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The Wheels of If

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296:, given that the Celtic/Roman schism had rendered Roman Catholicism weaker than it was in our timeline. Gorm, a Danish monarch, succeeded in unifying the British Isles and Scandinavia, which stayed united thereafter, despite intervals of disunity. In the tenth century, one "Ketil Ingolfson" discovered North America. However, Europe had nowhere near the population scale that it possessed by the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in our own timeline. This meant that Vinland's growth was truncated as Native Americans recovered from the arrival of European germs and epidemic disease and engaged in political consolidation. By its twentieth century, Vinland has a parliamentary democracy with several political parties and an elected legislature. "New Belfast" (New York) is its largest city. In technological terms, they have automated vehicles and aircraft, albeit steam powered in the latter case, as well as 358:"an even more ambitious" work, in that, while most such works "limited themselves to the first few years after the change occurred", this story focuses on the consequences of divergences from actual history taking place over a thousand years in its past. It "opened the floodgates" of the field, with "approximately 1,500 novels and short stories ... published since de Camp first began exploring the field" as of 1998 (the figure is attributed to bibliographer Robert Schmunk). 328:
in our timeline. To get home, Park must continue his counterpart's struggle while somehow unraveling the mystery of how to reunite the minds of all his selves with their proper realities. Ultimately successful in these goals, he decides the life he has built for himself as "Scoglund" is better than
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who have colonized Brazil, known as the Emirate of the dar al-Harb in this timeline. Turtledove's sequel does not use de Camp's device of mind-transfer between alternate worlds, focusing instead completely on Park/Scoglund's new life in his adopted world subsequent to "The Wheels of If". The story
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anything he would be likely to achieve in his original life, and elects to remain in Vinland. At the very end of the story, the International Court appoints Skoglund/Park as a member of a trouble-shooting international tribunal established to deal with disputes among the various American nations.
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The displacement of his consciousness turns out to have been incidental to a plot directed against his local other self, Bishop Ib Scoglund, whose campaign to extend civil rights to Vinland's native inhabitants, the
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and now divided between Norse-derived and native polities. He determines that this new world's differences from his own stem from two divergences in the course of history, relative to his own world.
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credits the story in a footnote of his 1968 paper "Counterpart theory and quantified modal logic" as a source for his conception of individuals across possible worlds (p.115, fn.3)
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wrote a sequel, "The Pugnacious Peacemaker", in which Park/Scoglund serves as a diplomat attempting to defuse a war between Tawantiinsuuju (his adopted world's still-existent
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described the story as a "typical de Camp adventure with an alternative future wryly reminiscent of certain episodes in our own history."
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David Lewis, "Counterpart theory and quantified modal logic", The Journal of Philosophy, March 7, 1968
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lawyer Allister Park is inexplicably torn from his normal existence and thrust into a series of
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insurgency and occupation. This meant that Italy placed itself under the protection of the
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for October, 1940, and first appeared in book form in de Camp's collection
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Years in the Making: the Time-Travel Stories of L. Sprague de Camp
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was published together with de Camp's original story in
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and disrupting the formation of France due to continued
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The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens
471:. San Francisco, Underwood/Miller, 1983, page 104. 445:. San Francisco, Underwood/Miller, 1983, page 261. 253:, a North America colonized by descendants of the 389:Many years after publication of de Camp's story, 214:, 1999). The story has also been translated into 2501:Works originally published in Unknown (magazine) 2477: 480:Laughlin, Charlotte, and Levack, Daniel J. H. 467:Laughlin, Charlotte, and Levack, Daniel J. H. 454:Laughlin, Charlotte, and Levack, Daniel J. H. 441:Laughlin, Charlotte, and Levack, Daniel J. H. 588: 474: 448: 437: 435: 160:in 1970, in de Camp's subsequent collections 2196:The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales 2132:The Virgin of Zesh & The Tower of Zanid 482:De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography 469:De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography 456:De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography 443:De Camp: An L. Sprague de Camp Bibliography 595: 581: 461: 432: 405:The Pugnacious Peacemaker/The Wheels of If 371:identified it as one of the influences of 197:The Pugnacious Peacemaker/The Wheels of If 149:The Wheels of If and Other Science Fiction 1734:3000 Years of Fantasy and Science Fiction 140:. It was first published in the magazine 415:Down in the Bottomlands and Other Places 207:Down in the Bottomlands and Other Places 492: 490: 2478: 602: 312:-dominated Dakotia, which encompasses 284:in 732 AD, aborting the later rise of 1922:Rubber Dinosaurs and Wooden Elephants 576: 525: 16:Short story by L. Sprague de Camp 1802:The Heroic Age of American Invention 487: 2491:Short stories by L. Sprague de Camp 13: 1943:Blond Barbarians and Noble Savages 558:Sandra Miesel, "The Mana Crisis", 497:ISFDB entry for "The Wheels of If" 354:(1939), the story is according to 276:in 664 AD. The other was that the 14: 2512: 1890:Great Cities of the Ancient World 533:"Steven Silver's Introduction to 320:and the extreme eastern areas of 183:Unknown Worlds: Tales from Beyond 1975:Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers 38: 2486:Alternate history short stories 2396:Sprague de Camp's New Anthology 2164:The Complete Compleat Enchanter 1858:The Story of Science in America 1770:Inventions and Their Management 552: 221: 2332:The Best of L. Sprague de Camp 1882:Darwin and His Great Discovery 1778:The Evolution of Naval Weapons 541: 514: 501: 180:, 2005), and in the anthology 1: 1834:Ancient Ruins and Archaeology 1627:The Dragon of the Ishtar Gate 866:Sir Harold and the Gnome King 425: 945:The Stone of the Witch Queen 343: 332: 47:'s illustration of the story 7: 2420:The Virgin & the Wheels 163:The Virgin & the Wheels 10: 2517: 1898:The Ragged Edge of Science 1850:Spirits, Stars, and Spells 1182:The Frost Giant's Daughter 509:Astounding Science Fiction 270:pre-Schism Roman tradition 2446: 2115: 2080: 2029: 1932: 1906:The Fringe of the Unknown 1759: 1752: 1669: 1643:An Elephant for Aristotle 1618: 1407: 1332: 1321: 1160:The Curse of the Monolith 1109: 1050: 1041: 1014: 954: 884: 817: 744: 717: 621: 610: 384: 136:story by American writer 113: 101: 89: 84: 74: 66: 58: 37: 26: 21: 2404:Tales from Gavagan's Bar 2316:The Treasure of Tranicos 2188:The Mathematics of Magic 2140:The Incomplete Enchanter 2007:Science-Fiction Handbook 1651:The Bronze God of Rhodes 1308:Wolves Beyond the Border 1245:The People of the Summit 1224:The Lair of the Ice Worm 1125:The Treasure of Tranicos 1059:Conan and the Spider God 835:The Mathematics of Magic 734:The Venom Trees of Sunga 691:The Prisoner of Zhamanak 260:The first was that King 2463:The Enchanter Completed 2364:The Purple Pterodactyls 2054:To Quebec and the Stars 1866:The Day of the Dinosaur 1710:The Fantastic Swordsmen 1023:The Incorporated Knight 1004:The Honorable Barbarian 753:The Animal-Cracker Plot 300:in its alternate 1940. 143:Unknown Fantasy Fiction 95:Unknown Fantasy Fiction 2412:The Undesired Princess 2228:The Conan Chronicles 2 2156:The Compleat Enchanter 1991:Lovecraft: A Biography 1874:The Great Monkey Trial 1635:The Arrows of Hercules 1301:The Witch of the Mists 1294:The Thing in the Crypt 1259:The Road of the Eagles 1118:Black Sphinx of Nebthu 760:The Colorful Character 707:The Swords of Zinjaban 412:, 1990), and later in 2324:Aristotle and the Gun 2097:Heroes and Hobgoblins 1999:The Miscast Barbarian 1826:The Ancient Engineers 1726:Warlocks and Warriors 1416:Aristotle and the Gun 1280:The Snout in the Dark 1252:Red Moon of Zembabwei 1139:The Blood-Stained God 1031:The Pixilated Peeress 874:Sir Harold of Zodanga 774:The Inspector's Teeth 511:, October 1949, p.142 361:American philosopher 2455:GURPS Planet Krishna 2372:The Reluctant Shaman 2268:Conan the Freebooter 2252:Conan the Adventurer 2220:The Conan Chronicles 2180:The Exotic Enchanter 2172:The Enchanter Reborn 2105:Phantoms and Fancies 2089:Demons and Dinosaurs 1570:The Reluctant Shaman 1563:Nothing in the Rules 1273:Shadows in the Skull 1203:The Hall of the Dead 1189:The Gem in the Tower 1146:The Castle of Terror 938:The Rug and the Bull 917:The Hungry Hercynian 850:The Wall of Serpents 788:The Continent Makers 726:The Stones of Nomuru 262:Oswiu of Northumbria 2436:Years in the Making 2276:Conan the Swordsman 2038:The Conan Swordbook 1959:Dark Valley Destiny 1718:Conan the Conqueror 1591:The Stolen Dormouse 1577:The Saxon Pretender 1521:Internal Combustion 1287:The Star of Khorala 1266:Shadows in the Dark 1231:Legions of the Dead 1196:The God in the Bowl 1099:The Return of Conan 1091:Conan the Liberator 1083:Conan the Buccaneer 1075:Conan the Barbarian 996:The Unbeheaded King 910:The Owl and the Ape 828:The Roaring Trumpet 560:The Magic Goes Away 378:The Magic Goes Away 266:Celtic Christianity 249:of New Belfast, in 235:American Revolution 2496:1940 short stories 2356:A Gun for Dinosaur 2348:Footprints on Sand 2292:Conan the Wanderer 2236:Conan of Aquilonia 2204:The Reluctant King 2070:The Spell of Conan 2062:The Blade of Conan 2046:The Conan Grimoire 1914:The Ape-Man Within 1786:Antarctic Conquest 1694:The Spell of Seven 1686:Swords and Sorcery 1619:Historical fiction 1486:A Gun for Dinosaur 1444:Cornzan the Mighty 1437:The Contraband Cow 1381:Lest Darkness Fall 1357:The Glory That Was 1341:The Carnelian Cube 1153:The City of Skulls 1067:Conan of the Isles 988:The Fallible Fiend 973:The Clocks of Iraz 924:The Stronger Spell 903:The Eye of Tandyla 895:The Tritonian Ring 858:The Green Magician 842:The Castle of Iron 796:The Galton Whistle 683:The Hostage of Zir 675:The Tower of Zanid 667:The Virgin of Zesh 637:The Queen of Zamba 604:L. Sprague de Camp 351:Lest Darkness Fall 338:P. Schuyler Miller 268:, rather than the 231:parallel universes 138:L. Sprague de Camp 127:"The Wheels of If" 32:L. Sprague de Camp 22:"The Wheels of If" 2473: 2472: 2284:Conan the Usurper 2260:Conan the Avenger 2244:Conan of Cimmeria 2030:Nonfiction edited 2025: 2024: 1742:Tales Beyond Time 1702:Conan the Warrior 1614: 1613: 1493:The Hardwood Pile 1317: 1316: 1217:The Ivory Goddess 1167:Drums of Tombalku 981:The Emperor's Fan 813: 812: 699:The Bones of Zora 264:was persuaded by 131:alternate history 124: 123: 2508: 2428:The Wheels of If 2148:Wall of Serpents 1951:The Conan Reader 1818:Energy and Power 1757: 1756: 1605:The Wheels of If 1584:The Space Clause 1423:The Blue Giraffe 1389:None but Lucifer 1373:Land of Unreason 1365:The Great Fetish 1330: 1329: 1048: 1047: 1015:Neo-Napolitanian 965:The Goblin Tower 931:Ka the Appalling 653:Perpetual Motion 619: 618: 614:Interplanetarias 597: 590: 583: 574: 573: 567: 556: 550: 545: 539: 531:Silver, Steven. 529: 523: 518: 512: 507:"Book Reviews", 505: 499: 494: 485: 478: 472: 465: 459: 452: 446: 439: 391:Harry Turtledove 294:Byzantine Empire 192:Harry 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121: 115: 111: 110: 103: 99: 98: 91: 87: 86: 82: 81: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 53:, October 1940 43: 35: 34: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2513: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447:About de Camp 2445: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2125: 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Empire 373:Larry Niven 363:David lewis 286:Charlemagne 237:failed and 178:NESFA Press 85:Publication 45:Edd Cartier 28:Short story 2480:Categories 1753:Nonfiction 1556:The Merman 1465:Employment 1349:Genus Homo 767:Git Along! 426:References 420:Baen Books 397:) and the 306:Skrellings 298:telephones 212:Baen Books 102:Media type 2407:(1953/78) 2010:(1953/75) 1935:biography 1598:Throwback 1177:(1955/81) 845:(1941/50) 564:Ace Books 422:, 1999). 410:Tor Books 344:Influence 333:Reception 318:Wisconsin 280:lost the 272:, at the 202:Tor Books 117:October, 1842:Elephant 1607:" (1940) 1600:" (1949) 1593:" (1941) 1586:" (1952) 1579:" (1952) 1572:" (1947) 1565:" (1939) 1558:" (1938) 1551:" (1939) 1544:" (1957) 1537:" (1955) 1530:" (1937) 1523:" (1956) 1516:" (1952) 1514:In-Group 1509:" (1938) 1502:" (1949) 1495:" (1940) 1488:" (1956) 1481:" (1952) 1474:" (1939) 1467:" (1939) 1460:" (1956) 1453:" (1939) 1446:" (1955) 1439:" (1942) 1432:" (1938) 1425:" (1939) 1418:" (1958) 1310:" (1967) 1303:" 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Index

Short story
L. Sprague de Camp

Edd Cartier
Science fiction
Unknown Fantasy Fiction
Magazine
1940
alternate history
science fiction
L. Sprague de Camp
Unknown Fantasy Fiction
The Wheels of If and Other Science Fiction
Shasta
Berkley Books
The Virgin & the Wheels
Popular Library
Years in the Making: the Time-Travel Stories of L. Sprague de Camp
NESFA Press
Unknown Worlds: Tales from Beyond
Galahad Books
Harry Turtledove
The Pugnacious Peacemaker/The Wheels of If
Tor Books
Down in the Bottomlands and Other Places
Baen Books
German
New York
parallel universes
American Revolution

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