Savoy Hotel - Knowledge

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the 1920s he ensured that the Savoy continued to attract a fashionable clientele by a continuous programme of modernisation and the introduction of dancing in the large restaurants. It also became the first hotel with air conditioning, steam-heating and soundproofed windows in the rooms, 24-hour room service and telephones in every bathroom. It also manufactured its own mattresses. One famous incident during Rupert's early years was the 1923 shooting, at the hotel, of a wealthy young Egyptian, Prince Fahmy Bey, by his French wife, Marguerite. The widow was acquitted of murder after it was revealed that her husband had treated her with extreme cruelty throughout the six-month marriage and had stated that he was going to kill her.

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two centuries, but suffered from poor management. The sixteenth-century historian Stow noted that the hospital was being misused by "loiterers, vagabonds and strumpets". In 1702, the hospital was dissolved, and the hospital buildings were used for other purposes. Part of the old palace was used as a military prison in the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century, the old hospital buildings were demolished, and new buildings were erected.

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tea in the Thames Foyer, and the Beaufort bar, concluding: "The Savoy is back where it belongs – right on top." The Savoy Grill, however, lost its Michelin star and reopened to mixed reviews. Three years after the reopening, the owners announced that business had been disappointing, and the hotel was in jeopardy of closing. The hotel celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2014, at which time it received a glowing review from the

961:'s attempt to take control of the Board in the 1980s. Forte gained a majority of the shares, but was unable to take control due to the company's ownership structure. Shepard also introduced competitive salaries for the staff, increased international marketing of the hotel, and led the Savoy's centenary celebrations. Ramón Pajares was managing director from 1994 to 1999. The Savoy continued to be a popular meeting place. " 636: 559: 819:, some of whom lived there for decades. Spectacular parties were held at the hotel. For example, in 1905 the American millionaire George A. Kessler hosted a "Gondola Party" where the central courtyard was flooded to a depth of four feet, and scenery was erected around the walls. Costumed staff and guests re-created Venice. The two dozen guests dined in an enormous gondola. After dinner, 913: 1358:

diners was unable to attend, leaving the number of guests an unlucky 13, and another diner predicted that whoever first left the table would soon die. The first to leave was Joel, who was shot dead a few weeks later in Johannesburg. After this, the hotel offered to seat a member of its staff at tables of 13 to ward off bad luck. Finally, in 1926, the designer

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Christmastime. The Savoy has a Sunday brunch, which includes free-flow champagne, and special events, such as New Year's Eve dinner. August Laplanche was head chef at the hotel from 1946 to 1965, Silvino Trompetto was maître-chef from 1965 to 1980, and Anton Edelmann was maître chef des cuisines for 21 years, from 1982 to 2003.

721:. It was the first hotel in Britain lit by electric lights and the first with electric lifts. Other innovations included en-suite marble bathrooms with hot and cold running water in most of its 268 rooms; glazed brickwork designed to prevent London's smoke-laden air from spoiling the external walls; and its own artesian well. 1540:

its black and green livery, and the room offers views of the Thames and some of London's landmarks. The restaurant is open all day, seven days a week. Reviews for the restaurant have improved since the re-opening: "The smoked and cured fish here is to die for, and a whole roast sea bream for two was simply brilliant."

1180:. The hotel kept records of its guests' preferences, so that it could provide for them in advance. For Coward, the staff made history by taking the first photographs of a hotel guest's toilet articles so that they could lay them out in his bathroom exactly as he liked them. They made sure to provide a fireproof 904:

Management Scheme", a school to train hoteliers, that was maintained for half a century. The last major appointments of Rupert D'Oyly Carte's chairmanship were Wyllie Adolf Hofflin, general manager from 1941 to 1960, and August Laplanche, head chef from 1946 to 1965. When Carte died in 1948, his daughter

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In 2012, Stuart McAlpine Miller, as artist-in-residence, painted eight works inspired by celebrity guests of the hotel. The same year, another British artist, David Downes, created a large-scale drawing, delighting guests by working in the lobby of the Savoy. Downes based his work on a drawing of the

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interior of jet-black and gold and offers nightly cabaret. The River Restaurant (now renamed Kaspar's), facing the Thames, is also decorated in the Art Deco style, but the American Bar is nearly unchanged. The rooms are decorated in period styles harmonised with the adjacent hallways, and they retain

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did not wish to become chairman, accepting instead the vice-chairman position, and the Savoy board elected Wontner, the first person to combine the roles of chairman and managing director since the Savoy's founder, Richard D'Oyly Carte. Wontner remained managing director until 1979 and chairman until

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During World War II, Wontner and his staff had to cope with bomb damage, food rationing, manpower shortage and a serious decline in the number of foreign visitors. After the US entered the war, business picked up as the Savoy became a favourite of American officers, diplomats, journalists and others.

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sculpted a 3-foot high art-deco black cat called Kaspar, which is used as the 14th guest. Kaspar is given a full place setting, a napkin is tied around his neck, and he is served each course. Winston Churchill liked Ionides's Kaspar so much that he insisted that the sculpture join his parties of any

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The new design features a Thames Foyer with a winter garden gazebo under a stained-glass cupola with natural light, which is the venue for late-night dining and the hotel's famous afternoon tea. The glass dome had been covered since World War II. A new teashop and patisserie is called Savoy Tea, and

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In December 2007, the hotel closed for a complete renovation, the cost of which was budgeted at £100 million. The hotel conducted a sale of 3,000 pieces of its famous furnishings and memorabilia. The projected reopening date was delayed more than a year to October 2010, as structural and system

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After the death of Helen Carte in 1913, Rupert D'Oyly Carte became the controlling stockholder of the hotel group. In 1919, he sold the Grand Hotel, Rome, which his father had acquired in 1894 at the urging of Ritz. For the Savoy, he hired a new chef, François Latry, who served from 1919 to 1942. In

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As part of the 2010 refurbishment, the restaurant was completely redecorated in the Art Deco style, with a leopard print carpet. In 2013, the restaurant became Kaspar's Seafood Bar & Grill. The menu features oysters, cured and smoked fish. The interior design follows the hotel's 1920s style and

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Under Ritz and Escoffier, evening dress was required in the restaurant, and Ritz was innovative in hiring popular musicians to play background music during dinner and in printing daily menus. Even today, elegant dining at the Savoy includes formal afternoon tea with choral and other performances at

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sculpture of Kaspar, the hotel's cat mascot, titled "The 14th Guest", found at the entrance to the hotel's restaurant, Kaspar's Seafood Bar & Grill. Kaspar's story begins with the legend of an 1898 dinner at the Savoy given for 14 guests by Woolf Joel, a South African diamond tycoon. One of the

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noted that reception "now is sheer sleight of hand. ... In under five minutes I have been expertly drawn into the world of Savoy. conspire to enhance my stay". While the same reviewer found the spa disappointing, she gave highest marks to the hotel's personalised service, the Savoy Tea, afternoon

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planned a great hospital for "pouer, nedie people", leaving money and instructions for it in his will. The hospital was built in the palace ruins and licensed in 1512. Drawings show that it was a magnificent building, with a dormitory, dining hall and three chapels. Henry VII's hospital lasted for

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3,400 (equivalent to £490,000 at 2023), of wine and spirits, and Escoffier had been receiving gifts from the Savoy's suppliers. In a 1938 biography of her husband, Ritz's widow maintained that he resigned and that Escoffier, Echenard, and other senior employees resigned with him. This fiction was

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opera productions, it opened on 6 August 1889. It was the first in the Savoy group of hotels and restaurants owned by Carte's family for over a century. The Savoy was the first hotel in Britain to introduce electric lights throughout the building, electric lifts, bathrooms in most of the lavishly

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After World War II, the Savoy Group experienced a strike of its employees in support of a waiter dismissed from the hotel. The matter was judged so serious that the government set up a court of inquiry. Nevertheless, the hotel continued to attract celebrities. In 1946, Wontner set up "The Savoy

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Until the 1930s, the Savoy group had not thought it necessary to advertise, but Carte and Reeves-Smith changed their approach. "We are endeavouring by intensive propaganda work to get more customers; this work is going on in the U.S.A., in Canada, in the Argentine and in Europe." In 1938

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At the same time, Ritz continued to manage his own hotels and businesses in Europe. Nellie Melba, among others, noted that Ritz was less focused on the Savoy. In 1897, Ritz and his partners were dismissed from the Savoy. Ritz and Echenard were implicated in the disappearance of over

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The hotel has two well-known restaurants: the Grill Room (usually known as the Savoy Grill), on the north side of the building, with its entrance off the Strand, and the Savoy Restaurant (formerly known as the River Restaurant, now named Kaspars), on the south side, overlooking the

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Louis Echenard and put together what he described as "a little army of hotel men for the conquest of London"; Escoffier recruited French cooks and reorganised the kitchens. The Savoy under Ritz and his partners soon attracted distinguished and wealthy clientele, headed by the

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operas. The hotel contains a small museum next to the American Bar, open to the public, with a revolving exhibition of items from the hotel's archives. A motor launch is available to take small parties from the Savoy Pier in front of the hotel for champagne river tours.

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problems held up construction. The building's façade required extensive stabilisation, and the cost of the renovations grew to £220 million. The new energy-efficient design reduced the hotel's electricity usage by approximately 50% and reuse and recycling increased.

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playing music from the 1920s and '30s. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Rupert D'Oyly Carte engaged Richard Collet to run the cabaret at the Savoy, which opened in April 1929. Lena Horne and others made their British debuts there. Frank Sinatra played the piano and sang there.

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were among the regular Grill Room diners, and the hotel's air-raid shelters were "the smartest in London". Wontner cooperated fully with the government's wartime restrictions, helping to draw up an order imposing a five-shilling limit on the price of a restaurant meal.

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The American Bar is decorated in a warm Art Deco design, with cream and ochre walls, and electric blue and gold chairs. The walls feature the photos of famous guests. A pianist plays classic American jazz every day on a baby grand piano in the centre of the room.

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Under Wontner's leadership, the Savoy appointed its first British head chef, Silvino Trompetto, who was maître-chef from 1965 to 1980. Giles Shepard (1937–2006), succeeded Wontner as managing director from 1979 to 1994 and helped to defend the Savoy Group against

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By a resolution passed this morning you have been dismissed from the service of the Hotel for, among other serious reasons, gross negligence and breaches of duty and mismanagement. I am also directed to request that you will be good enough to leave the Hotel at

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Having seen the opulence of American hotels during his many visits to the United States, Carte decided to build a luxury hotel in Britain, to attract a foreign clientele as well as British visitors to London. Opened in 1889, the hotel was designed by architect

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At first the Savoy did well, but within six months of opening, the hotel was losing money. The board of directors instructed Carte to replace the management team, headed by W. Hardwicke as manager and M. Charpentier as chef de cuisine. As manager he engaged

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for the theatre (built in 1881), which was the first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity. The construction of the hotel took five years and was financed by the profits from the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership, particularly from

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Ritz threatened to sue the hotel company for wrongful dismissal, but was evidently dissuaded by Escoffier, who felt that their interests would be better served by keeping the scandal quiet. It was not until 1985 that the facts became public knowledge.

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lined the entrance staircase. The interior of the Savoy was decked in hundreds of yards of dove-grey material and heraldic banners in scarlet, blue and yellow. The design was supervised by Bridget D'Oyly Carte, whose fellow organisers included

1561:, became the Grill's first female head chef. The Thames Foyer serves breakfast, morning coffee, light lunch and supper, as well as afternoon tea, accompanied by the hotel's resident pianist. Also part of the hotel buildings is 924:'s coronation on 2 June 1953, the hotel hosted the Savoy Coronation Ball, attended by 1,400 people, including Hollywood stars, royalty and other notables, who paid 12 guineas (equivalent to £444 as of 2023), each. Sixteen 1946: 1044:

wrote: "The Savoy is still The Savoy, only better. ... are calm ... you are the personality, not the room. ... a saviour of The Strand I suspect now. The lobby is bigger and grander, and JUST THE SAME." A review in

754:. Aristocratic women, hitherto unaccustomed to dining in public, were now "seen in full regalia in the Savoy dining and supper rooms". The hotel became such a financial success that Carte bought other luxury hotels. 1645:

Eddie Clark, 1939 to 1942. During the Second World War, he created a cocktail for each branch of the armed services: "Eight Bells" for the Navy, "New Contemptible" for the Army, and "Wings" for the RAF.

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of the American Bar and Art Deco "decorations" by Gilbert Rumbold. The book has remained in print since then and was subsequently republished in 1952, 1965, 1985, 1996, and expanded in 1999 and 2014.

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When the hotel was expanded, Rupert D'Oyly Carte decided to develop a luxurious, handcrafted bed unique to the Savoy and his other hotels. His Savoy Bed, also called the No. 2 Bed, was covered in a

1483:. The latter has long been famous for its inventive chefs, beginning in 1890, with the celebrity chef Auguste Escoffier. Escoffier created many famous dishes at the Savoy. In 1893, he invented the 2335:

in Paris. The press speculated on how much Carte must have paid to persuade Bonnaure to join him, and compared the younger Carte's audacity with his father's coup in securing Paris's most famous

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The Beaufort Bar is a new bar created in the 2010 renovation, specialising in champagne as well as cocktails. Decorated in an Art Deco design of jet-black and gold, it offers a nightly cabaret.

1551:. The Grill was originally "where people go to eat a modest luncheon or to dine on the way to the theatre without spending too much time or too much money". Since 2010, the chef patron has been 1649: 1319:

The Savoy hotel has long been associated with the arts. Monet served as the hotel's first artist-in-residence in 1901, and that program continues. George Gershwin gave the British premiere of

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Peter Dorelli, 1985 to 2003. His 1889er celebrated the hotel's centenary in 1989, and together with Salim Khoury, he created the "Millennium" to celebrate the end of the 20th century.

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construction in London. At that time, the hotel added Britain's first serviced apartments, with access to all the hotel's amenities. Many famous figures became residents, such as

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perpetuated for many years, with the consent of the Savoy company. In fact, however, after a damning report by the company's auditors and the advice of the prominent lawyer,

388:; they established an unprecedented standard of quality in hotel service, entertainment and elegant dining, attracting royalty and other rich and powerful guests and diners. 4709: 3815: 3299: 1943: 807:. The expansion of the hotel in 1903–04 included new east and west wings, and moving the main entrance to Savoy Court off the Strand. The additions pioneered the use of 3262: 3136: 803:

became chairman of the Savoy hotel group in 1903 and supervised the expansion of the hotel and the modernisation of the other hotels in the group's ownership, such as

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Planter in the embankment gardens between the hotel and the river honouring the Carte family and other persons historically important to the hotel (1989)

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London was there it seemed, from film stars to businessmen to politicians, all staying or being entertained at the grand old fun palace on the Strand."

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in 1898. The next year, Carte engaged M. Joseph, proprietor of the Marivaux Restaurant in Paris, as his new maître d'hôtel and in 1900, appointed

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lived at the hotel for the last several years of his life. While being carried out on a stretcher before he died, he joked, "It was the food."

2572: 679:. Carte chose the name "Savoy" to commemorate the history of the property. His investors in the venture were, in addition to his relatives, 2737: 3034: 1669:

Harry "Vic" Viccars, 1975 to 1981. His cocktails included "Speedbird," one of three drinks created for the first commercial flight of the

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a glass-enclosed fitness gallery with rooftop swimming pool, gym and spa are located above the Savoy Theatre. The new Beaufort Bar has an

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The American Bar at the Savoy Hotel was one of the earliest establishments to introduce American-style cocktails to Europe. The term

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Salim Khoury, 2003 to 2010. In 1992, he won the UK Barman of the Year competition by inventing the "Blushing Monarch", inspired by

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Bridget D'Oyly Carte died childless in 1985, bringing an end to her family line. In 1998, an American private equity house,

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as Chef Director and Andy Cook as Head Chef. In a nod to the hotel's origins, six private dining rooms are named after

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was still a child, and his uncle John of Gaunt was the power behind the throne, and so a main target of the rebels.

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When Claridge's needed a new chef in 1904, Carte secured the services of François Bonnaure, formerly chef at the

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at the hotel in 1925, simultaneously broadcast by the BBC. The hotel's dance bands of the inter-war years, the

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In February 2022 Ramsay opened Restaurant 1890 in the hotel. In February 2024 it was awarded a Michelin star.

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The hotel was built on a plot of land, next to the Savoy Theatre, that Carte originally purchased to house an

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on the Thames river side and Art Deco on the Strand side. Butler service was also reintroduced to the hotel.

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as the next managing director of the Savoy hotel group. Reeves-Smith served in this capacity until 1941.

491: 174: 2710: 2416: 1639: 976:, who sold the Savoy hotel and restaurant Simpson's-In-The-Strand eight months later, for an estimated 4617: 4432: 4227: 2493: 1562: 781: 276: 234: 4457: 4108: 494:. It has been called "London's most famous hotel". It has 267 guest rooms and panoramic views of the 4684: 4522: 4367: 3532:"Former MasterChef contestant Kim Woodward becomes first woman head chef at Savoy Grill restaurant" 2755: 1527: 870:

joined the Savoy hotel group as Reeves-Smith's assistant, and he became managing director in 1941.

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of 25 feet (7.6 m) to navigate it. This is still the legally required turning circle for all

535:(or "Maurienne"), who became count in 1032. The name Sabaudia evolved into "Savoy" (or "Savoie"). 4724: 4542: 4362: 4357: 4257: 3684: 2838: 1521: 1435: 1052: 905: 651: 366: 199: 154: 2480: 2417:"The Savoy – One Hundred Firsts", Fairmont Raffles Hotels International, accessed 8 October 2015 4694: 4612: 4527: 4422: 4382: 4327: 4302: 4262: 4237: 4217: 4182: 3031: 1081: 800: 746: 672: 189: 57: 3153: 1342:

Thames in the Savoy's collection. The piece, displayed in the hotel's front hall, depicts the

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in 1930, based on his research at the hotel. The novel fictionalises the hotel's operations.

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furnished rooms, constant hot and cold running water and many other innovations. Carte hired

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was used in London to designate the sale of American cocktails from the late 19th century.

1093: 1031: 969: 711: 659: 628: 605: 589: 569: 552: 370: 118: 1760:), without having to get out of the cab himself. Additionally, the hotel entrance's small 8: 4602: 4402: 4307: 4272: 4232: 4167: 4087: 1690: 1423: 1373: 1117: 1040: 981: 785: 597: 548: 359: 209: 107: 4372: 4092: 3782:"For the first time, an American will run the cocktail bar at the Savoy Hotel in London" 2505: 1517: 688: 4557: 4537: 4462: 4242: 4187: 2332: 2199: 1745: 1630:, 1925 to 1938. Born in England, Craddock trained as a barman in the US but fled 1920s 1409: 593: 532: 272: 163: 3827: 2162: 1371:

The hotel has often been used as a film location. For example, the romantic finale to

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wrote a children's book fictionalising the hotel's mascot, Kaspar, as an adventurer:

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worked at the Savoy as a luggage porter before founding his fashion house in 1921.

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would reach his arm out of the driver's door window to open the passenger's door (

1595: 1459: 4552: 4532: 4467: 3384:"Kaspar’s – The Savoy’s new seafood bar opens with a new Jonty Hurwitz sculpture" 3194: 3140: 3038: 2834: 2466: 2205: 1950: 1504: 1295: 1219: 1215: 1161: 1125: 1101: 929: 857: 812: 704: 696: 692: 617: 507: 460: 428: 400: 384: 1512:(meringue with vanilla cream and crystallised white rose and violet petals) and 4342: 4297: 4287: 4282: 4172: 3551: 2612:"Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1830 to Present" 2594: 2508:, Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, Boise State University, accessed 7 October 2015 2210: 2206:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1892: 1781: 1765: 1725: 1683: 1663: 1659: 1627: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1430: 1326: 1303: 1291: 1239: 1227: 1207: 1153: 1109: 1096:. Other celebrity guests in the hotel's early decades included the future King 1027: 977: 925: 759: 577: 524: 456: 392: 355: 103: 63: 3178: 2315: 2232: 2143: 1877: 1736: 1648:

Reginald "Johnnie" Johnson, 1942 to 1954. He invented "Wedding Bells" for the

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Ritz and Escoffier: The Hotelier, the Chef, and the Rise of the Leisure Class

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emphasises that "D'Oyly" was his "forename (not part of a double surname)".

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of Canada. Quinlan's group retained the rest of the hotels under the name

4482: 4292: 4162: 4057: 3376:"A homage to Kaspar the friendly cat checks in at the Savoy's new eatery" 3050: 1655: 1631: 1613: 1599: 1494: 1485: 1418: 1414: 1392: 1299: 1271: 1235: 1133: 1113: 1089: 887: 835: 831: 808: 499: 480: 420: 3669:"What Ended the Career of the World’s First Celebrity Female Bartender?" 3563: 1516:(jellied chicken breasts with foie gras). Another signature dish is the 4587: 4347: 3424:, Golden Age of Music Video, 9 December 2011, accessed 25 November 2012 1769: 1761: 1753: 1382: 1275: 1259: 1251: 1211: 1165: 1097: 1069: 950: 717: 648: 635: 448: 416: 408: 363: 1658:, 1954 to 1975. Among his many creations was the "Moonwalk" to honour 1555:. From 2015 to 2017, Kim Woodward, a former contestant on the TV show 1302:

are just a few of the celebrities who stayed there in recent decades.

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Sweeting, Adam. "Man of steel at the Savoy: Obituary, Hugh Wontner",

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in 1997. Savoir Beds continues to make the Savoy Bed for the hotel.

4142: 4100: 2893:"London's Posh Savoy Hotel Reopens After a Pricey 'Green' Makeover" 1670: 1014: 93: 48: 4050: 3540:"D&D London appoints Kim Woodward as executive chef of Skylon" 2911:, Blogvisitlondon.com, 19 August 2010, accessed 13 September 2010 2740:, Caterer and Hotel Keeper, 10 May 2011, accessed 13 October 2015 2380:"The Savoy hotel, London, reopens after £220 million restoration" 1287: 827: 643:

In 1864, a fire burned everything except the stone walls and the

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in the less formal Savoy Grill, the restaurant earned its first

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sang, and a baby elephant brought in a five-foot birthday cake.

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This article is about the hotel in London. For other uses, see

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quilt to Barrymore, as he always smoked while reading in bed.

791: 2790:"I'll never sell the Savoy, says billionaire Prince Alwaleed" 2678:£12.60 in decimal terms; £750 in terms of 2008 earnings: see 1387: 912: 528: 391:

The hotel became Carte's most successful venture. Its bands,

83: 3506: 3287:"London's Savoy continues its Artist in Residence Tradition" 3187:"First glimpse of the Savoy's restoration to Art Deco glory" 1720:

In 1930, the Savoy Hotel first published its cocktail book,

3509:, Kaspar's Seafood Bar & Grill, accessed 8 October 2015 2657:

obituary notice for Bridget D'Oyly Carte, 3 May 1985, p. 11

2601:, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 16 September 2009 2322:, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 18 September 2009 1084:

both painted or drew views, from their Savoy rooms, of the

972:, purchased the Savoy hotel group. They sold it in 2004 to 3992:

The Secret Life of the Savoy – and the D'Oyly Carte family

2496:, CR Fashion Book, 26 March 2019, accessed 1 December 2022 3143:. The Tate Museum, London, 2005, accessed 3 December 2010 2098:, Hospitality.net, 10 August 2009, accessed 30 April 2023 1689:

Erik Lorincz, 2010 to 2018. He created a version of the "

1662:'s achievement. His hangover cure was two aspirins and a 1377:(1999) is set in the hotel's Lancaster Room, where Anna ( 3090:"Savoy may close as £220m refit fails to drum up trade" 2827:"Major faults delay Savoy’s £100m refit by over a year" 1944:"Savoy 'up for sale' as Saudi owner's billions dwindle" 1279: 1190:

stayed in the hotel in 1965 and filmed the video clip "

707:, was a shareholder and sat on the board of directors. 3477:, Oxford University Press, 2012, accessed 3 June 2020 3436:, 13 February 1935, p. 14; and 16 February 1935, p. 17 3328:"Culinary Events & Master Classes – Dinner Dances" 3185:, 2007, accessed 8 February 2010; Hopkirk, Elizabeth. 2751:"JET-setting pays dividends in search for information" 1758:

which opened backwards and had the handle at the front

1018:

built-in wardrobes and bedroom cabinets. The decor is

2589: 2587: 2585: 612:, built a magnificent palace that was burned down by 4710:

Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster

3765:"Maxim Schulte: Life after The Savoy’s American Bar" 2882:, The Sixty Mile Publishing Company, 12 October 2010 2527:, Cooksinfo.com, 3 May 2011, accessed 8 October 2015 245:

3 (American Bar; Beaufort Bar; The Bar at Simpson’s)

4063:

Pathé footage of film stars' cocktail party in 1947

3016:"Will The Savoy ever regain its long lost glamour?" 1962: 3826:from The Savoy Cocktail Book; and Ellestad, Erik. 2964:"London's Savoy Hotel: Stompin' to Resume in 2010" 2582: 2481:"Savoir Beds expands to larger works in Treforest" 1876: 1508:(strawberries with pineapple and Curaçao sorbet), 1076:Numerous notable guests have stayed at the hotel. 909:1984, and he was president thereafter until 1992. 874:The hotel became a meeting place for war leaders: 237:; River Restaurant; Restaurant 1890; Thames Foyer) 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3554:, Savoy Hotel, Fairmont.com, accessed 13 May 2019 3032:"The Savoy London Hotel: Meetings & Banquets" 2169:, 21 July 1896, p. 4; and 20 December 1919, p. 18 2163:"Richard D'Oyly Carte and the Dynasty He Founded" 799:After Richard D'Oyly Carte died in 1901, his son 4661: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3119:"How Monet Helped The Savoy Get Its Groove Back" 2996:"Behind the scenes at the brand-new Savoy hotel" 2919: 2917: 2046: 2044: 2042: 1587:, in chronological order, have been as follows: 1543:Since Gordon Ramsay employed his former protégé 995: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 2595:"Wontner, Sir Hugh Walter Kingwell (1908–1992)" 2567: 2565: 2194: 2192: 2081: 2005:, University of London, accessed 6 October 2015 1650:wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip 1638:and reputed inventor of such cocktails as the " 547:) of Savoy (d. 1268) was the maternal uncle of 4071:Famous Hotels in the World – London: The Savoy 3632: 3412:magazine, Virgin Rail, October 2010, pp. 32–33 2941: 2939: 2937: 2804: 2802: 2559:27 March 1931, p. 22; and 22 April 1932, p. 20 878:often took his cabinet to lunch at the hotel, 830:whose design is attributed to his stepmother, 487:often took his cabinet to lunch at the hotel. 4116: 3904:. London and New York: Hambledon and London. 3822:, 21 August 2014, accessed 9 September 2016; 3613: 2974: 2972: 2914: 2483:, BBC News, 28 June 2012, accessed 6 May 2014 2039: 3714:"Straight Up: the American Bar at the Savoy" 3361: 2850: 2848: 2816:, 15 December 2007, accessed 13 October 2015 2562: 2499: 2412: 2189: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1930:, obituary of Hugh Wontner, 27 November 1992 1887:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1748:. This is said to date from the days of the 576:and, in 1246, gave him the land between the 3980: 3799:"Savoy's American Bar names head bartender" 3237: 3235: 3022:, 5 February 2010, accessed 13 October 2015 2934: 2925:"Savoy, London Landmark of Luxury, Reopens" 2856:"Countdown Begins To The Savoy's Reopening" 2799: 2796:, 25 January 2005, accessed 15 October 2015 2776:, 25 January 2005, accessed 13 October 2015 2669:, London Remembers, accessed 8 October 2015 2579:, 28 November 1992, accessed 8 October 2015 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2156: 1740:Traffic driving on the right in Savoy Court 4123: 4109: 3935: 3679: 3677: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3346:, Artist Direct, accessed 9 September 2014 3300:"London's Savoy Hotel ready for reopening" 3212:, City of Hotels, accessed 8 February 2010 3010: 3008: 2969: 2810:"Memorabilia up for sale at Savoy auction" 2759:, Abu Dhabi Media Company, 13 October 2015 2633: 2631: 2256: 2254: 2115:, 26 January 2002, accessed 7 October 2015 2027:, 11 October 2010, accessed 6 October 2015 1938: 1936: 1713: 1088:. The Savoy featured prominently in guest 3658:, Fairmont.com, accessed 15 December 2018 3629:, Fairmont.com, accessed 15 December 2018 3579:. Luxury Travel Magazine. 27 January 2022 3453:, by H. L. Cracknell and R. J. Kaufmann) 3243:"Luxury Hotels with Artists in Residence" 3200:, 22 May 2008, accessed 8 February 2010; 3158:, Courier Corporation (1973), p. 236 and 3067: 3065: 3063: 2845: 2727:, 28 April 2006, accessed 13 October 2015 2667:"Memorial: D'Oyly Carte armillary sphere" 2540:, pp. 293–97, Kessinger Publishing, 2005 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2202:inflation figures are based on data from 2053:, Fairmont.com, accessed 15 December 2018 2021:"Savoy refurb: rather fine, guests agree" 2008: 1825:Carte is the family name. The biographer 1744:In Savoy Court, vehicles are required to 941:. The cabaret was under the direction of 362:in central London, England. Built by the 4443:M By Montcalm Shoreditch Tech City Hotel 3989: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3257: 3255: 3232: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2389: 2144:"Escoffier, Georges Auguste (1846–1935)" 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1735: 1594: 1531:New Year's Eve dinner at the Savoy, 1910 1526: 1458: 1447:(2008), which was released in the US as 1063: 999: 984:to be managed by Al-Waleed's affiliate, 911: 856: 790: 723: 634: 557: 27:Historic luxury hotel in London, England 4518:Radisson Blu Edwardian Vanderbilt Hotel 3864:Gilbert and Sullivan – A Dual Biography 3830:, Savoy Stomp, accessed 13 October 2015 3687:, AbeBooks.com, accessed 30 August 2017 3674: 3393: 3134:"Turner, Whistler, Monet: Thames Views" 3129: 3127: 3005: 2870: 2868: 2784: 2782: 2738:"A Minute on the Clock – Ramón Pajares" 2645:, 29 May 2002, accessed 13 October 2015 2628: 2599:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2464:Finn, Holly. "FT Weekend: Dream baby", 2435:, 26 February 2010, accessed 6 May 2014 2320:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2316:"Smith, Sir George Reeves- (1863–1941)" 2251: 2237:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2148:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1933: 1884:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1454: 658:specifically for the production of the 600:, who gave the site to her second son, 588:in 1263. Peter gave the palace and the 14: 4705:Michelin-starred restaurants in London 4662: 4578:Sheraton Skyline Hotel London Heathrow 4508:Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel 4318:Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane 3955:Monet in the 90s: The Series Paintings 3952: 3861: 3824:Details of 105 cocktails with absinthe 3208:, 2007, accessed 8 February 2010; and 3060: 2985:, 18 June 2010, accessed 9 August 2010 2953:, 6 May 2011, accessed 10 January 2012 2862:, 15 July 2010, accessed 9 August 2010 2446:Inside the Best Hotels: Grand Hotelier 2365: 1874: 1366: 662:operas, of which he was the producer. 4573:Sheraton Grand London Park Lane Hotel 4513:Radisson Blu Edwardian Heathrow Hotel 4323:Four Seasons Hotel Ten Trinity Square 4104: 3899: 3272: 3252: 3241:O'Ceallaigh, John and Lisa Grainger. 3223:"The Savoy reaches out for the stars" 3073:"The host of London: the Savoy Hotel" 2770:"Savoy Group changes name after deal" 2511: 2203: 1914: 1314: 592:to the Congregation of Canons of the 4598:St. Pancras Renaissance London Hotel 4503:Radisson Blu Edwardian Grafton Hotel 4378:Hyatt Regency London – The Churchill 4130: 3918: 3880: 3538:, 25 April 2015; and Gerrard. Neil. 3382:, 2 May 2013, accessed 1 July 2014; 3124: 3121:, Hotelchatter.com, 16 December 2011 2865: 2779: 2136: 1634:to head the Savoy's bars; author of 610:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 415:. Other famous guests have included 62:The main entrance to the Savoy from 3866:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3671:, TheDailyBeast.com, 24 August 2016 3340:"Alex Mendham & His Orchestra: 2184:The Most Famous Hotels in the World 2180:"César Ritz: The Savoy – 1889–1900" 1878:"Carte, Richard D'Oyly (1844–1901)" 1616:, 1903 to 1924. She concocted the " 1489:in honour of the Australian singer 1463:The large restaurant of the Savoy, 647:. The property sat empty until the 608:, inherited the site. Her husband, 24: 4498:The Park Tower Knightsbridge Hotel 4088:Purr 'n' Fur: Kaspar, of the Savoy 3973: 3938:The Savoy: Manor, Hospital, Chapel 3390:, 1 May 2013, accessed 1 July 2014 2979:"Reopening date set for The Savoy" 2448:(1997), p. 248, Jones & Jones 2339:, M. Joseph, a few years earlier. 1973:National Heritage List for England 795:Savoy hotel, Strand entrance, 1911 25: 4736: 4675:Hotels in the City of Westminster 4670:Hotel buildings completed in 1889 4438:London Marriott Hotel County Hall 4388:InterContinental London Park Lane 4010: 3542:, TheCaterer.com, 9 February 2017 3449:, p. 405 (English translation of 3014:Curtis, Nick and Jonathan Prynn. 2825:Curtis, Nick and Jonathan Prynn. 2494:"Charting the Evolution of Gucci" 1875:Jacobs, Arthur (September 2004). 1497:. Other Escoffier creations were 1059: 4720:Thomas Edward Collcutt buildings 4643: 4630: 3833: 3808: 3791: 3774: 3757: 3748:"Maxim Schulte leaves The Savoy" 3740: 3723: 3706: 3697:"Joe Gilmore, barman – obituary" 3690: 3661: 3289:, Artlyst.com, 30 September 2013 2362:, Vol. 14. (1998), pp. 34 and 37 2096:"The Savoy – One Hundred Firsts" 1800: 1788: 1335:Alex Mendham & His Orchestra 654:bought it in 1880, to build the 604:. Edmund's great-granddaughter, 271: 56: 47: 4690:Art Deco architecture in London 3957:. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. 3936:Somerville, Sir Robert (1960). 3685:"The Coolest Book in the World" 3591: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3524: 3512: 3500: 3483: 3463: 3439: 3427: 3415: 3349: 3333: 3321: 3309: 3292: 3215: 3171: 3146: 3111: 3099: 3082: 3044: 3025: 2988: 2956: 2947:"The Savoy, The Strand, London" 2902: 2885: 2819: 2762: 2743: 2730: 2697: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2616: 2604: 2550: 2530: 2486: 2473: 2458: 2438: 2429:"Pillow Talk: How to Buy a Bed" 2421: 2348: 2325: 2308: 2294: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2242: 2225: 2172: 2127: 2118: 2101: 2065: 2056: 1724:, with 750 recipes compiled by 1514:suprêmes de volailles Jeannette 1417:'s music video for their song " 1363:size when dining at the Savoy. 848: 555:, and came with her to London. 4715:1889 establishments in England 4608:The Trafalgar St. James London 3940:. London: Duchy of Lancaster. 3601:. Robb Report. 6 February 2024 2233:"Ritz, César Jean (1850–1918)" 2030: 1987: 1956: 1868: 1843: 1819: 1731: 1473: 1344:Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant 665: 13: 1: 4568:Shangri-La Hotel At The Shard 4493:Park Plaza Westminster Bridge 4158:Andaz London Liverpool Street 4148:100 Queen's Gate Hotel London 4075:. 4Hoteliers. 30 October 2006 3921:César Ritz, Host to the World 3885:. New York: Clarkson Potter. 3828:"Usage Guide for Savoy Stomp" 2717:obituary, 26 April 2006; and 2610:About £10 in 2009 terms: see 1836: 1764:meant that vehicles needed a 1603: 1558:MasterChef: The Professionals 1464: 1398:The French Lieutenant's Woman 1349:In 2013 South African artist 1026:manages the Savoy Grill with 996:2010 refurbishment to present 4398:Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel 4213:Bulgari Hotel and Residences 3902:Escoffier: The King of Chefs 3816:"Another round at the Savoy" 3566:, FRHI, accessed 12 May 2019 2966:, travelpro, 6 November 2009 1908:UK public library membership 1696:Maxim Schulte, 2018 to 2020. 898: 861:Savoy Hotel letterhead, 1939 533:Humbert I, Count of Sabaudia 32:Savoy Hotel (disambiguation) 7: 4680:Fairmont Hotels and Resorts 4478:Novotel London Canary Wharf 4448:Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park 4393:JW Marriott Grosvenor House 4058:Fairmont Hotels – The Savoy 3953:Tucker, Paul Hayes (1989). 3919:Ritz, Marie-Louise (1938). 3408:Watts, Peter. "Perfect 10: 2709:, 3 December 1992, p. A14; 2186:, accessed 4 September 2013 2094:, accessed 7 October 2015; 1968:"The Savoy Hotel (1236709)" 1775: 1699:Shannon Tebay, 2021 to 2022 1353:created a chrome and resin 1309: 1192:Subterranean Homesick Blues 986:Fairmont Hotels and Resorts 741:; Ritz brought in the chef 737:, later the founder of the 703:. His friend, the composer 492:Fairmont Hotels and Resorts 175:Fairmont Hotels and Resorts 10: 4741: 4700:Hotels established in 1889 4433:London Hilton on Park Lane 4228:The Carlton Tower Jumeirah 4033:51.50989806°N 0.12021500°W 3854: 3152:Hyde, Harford Montgomery. 2538:The Story of Scotland Yard 2506:"The D'Oyly Carte Dynasty" 1676:Victor Gower, 1981 to 1985 1591:Frank Wells, 1893 to 1902. 1004:Afternoon tea at the hotel 780:The Savoy group purchased 513: 29: 4626: 4458:Marriott London Park Lane 4138: 3990:Williams, Olivia (2020). 3564:"Simpson's-in-the-Strand" 3491:"Omelette Arnold Bennett" 3447:A Guide to Modern Cookery 3155:The Trials of Oscar Wilde 2694:, 25 November 1952, p. 10 2690:"Savoy Coronation Ball", 2278:James, p. 170 and 212–213 2092:Historic Hotels Worldwide 2078:, accessed 5 October 2015 1602:bartending at the Savoy, 602:Edmund, Earl of Lancaster 527:was the ruling family of 340: 336: 326: 318: 310: 300: 287: 282: 267: 257: 249: 241: 229: 221: 216: 205: 195: 185: 180: 170: 150: 132: 124: 114: 99: 89: 79: 74: 70: 55: 46: 41: 4523:Rafayel on the Left Bank 4368:Hilton London Paddington 4038:51.50989806; -0.12021500 3862:Ainger, Michael (2002). 3712:Royce-Greensill, Sarah. 3521:, 18 November 1904, p. 7 3057:, accessed 7 March 2013 2833:10 February 2010 at the 2287:"Savoy's epic scandal", 2036:Somerville (1960), p. 89 1812: 1391:, based on the novel by 1194:" in an adjacent alley. 675:, who also designed the 584:, where Peter built the 490:The hotel is managed by 4543:Royal Horseguards Hotel 4363:Hilton London Metropole 4358:Hilton London Hyde Park 4258:Conrad London St. James 3985:. London: Museum Press. 3900:James, Kenneth (2002). 3479:(subscription required) 3198:London Evening Standard 3193:21 January 2010 at the 3077:London Evening Standard 3020:London Evening Standard 2839:London Evening Standard 2625:, 8 November 1947, p. 4 2204:Clark, Gregory (2017). 2152:(subscription required) 1722:The Savoy Cocktail Book 1715:The Savoy Cocktail Book 1636:The Savoy Cocktail Book 1571: 1563:Simpson's-in-the-Strand 1522:Jean Baptiste Virlogeux 1518:omelette Arnold Bennett 1449:Kaspar: The Titanic Cat 1053:London Evening Standard 782:Simpson's-in-the-Strand 518: 235:Simpson’s in the Strand 181:Design and construction 138:; 135 years ago 4613:Treehouse Hotel London 4303:Eccleston Square Hotel 4238:Charlotte Street Hotel 4218:Canary Riverside Plaza 3847:, accessed 12 May 2020 3497:, accessed 3 June 2020 3475:The Diner’s Dictionary 2345:, 10 June 1904, p. 16. 2269:James, pp. 170 and 212 2051:"Savoy: Hotel History" 2003:British History Online 1893:10.1093/ref:odnb/32311 1741: 1609: 1532: 1520:, created by the chef 1470: 1445:Kaspar: Prince of Cats 1395:. It also featured in 1073: 1005: 917: 862: 796: 774: 729: 673:Thomas Edward Collcutt 640: 566: 369:with profits from his 190:Thomas Edward Collcutt 4453:Marriott Canary Wharf 3627:"Savoy: American Bar" 3342:Whistling in the Dark 3202:"Savoy Hotel Auction" 3183:New York Social Diary 3037:26 March 2012 at the 2593:Baker, Anne Pimlott. 2354:Jackson, Alastair A. 2305:, 10 June 1904, p. 16 2076:InsideGuide to London 1949:19 April 2009 at the 1739: 1598: 1530: 1462: 1067: 1003: 990:Maybourne Hotel Group 980:250 million, to 915: 860: 794: 769: 727: 638: 561: 268:Public transit access 253:Swimming pool and gym 230:Number of restaurants 212:(interior consultant) 4548:Royal National Hotel 4488:Park Lane Mews Hotel 4423:Lincoln Plaza London 4338:Grange Holborn Hotel 4198:The Biltmore Mayfair 3983:Meet me at the Savoy 3981:Nicol, Jean (1952). 3803:The Spirits Business 3797:Carruthers, Nicola. 3752:The Spirits Business 3746:Carruthers, Nicola. 3530:Mortimer, Caroline. 3495:New British Classics 3445:Escoffier, Auguste. 3358:27 March 1929, p. 23 3318:29 March 1924, p. 20 3221:Hollingshead, Iain. 3139:5 March 2005 at the 3000:Conde Nast Traveller 2360:Construction History 1702:Chelsie Bailey, 2022 1455:Restaurants and bars 1032:Gilbert and Sullivan 970:The Blackstone Group 712:electrical generator 660:Gilbert and Sullivan 652:Richard D'Oyly Carte 639:Richard D'Oyly Carte 616:'s followers in the 553:Henry III of England 371:Gilbert and Sullivan 367:Richard D'Oyly Carte 200:Richard D'Oyly Carte 125:Construction started 119:Liberty of the Savoy 4640: • 4603:Threadneedles Hotel 4403:The Landmark London 4308:Egerton House Hotel 4273:Covent Garden Hotel 4233:The Cavendish Hotel 4168:The Athenaeum Hotel 4029: / 3881:Barr, Luke (2018). 3701:The Daily Telegraph 3002:, 10 September 2010 2291:, 19 May 1985, p. 2 2178:Augustin, Andreas. 1993:Thornbury, Walter. 1620:" cocktail for Sir 1614:Ada "Coley" Coleman 1424:All You Need Is Now 1421:" from their album 1367:In films and novels 1118:George Bernard Shaw 1072:was an early guest. 1041:The Daily Telegraph 982:Al-Waleed bin Talal 801:Rupert D'Oyly Carte 786:George Reeves-Smith 728:Gondola party, 1905 705:Sir Arthur Sullivan 594:Great Saint Bernard 551:, queen-consort of 549:Eleanor of Provence 360:City of Westminster 210:Arthur H. Mackmurdo 108:City of Westminster 90:Architectural style 75:General information 4618:The Waldorf Hilton 4558:San Domenico House 4538:Royal Garden Hotel 4463:The May Fair Hotel 4428:The London Edition 4243:Chiltern Firehouse 4188:The Bentley London 4178:The Bailey's Hotel 3923:. London: Harrap. 3839:Macfarlane, Rory. 3786:The New York Times 3780:Simonson, Robert. 3763:Malczewski, Kate. 3720:, 12 February 2016 3656:"The American Bar" 3451:Le Guide Culinaire 3306:, 8 September 2010 2929:The New York Times 2899:, 18 November 2010 2897:The New York Times 2577:The New York Times 2378:Mather, Victoria. 2200:Retail Price Index 2088:"The Savoy London" 1999:Old and New London 1855:Katara Hospitality 1746:drive on the right 1742: 1610: 1533: 1471: 1315:Music and fine art 1202:met at the hotel. 1074: 1006: 922:Queen Elizabeth II 918: 863: 797: 730: 641: 590:manor of the Savoy 567: 327:Reference no. 136:6 August 1889 4657: 4656: 4650:London portal 4637:Hotels portal 4593:St. Ermin's Hotel 4583:Sofitel St. James 4153:Abbey Court Hotel 4095:The Critics Guide 4001:978-1-472-26979-9 3911:978-1-85285-396-9 3892:978-0-8041-8629-2 3814:Moore, Victoria. 3737:, 9 November 2018 3703:, 15 January 2016 3683:Davies, Richard. 3552:"Dining and Bars" 3229:, 13 October 2010 3096:, 13 October 2013 2931:, 10 October 2010 2842:, 5 February 2010 2788:Sylt, Christian. 2736:Stamford, Janie. 2639:"Crowning Moment" 2571:Saxon, Wolfgang. 2536:Thomson, Basil. 2444:Jones, Ronald F. 2427:Plimmer, Martin. 2107:Richardson, Tim. 2001:, Vol. 3 (1878), 1942:Prynn, Jonathan. 1906:(Subscription or 1807:London portal 1795:Hotels portal 1510:baisers de Vierge 1501:(a flaming ice), 1331:Savoy Havana Band 939:Ninette de Valois 884:Charles de Gaulle 876:Winston Churchill 765:Sir Edward Carson 743:Auguste Escoffier 531:, descended from 506:. The hotel is a 504:Thames Embankment 485:Winston Churchill 483:and many others. 397:Savoy Havana Band 380:Auguste Escoffier 344: 343: 217:Other information 110:, London, England 16:(Redirected from 4732: 4648: 4647: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4408:The Lanesborough 4373:Hotel Café Royal 4313:Flemings Mayfair 4278:The Dilly London 4268:Courthouse Hotel 4132:Hotels in London 4125: 4118: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4054: 4053: 4051:Official website 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4005: 3986: 3968: 3949: 3932: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3848: 3837: 3831: 3812: 3806: 3795: 3789: 3778: 3772: 3761: 3755: 3744: 3738: 3729:Sgarbi, Giulia. 3727: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3672: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3630: 3624: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3471:"Arnold Bennett" 3467: 3461: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3391: 3372: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3298:Grainger, Lisa. 3296: 3290: 3283: 3270: 3259: 3250: 3239: 3230: 3219: 3213: 3175: 3169: 3150: 3144: 3131: 3122: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3086: 3080: 3079:, 13 August 2014 3069: 3058: 3048: 3042: 3029: 3023: 3012: 3003: 2992: 2986: 2976: 2967: 2960: 2954: 2943: 2932: 2921: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2891:Lovell, Jeremy. 2889: 2883: 2874:Ward, Michelle. 2872: 2863: 2852: 2843: 2823: 2817: 2808:Sawer, Patrick. 2806: 2797: 2786: 2777: 2768:Walsh, Dominic. 2766: 2760: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2591: 2580: 2569: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2534: 2528: 2525:"François Latry" 2522: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2442: 2436: 2425: 2419: 2414: 2387: 2386:, 8 October 2010 2376: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2329: 2323: 2312: 2306: 2302:The Daily Mirror 2298: 2292: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2196: 2187: 2176: 2170: 2160: 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