Theodor W. Adorno - Knowledge

5250: 2700:, Adorno claimed that musical progress is proportional to the composer's ability to constructively deal with the possibilities and limitations contained within what he called the "musical material". For Adorno, twelve-tone serialism constitutes a decisive, historically developed method of composition. The objective validity of composition, according to him, rests with neither the composer's genius nor the work's conformity with prior standards, but with the way in which the work coherently expresses the dialectic of the material. In this sense, the contemporary absence of composers of the status of Bach or Beethoven is not the sign of musical regression; instead, new music is to be credited with laying bare aspects of the musical material previously repressed: The musical material's liberation from number, the harmonic series and tonal harmony. Thus, historical progress is achieved only by the composer who "submits to the work and seemingly does not undertake anything active except to follow where it leads." Because historical experience and social relations are embedded within this musical material, it is to the analysis of such material that the critic must turn. In the face of this radical liberation of the musical material, Adorno came to criticize those who, like Stravinsky, withdrew from this freedom by taking recourse to forms of the past as well as those who turned twelve-tone composition into a technique that dictated the rules of composition. 2704:

become passive; the easy pleasures available through consumption of popular culture made people docile and content, no matter how terrible their economic circumstances. "Capitalist production so confines them, body and soul, that they fall helpless victims to what is offered them." The differences among cultural goods make them appear different, but they are in fact just variations on the same theme. He wrote that "the same thing is offered to everybody by the standardized production of consumption goods", but this is concealed under "the manipulation of taste and the official culture's pretense of individualism". By doing so, the culture industry appeals to every single consumer in a unique and personalized way, all while maintaining minimal costs and effort on their behalf. Consumers purchase the illusion that every commodity or product is tailored to the individual's personal preference, by incorporating subtle modifications or inexpensive "add-ons" in order to keep the consumer returning for new purchases, and therefore more revenue for the corporation system. Adorno conceptualized this phenomenon as

1904:. Adorno resumed his teaching duties at the university soon after his arrival, with seminars on "Kant's Transcendental Dialectic", aesthetics, Hegel, "Contemporary Problems in the Theory of Knowledge", and "The Concept of Knowledge". Adorno's surprise at his students' passionate interest in intellectual matters did not, however, blind him to continuing problems within Germany: The literary climate was dominated by writers who had remained in Germany during Hitler's rule, the government re-employed people who had been active in the Nazi apparatus and people were generally loath to own up to their own collaboration or the guilt they thus incurred. Instead, the ruined city of Frankfurt continued as if nothing had happened, holding on to ideas of the true, the beautiful, and the good despite the atrocities, hanging on to a culture that had itself been lost in rubble or killed off in the concentration camps. All the enthusiasm Adorno's students showed for intellectual matters could not erase the suspicion that, in the words of 2616:, sank into the very barbarism civilization had prided itself in overcoming. According to Adorno, society's self-preservation had become indistinguishable from socially sanctioned self-sacrifice: of "primitive" peoples, primitive aspects of the ego and those primitive, mimetic desires found in imitation and sympathy. Adorno's theory proceeds from an understanding of this primitive quality of reality that seeks to counteract whatever aims either to repress this primitive aspect or to further those systems of domination set in place by this return to barbarism. From this perspective, Adorno's writings on politics, philosophy, music, and literature are a lifelong critique of the ways in which each tries to justify self-mutilation as the necessary price of self-preservation. According to Adorno's translator Robert Hullot-Kentor, the central motive of Adorno's work thus consists in determining "how life could be more than the struggle for self-preservation". In this sense, the principle of self-preservation, Adorno writes in 1694:

distaste and astonishment: "I reflected that culture was simply the condition that precluded a mentality that tried to measure it." Thus Adorno suggested using individual interviews to determine listener reactions and, only three months after meeting Lazarsfeld, completed a 160-page memorandum on the Project's topic, "Music in Radio." Adorno was primarily interested in how musical material was affected by its distribution through the medium of radio and thought it imperative to understand how music was affected by its becoming part of daily life. "The meaning of a Beethoven symphony", he wrote, "heard while the listener is walking around or lying in bed is very likely to differ from its effect in a concert hall where people sit as if they were in church." In essays published by the institute's

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regarding as unreal or non-existent everything that did not. Adorno's "negative dialectics" was an attempt to articulate a non-dominating thought that would recognize its limitations and accept the non-identity and reality of that which could not be subsumed under the subject's concepts. Indeed, Adorno sought to ground the critical bite of his sociological work in his critique of identity, which he took to be a reification in thought of the commodity form or exchange relation which always presumes a false identity between different things. The potential to criticize arises from the gap between the concept and the object, which can never go into the former without remainder. This gap, this non-identity in identity, was the secret to a critique of both material life and conceptual reflection.

2374:, signed by Adorno, called for an inquiry into the social reasons that gave rise to this assassination attempt as well as an investigation into the Springer Press' manipulation of public opinion. At the same time, however, Adorno protested against disruptions of his own lectures and refused to express his solidarity with their political goals, maintaining instead his autonomy as a theoretician. Adorno rejected the so-called unity of theory and praxis advocated by the students and argued that the students' actions were premised upon a mistaken analysis of the situation. The building of barricades, he wrote to Marcuse, is "ridiculous against those who administer the bomb." Adorno would refer to the radical students as "stormtroopers ( 1729:, they entertained few delusions about their work's practical effects. "In view of what is now threatening to engulf Europe", Horkheimer wrote, "our present work is essentially destined to pass things down through the night that is approaching: a kind of message in a bottle." As Adorno continued his work in New York with radio talks on music and a lecture on Kierkegaard's doctrine of love, Benjamin fled Paris and attempted to make an illegal border crossing. After learning that his Spanish visa was invalid and fearing deportation back to France, Benjamin took an overdose of morphine tablets. In light of recent events, the Institute set about formulating a theory of antisemitism and fascism. On one side were those who supported 1698:, Adorno dealt with the atrophy of musical culture that had become instrumental in accelerating tendencies—toward conformism, trivialization, and standardization—already present in the larger culture. Unsurprisingly, Adorno's studies found little resonance among members of the Project. At the end of 1939, when Lazarsfeld submitted a second application for funding, the musical section of the study was left out. Yet during the two years during which he worked on the Project, Adorno was prolific, publishing "The Radio Symphony", "A Social Critique of Radio Music", and "On Popular Music", texts that, along with the draft memorandum and other unpublished writings, are found in Robert Hullot-Kentor's translation, 2406:

disruption from which he quickly fled. After a student wrote on the blackboard "If Adorno is left in peace, capitalism will never cease", three women students approached the lectern, bared their breasts and scattered flower petals over his head. Yet Adorno continued to resist blanket condemnations of the protest movement which would have only strengthened the conservative thesis according to which political irrationalism was the result of Adorno's teaching. After further disruptions to his lectures, Adorno cancelled the lectures for the rest of the seminar, continuing only with his philosophy seminar. In the summer of 1969, weary from these activities, Adorno returned once again to

1664:. After receiving an invitation from Horkheimer to visit the Institute in New York, Adorno sailed for New York on 9 June 1937 and stayed for two weeks. While he was in New York, Horkheimer's essays "The Latest Attack on Metaphysics" and "Traditional and Critical Theory", which would soon become instructive for the institute's self-understanding, were the subject of intense discussion. Soon after his return to Europe, Gretel moved to Britain, where she and Adorno were married on 8 September 1937. A little over a month later, Horkheimer telegrammed from New York with news of a position Adorno could take with the 2863:

of today's chart-topping songs are put together in order to create, re-create, and modify numerous tracks by using the same variety of samples from one song to another. He makes a distinction between "Apologetic music" and "Critical music". Apologetic music is defined as the highly produced and promoted music of the "pop music" industry: music that is composed of variable parts and interchanged to create several different songs. "The social and psychological functions of popular music acts like a social cement" "to keep people obedient and subservient to the status quo of existing power structures."

1765:, a dialectical critique of twelve-tone music that Adorno felt, while writing it, was a departure from the theory of art he had spent the previous decades elaborating. Horkheimer's reaction to the manuscript was wholly positive: "If I have ever in the whole of my life felt enthusiasm about anything, then I did on this occasion", he wrote after reading the manuscript. The two set about completing their joint work, which transformed from a book on dialectical logic to a rewriting of the history of rationality and the Enlightenment. First published in a small mimeographed edition in May 1944 as 857: 375: 1505:, sought to exploit recent theoretical and methodological advances in the social sciences. His lecture "The Actuality of Philosophy" created a scandal. In it Adorno not only deviated from the theoretical program Horkheimer had laid out a year earlier but challenged philosophy's very capacity for comprehending reality as such: "For the mind", Adorno announced, "is indeed not capable of producing or grasping the totality of the real, but it may be possible to penetrate the detail, to explode in miniature the mass of merely existing reality." In line with 5223: 1392:, Adorno argued that Freud's notion of the unconscious serves as a "sharp weapon ... against every attempt to create a metaphysics of the instincts and to deify full, organic nature." Undaunted by his academic prospects, Adorno threw himself once again into composition. In addition to publishing numerous reviews of opera performances and concerts, Adorno's "Four Songs for Medium Voice and Piano", op. 3, was performed in Berlin in January 1929. Between 1928 and 1930 Adorno took on a greater role within the editorial committee of the 4659: 1526:, was produced to publish the research of Institute members both before and after its relocation to the United States. Though Adorno was not an Institute member, the journal published many of his essays, including "The Social Situation of Music" (1932), "On Jazz" (1936), "On the Fetish-Character in Music and the Regression of Listening" (1938), and "Fragments on Wagner" (1938). In his new role as a social theorist, Adorno's philosophical analysis of cultural phenomena heavily relied on the language of 1476:—were detached from their theological origins and posed, instead, as problems for aesthetics. As the work proceeded—and Kierkegaard's overcoming of Hegel's idealism was revealed to be a mere interiorization—Adorno excitedly remarked in a letter to Berg that he was writing without looking over his shoulder at the faculty who would soon evaluate his work. Receiving favorable reports from Professors Tillich and Horkheimer, as well as Benjamin and Kracauer, the university conferred on Adorno the 3025: 2385:. Upon his return to Frankfurt, events prevented his concentrating upon the book on aesthetics he wished to write: "Valid student claims and dubious actions", he wrote to Marcuse, "are all so mixed up together that all productive work and even sensible thought are scarcely possible any more." After striking students threatened to strip the Institute's sociology seminar rooms of their furnishings and equipment, the police were brought in to close the building. 2149:, not simply through his books and essays, but also through his appearances in radio and newspapers. In talks, interviews, and round-table discussions broadcast on Hessen Radio, South-West Radio, and Radio Bremen, Adorno discussed topics as diverse as "The Administered World" (September 1950), "What is the Meaning of 'Working Through the Past?"' (February 1960), and "The Teaching Profession and its Taboos" (August 1965). Additionally, he frequently wrote for 3016:. These fresh translations are slightly less literal in their rendering of German sentences and words, and are more accessible to English readers. The Group Experiment, which had been unavailable to English readers, is now available in an accessible translation by Jeffrey K. Olick and Andrew J. Perrin on Harvard University Press, along with introductory material explaining its relation to the rest of Adorno's work and 20th-century public opinion research. 2891: 10284: 762: 2577:(1927). In it Adorno argued that "the healing of all neuroses is synonymous with the complete understanding of the meaning of their symptoms by the patient". In his essay "On the Relationship between Sociology and Psychology" (1955), he justified the need to "supplement the theory of society with psychology, especially analytically oriented social psychology" in the face of fascism. Adorno emphasized the necessity of researching prevailing 3044: 2871:

musical hooks mass produced via electronic media. The masses have become conditioned by the culture industry, which makes the impact of standardization far more widespread. Not recognizing the impact of social media and commercial advertising, the individual is caught in a situation where conformity is the norm: "During consumption the masses become characterized by the commodities which they use and exchange among themselves."

10308: 1676:(published in 1939 as "Fragments on Wagner"), drafts of which he read to Benjamin during their final meeting, in December on the Italian Riviera. According to Benjamin, these drafts were astonishing for "the precision of their materialist deciphering" as well as the way in which "musical facts ... had been made socially transparent in a way that was completely new to me." In his Wagner study, the thesis later to characterize 1297:, which in 1923 he called a "dismal Bohemian prank". In these early writings he was unequivocal in his condemnation of performances that either sought or pretended to achieve a transcendence that Adorno, in line with many intellectuals of the time, regarded as impossible. "No cathedral", he wrote, "can be built if no community desires one." In the summer of 1924 Adorno received his doctorate with a study of 1993:, Adorno delivered a lecture entitled "The Present State of Empirical Social Research in Germany" at a conference on opinion research. Here he emphasized the importance of data collection and statistical evaluation while asserting that such empirical methods have only an auxiliary function and must lead to the formation of theories which would "raise the harsh facts to the level of consciousness." 10296: 10260: 7299: 750: 1519:, Adorno likened philosophical interpretation to experiments that should be conducted "until they arrive at figurations in which the answers are legible, while the questions themselves vanish." Having lost its position as the Queen of the Sciences, philosophy must now radically transform its approach to objects so that it might "construct keys before which reality springs open." 10272: 2325:. After a group of students marched to the lectern, unfurling a banner that read "Berlin's left-wing fascists greet Teddy the Classicist", a number of those present left the lecture in protest after Adorno refused to abandon his talk in favor of discussing his attitude on the current political situation. Adorno shortly thereafter participated in a meeting with the Berlin 1798:. In line with these studies, Adorno produced an analysis of the Californian radio preacher Martin Luther Thomas. Fascist propaganda of this sort, Adorno wrote, "simply takes people for what they are: genuine children of today's standardized mass culture who have been robbed to a great extent of their autonomy and spontaneity". The result of these labors, the 1950 study 10248: 2229:, for example, he wrote that "Perennial suffering has as much right to expression as a tortured man has to scream"; while in "Commitment", he wrote in 1962 that the dictum "expresses in negative form the impulse which inspires committed literature"—was part of post-war Germany's struggle with history and culture. Adorno additionally befriended the writer and poet 2859:

consumption as one of its main characteristics. Mass media is employed to deliver messages about products and services to consumers in order to convince these individuals to purchase the commodity they are advertising. Standardization consists of the production of large amounts of commodities to then pursue consumers in order to gain the maximum profit possible.

2653:(1966), philosophy is still necessary because the time to realize it was missed. Adorno argued that capitalism had become more entrenched through its attack on the objective basis of revolutionary consciousness and through liquidation of the individualism that had been the basis of critical consciousness. Adorno, as well as Horkheimer, critiqued all forms of 2887:'s ability to factor in the effect of reflection on the societal object, Adorno realized that some criticism (including deliberate disruption of his classes in the 1960s) could never be answered in a dialogue between equals if, as he seems to have believed, what the naive ethnographer or sociologist thinks of a human essence is always changing over time. 2799:, argued that Adorno's work has a renewed importance in the digital age: "The pop hegemony is all but complete, its superstars dominating the media and wielding the economic might of tycoons ... Culture appears more monolithic than ever, with a few gigantic corporations—Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon—presiding over unprecedented monopolies". 1546:, as well as the methodological problem posed by treating objects—like "musical material"—as ciphers of social contradictions, Adorno was compelled to abandon any notion of "value-free" sociology in favor of a form of ideology critique that held on to an idea of truth. Before his emigration in the autumn of 1934, Adorno began work on a 1191:—came out in support of the war. The younger generation's distrust for traditional knowledge arose from how this tradition had discredited itself. Over time, Oscar Wiesengrund's firm established close professional and personal ties with the factory of Karplus & Herzberger in Berlin. The eldest daughter of the Karplus family, 2936:), to discover both the sort of music that listeners of radio liked and ways to improve their "taste", so that RCA could profitably air more classical music. Lazarsfeld, however, had trouble both with the prose style of the work Adorno handed in and what Lazarsfeld thought was Adorno's "lack of discipline in ... presentation". 1965:—who had been tortured at Auschwitz—would sharply object that Adorno, rather than addressing such political concerns, was exploiting Auschwitz for his metaphysical phantom "absolute negativity" ("absolute Negativität"), using a language intoxicated by itself ("von sich selber bis zur Selbstblendung entzückte Sprache"). 2944:

asked most kindly: "Dr Adorno, would you mind a personal question?". I said, "It depends on the question, but just go ahead", and she went on: "Please tell me: are you an extrovert or an introvert?" It was as if she, as a living being, already thought according to the model of multi-choice questions in questionnaires.

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culture. However, while the critique from the right emphasized moral degeneracy ascribed to sexual and racial influences within popular culture, Adorno located the problem, not with the content, but with the objective realities of the production of mass culture and its effects, for instance, as a form of

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In a conversation between Horkheimer, Adorno and Gadamer about Nietzsche's moral criticism, Adorno complained that Nietzsche "lacked the concept of definite negation," that is, "the fact that when one opposes something that is recognized as negative with another, the negated in this other is in a new

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What I mean by reified consciousness, I can illustrate—without elaborate philosophical contemplation—most simply with an American experience. Among the frequently changing colleagues which the Princeton Project provided me with, was a young lady. After a few days, she had gained confidence in me, and

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Adorno saw the culture industry as an arena in which critical tendencies or potentialities were eliminated. He argued that the culture industry, which produced and circulated cultural commodities through the mass media, manipulated the population. Popular culture was identified as a reason why people

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had relocated to New York City and begun making overtures to Adorno. After months of strained relations, Horkheimer and Adorno reestablished their essential theoretical alliance during meetings in Paris. Adorno continued writing on music, publishing, "The Form of the Phonograph Record" and "Crisis of

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They do this by individualizing products to give the illusion to consumers that they are in fact purchasing a product or service that was specifically designed for them. Adorno highlights the issues created with the construction of popular music, where different samples of music used in the creation

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said, in interview, "It's not easy to completely refute anything that Adorno writes – he was, after all, one of the most acute, and also one of the most negative intellects to excavate the creativity of the past 150 years... He forgets that one of the most cunning and interesting aspects of consumer

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to be used by administrators for establishing whether groups of listeners could be targeted by broadcasts specifically aimed at them. Expected to make use of devices with which listeners could press a button to indicate whether they liked or disliked a particular piece of music, Adorno bristled with

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Adorno states that a start to understand the recognition in respect of any particular song hit may be made by drafting a scheme which divides the experience of recognition into its different components. All the factors people enumerate are interwoven to a degree that would be impossible to separate

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Adorno's critique of commercial media capitalism continues to be influential. There is much scholarship influenced by Adorno on how Western entertainment industries strengthen transnational capitalism and reinforce a Western cultural dominance. Adornean critique can be found in works such as Tanner

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was run up the flagpole of the town hall, the Frankfurt criminal police searched the Institute's offices. Adorno's house on Seeheimer Strasse was similarly searched in July and his application for membership in the Reich Chamber of Literature was denied on the grounds that membership was limited to

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with me regularly on Saturday afternoons. I am not exaggerating in the slightest when I say that I owe more to this reading than to my academic teachers ... Under his guidance, I experienced the work from the beginning not as mere epistemology, not as an analysis of the conditions of scientifically

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His childhood was marked by the musical life provided by his mother and aunt. Maria was a singer who could boast of having performed in Vienna at the Imperial Court, while her sister, Agathe, who lived with them, had made a name for herself as both a singer and pianist. He was not only a precocious

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Adorno believed that the language the sociologist uses, like the language of the ordinary person, is a political construct in large measure that uses, often unreflectingly, concepts installed by dominant classes and social structures. He felt that those at the top of the Institute needed to be the

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Tony Waters and David Philhour have tested Adorno's ideas and used musical intros from pop songs, and asked students in The United States, Germany, the United States, and Thailand what they recognize. They found that indeed, as Adorno hypothesized, the song intro recognition has spread around the

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Standardization not only refers to the products of the culture industry but to the consumers as well. Many times every day consumers are bombarded by media advertising. Consumers are pushed and shoved into consuming products and services presented to them by a media system that takes advantage of

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at a protest against the Shah's visit. This death, as well as the subsequent acquittal of the responsible officer, were both commented upon in Adorno's lectures. As politicization increased, rifts developed within both the Institute's relationship with its students as well as within the Institute

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The phenomenon of standardization is "a concept used to characterize the formulaic products of capitalist-driven mass media and mass culture that appeal to the lowest common denominator in pursuit of maximum profit". According to Adorno we inhabit a media culture driven society which has product

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saw Adorno as producing "reams of turgid nonsense devoted to showing that the American people are just as alienated as Marxism requires them to be, and that their cheerful life-affirming music is a 'fetishized' commodity, expressive of their deep spiritual enslavement to the capitalist machine."

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Bloch's was a philosophy that could hold its head high before the most advanced literature; a philosophy that was not calibrated to the abominable resignation of methodology ... I took this motif so much as my own that I do not believe I have ever written anything without reference to it, either

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had been the idea of thought becoming an instrument of domination that subsumes all objects under the control of the (dominant) subject, especially through the notion of identity, that is, of identifying as real in nature and society only that which harmonized or fit with dominant concepts, and

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For the summer semester Adorno planned a lecture course entitled "An Introduction to Dialectical Thinking", as well as a seminar on the dialectics of subject and object. But at the first lecture, Adorno's attempt to open up the lecture and invite questions whenever they arose degenerated into a

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Adorno's analysis allowed for a critique of mass culture from the left that balanced the critique of popular culture from the right. From both perspectives—left and right—the nature of cultural production was felt to be at the root of social and moral problems resulting from the consumption of

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fragilized West German democracy. Trends in the media, an educational crisis in the universities, the Shah of Iran's 1967 state visit, German support for the war in Vietnam, and the emergency laws combined to create a highly unstable situation. Like many of his students, Adorno too opposed the

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in 1960. In his 1961 return to Kranichstein, Adorno called for what he termed a "musique informelle", which would possess the ability "really and truly to be what it is, without the ideological pretense of being something else. Or rather, to admit frankly the fact of non-identity and to follow

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I have spent days attached to your book as if by a magnet. Every day brings new fascination ... concentrated nourishment. It is said that the companion star to Sirius, white in colour, is made of such dense material that a cubic inch of it would weigh a tonne here. This is why it has such an

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With Horkheimer as dean of the Arts Faculty, then rector of the university, responsibilities for the institute's work fell upon Adorno. At the same time, however, Adorno renewed his musical work: with talks at the Kranichsteiner Musikgesellschaft, another in connection with a production of

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Serious music, according to Adorno, achieves excellence when its whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The example he gives is that of Beethoven's symphonies: " greatness shows itself in the complete subordination of the accidentally private melodic elements to the form as a whole."

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source primarily of theories for evaluation and empirical testing, as well as people who would process the "facts" discovered ... including revising theories that were found to be false. For example, in an essay published in Germany on Adorno's return from the US, and reprinted in the

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Adorno began writing an introduction to a collection of poetry by Rudolf Borchardt, which was connected with a talk entitled "Charmed Language", delivered in Zürich, followed by a talk on aesthetics in Paris where he met Beckett again. Beginning in October 1966, Adorno took up work on

1577:, Horkheimer's 1932 observation proved typical for his milieu: "Only one thing is certain", he wrote, "the irrationality of society has reached a point where only the gloomiest predictions have any plausibility." In September Adorno's right to teach was revoked. In March, as the 1328:", op. 7, premiered in Frankfurt, at which time Adorno introduced himself to Berg, and both agreed the young philosopher and composer would study with Berg in Vienna. Upon moving to Vienna in February 1925, Adorno immersed himself in the musical culture that had grown up around 2277:

and Irving Wohlfarth. One objection, which would soon take on ever greater importance, was that critical thought must adopt the standpoint of the oppressed, to which Adorno replied that negative dialectics was concerned "with the dissolution of standpoint thinking itself."

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In 1963, Adorno was elected to the post of chairman of the German Sociological Society, where he presided over two important conferences: in 1964, on "Max Weber and Sociology" and, in 1968, on "Late Capitalism or Industrial Society". A debate launched in 1961 by Adorno and

2469:, Adorno adopted this claim as his own, and based his thinking on one of the Hegelian basic categories, determinate negation, according to which something is not abstractly negated and dissolved into zero, but is preserved in a new, richer concept through its opposite. 2647:, argued that advanced capitalism had managed to contain or liquidate the forces that would bring about its collapse and that the revolutionary moment, when it would have been possible to transform it into socialism, had passed. As he put it at the beginning of his 2200:, soon arose, receiving explicit expression in Adorno's 1954 lecture, "The Aging of the New Music", where he argued that atonality's freedom was being restricted to serialism in much the same way as it was once restricted by twelve-tone technique. With his friend 1119:, ran a successful wine-export business. Proud of her origins, Maria wanted her son's paternal surname to be supplemented by the addition of her name, Adorno. Thus his earliest publications carried the name Theodor Wiesengrund-Adorno. Upon his application for 1815:", became increasingly restricted. Forbidden from leaving their homes between 8pm and 6am and from going more than five miles from their houses, émigrés like Adorno, who was not naturalized until November 1943, were severely restricted in their movements. 2067:

Back in Frankfurt, he renewed his academic duties and, from 1952 to 1954, completed three essays: "Notes on Kafka", "Valéry Proust Museum", and an essay on Schoenberg following the composer's death, all of which were included in the 1955 essay collection

1942:, in which he said that "Psychological dispositions do not actually cause fascism; rather, fascism defines a psychological area which can be successfully exploited by the forces which promote it for entirely non-psychological reasons of self-interest." 2329:(SDS) and discussed "Student Unrest" with Szondi on West German Radio. But as 1968 progressed, Adorno became increasingly critical of the students' disruptions to university life. His isolation was only compounded by articles published in the magazine 1749:

theory." Horkheimer's contributions to this debate, in the form of the essays "The Authoritarian State", "The End of Reason", and "The Jews and Europe", served as a foundation for what he and Adorno planned to do in their book on dialectical logic.

1850:, with whom he completed a study of film music in 1944. In this study the authors pushed for the greater usage of avant-garde music in film, urging that music be used to supplement, not simply accompany, films' visual aspects. Adorno also assisted 2772:

started even while he was alive. He may have championed Schoenberg, but the composer notably failed to return the compliment: "I have never been able to bear the fellow It is disgusting, by the way, how he treats Stravinsky." Another composer,

2728:. Many of Adorno's reflections on aesthetics and music have only just begun to be debated. A collection of essays on the subject, many of which had not previously been translated into English, has only recently been collected and published as 1773:, by the Amsterdam publisher Querido Verlag. This "reflection on the destructive aspect of progress" proceeded through the chapters that treated rationality as both the liberation from and further domination of nature, interpretations of both 2204:, Adorno feared that music was being sacrificed to stubborn rationalization. During this time Adorno not only produced a significant series of notes on Beethoven (which was never completed and only published posthumously), but also published 2953:

While even German readers can find Adorno's work difficult to understand, an additional problem for English readers is that his German idiom is particularly difficult to translate into English. A similar difficulty of translation is true of

1360:, with whom he developed a lasting friendship, before returning to Frankfurt. In December 1926 Adorno's "Two Pieces for String Quartet", op. 2, was performed in Vienna, which provided a welcome interruption from his preparations for the 1376:), to Cornelius in November 1927. Cornelius advised Adorno to withdraw his application because the manuscript was too close to his own way of thinking. In the manuscript, Adorno attempted to underline the epistemological status of the 858: 2272:

in 1966, after which, during the summer semester of 1967 and the winter semester of 1967–68, he offered regular philosophy seminars to discuss the book chapter by chapter. Among the students at these seminars were the Americans

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Upon his return, Adorno helped shape the political culture of West Germany. Until his death in 1969, twenty years after his return, Adorno contributed to the intellectual foundations of the Federal Republic, as a professor at

1647:. While at Oxford, Adorno suffered two great losses: his Aunt Agathe died in June 1935, and Berg died in December of the same year. To the end of his life, Adorno never abandoned the hope of completing Berg's unfinished opera 1308:. Before his graduation, Adorno had already met his most important intellectual collaborators, Horkheimer and Benjamin. It was through Cornelius's seminars that Adorno met Horkheimer, through whom he was then introduced to 1420:. During this period he published the essays "Night Music", "On Twelve-Tone Technique" and "Reaction and Progress". Yet his reservations about twelve-tone orthodoxy became steadily more pronounced. According to Adorno, 4704:

Tony Waters and David Philhour (2019). Cross-National Attunement to Popular Songs across Time and Place: A Sociology of Popular Music in the United States, Germany, Thailand, and Tanzania Social Sciences, 8(11), 305;

3539:, 1997, University of Minnesota Press, p. 168: "Paradoxically, art must testify to the unreconciled and at the same time envision its reconciliation; this is a possibility only for its nondiscursive language." 7098: 1443:

Twelve-tone technique alone is nothing but the principle of motivic elaboration and variation, as developed in the sonata, but elevated now to a comprehensive principle of construction, namely transformed into an

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after the latter asked for his help. "Would you be willing", Mann wrote, "to think through with me how the work—I mean Leverkühn's work—might look; how you would do it if you were in league with the Devil?"

1635:. But Adorno's attempts to break out of the sociology of music were twice thwarted: neither the study of Mannheim he had been working on for years nor extracts from his study of Husserl were accepted by the 2920:

and openness of US society based on his sojourn in New York and the Los Angeles area between 1935 and 1955: "Characteristic for the life in America is a moment of peacefulness, kindness and generosity".

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escape). For him it was existent, but inhuman. Müller argues against the existence of such a system and claims that critical theory provides no practical solution for societal change. He concludes that

2546:, which appears less frequently in Adorno's work, also has its origins in Marxist thinking. Adorno made explicit reference to class in two of his texts: the first, the subchapter "Classes and Strata" ( 2110:. Adorno's entrance into literary discussions continued in his June 1963 lecture at the annual conference of the Hölderlin Society. At the Philosophers' Conference of October 1962 in Münster, at which 2789:, in which Žižek attributes an "emancipatory impulse" to the same book—although Žižek also suggests that fidelity to this impulse demands "a betrayal of the explicit theses of Adorno's Wagner study". 2986:. Professor Henry Pickford, of the University of Colorado at Boulder, has translated many of Adorno's works such as "The Meaning of Working Through the Past." A new translation has also appeared of 2803:

Mirrlees' "The US Empire's Culture Industry" which focus upon how Western commercial entertainment is artificially reinforced by transnational media corporations rather than being a local culture.

2484:(1966). The title expresses "tradition and rebellion in equal measure." Drawing from Hegelian reason's speculative dialectic, Adorno developed his own "negative" dialectic of the "non-identical". 1352:

convinced that, in the sphere of the deepest understanding of music ... you are capable of supreme achievements and will undoubtedly fulfill this promise in the shape of great philosophical works.

2458:

1: 338). Hegel rejected the idea of separating methods and content, because thinking is always thinking of something; dialectics for him is "the comprehended movement of the object itself." Like

2302:, as well as the war in Vietnam, which, he said, proved the continued existence of the "world of torture that had begun in Auschwitz". The situation only deteriorated with the police shooting of 2735:

Adorno's work in the years before his death was shaped by the idea of "negative dialectics", set out especially in his book of that title. A key notion in the work of the Frankfurt School since

2454:

Adorno's adoption of Hegelian philosophy can be traced back to his inaugural lecture in 1931, in which he postulated, "only dialectically does philosophical interpretation seem possible to me" (

1938:

character of test persons through indirect questions. The books have had a major influence on sociology and remain highly discussed and debated. In 1951 he continued on the topic with his essay

1452:

At this point Adorno reversed his earlier priorities: now his musical activities came second to the development of a philosophical theory of aesthetics. Thus, in the middle of 1929, he accepted

1254:

valid judgments, but as a kind of coded text from which the historical situation of spirit could be read, with the vague expectation that in doing so one could acquire something of truth itself.

2064:), and the essays "Television as Ideology" and "Prologue to Television"; even so, he was pleased when, at the end of ten months, he was enjoined to return as co-director of the Institute. 4342:

He summarizes this in the seemingly paradoxical formulation: "The more psychoanalysis is sociologized, the duller its organ for recognizing socially caused conflicts becomes". (GS 8: 28).

1138:, where he studied from 1913 to 1921. Before his graduation at the top of his class, Adorno was already swept up by the revolutionary mood of the time, as is evidenced by his reading of 2007:, and a seminar on "Criteria of New Music" at the Fifth International Summer Course for New Music at Kranichstein. Adorno also became increasingly involved with the publishing house of 2225:. Adorno's 1949 dictum—"To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric"—posed the question of what German culture could mean after Auschwitz; his own continual revision of this dictum—in 1610:, in June 1934. During the next four years at Oxford, Adorno made repeated trips to Germany to see both his parents and Gretel, who was still working in Berlin. Under the direction of 1945:

In 1952 Adorno participated in a group experiment, revealing residual National Socialist attitudes among the recently democratized Germans. He then published two influential essays,

2600:

Adorno's work sets out from a central insight he shares with all early 20th century avant-garde art: the recognition of what is primitive in ourselves and the world itself. Neither

10498: 1682:—man's domination of nature—first emerges. Adorno sailed for New York on 16 February 1938. Soon after settling into his new home on Riverside Drive, Adorno met with Lazarsfeld in 4644:

According to Adorno, society and culture form a sociohistorical totality, such that the pursuit of freedom in society is inseparable from the pursuit of enlightenment in culture.

5049:

Hogh, Philip. Communication and Expression: Adorno's Philosophy of Language. Translated by Antonia Hofstätter. London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2017.

3500:

Adorno defined maturity as the courage and the ability to use one's own understanding independently of dominant heteronomous patterns of thought; see Macdonald, Iain (2011),

2446:" in his political biography: that Adorno placed "almost unlimited trust in finished teachings, in Marxism, psychoanalysis, and the teachings of the Second Viennese School." 1717:. In correspondence, the two men discussed the difference in their conceptions of the relationship between critique and artworks that had become manifest through Benjamin's " 2841:("Critique of Critical Theory"), this assumption is consistent with Adorno's idea of society as a self-regulating system, from which one must escape (but from which nobody 1973:

In September 1951 Adorno returned to the United States for a six-week visit, during which he attended the opening of the Hacker Psychiatry Foundation in Beverly Hills, met

1280: 2459: 2402:. During the winter semester of 1968–69 Adorno was on sabbatical leave from the university and thus able to dedicate himself to the completion of his book of aesthetics. 2254:

Adorno's critique of the dominant climate of post-war Germany was also directed against the pathos that had grown up around Heideggerianism, as practiced by writers like

5021: 5201: 1566:, which he never completed. By the time he fled Hitler's Germany Adorno had already written over 100 opera or concert reviews and 50 critiques of music composition. 1689:

Although he was expected to embed the Project's research within a wider theoretical context, it soon became apparent that the Project was primarily concerned with

1542:

came to play an ever more prominent role in his work. At the same time, however, and owing to both the presence of another prominent sociologist at the institute,

2962:, and a number of other German philosophers and poets. As a result, some early translators tended toward over-literalness. In recent years, Edmund Jephcott and 10488: 1202:

At the end of his schooldays, Adorno not only benefited from the rich concert offerings of Frankfurt—where one could hear performances of works by Schoenberg,

1070:, is the culmination of a lifelong commitment to modern art, which attempts to revoke the "fatal separation" of feeling and understanding long demanded by the 2759:

as "largely a fraudulent presentation, a work of polemic that pretends to be an objective study." Even a fellow Marxist such as the historian and jazz critic

2573:'s work early on, although, unlike Horkheimer, he never underwent analysis. He first read Freud while working on his initial (withdrawn) habilitation thesis, 2052:

Because Adorno's American citizenship would have been forfeited by the middle of 1952 had he continued to stay outside the country, he returned once again to

8463: 7148: 2612:, which Adorno shared with the century's most radical art. At that time, the Western world, beset by world-wars, colonialist consolidation, and accelerating 1718: 462: 1291:. In these articles, Adorno championed avant-garde music at the same time as he critiqued the failings of musical modernity, as in the case of Stravinsky's 1901: 4742: 1199:, and Bloch, each of whom Adorno would become familiar with during the mid-1920s. After fourteen years, Gretel Karplus and Adorno were married in 1937. 2620:, is nothing but "the law of doom thus far obeyed by history." At its most basic, Adorno's thought is motivated by a fundamental critique of this law. 2536:), with its "insatiable and destructive appetite for expansion", is easily decoded as a description of capitalism. Furthermore, the Marxist concept of 792: 446: 9818: 2592:

because of their revisionism. He expressed reservations about sociologized psychoanalysis as well as about its reduction to a therapeutic procedure.

2584:

Adorno always remained a supporter and defender of Freudian orthodox doctrine, "psychoanalysis in its strict form". From this position, he attacked

10353: 5446: 1472:'s philosophy of history. Yet when Adorno turned his attention to Kierkegaard, watchwords like "anxiety", "inwardness", and "leap"—instructive for 5198:

Daniel Sherer, "Adorno's Reception of Loos: Modern Architecture, Aesthetic Theory, and the Critique of Ornament", Potlatch 3 (Spring 2014), 19–31.

5127:

Sherer, Daniel. "Adorno's Reception of Loos: Modern Architecture, Aesthetic Theory, and the Critique of Ornament," Potlatch 3 (Spring 2014), 19-31

3009: 2094:

while delivering a series of lectures in Paris the same year, Adorno set to work on "Trying to Understand Endgame", which, along with studies of

1099:

on 11 September 1903, the only child of Maria Calvelli-Adorno della Piana (1865–1952) and Oscar Alexander Wiesengrund (1870–1946). His mother, a

4243:

Jan Rehmann: "Ideologiekritik. Die Ideologiekritik der Kritischen Theorie". In: Uwe H. Bittlingmayer / Alex Demirović / Tatjana Freytag (eds.):

1804:, was pioneering in its combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting and evaluating data as well as its development of the 1838:, as well as everyday matters such as giving presents, dwelling, and the impossibility of love. In California Adorno made the acquaintance of 1163:

Adorno's intellectual nonconformism was also shaped by the repugnance he felt towards the nationalism that swept through the Reich during the

4538:

Letter of 5 December 1949, quoted in Stuckenschmidt, Arnold Schoenberg: His Life, World and Work, trans. H. Searle London: John Calder, 1977.

3144: 2812:

from one another in reality. Adorno's scheme is directed towards the different objective elements involved in the experience of recognition:

2720:. Thinkers influenced by Adorno believe that today's society has evolved in a direction foreseen by him, especially in regard to the past ( 7078: 4565:Žižek, Slavoj. (2005). Foreword: Why Is Wagner Worth Saving? In: Adorno, Theodor. (2005). In Search of Wagner. London and New York: Verso. 2266:

took aim at the halo such writers had attached to words like "angst", "decision", and "leap". After seven years of work, Adorno completed

1790:

With their joint work completed, the two turned their attention to studies on antisemitism and authoritarianism in collaboration with the

10483: 10383: 10348: 7336: 5307: 4934: 3544:

Paradox hat sie das Unversöhnte zu bezeugen und gleichwohl tendenziell zu versöhnen; möglich ist das nur ihrer nicht-diskursiven Sprache.

1586:", he was informed, "you are unable to feel and appreciate such an obligation." Soon afterward Adorno was forced into 15 years of exile. 2168:, Adorno took part in the Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music in Kranichstein from 1951 to 1958. Yet conflicts between the so-called 2019:

was not only well received in the press, but also met with great admiration from Thomas Mann, who wrote to Adorno from America in 1952:

10373: 4603:

Hearts and Mines: The US Empire's Culture Industry Tanner Mirrlees . Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2016. 103-130 pp.

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music, the mass media, and indeed of capitalism itself, is their fluidity, their unending capacity for adaptation and assimilation."

4998: 2875:

world for some specific commercial pop songs. But they also demonstrate that there are still national differences in recognition.

10468: 10463: 10453: 10443: 6327: 1721:". At around the same time, Adorno and Horkheimer began planning for a joint work on "dialectical logic", which would later become 1493:, an independent organization that had recently appointed Horkheimer as its director and, with the arrival of the literary scholar 1870:

was being published. Before his return, Adorno had reached an agreement with a Tübingen publisher to print an expanded version of

1439:, discussing problems of atonality and the twelve-tone technique. In a 1934 letter, he sounded a related criticism of Schoenberg: 10538: 10042: 8709: 2326: 1175:, and Bloch, Adorno was profoundly disillusioned by the ease with which Germany's intellectual and spiritual leaders—among them 10343: 7974: 2247: 785: 4717:

For a comparison of Adorno's and Bourdieu's rather divergent conceptions of reflexivity, see: Karakayali, Nedim (April 2004).

4855: 4432: 4399: 3583: 2665:. Adorno and Horkheimer have been criticized for over-applying the term "positivism", especially in their interpretations of 2530:, which stands in the center of his philosophy, not exclusively restricted to economic theory. Adorno's "exchange society" ( 1961:

and institutions of the post-1945 Germany, and that there is still a real risk that it could rise again. Later on, however,

10388: 10363: 9314: 6360: 5439: 1032:

Upon his return to Frankfurt, Adorno was involved with the reconstitution of German intellectual life through debates with

2928:, the American sociologist for whom Adorno worked in the late 1930s after fleeing Hitler. As Rolf Wiggershaus recounts in 2044:; declaring his sympathy with those who protested the scandal of big-game hunting; and, penning a defense of prostitutes. 10543: 10533: 10433: 9210: 5174: 5155: 4638: 2693:, that contributes to the present sustainability of capitalism by rendering it "aesthetically pleasing" and "agreeable". 2360:

Relations between students and the West German state continued deteriorating. In spring 1968, a prominent SDS spokesman,

1725:. Alarmed by reports from Europe, where Adorno's parents suffered increasing discrimination and Benjamin was interned in 583: 1464:. At the time, Kierkegaard's philosophy exerted a strong influence, chiefly through its claim to pose an alternative to 10548: 7560: 5834: 5277: 3065: 1005: 704: 455: 1900:, critic of the vogue enjoyed by Heideggerian philosophy, partisan of critical sociology, and teacher of music at the 10523: 10002: 9986: 9842: 9240: 5111: 4871: 4863: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4823: 3091: 2364:, was gunned down in the streets; in response, massive demonstrations took place, directed in particular against the 1511: 1348:. Berg, whom Adorno called "my master and teacher", was among the most prescient of his young pupil's early friends: 1259: 837: 778: 5228: 3073: 2743:

Adorno's reputation as a musicologist remains controversial. His sweeping criticisms of jazz and championing of the

2661:

and disenchantment and sought to produce a theory that both rejected positivism and avoided reinstating traditional

10438: 9205: 8533: 8453: 8433: 3506: 2763:

saw Adorno's writings as containing "some of the stupidest pages ever written about jazz". The British philosopher

1822:, Adorno put together a collection of aphorisms in honor of Horkheimer's 50th birthday that was later published as 2724:), morals, or the Culture Industry. The latter has become a particularly productive, yet highly contested term in 1769:, the text waited another three years before achieving book form when it was published with its definitive title, 10553: 10418: 10403: 10393: 9994: 9382: 7329: 6979: 6672: 6322: 5432: 5300: 2902:—Adorno requested its construction after a pedestrian death in 1962, and it was finally installed 25 years later. 1920:, Adorno produced a series of influential works to describe psychological fascist traits. One of these works was 2341:, claimed Adorno had subjected Benjamin to pressure during his years of exile in Berlin and compiled Benjamin's 10448: 10408: 9858: 5325: 3069: 3033: 2608:'s reduction of painting to its most elementary component—the line—is comprehensible outside this concern with 1761:

neighborhood of German émigrés that included Bertolt Brecht and Schoenberg. Adorno arrived with a draft of his

1758: 1709:, Adorno was expected to be the institute's liaison with Benjamin, who soon passed on to New York the study of 1364:. After writing the "Piano Pieces in strict twelve-tone technique", as well as songs later integrated into the 1079: 397: 5074:

The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute for Social Research 1923–1950

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Dialektische Phantasie. Die Geschichte der Frankfurter Schule und des Instituts für Sozialforschung 1923–1950

3136: 2997: 2898:" (Adorno-traffic light) on Senckenberganlage, a street which divides the Institute for Social Research from 2494: 2078: 1922: 1866: 1800: 1619: 1490: 1356:

After leaving Vienna, Adorno traveled through Italy, where he met with Kracauer, Benjamin, and the economist

1014: 173: 4134: 2464: 2121:

was never revived, the Institute nevertheless published a series of important sociological books, including

1602:

came to nothing, Adorno considered relocating to Britain upon his father's suggestion. With the help of the

10563: 10508: 10478: 9850: 9736: 9448: 8493: 8362: 7281: 7208: 6214: 3557: 2321: 1558: 598: 225: 5205: 1489:

Several months after qualifying as a lecturer in philosophy, Adorno delivered an inaugural lecture at the

1134:

At the age of six, he attended the Deutschherren Middle School, before transferring to the Kaiser-Wilhelm

10558: 10398: 10050: 9882: 9699: 9281: 8702: 7795: 6169: 5972: 3627: 2899: 1897: 1603: 1574: 1029:

that would later serve as models for sociological studies the Institute carried out in post-war Germany.

117: 2932:(MIT 1995), Lazarsfeld was the director of a project, funded and inspired by David Sarnoff (the head of 10518: 10513: 10473: 10328: 10238: 10010: 9906: 9890: 9874: 9674: 8676: 7322: 6807: 6637: 6184: 6124: 5977: 5340: 5293: 4987: 3112: 2982: 2476:

as "preparation of a changed definition of dialectics" and that they stop "where the start should be" (

2082:, Adorno penned a long letter to the author, who then approved its publication in the literary journal 2015:, Kracauer's writings and a two-volume edition of Benjamin's writings. Adorno's own recently published 1678: 1195:, or Gretel, moved into the intellectual circles of Berlin, where she became acquainted with Benjamin, 1112: 1060:, Adorno delivered scathing critiques of contemporary Western culture. Adorno's posthumously published 928: 390: 7939: 2438:. Their major theories fascinated many left-wing intellectuals in the first half of the 20th century. 10528: 10413: 10090: 9642: 9627: 9458: 8952: 8563: 8513: 7443: 6514: 6259: 6189: 6050: 2963: 2747:

in opposition to Stravinsky have caused him to fall out of favor. The distinguished American scholar

2581:

in order to explain the cohesion of a repressive society acting against fundamental human interests.

2506:, although their influence is not explicitly named." Marx's influence on Adorno first came by way of 2312: 1795: 1345: 1041: 666: 641: 358: 6792: 2554:; the second, an unpublished 1942 essay, "Reflections on Class Theory", published postmortem in his 10568: 10423: 10179: 10026: 9743: 9637: 9632: 9307: 8553: 8503: 8312: 7602: 7168: 6952: 6353: 6239: 6045: 5411: 3054: 2796: 2769: 2230: 2197: 1805: 851: 6707: 5769: 5033: 3946: 1702:. In light of this situation, Horkheimer soon found a permanent post for Adorno at the Institute. 10153: 9866: 9669: 9647: 9392: 9162: 9111: 8972: 8967: 8633: 7944: 7228: 7178: 6602: 6119: 5236: 4316:

Theodor W. Adorno: "Probleme der Moralphilosophie". Nachgelassene Schriften, section 4, vol. 10:

3527:

while at the same time working to abolish discordance" (Adorno quoted by James Martin Harding in

3058: 2976: 2357:

to express his disapproval of the "in part, shameful, not to say disgraceful" remarks by Arendt.

1982: 1332:. In addition to his twice-weekly sessions with Berg, Adorno continued his studies on piano with 1293: 1249: 719: 671: 156: 8297: 6732: 5809: 4718: 2217:

At the same time Adorno struck up relationships with contemporary German-language poets such as

1095:

Theodor W. Adorno (alias: Theodor Adorno-Wiesengrund) was born as Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund in

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itself. Soon Adorno himself would become an object of the students' ire. At the invitation of

1826:. These fragmentary writings, inspired by a renewed reading of Nietzsche, treated issues like 10074: 9694: 9679: 9583: 9172: 8638: 8628: 8523: 8049: 8004: 7507: 7286: 6860: 6835: 6813: 6722: 6547: 6520: 6494: 6428: 6085: 5997: 5982: 5789: 5569: 3961: 3524: 2523: 2299: 2177: 2056:

to survey his prospects at the Hacker Foundation. While there he wrote a content analysis of

1730: 1531: 1421: 1071: 980: 724: 439: 404: 72: 5138: 3164:

Against Epistemology: A Metacritique; Studies in Husserl and the Phenomenological Antinomies

1582:"persons who belong to the German nation by profound ties of character and blood. As a "non- 1078:

accords to content over form and contemplation over immersion. Adorno was nominated for the

374: 10338: 10333: 10082: 9753: 9716: 9617: 9612: 9548: 9407: 9121: 8643: 8443: 7904: 7248: 7128: 7118: 7026: 6999: 6902: 6423: 5055: 2543: 2410:, Switzerland, at the foot of Matterhorn to restore his strength. On 6 August he died of a 1931: 1599: 308: 8242: 8029: 7964: 6682: 5724: 5709: 5052:

Gordon, Peter. Adorno and Existence. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press, 2016.

4575: 221: 8: 10221: 10058: 9506: 9489: 9443: 9433: 9300: 9256: 8942: 8856: 8483: 8044: 7989: 7909: 7851: 7734: 7629: 7359: 7291: 7258: 7233: 7068: 7021: 7016: 6830: 6787: 6777: 6727: 6612: 6464: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6346: 6149: 6009: 5844: 5804: 5364: 4795:, 2nd edition. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1969, p. 122 (also cited in Friedemann Grenz, 4723: 3431: 3236: 2666: 2649: 2639:'s philosophy of history. Adorno, along with the other major Frankfurt School theorists, 2519: 2268: 1981:

in New York, and saw his mother for the last time. After stopping in Paris, where he met

1738: 1535: 1341: 1236: 1135: 1057: 940: 661: 631: 432: 425: 411: 333: 9068: 6747: 5814: 5714: 5222: 3533:, SUNY Press, 1997, p. 30); variant translation by Robert Hullot-Kentor in Adorno, 10143: 10133: 9934: 9810: 9684: 9605: 9569: 9377: 9235: 9177: 9101: 9013: 9003: 8926: 8840: 8818: 8732: 8603: 8262: 8227: 8137: 7664: 7497: 7448: 7253: 7243: 7213: 7188: 6974: 6912: 6772: 6702: 6572: 6479: 6398: 6383: 6209: 6129: 6060: 5987: 5764: 5649: 5579: 5529: 5026: 3407: 3399: 3349: 2717: 2632: 2507: 2480:

5: 249 f.). Adorno dedicated himself to this task in one of his later major works, the

2165: 1954: 1734: 1710: 1683: 1357: 1188: 1139: 603: 573: 543: 166: 77: 8212: 5719: 5669: 4215: 3570:

Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009).

3374:

Swift, Christopher (2010). "Herbert Marcuse on the New Left: Dialectic and Rhetoric".

2924:

One example of the clash of intellectual culture and Adorno's methods can be found in

2847: 2502:, Marxist critique is, for Adorno, a "silent orthodoxy, whose categories in Adorno's 2499: 2111: 518: 235: 10276: 10264: 9924: 9800: 9215: 9008: 8921: 8828: 8808: 8772: 8752: 8737: 8392: 8292: 8257: 8059: 8054: 7929: 7545: 7535: 7384: 7369: 7345: 7303: 7263: 7138: 7031: 7005: 6647: 6607: 6499: 6474: 6393: 6388: 6269: 6174: 6080: 5889: 5188:

Odysseus and the Siren Call of Reason: The Frankfurt School Critique of Enlightenment

5107: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4819: 4719:"Reading Bourdieu with Adorno: The Limits of Critical Theory and Reflexive Sociology" 4428: 4395: 4299: 3579: 3411: 3391: 2782: 2443: 2251:, arose out of disagreements at the 1959 14th German Sociology Conference in Berlin. 2222: 2201: 2057: 1742: 1333: 1309: 1227: 996: 984: 754: 729: 593: 558: 553: 9949: 8162: 7856: 5659: 1990: 10252: 10113: 10034: 10018: 9898: 9463: 9372: 9261: 9230: 9183: 9126: 9091: 9063: 9038: 8982: 8916: 8762: 8747: 8648: 8322: 8282: 8272: 8222: 8207: 8197: 8157: 8117: 8107: 7984: 7954: 7914: 7800: 7636: 7614: 7404: 7394: 6767: 6717: 6662: 6577: 6562: 6509: 5925: 5884: 5854: 5829: 5754: 5679: 5654: 5624: 5539: 5514: 5509: 5494: 5395: 5372: 5254: 4496: 3535: 3501: 3383: 3265: 2988: 2748: 2725: 2690: 2423: 2262:, and which had subsequently seeped into public discourse. His 1964 publication of 2189: 2169: 2137:, a textbook-like anthology intended as an introductory work about the discipline. 2028:

Yet Adorno was no less moved by other public events: protesting the publication of

2024:

extremely powerful gravitational field; in this respect it is similar to your book.

1935: 1746: 1522:

Following Horkheimer's taking up the directorship of the Institute, a new journal,

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Adorno, T. (1947). Wagner, Nietzsche and Hitler. The Kenyon Review, 9(1), 155-162.

2966:

have published new translations of some of Adorno's lectures and books, including

2837:

Adorno posits social totality as an automatic system. According to Horst Müller's

2751:

declared Adorno to be "preposterously over-rated." The eminent pianist and critic

1974: 1811:

After the USA entered the war in 1941, the situation of the émigrés, now classed "

1686:, to discuss the Project's plans for investigating the impact of broadcast music. 1494: 1482:

in February 1931. On the very day his revised study was published, 23 March 1933,

1400:

to champion radical modern music against what he called the "stabilized music" of

1127:

child but, as he recalled later in life, a child prodigy who could play pieces by

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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

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The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences

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wrote that Adorno was "A writer among bureaucrats", Adorno presented "Progress".

2034: 2003: 1978: 1839: 1831: 1784: 1690: 1669: 1660: 1655: 1516: 1506: 1502: 1405: 1389: 1377: 1231: 1168: 1108: 999:

formed the backdrop of his subsequent writings and led to his collaboration with

903: 891: 876: 734: 646: 568: 538: 493: 194: 189: 2439: 2308: 1234:

and Eduard Jung. At around the same time, he befriended Siegfried Kracauer, the

10312: 10288: 9790: 9731: 9564: 9499: 9484: 9387: 9096: 9078: 9043: 8998: 8977: 8861: 8653: 8543: 8473: 8372: 8347: 8217: 8187: 8147: 8112: 7969: 7894: 7879: 7874: 7765: 7755: 7465: 7416: 7238: 7218: 7088: 6845: 6797: 6757: 6692: 6642: 6622: 6557: 6224: 6070: 6035: 5992: 5967: 5962: 5955: 5920: 5915: 5794: 5774: 5759: 5744: 5729: 5689: 5684: 5619: 5599: 5564: 5519: 5504: 5356: 5010: 4580: 3117: 2917: 2640: 2628: 2566: 2375: 2368:, which had led a campaign to vilify the students. An open appeal published in 2365: 2303: 2106:, formed the central texts of the 1961 publication of the second volume of his 2091: 2040: 2008: 1791: 1673: 1615: 1473: 1337: 1305: 1298: 1203: 1196: 1172: 1120: 1067: 952: 934: 895: 886:

of critical theory, whose work has come to be associated with thinkers such as

766: 709: 686: 636: 528: 488: 418: 264: 207: 5819: 5003: 4594:

Lee Artz (2015). Global Entertainment Media: A Critical Introduction. 188-200.

3599: 3387: 2099: 10322: 9969: 9964: 9939: 9748: 9689: 9600: 9528: 9453: 9167: 9146: 8742: 8718: 8658: 8367: 8352: 8342: 8327: 8277: 8232: 8192: 8127: 8122: 8092: 7959: 7899: 7841: 7565: 7379: 7268: 7058: 6917: 6840: 6782: 6697: 6677: 6537: 6489: 6289: 6254: 6179: 6014: 5849: 5799: 5734: 5694: 5554: 5534: 5484: 5165: 5117: 4814:

Adorno, Theodor (1990). "On Popular Music", translated by George Simpson. In

4629: 4418: 4303: 3395: 2774: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2686: 2605: 2570: 2361: 2334: 2193: 2185: 2173: 2146: 2029: 1986: 1835: 1665: 1543: 1478: 1409: 1401: 1192: 1116: 1045: 513: 254: 129: 81: 6459: 6114: 1962: 1344:, and he met Lukács, who had been living in Vienna after the failure of the 1048:, and continued interventions into matters of public policy. As a writer of 9824: 9622: 9553: 9513: 9341: 9276: 9266: 9048: 8957: 8947: 8813: 8787: 8337: 8332: 8307: 8237: 8172: 8132: 8102: 8097: 8009: 7999: 7889: 7624: 7619: 7607: 7528: 7514: 7438: 6872: 6737: 6617: 6597: 6449: 6219: 6104: 6090: 5940: 5839: 5739: 5704: 5629: 5559: 5549: 5499: 5489: 5193: 4547:

Berio, L. (1985, p27) Two Interviews. New York & London, Marion Boyars.

4487:, Vol. 12, No. 1, A Special issue on Music (Fall-Winter 1989-90), pp. 45-69 3463: 3333:

2 songs for voice & orchestra after Mark Twain's "Indian Joe" (1932/33)

3013: 2895: 2793: 2589: 2578: 2411: 2274: 2255: 2053: 1998: 1847: 1812: 1648: 1611: 1595: 1453: 1436: 1361: 1184: 1022: 1010: 613: 533: 523: 503: 274: 239: 211: 5022:"Convergences and Discord in the Correspondence Between Ligeti and Adorno" 1262:

in Frankfurt, Adorno continued his readings with Kracauer, turning now to

10148: 10138: 10118: 9538: 9518: 9428: 9351: 9141: 8962: 8899: 8871: 8792: 8618: 8413: 8387: 8382: 8182: 8167: 8034: 8014: 7994: 7846: 7821: 7780: 7641: 7550: 7540: 7502: 7460: 7423: 7389: 7041: 6994: 6850: 6802: 6762: 6712: 6504: 6294: 6204: 6109: 6004: 5935: 5879: 5869: 5864: 5824: 5639: 5614: 5589: 5574: 5424: 5182: 4797:

Adornos Philosophie in Grundbegriffen. Auflösung einiger Deutungsprobleme

2670: 2662: 2658: 2609: 2585: 2242: 2073: 1880:

Three Choruses for Female Voices from the Poems of Theodor Däubler, op. 8

1851: 1754: 1498: 1457: 1370:

The Concept of the Unconscious in the Transcendental Theory of the Psyche

1302: 1267: 1180: 1164: 1147: 1033: 1000: 972: 899: 887: 868: 498: 5214: 4706: 4556:

Adorno, Theodor (2005). In Search of Wagner. London and New York: Verso.

3403: 3024: 2850:, in particular, and the Frankfurt School in general, misconstrue Marx. 1930:

performed by multiple research institutes in the US, and consisting of '

1643:, Adorno began working on his own book of aphorisms, which later became 9959: 9954: 9929: 9709: 9533: 9397: 9346: 9323: 9220: 9053: 8904: 8777: 8757: 8623: 8583: 8152: 8142: 8019: 7949: 7836: 7805: 7785: 7729: 7724: 7679: 7574: 7011: 6989: 6882: 6667: 6627: 6587: 6454: 6369: 6249: 6154: 5594: 4818:, edited by Simon Frith and Andrew Goodwin, 301–14. London: Routledge. 4256: 3476:

art as an opposition to the conventional experience of the mass media).

2654: 2218: 2181: 1905: 1843: 1827: 1583: 1553: 1413: 1329: 1321: 1207: 1075: 1026: 988: 968: 956: 872: 588: 578: 284: 279: 269: 4973:

The Frankfurt School, Its History, Theories and Political Significance

2930:

The Frankfurt School, Its History, Theories and Political Significance

2890: 1448:

form and, by that token, detached from the surface of the composition.

10200: 10186: 10184: 10174: 10158: 9726: 9664: 9523: 9356: 9200: 8909: 8782: 8767: 8663: 8613: 8377: 8252: 7979: 7750: 7674: 7581: 7555: 7475: 6922: 6892: 6687: 6632: 6552: 6484: 6284: 6279: 6264: 6134: 5905: 5874: 5784: 4939:

The Brooklyn Rail: Critical Perspectives on Art, Politics and Culture

4204:

Zur Dialektik von Moderne und Postmoderne. Vernunftkritik nach Adorno

3473: 3273:

The Stars Down to Earth and Other Essays on the Irrational in Culture

2959: 2721: 2624: 1548: 1425: 1417: 1385: 1223: 1176: 1128: 1096: 1053: 1037: 963:

conception of natural history that critiqued the twin temptations of

960: 919: 681: 656: 259: 67: 7314: 5416: 5285: 3285:

The Psychological Technique of Martin Luther Thomas' Radio Addresses

3043: 1211: 39: 9438: 9116: 8588: 8064: 7790: 7760: 7719: 7714: 7480: 7455: 7223: 6957: 6907: 6887: 6752: 6164: 6075: 6030: 4740: 3336:

Kinderjahr – Six Piano pieces from op. 68 of Robert Schumann (1941)

2884: 2575:

The Concept of the Unconscious in the Transcendental Theory of Mind

2537: 2370: 2349:

with a great deal of bias. In response, Benjamin's longtime friend

1864:

At the end of October 1949, Adorno left America for Europe just as

1726: 1578: 1539: 1465: 1429: 1384:'s early writings. Against the function of the unconscious in both 1258:

Leaving gymnasium to study philosophy, psychology and sociology at

1100: 964: 945: 321: 10283: 3000:. Hullot-Kentor is also currently working on a new translation of 761: 9225: 9131: 9086: 7826: 7689: 7470: 7428: 7411: 7036: 6984: 6942: 6927: 6897: 6065: 5945: 5218: 5076:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996. 4333:. Vol. I: 1927–1937. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2003, pp. 129 f. 2601: 2407: 1958: 1779: 1435:

At this time Adorno struck up a correspondence with the composer

1340:. In Vienna he and Berg attended public lectures by the satirist 1325: 1104: 1049: 976: 289: 8687: 5150: 4935:"Robert Hullot-Kentor in Conversation with Fabio Akcelrud Durão" 4280:

In: Richard Klein, Johann Kreuzer, Stefan Müller-Doohm (Hrsg.):

4247:. Vol. 1. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, pp. 663–700, here p. 664. 4185:

In: Richard Klein, Johann Kreuzer, Stefan Müller-Doohm (Hrsg.):

4145: 3822: 2133:, a study of work satisfaction among workers in Mannesmann, and 1787:, as well as analyses of the culture industry and antisemitism. 9654: 8608: 7699: 7669: 7521: 7433: 7364: 6969: 6947: 6877: 6855: 6098: 5042: 3008:, and the letters to Adorno's parents, have been translated by 2381:

In September 1968 Adorno went to Vienna for the publication of

2316: 2103: 2095: 1953:(1966), in which he argued on the survival of the uneradicated 1483: 1396:. In a proposal for transforming the journal, he sought to use 1215: 105: 3523:"[Art's] paradoxical task is to attest to the lack of 3462:

Theodor W. Adorno (trans. Francis McDonagh), "Commitment" in

1374:

Der Begriff des Unbewußten in der transzendentalen Seelenlehre

10193: 9292: 7709: 7704: 7684: 7492: 6742: 6338: 6199: 6040: 5104:

Adorno, Modernism and Mass Culture: Essays on Critical Theory

3604: 3502:"Cold, cold, warm: Autonomy, intimacy and maturity in Adorno" 2955: 2828:

Psychological transfer of recognition-authority to the object

2527: 2435: 2427: 2047: 1774: 1469: 1381: 1263: 1009:, while the two men lived in California as exiles during the 979:. As a classically trained pianist whose sympathies with the 915: 907: 5143: 2980:

and Aristotle's "Metaphysics", and a new translation of the

1672:. Yet Adorno's work continued with studies of Beethoven and 823: 7694: 6963: 6937: 6139: 4453: 4345: 4206:. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1985, pp. 135–166. In German. 4102: 4090: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3918: 3906: 3894: 3882: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3810: 3798: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3578:] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 293. 2682: 2431: 1719:

The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproducibility

1570: 1428:

can no more be regarded as an authoritative canon than can

1230:

while taking private lessons with well-respected composers

911: 829: 814: 101: 4773: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3642: 3569: 3321:

3 stories by Theodor Däubler for female chorus (1923–1945)

2883:

As a pioneer of a self-reflexive sociology who prefigured

2569:

is a constitutive element of critical theory. Adorno read

1668:, then under the directorship of the Austrian sociologist 6932: 4676: 4674: 3666: 3600:"Duden | Adorno | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition" 2939:

Adorno himself provided the following personal anecdote:

2933: 2518:). From this text, Adorno took the Marxist categories of 16:

German philosopher, sociologist, and theorist (1903–1969)

4483:

Theodor W. Adorno, trans. Jamie Owen Daniel, "On Jazz."

4394:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 242–5. 4141:(in German) (5th ed.). Hamburg: Junius. p. 31. 10499:

Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States

3870: 3678: 3279:

Beethoven: The Philosophy of Music; Fragments and Texts

1654:

At this time Adorno was in intense correspondence with

1589: 1432:

be relied on to provide instructions for the composer.

1368:, op. 6, Adorno presented his habilitation manuscript, 1107:, was once a professional singer, while his father, an 1036:

on the limitations of positivist science, critiques of

867:; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German 5122:

Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left

4770:, 2nd edition. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1969, p.145 4686: 4671: 4647: 4441: 10236: 8464:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

7149:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

5062:. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. 4741:

Berger, Frank; Setzepfandt, Christian (May 7, 2011).

4369: 3984:

Andreas Dorschel, 'Der Geist ist stets gestört', in:

3654: 3451:

The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception

2806: 1940:

Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda

1876:

Four Songs for Voice and Piano by Stefan George, op.7

922:. As a critic of both fascism and what he called the 838: 826: 5093:

Morgan, Ben. "The project of the Frankfurt School",

5088:

Grand Hotel Abyss: The Lives of the Frankfurt School

4085:

Stormtroopers: A New History of Hitler's Brownshirts

3786: 3774: 2878: 2145:

Throughout the fifties and sixties, Adorno became a

1902:

Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music

1753:

In November 1941 Adorno followed Horkheimer to what

1460:, which Adorno eventually submitted under the title 820: 5268:

Supramundane Character of the Hegelian World Spirit

4727:(Journal of the British Sociological Association), 4424:

The Uses of Pessimism: and the Danger of False Hope

4124:. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 32. 2526:. These are closely related to Adorno's concept of 817: 5083:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1984. 4465: 4413: 4411: 4267:. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, pp. 113–142. 2498:clearly shaped Adorno's thinking. As described by 1757:called "German California", setting up house in a 1226:—but also began studying music composition at the 4357: 4298:. Vol. 8. Suhrkamp Taschenbuch. p. 42. 3424: 2948: 2696:In his early essays for the Vienna-based journal 2676: 1890: 1623:Music Criticism" in the Viennese musical journal 1320:During the summer of 1924, the Viennese composer 1243:s literary editor, of whom he would later write: 10320: 5417:Articles and topics related to Theodor W. Adorno 4220:Theorie und Praxis. Sozialphilosophische Studien 3948:Politics and Economics in the Interview Material 2906: 1315: 1017:, Adorno collaborated on influential studies of 959:in early 20th-century Europe, Adorno advanced a 4408: 4387: 4151: 4133: 2281: 1639:. Impressed by Horkheimer's book of aphorisms, 9819:Fourth Great Debate in international relations 4888:Adorno, Theodor (2000). Brian O'Connor (ed.). 1713:he hoped would serve as a model of the larger 1606:, Adorno registered as an advanced student at 1146:that year, as well as by his fascination with 1123:, his name was modified to Theodor W. Adorno. 19:"Adorno" redirects here. For the surname, see 10489:Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt 9771: 9308: 8703: 7330: 6354: 5440: 5301: 5194:"Adorno during the 1950s" by Juergen Habermas 4284:J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, p. 284. 4189:J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, p. 318. 3250:Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords 3212:Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords 3145:Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life 1824:Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life 1614:, Adorno worked on a dialectical critique of 786: 10198: 9808: 9798: 9788: 9504: 7572: 7526: 7512: 7079:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 5262:at Marxists.org. Contains complete texts of 4961: 4914: 4799:. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1974, p. 43.). 4459: 4351: 4108: 4096: 4071: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4011: 3999: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3864: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3804: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3648: 3542: 3324:2 Pieces for string quartet, Op. 2 (1925/26) 2531: 2011:, inducing the latter to publish Benjamin's 325: 5183:Illuminations – The Critical Theory Project 4970: 4915:Arato, Andrew; Gephart, Eike, eds. (1982). 4901:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4779: 4320:. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1996, p. 123. 3491:, Edinburgh University Press, 2008, p. 265. 3072:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3004:. Adorno's correspondence with Alban Berg, 2635:'s Hegelian interpretation of Marxism, and 1926:(1950), published as a contribution to the 1818:In addition to the aphorisms that conclude 9315: 9301: 8710: 8696: 7337: 7323: 6361: 6347: 5454: 5447: 5433: 5308: 5294: 5221: 4933:Durão, Fabio Akcelrud (July–August 2008). 4928:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 4816:On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word 4514:Critical Entertainments: Music Old and New 4172:. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1989, p. 116. 3170:Dissonanzen. Musik in der verwalteten Welt 3106:Kierkegaard: Construction of the Aesthetic 2604:'s fascination with African sculpture nor 2417: 2212: 2048:More essays on mass culture and literature 1594:After the possibility of transferring his 987:resulted in his studying composition with 793: 779: 38: 9722:Relationship between religion and science 5244: 5190:published in Other Voices, n.1 v.1, 1997. 4613:Adorno, Theodor (1941). "Popular Music". 3425:Christine Fillion (Fall 2012). "Adorno's 3092:Learn how and when to remove this message 1741:"; on the other were those who supported 1090: 4999:The Administered World of Theodor Adorno 4923: 4503:. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. xiv. 4282:Adorno-Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung. 4187:Adorno-Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung. 4164:form must be included". Max Horkheimer: 3876: 3672: 3327:7 short works for orchestra, Op.4 (1929) 3023: 3006:Towards a Theory of Musical Reproduction 2889: 2426:, Adorno was influenced by the works of 1794:-led Public Opinion Study Group and the 1131:on the piano by the time he was twelve. 1044:, writings on German responsibility for 944:(1966)—strongly influenced the European 10354:20th-century German non-fiction writers 10043:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 5202:Sound recordings with Theodor W. Adorno 4952: 4692: 4680: 4653: 4627: 4447: 4427:. Oxford University Press. p. 89. 4417: 3244:Alban Berg: Master of the Smallest Link 2383:Alban Berg: Master of the Smallest Link 2327:Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund 1947:The Meaning of Working Through the Past 10321: 9398:Machian positivism (empirio-criticism) 4905: 4896: 4887: 4883:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4878: 4813: 4665: 4612: 4471: 4375: 4293: 4261:III. Die Integration der Psychoanalyse 4087:, p. 327. Yale University Press, 2017. 3792: 3780: 3684: 3660: 3230:Night Music: Essays on Music 1928–1962 3200:Introduction to the Sociology of Music 2916:essays collection, Adorno praised the 2825:Self-reflection and act of recognition 2552:Introduction to the Sociology of Music 2248:Positivist Dispute in German Sociology 1573:party became the largest party in the 1456:'s offer to present a habilitation on 1301:under the direction of the unorthodox 9770: 9296: 8691: 7344: 7318: 6342: 6245:Violence § Philosophical perspectives 5428: 5415: 5315: 5289: 4932: 4917:The Essential Frankfurt School Reader 4707:https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8110305 4363: 4200:Adorno, Anwalt des Nicht-Identischen. 3472:, Continuum, 1978, pp. 300–318 ( 3469:The Essential Frankfurt School Reader 3373: 2974:, his transcribed lectures on Kant's 2832: 850: 5106:. London: Kahn & Averill, 2004. 5060:Prismatic Thought: Theodor W. Adorno 4222:. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1963, p. 170. 4183:Negative Dialektik: Kritik an Hegel. 3070:adding citations to reliable sources 3037: 2072:. In response to the publication of 1911: 1590:Exile: Oxford, New York, Los Angeles 1276:Neue Blätter für Kunst und Literatur 5251:Works by or about Theodor W. Adorno 5175:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5156:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4892:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 4639:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4501:The Oxford History of Western Music 4329:Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer: 3530:Adorno and "a Writing of the Ruins" 3312:6 Studies for string quartet (1920) 2792:Writing in the New Yorker in 2014, 2785:has written a foreword to Adorno's 1618:'s epistemology. By this time, the 13: 10484:Goethe University Frankfurt alumni 10384:Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery 10349:20th-century German male musicians 9675:Nomothetic–idiographic distinction 4981: 4926:Theodor W. Adorno: One Last Genius 4122:Adorno. Eine politische Biographie 2996:by Robert Hullot-Kentor, from the 2853: 2807:The five components of recognition 2090:, appeared in 1958. After meeting 1366:Six Bagatelles for Voice and Piano 1167:. Along with future collaborators 1085: 1066:, which he planned to dedicate to 1013:. Working for the newly relocated 705:Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory 456:The Theory of Communicative Action 44:Adorno in Heidelberg in April 1964 14: 10585: 10374:20th-century German musicologists 10003:The Logic of Scientific Discovery 9987:Materialism and Empirio-criticism 9843:The Course in Positive Philosophy 8717: 5131: 4992:Adorno and the Ends of Philosophy 4957:. England: Open University Press. 4170:Nachgelassene Schriften 1949–1972 3507:Philosophy & Social Criticism 3488:Literary Criticism: A New History 3427:Marginalien zu Theorie und Praxis 2879:Adorno's responses to his critics 2623:Adorno was chiefly influenced by 2086:. A second collection of essays, 1885: 1512:The Origin of German Tragic Drama 1462:The Construction of the Aesthetic 1260:Johann Wolfgang Goethe University 1154:, of which he would later write: 10379:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford 10369:20th-century classical composers 10359:20th-century German philosophers 10306: 10294: 10282: 10270: 10258: 10246: 9206:Concentration of media ownership 8534:The Closing of the American Mind 8454:Civilization and Its Discontents 8434:A Vindication of Natural Society 7297: 5124:. New York: Bloomsbury US, 2015. 4139:Theodor W. Adorno zur Einführung 3303: 3291:Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' 3042: 2561: 2516:Geschichte und Klassenbewußtsein 2172:, which included composers like 2140: 2125:(1955), a collection of essays, 1968: 1874:and completed two compositions: 1705:In addition to helping with the 1515:and preliminary sketches of the 918:were essential to a critique of 810: 760: 748: 447:The Structural Transformation of 373: 10469:German people of French descent 10464:German people of Jewish descent 10454:German male non-fiction writers 10444:German male classical composers 9995:History and Class Consciousness 5264:Enlightenment as Mass Deception 5067:Adorno: A Critical Introduction 4997:Brunger, Jeremy (5 May 2015). " 4881:Notes to Literature: Volume two 4785: 4768:Stichworte. Kritische Modelle 2 4760: 4743:"Frankfurt gnadenlos entdecken" 4734: 4711: 4698: 4621: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4519: 4506: 4490: 4477: 4388:Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017). 4381: 4336: 4323: 4310: 4287: 4270: 4250: 4237: 4225: 4209: 4192: 4175: 4157: 4127: 4114: 4077: 3978: 3969: 3954: 3939: 3930: 3620: 3592: 3576:German Pronunciation Dictionary 3429:: In Praise of Discontinuity". 3330:3 Short Pieces for piano (1934) 2781:On the other hand, the scholar 2512:History and Class Consciousness 2442:speaks critically of Adorno's " 2333:, which, following the lead of 2209:through its logic to the end." 1627:, "On Jazz" in the institute's 1524:Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung 882:He was a leading member of the 138: 10539:German philosophers of culture 9859:Critical History of Philosophy 9322: 6368: 4525:Hobsbawm, Eric (1993, p. 300) 3572:Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch 3563: 3550: 3517: 3494: 3479: 3456: 3443: 3418: 3367: 3034:Theodor W. Adorno bibliography 2949:Adorno translated into English 2677:Music and the Culture Industry 2388: 1891:Return to Frankfurt University 1080:1965 Nobel Prize in Literature 465:Age of Mechanical Reproduction 1: 10344:20th-century German composers 10067:Knowledge and Human Interests 9403:Rankean historical positivism 8424:Oration on the Dignity of Man 5349:The Authoritarian Personality 5204:in the Online Archive of the 5144:University of Minnesota Press 4962:Müller-Doohm, Stefan (2005). 4793:Stichworte. Kritische Modelle 3990:nr. 129 (7 June 2004), p. 14. 3355: 3188:Mahler: A Musical Physiognomy 3137:The Authoritarian Personality 2998:University of Minnesota Press 2907:Adorno's sociological methods 2839:Kritik der kritischen Theorie 2495:Critique of Political Economy 2206:Mahler: A Musical Physiognomy 1923:The Authoritarian Personality 1916:Starting with his 1947 essay 1867:The Authoritarian Personality 1801:The Authoritarian Personality 1733:'s thesis according to which 1620:Institute for Social Research 1491:Institute for Social Research 1336:and befriended the violinist 1316:Vienna, Frankfurt, and Berlin 1015:Institute for Social Research 10185: 9851:A General View of Positivism 8494:The Society of the Spectacle 7209:Aestheticization of politics 5260:The Adorno Reference Archive 3558:Oxford Dictionary of English 3360: 2972:Problems of Moral Philosophy 2689:, viewing it as part of the 2487: 2398:. In June 1969 he completed 2311:, Adorno was invited to the 2282:Confrontations with students 2013:Berlin Childhood Around 1900 1918:Wagner, Nietzsche and Hitler 1559:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1074:, and explode the privilege 951:Amidst the vogue enjoyed by 852:[ˈteːodoːɐ̯ʔaˈdɔʁno] 7: 10389:Columbia University faculty 10364:20th-century German writers 10051:Conjectures and Refutations 9883:The Logic of Modern Physics 9700:Deductive-nomological model 6170:Interpellation (philosophy) 5973:Non-representational theory 4975:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 4966:. Malden, MA: Polity Press. 4516:. Harvard University Press. 4294:Adorno, Theodor W. (1997). 3343: 3309:Für Sebastian Wedler (1919) 2900:Goethe University Frankfurt 2757:The Philosophy of New Music 2422:Like most theorists of the 2400:Catchwords: Critical Models 1932:qualitative interpretations 1604:Academic Assistance Council 1486:seized dictatorial powers. 232:Other notable students 118:Goethe University Frankfurt 10: 10590: 10544:Philosophers of literature 10534:German philosophers of art 10434:German classical composers 10011:The Poverty of Historicism 9907:The Universe in a Nutshell 9891:Language, Truth, and Logic 9875:The Analysis of Sensations 6125:Existence precedes essence 5341:Dialectic of Enlightenment 5069:. Cambridge: Polity, 1998. 4971:Wiggershaus, Rolf (1995). 4955:Key Themes in Media Theory 4806: 4245:Handbuch Kritische Theorie 3376:Rhetoric Society Quarterly 3224:The Jargon of Authenticity 3113:Dialectic of Enlightenment 3031: 2983:Dialectic of Enlightenment 2737:Dialectic of Enlightenment 2264:The Jargon of Authenticity 2233:as well as the film-maker 1820:Dialectic of Enlightenment 1771:Dialectic of Enlightenment 1723:Dialectic of Enlightenment 1679:Dialectic of Enlightenment 1564:The Treasure of Indian Joe 929:Dialectic of Enlightenment 865:Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund 391:Dialectic of Enlightenment 54:Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund 18: 10549:Scientists from Frankfurt 10219: 10167: 10101: 10091:The Rhetoric of Economics 9978: 9917: 9834: 9781: 9777: 9772:Positivist-related debate 9766: 9593: 9562: 9477: 9421: 9365: 9334: 9330: 9249: 9193: 9155: 9077: 9026: 8991: 8935: 8892: 8885: 8849: 8801: 8725: 8672: 8576: 8564:Intellectuals and Society 8514:The Culture of Narcissism 8405: 8073: 7865: 7814: 7743: 7657: 7650: 7590: 7352: 7277: 7201: 7050: 6823: 6530: 6442: 6376: 6318: 6260:Hermeneutics of suspicion 6023: 5898: 5462: 5422: 5383: 5332: 5323: 5206:Österreichische Mediathek 4924:Claussen, Detlev (2008). 3388:10.1080/02773941003614472 3028:Adorno mural in Frankfurt 2968:Introduction to Sociology 2964:Stanford University Press 2768:Irritation with Adorno's 2595: 2353:, wrote to the editor of 2313:Free University of Berlin 2245:, later published as the 1951:Education after Auschwitz 1796:American Jewish Committee 1474:existentialist philosophy 1346:Hungarian Soviet Republic 1324:'s "Three Fragments from 1247:For years Kracauer read 995:, Adorno's commitment to 642:Communicative rationality 348: 298: 245: 231: 217: 203: 172: 162: 152: 148: 123: 113: 88: 49: 37: 30: 10524:People from Hesse-Nassau 10027:Two Dogmas of Empiricism 9744:Structural functionalism 9670:Naturalism in literature 9282:Society of the Spectacle 8554:The Malaise of Modernity 8504:The History of Sexuality 7603:Catholic social teaching 6240:Transvaluation of values 6046:Apollonian and Dionysian 5090:. New York: Verso, 2016. 4994:, Cambridge: Polity 2013 4906:Adorno, Theodor (2003). 4897:Adorno, Theodor (2002). 4879:Adorno, Theodor (1992). 4460:Arato & Gephart 1982 4135:Schweppenhäuser, Gerhard 3963:Adorno and the political 3466:, Eike Gebhardt (eds.), 3019: 2706:pseudo-individualisation 2449: 2231:Hans Magnus Enzensberger 2198:Gottfried Michael Koenig 1842:and became friends with 1806:F-scale personality test 1631:, "Farewell to Jazz" in 1394:Musikblätter des Anbruch 1281:Musikblätter des Anbruch 1187:, as well as his friend 906:, for whom the works of 10439:German literary critics 10154:Willard Van Orman Quine 9867:Idealism and Positivism 9459:Critique of metaphysics 9393:Sociological positivism 9163:Influence of mass media 8968:Narcotizing dysfunction 8634:Philosophy of education 7229:Evolutionary aesthetics 7179:The Aesthetic Dimension 5099:, Nr. 119 (2001), 75–98 4512:Rosen, C. (2000, p117) 3130:Philosophy of New Music 3124:Composing for the Films 2994:Philosophy of New Music 2977:Critique of Pure Reason 2540:is central for Adorno. 2460:Gerhard Schweppenhäuser 2418:Intellectual influences 2213:Post-war German culture 2062:The Stars Down to Earth 1983:Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler 1872:Philosophy of New Music 1767:Philosophical Fragments 1763:Philosophy of New Music 1666:Princeton Radio Project 1250:Critique of Pure Reason 1144:The Theory of the Novel 926:, his writings—such as 307:Criticism of left-wing 157:20th-century philosophy 10554:Second Viennese School 10419:German Marxist writers 10404:German epistemologists 10394:Communication scholars 10199: 10168:Concepts in contention 9809: 9799: 9789: 9680:Objectivity in science 9578:Non-Euclidean geometry 9544:Methodological dualism 9505: 8824:Freedom of information 7573: 7527: 7513: 7159:Avant-Garde and Kitsch 7109:Lectures on Aesthetics 6310:Philosophy of language 6275:Linguistic determinism 6185:Master–slave dialectic 6160:Historical materialism 5456:Continental philosophy 5401:Second Viennese School 5245:Online works by Adorno 5208:(Scientific lectures) 5164:Zuidervaart, Lambert. 4919:. New York: Continuum. 4910:. New York: Continuum. 4842:; New York: Pantheon. 4628:Zuidervaart, Lambert. 3543: 3339:2 songs with orchestra 3257:Posthumously published 3194:Notes to Literature II 3029: 2946: 2903: 2745:Second Viennese School 2532: 2474:Three Studies of Hegel 2472:Adorno understood his 2260:Otto Friedrich Bollnow 2151:Frankfurter Allgemeine 2026: 1608:Merton College, Oxford 1528:historical materialism 1497:, social psychologist 1450: 1354: 1256: 1161: 1091:Early years: Frankfurt 1003:on the latter's novel 993:Second Viennese School 463:The Work of Art in the 326: 182:Continental philosophy 10449:German male essayists 10409:Exilliteratur writers 10075:The Poverty of Theory 9695:Philosophy of science 9584:Uncertainty principle 9211:Exploitation of women 8639:Philosophy of history 8629:Philosophy of culture 8524:A Conflict of Visions 7304:Philosophy portal 6190:Master–slave morality 5998:Psychoanalytic theory 5017:. London: SAGE, 2004. 4953:Laughey, Dan (2007). 4529:. New York, Pantheon. 4276:Christian Schneider: 3960:Hammer, Espen (2006) 3318:String quartet (1921) 3176:Notes to Literature I 3027: 2941: 2893: 2819:Actual identification 2548:Klassen und Schichten 2315:to give a lecture on 2178:Karlheinz Stockhausen 2164:At the invitation of 2155:Frankfurter Rundschau 2135:Soziologische Exkurse 2038:with its film title, 2021: 1934:' that uncovered the 1731:Franz Leopold Neumann 1441: 1422:twelve-tone technique 1350: 1272:Zeitschrift für Musik 1245: 1159:implicit or explicit. 1156: 1072:history of philosophy 981:twelve-tone technique 755:Philosophy portal 440:Reason and Revolution 405:Eros and Civilization 338:Paradox of aesthetics 10504:Jewish musicologists 10494:Jewish anti-fascists 10459:German music critics 10429:German anti-fascists 10083:The Scientific Image 9754:Structuration theory 9717:Qualitative research 9618:Criticism of science 9613:Critical rationalism 9549:Problem of induction 8644:Political philosophy 8444:Democracy in America 7249:Philosophy of design 7129:In Praise of Shadows 7119:The Critic as Artist 5056:Hohendahl, Peter Uwe 4584:. September 7, 2014. 4296:Gesammelte Schriften 4232:Gesammelte Schriften 4166:Gesammelte Schriften 4152:Schweppenhäuser 2009 3831:, pp. 237, 239. 3206:Hegel: Three Studies 3066:improve this section 2822:Subsumption by label 2579:psychological drives 2478:Gesammelte Schriften 2456:Gesammelte Schriften 2058:newspaper horoscopes 1928:Studies in Prejudice 1898:Frankfurt University 1600:University of Vienna 1152:The Spirit of Utopia 1082:by Helmut Viebrock. 1052:in the tradition of 309:anti-intellectualism 10564:Schoenberg scholars 10509:Jewish philosophers 10479:German sociologists 10059:One-Dimensional Man 9507:Geisteswissenschaft 9490:Confirmation holism 9257:Advanced capitalism 8943:Cult of personality 8857:Advanced capitalism 8484:One-Dimensional Man 7259:Philosophy of music 7234:Mathematical beauty 6010:Speculative realism 5365:Negative Dialectics 5279:Negative Dialectics 5166:"Theodor W. Adorno" 5043:New German Critique 5034:Gerhardt, Christina 5027:Music & Letters 4964:Adorno: A Biography 4908:Negative Dialectics 4791:Theodor W. Adorno, 4766:Theodor W. Adorno, 4630:"Theodor W. Adorno" 3987:Süddeutsche Zeitung 3449:Adorno/Horkheimer, 3237:Negative Dialectics 3152:In Search of Wagner 3002:Negative Dialectics 2787:In Search of Wagner 2667:Ludwig Wittgenstein 2657:as responsible for 2650:Negative Dialectics 2618:Negative Dialectics 2520:commodity fetishism 2482:Negative Dialectics 2322:Iphigenie in Tauris 2288:Negative Dialectics 2269:Negative Dialectics 2227:Negative Dialectics 2108:Notes to Literature 2088:Notes to Literature 1739:monopoly capitalism 1658:about the latter's 1536:false consciousness 1530:, as concepts like 1380:as it emerged from 1237:Frankfurter Zeitung 971:through studies of 941:Negative Dialectics 662:Legitimation crisis 632:Advanced capitalism 433:One-Dimensional Man 426:Negative Dialectics 412:Escape from Freedom 334:Negative dialectics 10559:Sociomusicologists 10399:Critical theorists 10134:Hans-Georg Gadamer 9935:Alexander Bogdanov 9811:Positivismusstreit 9606:Post-behavioralism 9570:history of science 9422:Principal concepts 9378:Logical positivism 9178:Semiotic democracy 9102:Civil disobedience 9014:Media manipulation 9004:Crowd manipulation 8927:Tabloid journalism 8841:Media transparency 8819:Media independence 8733:24-hour news cycle 8604:Cultural pessimism 8599:Cultural criticism 7498:National character 7254:Philosophy of film 7244:Patterns in nature 7214:Applied aesthetics 7189:Why Beauty Matters 6975:Life imitating art 6836:Art for art's sake 6130:Existential crisis 6061:Binary oppositions 5988:Post-structuralism 5237:The Boston Phoenix 5086:Jeffries, Stuart. 4198:Albrecht Wellmer: 3975:Hammer (2006) p.69 3541:(Original German: 3350:Positivism dispute 3315:Piano piece (1921) 3218:Quasi una Fantasia 3030: 2904: 2833:Marxist criticisms 2755:saw Adorno's book 2718:reverse psychology 2681:Adorno criticized 2533:Tauschgesellschaft 2166:Wolfgang Steinecke 2060:(now collected in 1955:National Socialism 1735:National Socialism 1711:Charles Baudelaire 1684:Newark, New Jersey 1501:, and philosopher 1358:Alfred Sohn-Rethel 1294:The Soldier's Tale 1278:and later for the 1189:Siegfried Kracauer 767:Society portal 626:Important concepts 314:Criticism of the " 167:Western philosophy 10519:Marxist theorists 10514:Jewish socialists 10474:German socialists 10329:Theodor W. Adorno 10234: 10233: 10228: 10227: 10215: 10214: 10211: 10210: 10109:Theodor W. Adorno 9925:Richard Avenarius 9801:Werturteilsstreit 9762: 9761: 9710:Sense-data theory 9408:Polish positivism 9383:Positivist school 9290: 9289: 9216:Freedom of speech 9034:Theodor W. Adorno 9022: 9021: 9009:Managing the news 8829:Freedom of speech 8809:Media development 8773:News broadcasting 8753:Independent media 8738:Alternative media 8685: 8684: 8401: 8400: 7546:Spontaneous order 7536:Social alienation 7385:Cultural heritage 7346:Social philosophy 7312: 7311: 7264:Psychology of art 7139:Art as Experience 6336: 6335: 6270:Linguistic theory 6175:Intersubjectivity 5409: 5408: 5317:Theodor W. Adorno 5215:Theodor W. Adorno 5140:Aesthetic Theory. 5137:Adorno, Theodor. 5038:Adorno and Ethics 5015:Theodor W. Adorno 4890:The Adorno Reader 4856:978-0-394-56475-3 4731:(2), pp. 351–368. 4497:Taruskin, Richard 4434:978-0-199-74753-5 4401:978-0-226-40336-6 4352:Müller-Doohm 2005 4234:, vol. 5, p. 274. 4154:, pp. 30–38. 4109:Müller-Doohm 2005 4097:Müller-Doohm 2005 4083:Siemens, Daniel. 4072:Müller-Doohm 2005 4060:Müller-Doohm 2005 4048:Müller-Doohm 2005 4036:Müller-Doohm 2005 4024:Müller-Doohm 2005 4012:Müller-Doohm 2005 4000:Müller-Doohm 2005 3925:Müller-Doohm 2005 3913:Müller-Doohm 2005 3901:Müller-Doohm 2005 3889:Müller-Doohm 2005 3865:Müller-Doohm 2005 3853:Müller-Doohm 2005 3841:Müller-Doohm 2005 3829:Müller-Doohm 2005 3817:Müller-Doohm 2005 3805:Müller-Doohm 2005 3769:Müller-Doohm 2005 3757:Müller-Doohm 2005 3745:Müller-Doohm 2005 3733:Müller-Doohm 2005 3721:Müller-Doohm 2005 3709:Müller-Doohm 2005 3697:Müller-Doohm 2005 3687:, pp. 58–59. 3675:, pp. 66–69. 3649:Müller-Doohm 2005 3585:978-3-11-018202-6 3102: 3101: 3094: 3012:and published by 2816:Vague remembrance 2504:cultural critique 2223:Ingeborg Bachmann 2202:Eduard Steuermann 2157:, and the weekly 2127:Gruppenexperiment 1912:Essays on fascism 1759:Pacific Palisades 1743:Friedrich Pollock 1633:Europäische Revue 1408:, as well as the 1334:Eduard Steuermann 1310:Friedrich Pollock 1228:Hoch Conservatory 997:avant-garde music 985:Arnold Schoenberg 806:Theodor W. Adorno 803: 802: 730:Social alienation 478:Notable theorists 449:the Public Sphere 398:Eclipse of Reason 352: 351: 222:Hans-Jürgen Krahl 218:Doctoral students 204:Academic advisors 64:11 September 1903 32:Theodor W. Adorno 10581: 10529:Phenomenologists 10414:Frankfurt School 10311: 10310: 10309: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10287: 10286: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10242: 10204: 10190: 10114:Gaston Bachelard 10035:Truth and Method 10019:World Hypotheses 9899:The Two Cultures 9814: 9804: 9794: 9779: 9778: 9768: 9767: 9510: 9464:Unity of science 9373:Legal positivism 9332: 9331: 9317: 9310: 9303: 9294: 9293: 9262:Culture industry 9231:Social influence 9184:The Lonely Crowd 9127:Political satire 9092:Call-out culture 9069:Jacques Rancière 9064:Marshall McLuhan 9039:Jean Baudrillard 8983:Viral phenomenon 8917:Public relations 8890: 8889: 8763:Mainstream media 8748:Electronic media 8712: 8705: 8698: 8689: 8688: 8649:Social criticism 8569: 8559: 8549: 8539: 8529: 8519: 8509: 8499: 8489: 8479: 8469: 8459: 8449: 8439: 8429: 8419: 7655: 7654: 7637:Frankfurt School 7615:Communitarianism 7578: 7532: 7518: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7316: 7315: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7194: 7184: 7174: 7164: 7154: 7144: 7134: 7124: 7114: 7104: 7094: 7084: 7074: 7064: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6340: 6339: 5926:Frankfurt School 5449: 5442: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5413: 5412: 5396:Frankfurt School 5373:Aesthetic Theory 5310: 5303: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5255:Internet Archive 5225: 5211: 5179: 5170:Zalta, Edward N. 5160: 5151:"Theodor Adorno" 5020:Edwards, Peter. 4976: 4967: 4958: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4800: 4789: 4783: 4780:Wiggershaus 1995 4777: 4771: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4634:Zalta, Edward N. 4625: 4619: 4618: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4494: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4291: 4285: 4278:Die Wunde Freud. 4274: 4268: 4254: 4248: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4213: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4179: 4173: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3628:"NobelPrize.org" 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3546: 3536:Aesthetic Theory 3521: 3515: 3498: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3460: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3371: 3297:Current of Music 3266:Aesthetic Theory 3097: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3046: 3038: 2989:Aesthetic Theory 2749:Richard Taruskin 2726:cultural studies 2691:culture industry 2673:as positivists. 2535: 2468: 2424:Frankfurt School 2396:Aesthetic Theory 2295:student protests 2292: 2190:Karel Goeyvaerts 2170:Darmstadt school 1747:state capitalist 1700:Current of Music 1641:Dawn and Decline 1289: 1242: 1063:Aesthetic Theory 1019:authoritarianism 1011:Second World War 924:culture industry 884:Frankfurt School 862: 861: 860: 854: 849: 842: 836: 835: 832: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 795: 788: 781: 765: 764: 753: 752: 751: 715:Marxist humanism 652:Culture industry 377: 367:Frankfurt School 354: 353: 329: 316:culture industry 187:Frankfurt School 142: 140: 98: 96: 75: 63: 61: 42: 28: 27: 21:Adorno (surname) 10589: 10588: 10584: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10578: 10569:Webern scholars 10424:German Marxists 10319: 10318: 10317: 10307: 10305: 10301:Classical music 10295: 10293: 10281: 10271: 10269: 10259: 10257: 10247: 10245: 10237: 10235: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10207: 10163: 10129:Paul Feyerabend 10124:Wilhelm Dilthey 10097: 9974: 9913: 9830: 9773: 9758: 9705:Ramsey sentence 9660:Instrumentalism 9589: 9567: 9565:paradigm shifts 9558: 9495:Critical theory 9473: 9469:Verificationism 9417: 9413:Russian Machism 9361: 9326: 9321: 9291: 9286: 9272:Media franchise 9245: 9189: 9151: 9107:Culture jamming 9073: 9059:Walter Lippmann 9018: 8987: 8931: 8881: 8845: 8836:Media pluralism 8797: 8721: 8716: 8686: 8681: 8668: 8594:Critical theory 8572: 8567: 8557: 8547: 8537: 8527: 8517: 8507: 8497: 8487: 8477: 8467: 8457: 8447: 8437: 8427: 8417: 8397: 8075: 8069: 7867: 7861: 7810: 7739: 7646: 7598:Budapest School 7586: 7375:Cosmopolitanism 7348: 7343: 7313: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7273: 7197: 7192: 7182: 7172: 7169:Critical Essays 7162: 7152: 7142: 7132: 7122: 7112: 7102: 7092: 7082: 7072: 7062: 7046: 6819: 6733:Ortega y Gasset 6526: 6438: 6372: 6367: 6337: 6332: 6314: 6305:Postcolonialism 6300:Linguistic turn 6230:Totalitarianism 6195:Oedipus complex 6056:Being in itself 6019: 5931:German idealism 5911:Critical theory 5894: 5810:Ortega y Gasset 5458: 5453: 5418: 5410: 5405: 5391:Critical theory 5379: 5328: 5319: 5314: 5247: 5217:discography at 5209: 5163: 5149: 5134: 5102:Paddison, Max. 5065:Jarvis, Simon. 5046:97 (2006): 1–3. 5011:Delanty, Gerard 4984: 4982:Further reading 4979: 4943: 4941: 4899:Essays on Music 4809: 4804: 4803: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4739: 4735: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4626: 4622: 4615:Essays on Music 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4576:"The Naysayers" 4574: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4495: 4491: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4311: 4292: 4288: 4275: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4216:Jürgen Habermas 4214: 4210: 4197: 4193: 4180: 4176: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4132: 4128: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4082: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 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time of 2284: 2235:Alexander Kluge 2215: 2143: 2050: 2035:Professor Unrat 2004:Leben des Orest 1979:Herbert Marcuse 1971: 1914: 1893: 1888: 1854:with his novel 1840:Charlie Chaplin 1832:totalitarianism 1785:Marquis de Sade 1737:was a form of " 1715:Arcades Project 1691:data collection 1670:Paul Lazarsfeld 1661:Arcades Project 1656:Walter Benjamin 1592: 1517:Arcades Project 1503:Herbert Marcuse 1406:Richard Strauss 1318: 1283: 1240: 1232:Bernhard Sekles 1169:Walter Benjamin 1165:First World War 1109:assimilated Jew 1093: 1088: 1086:Life and career 1040:'s language of 904:Herbert Marcuse 892:Walter Benjamin 877:social theorist 856: 855: 847: 840: 813: 809: 799: 759: 749: 747: 740: 739: 735:Western Marxism 700: 692: 691: 672:Popular culture 647:Critical theory 627: 619: 618: 479: 471: 470: 464: 448: 385: 344: 341:Social totality 301: 294: 248: 238: 236:Jürgen Habermas 224: 210: 199: 195:Western Marxism 190:critical theory 144: 141: 1937) 136: 132: 114:Alma mater 109: 99: 94: 92: 84: 71: 65: 59: 57: 56: 55: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10587: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10316: 10315: 10303: 10291: 10279: 10267: 10255: 10232: 10231: 10226: 10225: 10220: 10217: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10196: 10191: 10182: 10177: 10171: 10169: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10087: 10079: 10071: 10063: 10055: 10047: 10039: 10031: 10023: 10015: 10007: 9999: 9991: 9982: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9950:Émile Durkheim 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9903: 9895: 9887: 9879: 9871: 9863: 9855: 9847: 9838: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9806: 9796: 9791:Methodenstreit 9785: 9783: 9775: 9774: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9732:Social science 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9692: 9687: 9685:Operationalism 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9651: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9597: 9595: 9594:Related topics 9591: 9590: 9588: 9587: 9581: 9574: 9572: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9502: 9500:Falsifiability 9497: 9492: 9487: 9485:Antipositivism 9481: 9479: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9388:Postpositivism 9385: 9380: 9375: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9338: 9336: 9328: 9327: 9320: 9319: 9312: 9305: 9297: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9097:Cancel culture 9094: 9089: 9083: 9081: 9079:Counterculture 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9044:Edward Bernays 9041: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8999:Catch and kill 8995: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8978:Sensationalism 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8939: 8937: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8902: 8896: 8894: 8887: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8867:Bipartisanship 8864: 8862:American Dream 8859: 8853: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8832: 8831: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8722: 8715: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8692: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8654:Social science 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8560: 8550: 8544:Gender Trouble 8540: 8530: 8520: 8510: 8500: 8490: 8480: 8474:The Second Sex 8470: 8460: 8450: 8440: 8430: 8420: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8402: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7659: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7600: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7524: 7519: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7466:Invisible hand 7463: 7458: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7420: 7419: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7342: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7319: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7306: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7239:Neuroesthetics 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7219:Arts criticism 7216: 7211: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7185: 7175: 7165: 7155: 7145: 7135: 7125: 7115: 7105: 7095: 7089:On the Sublime 7085: 7075: 7065: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6960: 6955: 6953:Interpretation 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6853: 6848: 6846:Artistic merit 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6495:Psychoanalysis 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6225:Self-deception 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6073: 6071:Class struggle 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6036:Always already 6033: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5993:Psychoanalysis 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5968:Non-philosophy 5965: 5963:Neo-Kantianism 5960: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5921:Existentialism 5918: 5916:Deconstruction 5913: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5369: 5361: 5357:Minima Moralia 5353: 5345: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5313: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5272:Minima Moralia 5257: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5226: 5212: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5180: 5161: 5147: 5133: 5132:External links 5130: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5118:Scruton, Roger 5115: 5100: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5031: 5018: 5008: 4995: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4950: 4930: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4784: 4782:, p. 242. 4772: 4759: 4747:rezensionen.ch 4733: 4710: 4697: 4685: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4620: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4581:The New Yorker 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4527:The Jazz Scene 4518: 4505: 4489: 4476: 4464: 4462:, p. 280. 4452: 4440: 4433: 4419:Scruton, Roger 4407: 4400: 4380: 4378:, p. 167. 4368: 4356: 4354:, p. 590. 4344: 4335: 4322: 4309: 4286: 4269: 4249: 4236: 4224: 4208: 4191: 4174: 4156: 4144: 4126: 4120:Lorenz Jäger: 4113: 4111:, p. 475. 4101: 4099:, p. 464. 4089: 4076: 4074:, p. 463. 4064: 4062:, p. 458. 4052: 4050:, p. 451. 4040: 4038:, p. 397. 4028: 4026:, p. 362. 4016: 4014:, p. 343. 4004: 4002:, p. 338. 3992: 3977: 3968: 3953: 3938: 3929: 3927:, p. 332. 3917: 3915:, p. 316. 3905: 3903:, p. 293. 3893: 3891:, p. 275. 3881: 3879:, p. 116. 3869: 3867:, p. 262. 3857: 3855:, p. 249. 3845: 3843:, p. 247. 3833: 3821: 3819:, p. 178. 3809: 3807:, p. 175. 3797: 3785: 3773: 3771:, p. 129. 3761: 3759:, p. 123. 3749: 3747:, p. 118. 3737: 3735:, p. 105. 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3663:, p. 212. 3653: 3641: 3619: 3591: 3584: 3562: 3549: 3516: 3493: 3478: 3455: 3442: 3417: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3141: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3118:Max Horkheimer 3109: 3100: 3099: 3050: 3048: 3041: 3032:Main article: 3021: 3018: 2950: 2947: 2918:egalitarianism 2908: 2905: 2880: 2877: 2855: 2852: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2808: 2805: 2678: 2675: 2641:Max Horkheimer 2629:disenchantment 2597: 2594: 2567:Psychoanalysis 2563: 2560: 2489: 2486: 2451: 2448: 2444:Achilles' heel 2419: 2416: 2390: 2387: 2376:Sturmabteilung 2366:Springer Press 2304:Benno Ohnesorg 2300:emergency laws 2283: 2280: 2214: 2211: 2142: 2139: 2092:Samuel Beckett 2079:The Black Swan 2049: 2046: 2041:The Blue Angel 2017:Minima Moralia 2009:Peter Suhrkamp 1991:René Leibowitz 1970: 1967: 1913: 1910: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1886:Postwar Europe 1884: 1857:Doktor Faustus 1792:Nevitt Sanford 1674:Richard Wagner 1645:Minima Moralia 1591: 1588: 1338:Rudolf Kolisch 1317: 1314: 1306:Hans Cornelius 1299:Edmund Husserl 1197:Bertolt Brecht 1173:Max Horkheimer 1121:US citizenship 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1068:Samuel Beckett 1006:Doctor Faustus 953:existentialism 935:Minima Moralia 920:modern society 896:Max Horkheimer 801: 800: 798: 797: 790: 783: 775: 772: 771: 770: 769: 757: 742: 741: 738: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 710:Freudo-Marxism 707: 701: 699:Related topics 698: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 687:Psychoanalysis 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 637:Antipositivism 634: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 459: 452: 443: 436: 429: 422: 419:Minima Moralia 415: 408: 401: 394: 386: 383: 382: 379: 378: 370: 369: 363: 362: 350: 349: 346: 345: 343: 342: 339: 336: 331: 319: 312: 304: 302: 299: 296: 295: 293: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 265:Psychoanalysis 262: 257: 251: 249: 247:Main interests 246: 243: 242: 233: 229: 228: 226:Alfred Schmidt 219: 215: 214: 208:Hans Cornelius 205: 201: 200: 198: 197: 192: 184: 178: 176: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 146: 145: 134: 128: 127: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 100: 97:(aged 65) 90: 86: 85: 66: 53: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10586: 10575: 10574:Berg scholars 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10292: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10278: 10268: 10266: 10256: 10254: 10244: 10243: 10240: 10223: 10218: 10203: 10202: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10144:György Lukács 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10092: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10048: 10045: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10036: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9970:Vienna Circle 9968: 9966: 9965:Berlin Circle 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9945:Eugen Dühring 9943: 9941: 9940:Auguste Comte 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9916: 9909: 9908: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9848: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9835:Contributions 9833: 9826: 9823: 9820: 9817: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9803: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9765: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9749:Structuralism 9747: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9690:Phenomenalism 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9601:Behavioralism 9599: 9598: 9596: 9592: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9529:Human science 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9454:Pseudoscience 9452: 9450: 9449:Justification 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9318: 9313: 9311: 9306: 9304: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9173:Mediatization 9171: 9169: 9168:Media studies 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9147:Strike action 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9112:Demonstration 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9025: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8877:Pensée unique 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8800: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8743:Digital media 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8719:Media culture 8713: 8708: 8706: 8701: 8699: 8694: 8693: 8690: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8671: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8659:Social theory 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8486: 8485: 8481: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8456: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8445: 8441: 8436: 8435: 8431: 8426: 8425: 8421: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8313:Radhakrishnan 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8074:20th and 21st 8072: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7866:18th and 19th 7864: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7333: 7328: 7326: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7270: 7269:Theory of art 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7166: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7060: 7059:Hippias Major 7056: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6918:Entertainment 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Art manifesto 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6831:Appropriation 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6723:Merleau-Ponty 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6538:Abhinavagupta 6536: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Postmodernism 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:Media studies 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255:Will to power 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6180:Leap of faith 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6015:Structuralism 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5983:Postmodernism 5981: 5979: 5978:Phenomenology 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5790:Merleau-Ponty 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5421: 5414: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5112:1-871-08281-1 5109: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5079:Jay, Martin. 5078: 5075: 5072:Jay, Martin. 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5030:, 96/2, 2015. 5029: 5028: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4988:Bowie, Andrew 4986: 4985: 4974: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4873: 4872:0-679-72288-2 4869: 4865: 4864:0-415-05306-4 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4848:0-415-05305-6 4845: 4841: 4840:0-679-72288-2 4837: 4833: 4832:0-415-05305-6 4829: 4825: 4824:0-415-05306-4 4821: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4763: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4528: 4522: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4473: 4468: 4461: 4456: 4449: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4384: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4339: 4332: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4188: 4184: 4181:Tilo Wesche: 4178: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4123: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4068: 4061: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4032: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4001: 3996: 3989: 3988: 3981: 3972: 3965: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3942: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3877:Claussen 2008 3873: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3795:, p. 35. 3794: 3789: 3783:, p. 38. 3782: 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3723:, p. 98. 3722: 3717: 3711:, p. 48. 3710: 3705: 3699:, p. 46. 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3674: 3673:Claussen 2008 3669: 3662: 3657: 3651:, p. 28. 3650: 3645: 3629: 3623: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3595: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3514:(6), 669–689. 3513: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3459: 3452: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3366: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304:Musical works 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3182:Sound Figures 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3093: 3085: 3082:February 2021 3075: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3051:This section 3049: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3026: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3010:Wieland Hoban 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2851: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2776: 2775:Luciano Berio 2771: 2770:tunnel vision 2766: 2765:Roger Scruton 2762: 2761:Eric Hobsbawm 2758: 2754: 2753:Charles Rosen 2750: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2687:popular music 2684: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633:György Lukács 2630: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2571:Sigmund Freud 2568: 2562:Sigmund Freud 2559: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508:György Lukács 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2386: 2384: 2379: 2378:) in jeans." 2377: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2362:Rudi Dutschke 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:Hannah Arendt 2332: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2293:publication, 2289: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:Luciano Berio 2191: 2187: 2186:Bruno Maderna 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174:Pierre Boulez 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2147:public figure 2141:Public figure 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131:Betriebsklima 2128: 2124: 2120: 2117:Although the 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030:Heinrich Mann 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1987:Michel Leiris 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:Leo Löwenthal 1969:Public events 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1936:authoritarian 1933: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836:individuality 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 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media 8562: 8552: 8542: 8532: 8522: 8512: 8502: 8492: 8482: 8472: 8462: 8452: 8442: 8432: 8422: 8412: 8082: 7832:Guicciardini 7815:Early modern 7651:Philosophers 7625:Conservatism 7620:Confucianism 7608:Distributism 7541:Social norms 7529:Sittlichkeit 7515:Ressentiment 7461:Institutions 7439:Human nature 7187: 7177: 7167: 7137: 7127: 7107: 7097: 7087: 7077: 7067: 7057: 7004: 6980:Magnificence 6962: 6812: 6778:Schopenhauer 6613:Coomaraswamy 6542: 6531:Philosophers 6519: 6450:Aestheticism 6220:Ressentiment 6105:Death of God 6097: 6091:Postcritique 6051:Authenticity 5941:Hermeneutics 5845:Schopenhauer 5750:Lévi-Strauss 5469: 5463:Philosophers 5371: 5363: 5355: 5347: 5339: 5326:Bibliography 5316: 5278: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5235: 5230: 5173: 5154: 5139: 5121: 5103: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5041: 5025: 5014: 5002: 4991: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4944:November 28, 4942:. 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Retrieved 3603: 3594: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3556: 3552: 3534: 3529: 3519: 3511: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3481: 3468: 3464:Andrew Arato 3458: 3450: 3445: 3436: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3264: 3249: 3243: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3111: 3105: 3088: 3079: 3064:Please help 3052: 3014:Polity Press 3005: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2952: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2913: 2910: 2896:Adorno-Ampel 2882: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2810: 2801: 2794:music critic 2791: 2786: 2783:Slavoj Žižek 2780: 2756: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2729: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2648: 2622: 2617: 2599: 2590:Karen Horney 2583: 2574: 2565: 2555: 2551: 2550:), from his 2547: 2544:Class theory 2542: 2515: 2511: 2493: 2491: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2455: 2453: 2440:Lorenz Jäger 2421: 2412:heart attack 2404: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2369: 2359: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2320: 2309:Péter Szondi 2287: 2285: 2275:Angela Davis 2267: 2263: 2256:Karl Jaspers 2253: 2246: 2239: 2226: 2216: 2205: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2054:Santa Monica 2051: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2002: 1999:Ernst Krenek 1995: 1972: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1927: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1894: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1855: 1848:Hanns Eisler 1823: 1819: 1817: 1813:enemy aliens 1810: 1799: 1789: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1752: 1722: 1714: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1688: 1677: 1659: 1653: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1612:Gilbert Ryle 1596:habilitation 1593: 1568: 1563: 1557: 1547: 1523: 1521: 1510: 1488: 1477: 1461: 1454:Paul Tillich 1451: 1445: 1442: 1437:Ernst Krenek 1434: 1404:, the later 1397: 1393: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1362:habilitation 1355: 1351: 1319: 1292: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1257: 1248: 1246: 1235: 1201: 1185:Georg Simmel 1162: 1157: 1151: 1143: 1133: 1125: 1094: 1061: 1042:authenticity 1031: 1023:antisemitism 1004: 950: 939: 938:(1951), and 933: 927: 881: 873:musicologist 864: 805: 804: 667:Non-identity 483: 454: 445: 438: 431: 424: 417: 410: 403: 396: 389: 311:(actionism) 275:Epistemology 240:Peter Gorsen 212:Gilbert Ryle 95:(1969-08-06) 73:Hesse-Nassau 25: 10339:1969 deaths 10334:1903 births 10180:Objectivity 10149:Karl Popper 10139:Thomas Kuhn 10119:Mario Bunge 9870:(1879–1884) 9805:(1909–1959) 9539:Metaphysics 9519:Historicism 9434:Demarcation 9429:Consilience 9352:Rationalism 9156:In academia 9142:Review bomb 8963:Media event 8900:Advertising 8872:Consumerism 8793:State media 8619:Historicism 8448:(1835–1840) 8414:De Officiis 8138:de Beauvoir 8108:Baudrillard 8060:Vivekananda 8050:Tocqueville 7965:Kierkegaard 7781:Ibn Khaldun 7751:Alpharabius 7642:Personalism 7551:Stewardship 7508:Reification 7503:Natural law 7424:Familialism 7390:Culturalism 7073:(c. 335 BC) 7063:(c. 390 BC) 7042:Work of art 6995:Picturesque 6851:Avant-garde 6808:Winckelmann 6683:Kierkegaard 6608:Collingwood 6578:Baudrillard 6505:Romanticism 6475:Historicism 6409:Mathematics 6295:Film theory 6205:Ontopoetics 6110:Death drive 6086:Ideological 6005:Romanticism 5936:Hegelianism 5710:Kierkegaard 5570:Castoriadis 5530:de Beauvoir 5515:Baudrillard 5282:at efn.org. 5210:(in German) 5004:Numéro Cinq 4666:Adorno 1990 4472:Adorno 2002 4376:Adorno 2003 4318:Vorlesungen 4263:. In: id.: 4168:. Vol. 13: 3793:Adorno 2000 3781:Adorno 2000 3685:Adorno 1992 3661:Adorno 1992 3612:October 22, 3608:(in German) 2671:Karl Popper 2663:metaphysics 2659:technocracy 2610:primitivism 2586:Erich Fromm 2524:reification 2463: [ 2389:Later years 2331:alternative 2243:Karl Popper 2123:Sociologica 2119:Zeitschrift 2074:Thomas Mann 1949:(1959) and 1852:Thomas Mann 1755:Thomas Mann 1707:Zeitschrift 1696:Zeitschrift 1637:Zeitschrift 1629:Zeitschrift 1532:reification 1499:Erich Fromm 1458:Kierkegaard 1378:unconscious 1303:neo-Kantian 1284: [ 1268:Kierkegaard 1181:Max Scheler 1148:Ernst Bloch 1034:Karl Popper 1001:Thomas Mann 973:Kierkegaard 961:dialectical 900:Erich Fromm 888:Ernst Bloch 869:philosopher 725:Reification 720:Recognition 604:Sohn-Rethel 549:Kirchheimer 384:Major works 10323:Categories 10277:Psychology 10265:Philosophy 9960:Ernst Mach 9955:Ernst Laas 9930:A. J. Ayer 9918:Proponents 9737:Philosophy 9534:Humanities 9478:Antitheses 9347:Empiricism 9324:Positivism 9221:Media bias 9122:Occupation 9054:Guy Debord 8936:Techniques 8905:Propaganda 8802:Principles 8778:News media 8758:Mass media 8624:Humanities 8584:Agnotology 8243:Kołakowski 7806:Ibn Tufayl 7786:Maimonides 7730:Thucydides 7725:Tertullian 7680:Lactantius 7575:Volksgeist 7556:Traditions 7370:Convention 7012:Recreation 6990:Perception 6883:Creativity 6583:Baumgarten 6573:Baudelaire 6455:Classicism 6370:Aesthetics 6250:Wertkritik 6155:Hauntology 6120:Difference 6115:Différance 5855:Sloterdijk 5725:Kołakowski 5229:Review of 4364:Durão 2008 4257:Martin Jay 3485:Gary Day, 3382:(2): 151. 3356:References 2655:positivism 2588:and later 2219:Paul Celan 2182:Luigi Nono 1963:Jean Améry 1906:Max Frisch 1844:Fritz Lang 1828:emigration 1554:Mark Twain 1424:'s use of 1414:Stravinsky 1342:Karl Kraus 1330:Schoenberg 1322:Alban Berg 1208:Stravinsky 1076:aesthetics 1058:Karl Kraus 1027:propaganda 989:Alban Berg 969:empiricism 957:positivism 529:Horkheimer 327:Mündigkeit 285:Mass media 280:Musicology 270:Aesthetics 60:1903-09-11 10253:Biography 10201:Verstehen 10187:Phronesis 10175:Knowledge 10159:Max Weber 9979:Criticism 9727:Sociology 9665:Modernism 9643:pluralism 9628:anarchism 9524:Historism 9444:Induction 9357:Scientism 9201:Anonymity 8910:Fake news 8886:Deception 8783:Old media 8768:New media 8664:Sociology 8614:Historism 8323:Santayana 8293:Oakeshott 8263:MacIntyre 8248:Kropotkin 8223:Heidegger 8076:centuries 7990:Nietzsche 7955:Jefferson 7940:Helvétius 7905:Condorcet 7868:centuries 7852:Montaigne 7675:Confucius 7665:Augustine 7582:Worldview 7476:Modernity 7449:Formation 7017:Reverence 6923:Eroticism 6893:Depiction 6866:Masculine 6768:Santayana 6728:Nietzsche 6673:Hutcheson 6663:Heidegger 6648:Greenberg 6603:Coleridge 6568:Balthasar 6553:Aristotle 6515:Theosophy 6510:Symbolism 6485:Modernism 6470:Formalism 6285:Semiotics 6280:Semantics 6265:Discourse 6145:Genealogy 6135:Facticity 5906:Absurdism 5835:Schelling 5805:Nietzsche 5680:Heidegger 5495:Bachelard 5480:Althusser 5007:magazine. 4724:Sociology 4485:Discourse 4304:890842414 4202:In: id.: 3966:, pp.56–7 3474:modernist 3432:Humanitas 3412:144076949 3396:1930-322X 3361:Citations 3053:does not 2960:Heidegger 2797:Alex Ross 2722:Auschwitz 2625:Max Weber 2488:Karl Marx 2032:'s novel 2001:'s opera 1575:Reichstag 1552:based on 1549:Singspiel 1426:atonality 1418:Hindemith 1386:Nietzsche 1224:Hindemith 1193:Margarete 1177:Max Weber 1136:Gymnasium 1129:Beethoven 1113:converted 1097:Frankfurt 1054:Nietzsche 1038:Heidegger 682:Privatism 657:Dialectic 564:Löwenthal 554:Kompridis 260:Sociology 68:Frankfurt 10222:Category 9638:nihilism 9633:idealism 9563:Related 9439:Evidence 9250:Synonyms 9241:Violence 9117:Graffiti 8850:Ideology 8677:Category 8589:Axiology 8577:See also 8368:Voegelin 8358:Spengler 8333:Shariati 8288:Nussbaum 8273:Maritain 8233:Irigaray 8213:Habermas 8178:Foucault 8163:Durkheim 8065:Voltaire 8030:de Staël 8005:Rousseau 7930:Franklin 7791:Muhammad 7776:Gelasius 7761:Avempace 7744:Medieval 7720:Polybius 7715:Plutarch 7481:Morality 7456:Ideology 7444:Identity 7353:Concepts 7292:Category 7224:Axiology 7093:(c. 500) 7083:(c. 100) 6958:Judgment 6913:Emotions 6908:Elegance 6888:Cuteness 6861:Feminine 6824:Concepts 6793:Tanizaki 6773:Schiller 6758:Richards 6748:Rancière 6718:Maritain 6653:Hanslick 6593:Benjamin 6465:Feminism 6434:Theology 6414:Medieval 6404:Japanese 6399:Internet 6323:Category 6165:Ideology 6081:Immanent 6076:Critique 6031:Alterity 6024:Concepts 5899:Theories 5885:Williams 5860:Spengler 5815:Rancière 5745:Lefebvre 5730:Kristeva 5695:Irigaray 5690:Ingarden 5670:Habermas 5660:Guattari 5645:Foucault 5620:Eagleton 5565:Cassirer 5545:Bourdieu 5540:Blanchot 5525:Benjamin 5510:Bataille 5036:(ed.). " 4421:(2010). 4137:(2009). 3945:Adorno, 3404:40647345 3344:See also 2992:and the 2885:Bourdieu 2708:and the 2606:Mondrian 2538:ideology 2371:Die Zeit 2343:Writings 2159:Die Zeit 2129:(1955), 2112:Habermas 1959:mindsets 1783:and the 1727:Colombes 1579:swastika 1540:ideology 1507:Benjamin 1466:Idealism 1446:a priori 1430:tonality 1402:Pfitzner 1390:Spengler 1204:Schreker 1111:who had 1101:Catholic 1050:polemics 965:ontology 946:New Left 932:(1947), 574:McCarthy 559:Kuhlmann 544:Kracauer 519:Habermas 509:Grünberg 494:Benjamin 359:a series 357:Part of 322:Maturity 10313:Germany 10289:Society 10239:Portals 10102:Critics 9827:(1990s) 9821:(1980s) 9815:(1960s) 9795:(1890s) 9648:realism 9580:(1830s) 9568:in the 9226:Privacy 9132:Protest 9087:Boycott 8953:Framing 8418:(44 BC) 8348:Sombart 8343:Skinner 8328:Scruton 8308:Polanyi 8283:Niebuhr 8268:Marcuse 8203:Gramsci 8198:Gentile 8158:Du Bois 8148:Deleuze 8118:Benoist 8088:Agamben 8045:Thoreau 8035:Stirner 8025:Spencer 7975:Le Play 7925:Fourier 7910:Emerson 7895:Carlyle 7880:Bentham 7857:Müntzer 7827:Erasmus 7801:Plethon 7796:Photios 7756:Aquinas 7690:Mencius 7658:Ancient 7591:Schools 7471:Loyalty 7429:History 7417:Counter 7412:Culture 7380:Customs 7287:Outline 7202:Related 7069:Poetics 7037:Tragedy 7027:Sublime 7000:Quality 6985:Mimesis 6943:Harmony 6928:Fashion 6903:Ecstasy 6898:Disgust 6814:more... 6783:Scruton 6708:Lyotard 6643:Goodman 6623:Deleuze 6558:Aquinas 6548:Alberti 6521:more... 6500:Realism 6480:Marxism 6460:Fascism 6443:Schools 6429:Science 6384:Ancient 6150:Habitus 6066:Boredom 5956:Freudo- 5951:Western 5946:Marxism 5870:Strauss 5840:Schmitt 5780:Marcuse 5770:Lyotard 5760:Luhmann 5755:Levinas 5705:Jaspers 5700:Jameson 5685:Husserl 5665:Gramsci 5655:Gentile 5650:Gadamer 5610:Dilthey 5605:Derrida 5600:Deleuze 5535:Bergson 5505:Barthes 5475:Agamben 5384:Related 5253:at the 5219:Discogs 5172:(ed.). 4807:Sources 4636:(ed.). 3951:, ch.17 3525:concord 3120:, 1944) 3074:removed 3059:sources 2698:Anbruch 2602:Picasso 2492:Marx's 2408:Zermatt 2347:Letters 2084:Akzente 1957:in the 1780:Odyssey 1616:Husserl 1598:to the 1569:As the 1562:titled 1398:Anbruch 1326:Wozzeck 1105:Corsica 991:of the 977:Husserl 863:; 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