846:, he has a vision of Rhoda. She tells him that she is now his accuser in heaven, on account of unchaste and impure thoughts the (now) married narrator once had regarding her. He is to repent and pray for forgiveness, for himself and all his house. He is consoled by a vision of the Church in the form of an aged woman, weak and helpless from the sins of her unfaithful children, who tells him to bear fruits of repentance and to correct the sins of his children. Subsequently, after his repentance he sees her made younger, yet still wrinkled and with white hair; then again, later she appears as quite young but still with white hair; and lastly, she shows herself as a glorious Bride.
1554:
with the Holy Spirit; for the career of this flesh pleased , seeing that, as possessing the Holy Spirit, it was not defiled upon the earth. He therefore took the son as adviser and the glorious angels also, that this flesh too, having served the Spirit unblamably, might have some place of sojourn, and might not seem to have lost the reward for its service; for all flesh, which is found undefiled and unspotted, wherein the Holy Spirit dwelt, shall receive a reward."
42:
596:
902:) in the form of visions, which are explained by the angel. The longest of these (Similitude 9) is an elaboration of the parable of the building of a tower, which had formed the matter of the third vision. The tower is the Church, and the stones of which it is built are the faithful. In the third vision it looks as though only the holy are a part of the true Church; in Similitude 9 it is clearly pointed out that all the
1566:"Jesus was either regarded as the man whom God hath chosen, in whom the Deity or the Spirit of God dwelt, and who, after being tested, was adopted by God and invested with dominion, (Adoptian Christology); or Jesus was regarded as a heavenly spiritual being (the highest after God) who took flesh, and again returned to heaven after the completion of his work on earth (pneumatic Christology)."
1073:, where both works and faith are needed to be saved. For Hermas baptism is necessary to be saved and warns those who undergo baptism by the danger of postbaptismal sins. Shepherd of Hermas possibly supports delaying baptism for practical reasons which is because of the fear of post-baptismal sins. According to Hermas, those who fall into sin after baptism, have only one chance of
1911:
1054:. Bogdan G. Bucur says the document was widely accepted among orthodox Christians, yet was not criticized for apparently exhibiting an adoptionistic Christology. He says that the passage in question should be understood as Jesus making his dwelling within those who submit to his spirit, so that the adoption that takes place is not of Jesus, but of his followers.
813:
925:
and other
Johannine texts are thought to set the date of composition in the 2nd century. However, several ancient witnesses support an early dating and there is internal evidence for the place and date of this work in the language and theology of the work. The reference to an unknown Clement is
853:
continues through the other parts of the work. In the second vision she gives Hermas a book, which she later takes back in order to add to it. The fifth vision, which is represented as taking place 20 days after the fourth, introduces "the Angel (Messenger) of repentance" in the guise of a shepherd,
1553:
dwelt, was subject unto the Spirit, walking honorably in holiness and purity, without in any way defiling the Spirit. When then it had lived honorably in chastity, and had labored with the Spirit, and had cooperated with it in everything, behaving itself boldly and bravely, He chose it as a partner
1012:
very recently, in our times, in the city of Rome, while bishop Pius, his brother, was occupying the chair of the church of the city of Rome. And therefore it ought indeed to be read; but it cannot be read publicly to the people in church either among the
Prophets, whose number is complete, or among
1525:
1291:"The Pastor of Hermas was one of the most popular books, if not the most popular book, in the Christian Church during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries. It occupied a position analogous in some respects to Bunyan's
1046:) or only-begotten Son of God and is to be identified as such from his conception; Christ's identity as the Logos (Jn 1:1), in which the Logos is further understood to be uncreated and coessentially divine with
1680:
1061:
understanding of God, as it calls the Holy Spirit the Son of God. Not all, however agree that Hermas has binitarianism. Kelly calls the
Christology of Hermas "an amalgam of binitarianism and adoptionism.
1113:. Though Hermas does not mention a rapture, he writes of believers that "have escaped from great tribulation on account of faith" and that others could also escape "the great tribulation that is coming".
1133:
had deserved to be included in the Divine
Instrument, and if it were not judged by every council of the Churches, even of your own Churches, among the apocryphal." And again, he says that the
1844:"Henry Wace: Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
570:
1249:
2020:
Marco
Frenschkowski, "Vision als Imagination. Beobachtungen zum differenzierten Wirklichkeitsanspruch fruehchristlicher Visionsliteratur," in Nicola Hoemke, Manuel Baumbach (hrsg),
2085:
1484:, then, might be based upon personal recollections, and upon the traditions of a family which the spirit of prophecy had reproved, and who were monuments of its power." (Schaff,
1480:
wrote hopefully, "It would not be a very bold conjecture, that Hermas and his brother were elderly grandchildren of the original Hermas, the friend of St. Paul.
2034:
Christian Tornau – Paolo
Cecconi (Eds.), The Shepherd of Hermas in Latin. Critical Edition of the Oldest Translation Vulgata, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2014.
1526:"Ten Basics Facts about the NT Canon that Every Christian Should Memorize: "At the End of the Second Century, the Muratorian Fragment lists 22 of our 27 NT books""
1625:
The Letter of the Roman Church to the
Corinthian Church from the Era of Domitian: 1 Clement: With a Collection of Articles on 1 Clement by Adolf von Harnack
1336:
The Text of the New
Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes
1040:
was, at least initially, only a mortal man) was one of two competing doctrines about Jesus's true nature, the other being that he pre-existed as the Word (
624:
1549:"The Holy Pre-existent Spirit. Which created the whole creation, God made to dwell in flesh that He desired. This flesh, therefore, in which the
988:, generally considered to have been written c. 170 AD (although a few scholars disagree with this dating), may be the earliest known
1444:, retrieved 14 March 2020. First printed in Vol. XII, Fasc. 3, pp. 232–234. Sundermann provides an English translation of the Persian text.
1749:
1987:
Carolyn Osiek, "The Oral World of Early
Christianity in Rome: The Case of Hermas.," in Karl P. Donfried and Peter Richardson (eds),
515:
1868:
1339:
951:
Three ancient witnesses claim to identify the author of this writing. These authorities may be citing the same source, perhaps
930:; if this is that Clement, it would suggest a date c. 90 for at least the historicised setting of the first two visions. Since
84:
2013:
2011:
Jörg Rüpke, "Der Hirte des Hermas: Plausibilisierungs- und
Legitimierungs strategien im Übergang von Antike und Christentum,"
866:. One point which deserves special mention is the instruction of a Christian husband's obligation to forgive and take back an
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842:, who was at Rome. After many years I met her again, and began to love her as a sister." As Hermas is on the road to
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610:
25:
1843:
2172:
183:
440:
324:
874:, is concerned with false prophets who desire to occupy the primary, or best seats (that is to say, among the
123:
1195:, edited by Roberts and Donaldson (Buffalo, New York, 1886). Other English translations are by Kirsopp Lake,
683:
of the late first half of the second century, considered a valuable book by many Christians, and considered
1957:
Die christliche Lehrer im zweiten Jahrhundert. Ihre Lehrtätigkeit, ihr Selbsverständnis und ihre Geschichte
485:
427:
131:
2125:
1514:
in "The Canon Debate" (ed. L. M. McDonald and J. A. Sanders), pp. 405–415. Massachusetts: Hendrickson
764:
and fragments of translations in both the Sahidic and Akhmimic dialects survive. Three translations into
408:
2004:, "Apokalyptische Salzberge: Zum sozialen Ort und zur literarischen Strategie des 'Hirten des Hermas',"
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1964:
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Fathers of the Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, and Clement of Alexandria
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148:
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834:, a former slave. This is followed by twelve mandates or commandments, and ten similitudes (aka
745:, was made at the beginning of the fifth century. Of the Greek version, the last fifth or so is
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334:
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89:
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version, but no Arabic translation has been preserved. There does not appear to have been a
1584:
The Son of God and the Angelomorphic Holy Spirit: A Rereading of the Shepherd's Christology
1160:
956:
941:
906:
are included, though they may be cast out for grave sins, and can be readmitted only after
785:
381:
329:
104:
1803:"Shepherd of Hermas | Description, Summary, History, Importance, & Facts | Britannica"
1571:
1364:"Shepherd of Hermas | Description, Summary, History, Importance, & Facts | Britannica"
8:
1135:
985:
960:
838:). It commences abruptly in the first person: "He who brought me up sold me to a certain
706:
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was popular among Christians in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th centuries. It is found in the
600:
582:
495:
460:
371:
319:
282:
277:
245:
99:
1971:
D. P. O'Brien, "The Cumaean Sibyl as the Revelation-bearer in the Shepherd of Hermas,"
1962:
Carolyn Osiek, "The Second Century through the Eyes of Hermas: Continuity and Change,"
1703:
1200:
1191:(London, 1820). An English translation is also in volume ii of the American edition of
1126:
969:
964:
922:
863:
746:
376:
314:
272:
255:
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2024:(Heidelberg, 2006) (Studien zur griechischen und lateinischen Poesie, 6), pp. 339–366.
1802:
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1939:
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1728:
1707:
1656:
1629:
1602:
1567:
1393:
1343:
1225:
1156:
1143:, is "more received among the Churches than the apocryphal epistle of the Shepherd".
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974:
918:
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from whom the whole work takes its name. He delivers to Hermas a series of precepts (
831:
824:
769:
765:
741:(common language), was made very shortly afterwards. A second Latin translation, the
714:
550:
240:
61:
2044:
1778:
Sacramental Forgiveness as a Gift of God: Thomas Aquinas on the Sacrament of Penance
1695:
1410:
The Shepherd of Hermas in Latin: Critical Edition of the Oldest Translation Vulgata
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235:
208:
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2001:
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510:
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Heavenly Stories: Tiered Salvation in the New Testament and Ancient Christianity
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Kelly calls Hermas's christology an "amalgam of binitarianism and adoptionism"
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921:, the nature of the theology, and the author's apparent familiarity with the
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1652:
The Earliest Christologies: Five Images of Christ in the Postapostolic Age
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and disciplinarian rigorism, however a direct connection does not exist.
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and desired to be admitted among the priests (or possibly even to become
734:
718:
545:
1598:
The Shepherd of Hermas: A Literary, Historical, and Theological Handbook
1187:(Archbishop of Canterbury 1716–1737) is given in W. Hone and J. Jones's
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The book has a high emphasis on morals and the work is an indication of
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907:
797:
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306:
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Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 27 September 2017
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readership which survives in a single fragmentary manuscript found at
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875:
753:
is therefore the earliest translation and the most complete witness.
41:
2022:
Fremde Wirklichkeiten: Literarische Phantastik und antike Literatur
1946:
Carolyn Osiek, "The Genre and Function of the Shepherd of Hermas,"
1914: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1129:), for he replies: "I would admit your argument, if the writing of
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945:
871:
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850:
692:
1512:
The Mutatorian Fragment and the Origins of the New Testament Canon
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had quoted it as an authority (though evidently not as one of the
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Joseph Verheyden, "The Shepherd of Hermas," in Paul Foster (ed),
1074:
978:
903:
898:
879:
835:
595:
363:
94:
1959:(Leiden, 1989) (Vigiliae Christianae. Supplements, 4), pp. 9–15.
1948:
1937:
Carolyn Osiek, "Wealth and Poverty in the Shepherd of Hermas,"
1001:
955:, whose lost history of the early Church provided material for
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773:
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were also made, but none survives complete. The sole surviving
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2079:
Shepherd of Hermas Critical Translation + Audio Dramatization
1042:
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of Popes (a record that was later used in the writing of the
843:
780:
translation and no Syriac author shows any awareness of the
730:
1829:
The Complete History of the Christian Church (With Bible)
1199:(Harvard Univ. Press, Loeb Classical Library, 1913), and
1106:
formulated have their origin in the Shepherd of Hermas.
1282:
Davidson & Leaney, Biblical Criticism: p. 230.
1295:
in modern times." (F. Crombie, translator of Schaff,
1109:
Some have argued that Hermas is the first example of
1980:
Carolyn Osiek, "The Shepherd of Hermas in Context,"
1207:(NY, Harper & Bros. 1950). In general, consult:
1032:
spirit" and adopted as the Son. In the 2nd century,
944:'s opinion that he was the author of this religious
1139:, which is Tertullian's name for the New Testament
870:wife upon her repentance. The eleventh mandate, on
657:
2031:(London, 2007) (T & T Clark Biblical Studies).
1330:
1050:(that is, the Father), was affirmed in 325 at the
862:), which form an interesting development of early
934:sent greetings to a Hermas, a Christian of Rome (
16:Christian literary work of the 1st or 2nd century
2139:
1392:Macmillan & Co., 1891, p. 160; Reprint
1116:
1408:Christian Tornau. (2014). Paolo Cecconi (ed.),
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
2074:(English Translation) Early Christian Writings
2045:A large collection of English translations of
1989:Judaism and Christianity in First-Century Rome
1681:"Justification by Faith: a Patristic Doctrine"
1423:The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy
830:The book consists of five visions granted to
618:
1302:
772:translation seems to have been made from an
760:was also translated at least twice into the
2122:Bibliography and links to on-line articles.
1920:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Hermas".
1183:(Oxford, 1911). The English translation by
724:
2098:
1919:
1869:"Myths of the Origin of Pretribulationism"
1488:, introduction to "the Pastor of Hermas").
792:than in the rest of the east. There was a
625:
611:
2062:Archbishop Wake's English Translation of
1648:
1230:Chronologie der altchristlichen Literatur
1022:In parable 5, the author mentions a
1013:the Apostles, for it is after their time.
992:of New Testament writings. It identifies
896:After the mandates come ten similitudes (
1873:Myths of the Origin of Pretribulationism
1678:
1594:
1028:, as a virtuous man filled with a holy "
811:
1774:
1710:– via Cambridge University Press.
1621:
1175:, edited by Harmon (London, 1893); the
940: 16:14), a minority have followed
2140:
1825:
1747:
1523:
1340:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
1213:Literary History of Early Christianity
913:
878:). Some have seen here a reference to
1720:
1250:Confession in the first two centuries
1220:History of Early Christian Literature
2111:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1926:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1727:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1324:
784:. It was always more popular in the
2049:, including some in modern English.
2014:Zeitschrift für antikes Christentum
1943:, Vol. 17, Pt 2, 1982, pp. 725–730.
1866:
1412:. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter.
1095:, such as a support of a belief in
729:The book was originally written in
13:
1991:(Grand Rapids, 1998), pp. 151–172.
1974:Journal of Early Christian Studies
1931:
1672:
1649:Papandrea, James L. (2016-03-30).
14:
2184:
2099:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2038:
2029:Writings of the Apostolic Fathers
1688:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
1622:Harnack, Adolf von (2021-02-04).
1595:Lookadoo, Jonathon (2021-03-25).
1428:
1316:Chapman, John. (1910). "Hermas."
737:. A first Latin translation, the
46:First page of the Gospel of Judas
2086:J.B. Lightfoot, introduction to
1996:Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary
1909:
1163:(Tübingen, 1901), and, with its
1091:Hermas has some similarities to
594:
516:Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca
40:
1892:
1879:
1860:
1836:
1819:
1795:
1768:
1748:Wright, David F. (2009-11-16).
1741:
1721:Kocar, Alexander (2021-07-30).
1714:
1642:
1615:
1588:
1576:
1560:
1543:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1471:
1455:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hermas"
1447:
1057:Some believe that Hermas has a
184:History of Joseph the Carpenter
2006:Archiv für Religionsgeschichte
1415:
1402:
1382:
1356:
1285:
1276:
981:in the 3rd or 4th century AD.
1:
2095: (archived April 1, 2008)
1826:Schaff, Philip (2019-12-18).
1628:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
1497:A suggestion made by Bunsen,
1270:
1117:Place in Christian literature
883:
1982:Acta Patristica et Byzantina
1151:The Greek text is edited by
571:Resurrection of Jesus Christ
7:
2148:2nd-century Christian texts
1524:Kruger, Michael J. (2013).
1501:, vol. I, p. 315.
1434:Werner Sundermann (2012 ),
1243:
1232:, volume i (Leipzig, 1897).
1215:, volume ii (London, 1893).
1146:
1017:
807:
658:
85:Polycarp to the Philippians
10:
2189:
1965:Biblical Theology Bulletin
1556:Earlychristianwritings.com
1338:. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
762:Coptic (Egyptian) language
561:Prayer of the Apostle Paul
2158:Christian anti-Gnosticism
1700:10.1017/S0022046906008207
1601:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1436:"Hermas, The Shepherd of"
1318:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1111:pre-tribulational rapture
973:) and a poem written by "
709:identifies the author of
670:), sometimes just called
647:
1968:, 20, 1990, pp. 116–122.
1952:, 36, 1986, pp. 113–121.
1510:G. M. Hahneman. (2002).
1425:(Brill, 2019), pp. 9–10.
1334:; Barbara Aland (1995).
1189:Apocryphal New Testament
1179:of Hermas was edited by
1121:Tertullian implies that
959:. The witnesses are the
725:Language and translation
566:Questions of Bartholomew
132:Jewish–Christian gospels
2163:New Testament apocrypha
2017:, 7, 2003, pp. 362–384.
2008:, 1, 1999, pp. 148–160.
1984:, 8, 1997, pp. 115–134.
1867:Ice, Thomas D. (2009).
1679:Williams, D.H. (2006).
1369:Encyclopedia Britannica
1255:Hermas of Philippopolis
1052:First Council of Nicaea
926:presumed by some to be
796:translation made for a
601:Christianity portal
34:New Testament apocrypha
2173:Nature of Jesus Christ
2088:The Shepherd of Hermas
2071:The Shepherd of Hermas
2064:The Shepherd of Hermas
2056:The Shepherd of Hermas
2047:The Shepherd of Hermas
1781:. Peeters Publishers.
1775:Luijten, Eric (2003).
1754:. InterVarsity Press.
1655:. InterVarsity Press.
1499:Hippolyrus and His Age
1390:The Apostolic Fathers,
1237:The Shepherd of Hermas
1141:Epistle to the Hebrews
1015:
827:
817:The Shepherd of Hermas
804:in what is now China.
667:
639:The Shepherd of Hermas
441:Andrew and Bartholomew
110:The Shepherd of Hermas
2120:on earlychurch.org.uk
2108:Catholic Encyclopedia
1923:Catholic Encyclopedia
1441:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1205:The Apostolic Fathers
1197:The Apostolic Fathers
1102:The principles which
1006:
815:
687:by some of the early
541:Clementine literature
293:Gospel of the Hebrews
90:Martyrdom of Polycarp
1998:(Minneapolis, 1999).
1751:Baptism: Three Views
1570:, History of Dogma,
1421:Jonathan E. Soyars,
1159:(Leipzig, 1877), by
1000:, as the brother of
957:Eusebius of Caesarea
942:Origen of Alexandria
851:allegorical language
823:, 3rd century,
786:Western Roman Empire
486:Peter and the Twelve
382:Epistula Apostolorum
80:Epistles of Ignatius
2126:Fragments of Hermas
1193:Ante-Nicene Fathers
1136:Epistle of Barnabas
1084:—still keeping the
1082:Jewish Christianity
986:Muratorian fragment
961:Muratorian fragment
914:Authorship and date
882:, who came to Rome
707:Muratorian fragment
685:canonical scripture
583:Nag Hammadi library
372:Apocryphon of James
1807:www.britannica.com
1293:Pilgrim's Progress
1201:Edgar J. Goodspeed
1127:books of the Bible
1004:, bishop of Rome:
970:Liber Pontificalis
965:Liberian Catalogue
923:Book of Revelation
828:
377:Apocryphon of John
124:Apocryphal gospels
2153:Apostolic Fathers
1977:, 5, 1997, No. 4.
1940:Studia Patristica
1788:978-90-429-1305-9
1761:978-0-8308-7819-2
1734:978-0-8122-9974-8
1662:978-0-8308-9972-2
1635:978-1-7252-7378-8
1608:978-0-567-69794-3
1582:Bogdan G. Bucur,
1568:Adolf von Harnack
1459:www.newadvent.org
1388:J. B. Lightfoot,
1349:978-0-8028-4098-1
1239:(New York, 1901).
1222:(New York, 1897).
1173:Apostolic Fathers
1069:understanding of
1008:But Hermas wrote
975:Pseudo-Tertullian
919:Textual criticism
825:Catacombs of Rome
717:, the brother of
656:
635:
634:
551:Doctrine of Addai
62:Apostolic Fathers
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1167:translation, by
1123:Pope Callixtus I
996:, the author of
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702:Codex Sinaiticus
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648:Ποιμὴν τοῦ Ἑρμᾶ
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50:Codex Tchacos
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35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2168:Antilegomena
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2012:
2005:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1955:U. Neymeyr,
1947:
1938:
1921:
1899:
1898:Tertullian,
1894:
1886:
1885:Tertullian,
1881:
1872:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1848:www.ccel.org
1847:
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1810:. Retrieved
1806:
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1533:. Retrieved
1530:canon fodder
1529:
1519:
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1485:
1482:The Shepherd
1481:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:
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1389:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1367:
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1296:
1292:
1287:
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1212:
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1185:William Wake
1176:
1172:
1150:
1134:
1131:The Shepherd
1130:
1120:
1108:
1101:
1090:
1086:Law of Moses
1079:
1064:
1056:
1041:
1038:Jesus Christ
1030:pre-existent
1023:
1021:
1010:The Shepherd
1009:
1007:
998:The Shepherd
997:
983:
968:
950:
935:
917:
897:
895:
859:
855:
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781:
757:
755:
750:
742:
738:
728:
711:The Shepherd
710:
700:
697:The Shepherd
696:
673:The Shepherd
672:
671:
638:
637:
636:
556:Pilate cycle
409:Alexandrians
387:Pseudo-Titus
262:Lost gospels
182:
109:
48:(Page 33 of
18:
1832:. e-artnow.
1551:Holy Spirit
1535:November 8,
1332:Aland, Kurt
1260:Papyrus 129
1211:Cruttwell,
1071:soteriology
1034:adoptionism
735:Koine Greek
546:Diatessaron
461:The Martyrs
307:Apocalypses
268:Bartholomew
224:The Saviour
219:Secret Mark
2142:Categories
2002:Jörg Rüpke
1853:2022-05-03
1812:2022-05-03
1464:2022-05-03
1375:2024-04-17
1271:References
1059:binitarian
1025:Son of God
977:" against
953:Hegesippus
908:repentance
876:presbyters
868:adulterous
798:Manichaean
790:Alexandria
414:Laodiceans
1708:170253443
1169:Lightfoot
1093:Montanism
1067:synergist
899:parabolai
819:, or the
678:Christian
653:romanized
283:Basilides
278:Cerinthus
246:Nicodemus
149:Nazarenes
139:Ebionites
105:Diognetus
75:2 Clement
70:1 Clement
2118:Shepherd
2116:Hermas'
1572:CCEL.org
1297:op. cit.
1244:See also
1235:Taylor,
1218:Krüger,
1153:Gebhardt
1147:Editions
1104:Novatian
1018:Theology
946:allegory
904:baptized
872:humility
836:parables
808:Contents
782:Shepherd
770:Georgian
758:Shepherd
743:Palatina
693:Irenaeus
691:such as
501:Thaddeus
456:Mar Mari
446:Barnabas
364:Epistles
273:Matthias
256:Barnabas
100:Barnabas
26:a series
24:Part of
2091:at the
1918::
1226:Harnack
1165:English
1157:Harnack
1075:penance
979:Marcion
880:Marcion
860:entolai
856:mandata
788:and in
751:Vulgata
747:missing
739:Vulgata
676:, is a
655::
511:Timothy
345:2 James
340:1 James
335:Stephen
241:Marcion
144:Hebrews
95:Didache
1949:Semeia
1785:
1758:
1731:
1706:
1659:
1632:
1605:
1396:
1346:
1002:Pius I
994:Hermas
963:, the
937:Romans
832:Hermas
802:Turfan
778:Syriac
774:Arabic
749:. The
719:Pius I
715:Hermas
705:. The
506:Thomas
496:Pilate
491:Philip
436:Andrew
350:2 John
330:Thomas
236:Thomas
209:Philip
173:Syriac
168:Thomas
1902:p. 20
1889:p. 10
1704:S2CID
1684:(PDF)
1438:, in
1043:Logos
990:canon
849:This
844:Cumae
840:Rhode
664:Latin
644:Greek
529:Misc.
471:Peter
320:Peter
251:Peter
214:Truth
199:Judas
163:James
1783:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1537:2023
1394:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1181:Lake
1161:Funk
1155:and
984:The
932:Paul
756:The
731:Rome
466:Paul
451:John
428:Acts
315:Paul
288:Mani
204:Mary
2128:in
1696:doi
1048:God
893:).
733:in
713:as
2144::
2105:.
1871:.
1846:.
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1702:.
1692:57
1690:.
1686:.
1665:.
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1366:.
1304:^
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1228:,
1203:,
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666::
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650:,
646::
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