The mantel of the room in which Poe penned "The Raven" was removed and donated to
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2401:, literary translations by György Faludy at the website of PetĆfi Literary Museum
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Maligec, Christopher F. S. (2009). "'The Raven' as an Elegiac Paraclausithyron".
1473:"Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore â Works â Poems â The Raven"
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Poe capitalized on the success of "The Raven" by following it up with his essay "
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atmosphere. It tells of a distraught lover who is paid a mysterious visit by a
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Poe based the structure of "The Raven" on the complicated rhyme and rhythm of
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before the demolition of the Brennan Farmhouse. It currently resides at the
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379:"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent theeâby these angels he hath sent thee
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was created from a revision of this article dated 6 December 2014
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West 84th Street, it most likely stood where 206 West 84th Street is now.
414:"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstartingâ
301:"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
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Poe's Literary Battles: The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu
1723:, Harold Bloom, ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 20
1539:, Harold Bloom, ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 21
901:("Doubting, dreaming dreams ..."). Twentieth-century American poet
560:. Though this is not explicitly stated in the poem, it is mentioned in "
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Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
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Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
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This article is about the poem by Edgar Allan Poe. For other uses, see
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may have been deeply influenced by "The Philosophy of Composition".
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And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
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Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!"
2910:â A collection of 19th century parodies and pastiches of "The Raven"
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The Raven. With Literary and Historical Commentary by John H. Ingram
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Poe may also have been drawing upon various references to ravens in
388:"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!âprophet still, if bird or devil!â
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Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
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Till I scarcely more than muttered "Other friends have flown beforeâ
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1971:"Digital Gallery for Ădouard Manet illustrations â Le corbeau"
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401:"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!âprophet still, if bird or devil!
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Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
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Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
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avec illustrations par Ădouard Manet. From the Collections at the
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What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
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Works originally published in The American Review: A Whig Journal
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Hirsch, David H. "The Raven and the Nightingale" as collected in
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Granger, Byrd Howell. "Marginalia â Devil Lore in 'The Raven
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And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
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Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
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Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
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But whose velvet-violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o'er,
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Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden boreâ
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Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
275:"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
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That I scarce was sure I heard you"âhere I opened wide the door;â
139:". The poem was inspired in part by a talking raven in the novel
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Poe first brought "The Raven" to his friend and former employer
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And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
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And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,
416:"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!
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Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"
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On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er,
338:"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store
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Nothing farther then he utteredânot a feather then he flutteredâ
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Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!"
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Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shoreâ
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This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!"â
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And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore?"
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So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
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Forsythe, Robert. "Poe's 'Nevermore': A Note", as collected in
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Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
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Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
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On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before."
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Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
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Thrilled meâfilled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
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And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
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639:/ Three-fifths of him genius and two-fifths sheer fudge." The
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Is thereâis there balm in Gilead?âtell meâtell me, I implore!"
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That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
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Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
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But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber doorâ
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But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
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But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
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And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
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While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
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Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
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The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809â1849
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Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore."
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By that Heaven that bends above usâby that God we both adoreâ
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To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
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Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber doorâ
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In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore;
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Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
2896:â Essay on the symbols, words and composition of "The Raven"
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It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenoreâ
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This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
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But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
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Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery exploreâ
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And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
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For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenoreâ
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From my books surcease of sorrowâsorrow for the lost Lenoreâ
205:'Tis some visiter," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber doorâ
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The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe: With Original Memoir
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683:
671:
247:"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
245:
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
2038:âthe same illustration with a chrome-plated brass cylinder
1475:. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. December 28, 2007.
1056:'s translation, depicting the first two lines of the poem.
962:. The poem's first publication with Poe's name was in the
420:
Leave my loneliness unbroken!âquit the bust above my door!
392:
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchantedâ
381:
Respiteârespite and nepenthe, from thy memories of Lenore;
362:
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
355:
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yoreâ
336:
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
299:
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
240:
Some late visiter entreating entrance at my chamber door;â
220:
Eagerly I wished the morrow;âvainly I had sought to borrow
200:
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
2925:
illustrated by Gustave Doré. From the Collections at the
2555:
Adams, John F. "Classical Raven Lore and Poe's Raven" in
1680:
353:
Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
297:
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
292:
Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber doorâ
279:
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;â
273:
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
238:'Tis some visiter entreating entrance at my chamber doorâ
1304:"The Raven" has influenced many modern works, including
429:
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
394:
On this home by Horror hauntedâtell me truly, I imploreâ
349:
But the Raven still beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
340:
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
196:
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten loreâ
168:"The Raven" was first attributed to Poe in print in the
2879:â Full text of the final authorized printing, from the
2376:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. p. 182.
2198:
White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010).
504:
Poe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentional
344:
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
312:
Though its answer little meaningâlittle relevancy bore;
216:
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
2528:"After a Part in Poe's 'Raven,' the Dust of Obscurity"
1880:. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. April 27, 2007
1288:
wrote its paraphrasis from the raven's point of view.
635:
wrote the verse, "Here comes Poe with his raven, like
314:
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
1163:, New York. An early draft may have featured an owl.
686:
sends a white raven to check conditions while on the
2197:
1261:, if not Poe himself. After Poe's death, his friend
871:
Poe, however, claimed the poem was a combination of
2716:
Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance
2526:Waldman, Benjamin; Newman, Andy (August 10, 2012).
157:poem "Lady Geraldine's Courtship", and made use of
1719:Cornelius, Kay. "Biography of Edgar Allan Poe" in
1535:Cornelius, Kay. "Biography of Edgar Allan Poe" in
1143:sound throughout many other poems: "no more" in "
893:is ABCBBB, or AA,B,CC,CB,B,B when accounting for
4075:
2576:" from Poe Studies vol. V, no. 2, December 1972
678:, representing thought and memory. According to
3800:The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
2244:
2242:
3700:The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether
3005:Readings of 'The Raven' in different languages
2760:. New York: Broadway Publishing Company, 1907.
1655:
1653:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1236:said, "I see nothing in it." A critic for the
1011:to publish a collection of Poe's prose called
1007:The immediate success of "The Raven" prompted
3483:The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall
3283:
3045:
2525:
1918:
1916:
1556:
1554:
1552:
3686:The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade
2858:â Full text of the first printing, from the
2746:. New York: G. K. Hall & Company, 1987.
2658:. New York City: Cooper Square Press, 1992.
2584:Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu
2239:
2223:
2221:
2136:
2134:
1951:Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu
1906:
1904:
1827:
1825:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1442:
1440:
1438:
606:Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty
142:Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty
2702:Edgar Allan Poe: Complete Tales & Poems
1650:
1449:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1155:, or the long illness endured by his wife,
966:on January 29, 1845, as an "advance copy".
743:of six lines each. Generally, the meter is
650:Rendition of "The Raven" as illustrated by
4129:Works involved in plagiarism controversies
3290:
3276:
3052:
3038:
2704:. Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books, 2002.
2620:The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe
2304:Abraham Lincoln: his speeches and writings
1913:
1634:
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1549:
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1518:
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1502:
1500:
1498:
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1486:
1484:
1482:
1217:"The Raven" was praised by fellow writers
2218:
2131:
2110:
1973:. New York Public Library Digital Gallery
1901:
1822:
1759:
1435:
1338:, and it has been suggested that Ravel's
2814:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
2797:
2732:. New York City: Checkmark Books, 2001.
2204:. Oxford University Press. p. 383.
2111:Hemstreet, William (December 21, 1907).
2010:âAnamorphic illustration for "The Raven"
1403:
1295:
1174:
1043:
926:
645:
531:
450:
27:
1625:
1596:
1513:
1495:
1479:
4104:Literary characters introduced in 1845
4076:
3532:The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion
2622:, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. New York:
2306:. New York: Da Capo Press, 2001: 185.
2141:Wolfe, Theodore F. (January 4, 1908).
1139:). Poe had experimented with the long
922:
704:, a raven also begins as white before
556:Poe says that the narrator is a young
16:1845 narrative poem by Edgar Allan Poe
4043:Edgar Allan Poe: Once Upon a Midnight
3271:
3205:Edgar Allan Poe: Once Upon a Midnight
3033:
2847:An omnibus collection of Poe's poetry
2742:Thomas, Dwight and David K. Jackson.
2690:. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998.
2374:Ante-Bellum Southern Literary Critics
2368:
2140:
1741:"Poe's Raven Stuffed at Free Library"
1721:Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe
1537:Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe
1170:
597:Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance
3835:Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
3707:The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar
2718:. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.
2656:Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy
3297:
2389:in the Hungarian Electronic Library
2380:
734:
149:. Poe based the complex rhythm and
13:
3993:Tales of Mystery & Imagination
2784:
2674:Southern Illinois University Press
2640:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926.
2638:Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius
2302:Basler, Roy P. and Carl Sandberg.
2024:. Gallery Diabolus. Archived from
1996:. Gallery Diabolus. Archived from
1364:Rare Book & Manuscript Library
459:made he" (7:3), as illustrated by
42:
14:
4150:
4139:Works published under a pseudonym
4089:Books illustrated by John Tenniel
3182:" (The Alan Parsons Project song)
2765:
2143:"Poe's Life at the Brennan House"
2047:
2019:
1991:
3942:Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum
3013:
2796:
2602:Louisiana State University Press
2559:. Vol. V, no. 2, December 1972.
2052:. Ingram Gallery. Archived from
1611:10.1111/j.1947-4697.2009.00015.x
76:Problems playing this file? See
58:
3907:Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe (wife)
2999:Reading of 'The Raven' and text
2519:
2498:"Baltimore Ravens Team History"
2490:
2460:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2404:
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2335:
2326:
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2251:
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2191:
2161:
2113:""Raven" Mantel is in Brooklyn"
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
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2013:
1985:
1963:
1943:
1934:
1925:
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1870:
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1671:
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1590:
1581:
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1039:
751:marking stressed syllables and
536:The raven perches on a bust of
3927:Rosalie Mackenzie Poe (sister)
3637:A Tale of the Ragged Mountains
3518:The Fall of the House of Usher
3241:"The Raven" in popular culture
2914:
1878:"The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe"
1529:
1465:
1380:Allusions to Poe's "The Raven"
1112:
1000:, 16 (July 25, 1846), and the
759:Syllabic structure of a verse
571:", this lore may be about the
1:
3873:The Conchologist's First Book
3767:The Philosophy of Composition
3567:Never Bet the Devil Your Head
3553:The Murders in the Rue Morgue
3001:by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
2933:Le Corbeau = The Raven: Poëme
2887:
2881:Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner
2548:
2399:Test és lélek 'Body and Soul'
2050:"Illustrations by Ryan Price"
1385:Cultural depictions of ravens
1225:, though it was denounced by
1125:The Philosophy of Composition
1119:The Philosophy of Composition
562:The Philosophy of Composition
137:The Philosophy of Composition
68:Dramatised recording 7min 52s
4027:The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe
3808:The Journal of Julius Rodman
3560:A Descent into the Maelström
2960:illustrated by Ădouard Manet
986:(vol. 1, February 8, 1845),
641:Free Library of Philadelphia
527:
7:
3922:William Henry Poe (brother)
3753:The Philosophy of Furniture
3588:The Masque of the Red Death
3023:public domain audiobook at
2980:illustrated by Gustave Doré
2598:Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe
2387:Selected Works of E. A. Poe
1801:Kopley & Hayes, 192â193
1373:
989:Southern Literary Messenger
674:possessed two ravens named
599:". He was also inspired by
499:
181:
36:(1875), digitally restored.
10:
4155:
3760:Morning on the Wissahiccon
3595:The Mystery of Marie RogĂȘt
2624:Cambridge University Press
2201:AIA Guide to New York City
1255:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1137:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1116:
739:The poem is made up of 18
21:The Raven (disambiguation)
18:
4124:Poetry by Edgar Allan Poe
4002:
3899:
3864:
3845:
3827:Tamerlane and Other Poems
3818:
3791:
3737:
3432:
3314:
3305:
3249:
3196:
3189:" (Five Iron Frenzy song)
3187:That's How the Story Ends
3163:
3131:
3072:
2904:. London G. Redway. 1885.
2688:Edgar Allan Poe Revisited
2683:Vol. 5, no. 1. June 1982.
2506:Pro Football Hall of Fame
2476:Pro Football Hall of Fame
2341:Thomas & Jackson, 739
2293:Thomas & Jackson, 635
1910:Thomas & Jackson, 591
1819:Thomas & Jackson, 485
1393:", an earlier poem by Poe
1291:
1243:"Outis" suggested in the
1239:Southern Quarterly Review
1198:The Pennsylvania Inquirer
1017:The Raven and Other Poems
996:(vol. 2, December 1845),
932:The Raven and Other Poems
120:". The poem makes use of
4119:Poems adapted into films
3602:The Pit and the Pendulum
3511:The Man That Was Used Up
2992:
2169:"Edgar Allan Poe Street"
2022:"The poet in the mirror"
1994:"The poet in the mirror"
1397:
1366:, on the sixth floor of
3714:The Cask of Amontillado
3693:The Imp of the Perverse
3679:Some Words with a Mummy
3504:The Devil in the Belfry
2840:
2730:Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z
2422:Kopley & Hayes, 196
1695:palimpsest.stanford.edu
1560:Kopley & Hayes, 194
1446:Kopley & Hayes, 192
1328:The Parrot Who Met Papa
1259:Cornelius Conway Felton
1094:and translation by the
1004:(September 25, 1849).
992:(vol. 11, March 1845),
968:Nathaniel Parker Willis
171:New York Evening Mirror
3947:National Historic Site
3917:David Poe Jr. (father)
3746:Maelzel's Chess Player
3402:A Dream Within a Dream
2792:
2772:Listen to this article
2649:Cambridge Quarterly 40
2448:. NFL Enterprises, LLC
1301:
1180:
1057:
939:
655:
553:
464:
442:
47:
37:
3462:MS. Found in a Bottle
3448:The Duc de L'Omelette
3113:Evil Calls: The Raven
2791:
2756:Weiss, Susan Archer.
2636:Krutch, Joseph Wood.
2567:American Literature 7
2468:"Franchise nicknames"
2056:on September 28, 2007
2028:on September 27, 2007
2000:on September 27, 2007
1745:Philadelphia Magazine
1299:
1263:Thomas Holley Chivers
1249:that "The Raven" was
1219:William Gilmore Simms
1178:
1086:, was published with
1047:
930:
755:marking unstressed):
715:, a reference to the
649:
535:
454:
190:
46:
31:
4035:The Man with a Cloak
3781:Eureka: A Prose Poem
3774:The Poetic Principle
3672:The Purloined Letter
3658:The Angel of the Odd
3644:The Premature Burial
3546:The Man of the Crowd
2823:More spoken articles
2758:The Home Life of Poe
2714:Silverman, Kenneth.
1701:on February 23, 2008
1227:William Butler Yeats
980:(February 4, 1845),
627:James Russell Lowell
3975:film and television
3609:The Tell-Tale Heart
3353:The City in the Sea
3213:Treehouse of Horror
3147:The Blessed Damozel
2943:Illustrations from
2938:Library of Congress
2927:Library of Congress
2446:BaltimoreRavens.com
2370:Parks, Edd Winfield
1691:"Cremains / Ravens"
1360:Columbia University
1234:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1067:Alice in Wonderland
1048:An illustration by
1022:The City in the Sea
955:The American Review
923:Publication history
910:Elizabeth Barrett's
760:
727:is said to be from
632:A Fable for Critics
155:Elizabeth Barrett's
93:by American writer
3970:In popular culture
3912:Eliza Poe (mother)
3367:The Conqueror Worm
3360:The Haunted Palace
2908:Quaint and Curious
2793:
2700:Poe, Edgar Allan.
2502:ProFootballHOF.com
2472:ProFootballHOF.com
2147:The New York Times
2117:The New York Times
2083:Silverman, 295â296
1747:. October 31, 2011
1332:Charles Baudelaire
1302:
1181:
1171:Critical reception
1149:The Conqueror Worm
1147:", "evermore" in "
1109:, and Ryan Price.
1058:
1034:The Haunted Palace
1030:The Conqueror Worm
940:
758:
745:trochaic octameter
656:
554:
465:
48:
38:
4114:Poems about birds
4069:
4068:
4059:The Pale Blue Eye
3581:The Oval Portrait
3339:Sonnet to Science
3265:
3264:
3223:(painting series)
2986:Project Gutenberg
2966:Project Gutenberg
2789:
2654:Meyers, Jeffrey.
2596:Hoffman, Daniel.
2478:. January 1, 2005
2442:"Naming the Team"
2431:Lanford, 243â265.
2092:Forsythe, 439â452
1353:American football
1351:, a professional
1274:DezsĆ KosztolĂĄnyi
1231:Transcendentalist
1099:Stéphane Mallarmé
1002:Richmond Examiner
994:Literary Emporium
949:Graham's Magazine
944:George Rex Graham
869:
868:
711:Poe mentions the
676:Huginn and Muninn
623:Graham's Magazine
546:Stéphane Mallarmé
514:perverse conflict
128:, religious, and
63:
4146:
4094:Fictional ravens
3881:The Balloon-Hoax
3665:Thou Art the Man
3539:The Business Man
3292:
3285:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3175:(Lou Reed album)
3054:
3047:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3009:Internet Archive
2988:
2968:
2870:Internet Archive
2813:
2811:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2686:Peeples, Scott.
2668:Moss, Sidney P.
2618:", collected in
2617:
2578:Available online
2575:
2561:Available online
2543:
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2237:
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2195:
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2188:
2186:
2184:
2175:. Archived from
2165:
2159:
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2156:
2154:
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2129:
2128:
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2108:
2102:
2099:
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1754:
1752:
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1711:
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1708:
1706:
1697:. Archived from
1687:
1678:
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1660:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1639:
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1433:
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1415:
1412:
1349:Baltimore Ravens
1347:The name of the
1306:Vladimir Nabokov
1009:Wiley and Putnam
998:Saturday Courier
983:Broadway Journal
977:New York Tribune
970:, editor of the
938:, New York, 1845
936:Wiley and Putnam
915:Broadway Journal
889:catalectic. The
761:
757:
735:Poetic structure
717:Book of Jeremiah
616:
548:'s translation,
522:paraclausithyron
495:
475:above the door.
446:
445:âEdgar Allan Poe
237:
204:
65:
64:
45:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4109:Narrative poems
4074:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4011:Edgar Allen Poe
3998:
3895:
3889:The Light-House
3860:
3841:
3814:
3787:
3733:
3428:
3310:
3301:
3299:Edgar Allan Poe
3296:
3266:
3261:
3245:
3192:
3159:
3154:Cadaeic Cadenza
3127:
3068:
3061:Edgar Allan Poe
3058:
3014:
2995:
2973:
2953:
2917:
2894:The Poe Decoder
2890:
2860:American Review
2851:Standard Ebooks
2843:
2831:Edgar Allan Poe
2827:
2826:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2804:This audio file
2801:
2794:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2615:
2600:. Baton Rouge:
2573:
2569:. January 1936.
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2179:on May 18, 2018
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2031:
2029:
2020:Orosz, IstvĂĄn.
2018:
2014:
2003:
2001:
1992:Orosz, IstvĂĄn.
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1294:
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1223:Margaret Fuller
1212:Abraham Lincoln
1173:
1129:literary theory
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960:Francis Quarles
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668:Norse mythology
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603:, the raven in
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3721:Loss of Breath
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3651:The Oblong Box
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3630:The Spectacles
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2766:External links
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2728:Sova, Dawn B.
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2211:978-0195383867
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2173:Manhattan Past
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1791:1 Kings 17:1â5
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1587:Hoffman, 73â74
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1322:" in 1963 and
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1246:Evening Mirror
1172:
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1117:Main article:
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964:Evening Mirror
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903:Daniel Hoffman
895:internal rhyme
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3497:A Predicament
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2651:(3), 243â265.
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3798:
3779:
3616:The Gold-Bug
3387:
3308:Bibliography
3257:Grip (raven)
3233:
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2413:('The Poet')
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2236:Peeples, 133
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2177:the original
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2088:
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2070:
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2054:the original
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2026:the original
2015:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1965:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1922:Peeples, 136
1894:
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1840:Peeples, 142
1836:
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1103:Edmund Dulac
1083:
1080:Gustave Doré
1071:
1065:
1062:John Tenniel
1059:
1040:Illustrators
1016:
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993:
987:
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907:
899:alliteration
891:rhyme scheme
870:
752:
748:
738:
710:
699:
694:forever. In
657:
652:John Tenniel
636:
630:
622:
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566:
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549:
503:
481:
477:
466:
461:Gustave Doré
443:
214:
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169:
167:
165:throughout.
163:alliteration
140:
134:
132:references.
126:mythological
99:supernatural
86:
84:
75:
25:
4062:(2022 film)
4054:(2012 film)
4046:(2004 play)
4038:(1951 film)
4030:(1942 film)
4022:(1915 film)
4014:(1909 film)
3987:Poe Toaster
3937:Poe Cottage
3819:Collections
3423:Annabel Lee
2915:Illustrated
2877:"The Raven"
2856:"The Raven"
2681:Poe Studies
2557:Poe Studies
2511:January 21,
2482:January 21,
2452:January 21,
2323:Meyers, 184
2284:Krutch, 154
2266:Krutch, 153
2257:Krutch, 155
2227:Hoffman, 80
1898:Meyers, 177
1849:Hoffman, 79
1831:Meyers, 160
1810:Hoffman, 76
1751:January 30,
1677:Meyers, 162
1659:Hirsch, 195
1599:Poe Studies
1569:Hoffman, 74
1414:Meyers, 163
1320:The Jewbird
1251:plagiarized
1113:Composition
1088:lithographs
876:acatalectic
577:black magic
510:didacticism
161:as well as
54:"The Raven"
4084:1845 poems
4078:Categories
4003:Portrayals
3953:The Stylus
3932:Poe Museum
3228:The Pigeon
3132:Literature
2976:The Raven
2956:The Raven
2888:Commentary
2866:Page scans
2819:Audio help
2810:2014-12-06
2549:References
2149:. New York
2119:. New York
2101:Weiss, 185
2074:Krutch, 98
1278:ĂrpĂĄd TĂłth
1133:Lord Byron
1084:Le Corbeau
887:tetrameter
883:catalectic
880:heptameter
682:folklore,
589:underworld
550:Le Corbeau
492:'nevermore
78:media help
4051:The Raven
4019:The Raven
3416:The Bells
3388:The Raven
3332:Al Aaraaf
3325:Tamerlane
3220:The Raven
3180:The Raven
3172:The Raven
3121:The Raven
3105:The Raven
3097:The Raven
3089:The Raven
3081:The Raven
3065:The Raven
3020:The Raven
2945:The Raven
2922:The Raven
2532:City Room
2359:Moss, 101
2350:Moss, 169
1940:Sova, 209
1858:Ostrom, 5
1770:Adams, 53
1638:Sova, 208
1619:163043175
1605:: 87â97.
1314:in 1955,
1193:New World
1153:Eliza Poe
1096:Symbolist
873:octameter
817:Syllable
660:mythology
585:Roman god
528:Allusions
489:Plutonian
457:obeisance
188:The Raven
130:classical
118:Nevermore
87:The Raven
3955:magazine
3854:Politian
3776:" (1846)
3769:" (1846)
3762:" (1844)
3755:" (1840)
3748:" (1836)
3730:" (1849)
3728:Hop-Frog
3723:" (1846)
3716:" (1846)
3709:" (1845)
3702:" (1845)
3695:" (1845)
3688:" (1845)
3681:" (1845)
3674:" (1844)
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3583:" (1842)
3576:" (1841)
3574:Eleonora
3569:" (1841)
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3534:" (1839)
3527:" (1839)
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3506:" (1839)
3499:" (1838)
3492:" (1838)
3485:" (1835)
3478:" (1835)
3471:" (1835)
3469:Berenice
3464:" (1833)
3457:" (1832)
3450:" (1832)
3443:" (1832)
3425:" (1849)
3418:" (1849)
3411:" (1849)
3409:Eldorado
3404:" (1849)
3397:" (1847)
3390:" (1845)
3383:" (1843)
3376:" (1843)
3369:" (1843)
3362:" (1839)
3355:" (1831)
3348:" (1831)
3346:To Helen
3341:" (1829)
3334:" (1829)
3327:" (1827)
3067:" (1845)
3025:LibriVox
2821: ·
2626:, 2002.
2604:, 1972.
2537:June 12,
2372:(1962).
2183:June 15,
2153:June 15,
2123:June 15,
1705:April 1,
1526:Poe, 775
1510:Poe, 774
1492:Poe, 773
1374:See also
1186:parodied
1161:Saratoga
1157:Virginia
1076:woodcuts
1054:Mallarmé
664:folklore
506:allegory
500:Analysis
182:Synopsis
176:parodied
3900:Related
3476:Morella
3455:Bon-Bon
3395:Ulalume
3381:Eulalie
3250:Related
3235:Vincent
2868:at the
2862:, 1845
2808: (
2779:minutes
2676:, 1969.
2411:A költĆ
1145:Silence
1052:, from
1026:Eulalie
764:Stress
741:stanzas
692:carrion
654:(1858).
629:in his
587:of the
558:scholar
552:(1875).
519:elegiac
485:prophet
103:talking
89:" is a
4099:Gilead
3892:(1849)
3884:(1844)
3876:(1839)
3857:(1835)
3838:(1840)
3830:(1827)
3811:(1840)
3803:(1837)
3792:Novels
3784:(1848)
3738:Essays
3490:Ligeia
3374:Lenore
3208:(play)
3124:(2012)
3116:(2011)
3108:(2006)
3100:(1963)
3092:(1935)
3084:(1915)
2883:, 1849
2835:Curlie
2750:
2736:
2722:
2708:
2694:
2662:
2645:Boléro
2630:
2608:
2590:
2310:
2208:
1957:
1727:
1617:
1543:
1391:Lenore
1341:Boléro
1311:Lolita
1292:Legacy
1280:, and
1064:, the
972:Mirror
885:, and
853:dered
844:while
838:drea-
835:night
729:Gilead
725:Elijah
706:Apollo
680:Hebrew
583:, the
573:occult
569:Ligeia
473:Pallas
463:(1884)
114:Pallas
3980:music
3960:Death
3865:Other
3433:Tales
3316:Poems
3197:Other
3164:Music
3007:, at
2993:Audio
1615:S2CID
1398:Notes
1204:salon
1013:Tales
862:wea-
856:weak
850:pon-
832:mid-
820:Once
721:resin
666:. In
581:Pluto
151:meter
106:raven
3846:Play
3073:Film
3063:'s "
2841:Text
2748:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2706:ISBN
2692:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2628:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2539:2021
2513:2024
2484:2024
2454:2024
2308:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2185:2017
2155:2017
2125:2017
2062:2007
2034:2007
2006:2007
1979:2007
1955:ISBN
1886:2007
1753:2014
1725:ISBN
1707:2007
1541:ISBN
1334:and
1326:'s "
1318:'s "
1221:and
1191:The
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1028:", "
1024:", "
859:and
841:ry,
823:up-
696:Ovid
684:Noah
672:Odin
662:and
621:for
601:Grip
544:for
469:bust
122:folk
110:bust
2984:at
2964:at
2849:at
2833:at
2647:."
1607:doi
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1090:by
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698:'s
688:ark
609:by
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471:of
153:on
145:by
112:of
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