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be blinded and spend the rest of his life as a monk. With
Michael V dealt with, Theodora refused to leave Hagia Sophia until she had received a formal invitation from Zoë, some 24 hours after they had been crowned. Officially Theodora was the junior empress, and her throne was situated slightly behind Zoë's on all public occasions. In practice she was the driving force behind the joint administration. The sisters administered the empire, focusing on curbing the sale of public offices and on the administration of justice. Although contemporary historian
456:
590:
376:. Otto III died before any marriage could occur. Basil II prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, calculating that such a marriage would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women, Theodora and Zoë were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage. Consequently, Theodora lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial
511:, on 11 June 1042, and the management of the empire reverted to him. Although Theodora and Zoë continued to be recognised as empresses, and although Theodora continued to appear at all official functions, power devolved onto her brother-in-law. Nevertheless, Theodora exerted influence at court, as demonstrated by her ordering the arrest and blinding of
40:
737:(who held considerable authority: This wife (Theodora) and husband (Justinian) consulted together about everything and had their own independent court, where officials, officers and clergy alternated between the Great Palace and the Hiria Palace to report and approve state affairs) and the previous empress regnant
475:, and on 19 April 1042, the people revolted against Michael V in support of not only Zoë, but Theodora as well. Michael V, desperate to keep his throne, initially brought Zoë back from Princes' Island and displayed her to the people, but the population rejected his proposal that he continue to rule alongside Zoë.
494:
and the people demanded that the two sisters should jointly reign. As her first act
Theodora was called upon to deal with Michael V. Zoë, weak and easily manipulated, wanted to pardon and free Michael, but Theodora was far more strict. She initially guaranteed Michael's safety before ordering that he
321:
after Zoë's death in 1050. When
Constantine died, the 74-year-old Theodora returned to the throne despite fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For 16 months she ruled as empress in her own right before succumbing to a sudden illness and dying at 76. She was the last ruler of
482:
Constantine
Cabasilas, went to the monastery at Petrion to convince Theodora to become co-empress. Theodora, accustomed to a life of religious contemplation, rejected their pleas out of hand, and fled to the convent chapel to seek sanctuary. Constantine and his retinue pursued her, forcibly dragged
676:
whose main attraction was that "he was less qualified to rule than he was to be ruled and directed by others". Theodora was unable to speak, but
Paraspondylos decided that she had nodded at an appropriate moment. Hearing of this the Patriarch refused to believe it. Eventually he was persuaded and
671:
When
Theodora was seventy-six, the patriarch Michael Keroularios advocated that Theodora advance a subject to the throne through marriage to her, in order to assure a succession. She refused to consider marriage, no matter how token. She also refused to name an heir to the throne. Theodora became
506:
Although
Theodora and Zoë appeared together at meetings of the Senate or when they gave public audiences, it was soon apparent that their joint reign was under considerable strain. Still jealous of Theodora, Zoë had no desire to administer the empire, but she would not allow Theodora to conduct
393:
to allow
Romanos to marry into the imperial family. Theodora further claimed that since Romanos and she were third cousins, it was too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Theodora's sister. Zoë married Romanos three days before her father died.
518:
Constantine IX's preferential treatment of his mistress in the early part of his reign caused rumours that he was planning to murder
Theodora and Zoë. This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which came dangerously close to actually harming Constantine who was
507:
public business alone. Court factions formed behind each empress. After two months of increasing acrimony between them, Zoë decided to search for a new husband, thereby denying
Theodora the opportunity to increase her influence through her obvious talents for governing. She eventually married
672:
gravely ill with an intestinal disorder in late August 1056. On 31 August her advisors, chaired by Leo Paraspondylos, met to decide whom to recommend to her as a successor. According to Psellus, they selected Michael Bringas, an aged civil servant and former
624:. However, Theodora preempted their plans when, despite her advanced age, she vigorously asserted her right to rule. She came out of retirement and convened the Senate, and the imperial guard proclaimed her "emperor" shortly before Constantine's death.
418:, with its daily religious routines. Still, Zoë persuaded her husband to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora's household, with orders to spy on her. Shortly afterwards, Theodora was accused of plotting to marry the Bulgarian prince
656:
were replaced with minor functionaries. Determined to centralize as much power in her hands as possible, she presided in person in the Senate and heard appeals as supreme judge in civil cases. Her appointment of clerics offended the Patriarch
487:, the people escorted the now furious Theodora and proclaimed her empress with Zoë. They were both crowned at dawn on 21 April. After the ceremony, the mob stormed the palace, forcing Michael V to escape to a monastery.
519:
participating in a religious procession along the streets of Constantinople. The mob was only quieted by the appearance on a balcony of Zoë and Theodora, who reassured the mob they were in no danger of assassination.
442:
of Petrion. During a visit, Zoë compelled her sister to "assume the monastic habit." Theodora remained there for the next 11 years as Zoë managed the empire with her husbands Romanos III and, after his death,
541:
644:
Theodora controlled the nobles and checked numerous abuses. She damaged her reputation, however, with excessive severity toward private enemies and undue employment of such menials as
568:
515:, the powerful administrator who had been the chief minister of Romanos III, the brother of Michael IV, and the uncle of Michael V; he had lived in exile after the fall of Michael V.
357:, "born into the purple"; the appellation for a child born in the capital to a reigning emperor. Her father became co-emperor in 962 and sole emperor upon the death of his brother
385:
Intelligent and possessing a strong and austere character, Theodora defied Constantine—by then, sole emperor—by refusing to marry the man her father had chosen to succeed him,
641:
apparently wanted to proclaim emperor instead, was dismissed and exiled on Theodora's orders, after which she confiscated his estates and banished his supporters from court.
478:
Key members of the court decided that flighty Zoë needed a co-ruler, and backed the people's demand that it should be Theodora. A delegation, headed by the
3689:
608:, leaving Constantine IX to rule alone until his own death on 11 January 1055. As Constantine lay dying, he was persuaded by his councilors, chiefly the
664:
During Theodora's sole ruling period, her coins and seals bear the inscription 'Theodora, δέσποινα (déspoina) and porphyrogenita' and 'Theodora,
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1900:
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on charges of attempted regicide. This treatment of the legitimate heir to the Macedonian dynasty caused a popular uprising in
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3664:
2765:
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2562:
1238:
1214:
1162:
1072:
1026:
841:
811:
781:
272:
2727:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
627:
A purge of senior officials and the leadership of the European military units followed. Nikephoros Proteuon was arrested at
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1907:
275:
from 21 April 1042 to her death on 31 August 1056, and sole ruler from 11 January 1055. She was the last sovereign of the
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2530:
1109:
556:
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and sent to a monastery; Theodora was not punished. In 1031 she was implicated in a similar conspiracy, this time with
3030:
1138:
788:
Tʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀᴀ, daughter of Constantine VIII, 11 Jan. 1055—31 Aug. 1056 (with her sister Zoe, 21 April 1042—11 June 1042).
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2496:
2479:
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632:
419:
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in 1025. His reign as sole emperor lasted less than three years, from 15 December 1025 to 12 November 1028.
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in 1031. A decade later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael IV's nephew and successor,
302:, kept Theodora closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the
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681:. Theodora died a few hours later and with her death, the Macedonian dynasty's 189-year rule ended.
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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With Michael IV's death in December 1041, Zoë adopted Michael's nephew, who was crowned as
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Zoë immediately assumed power and tried to force Theodora back to her monastery, but the
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295:
459:
Miniature with the portraits of Zoë (left), Constantine IX (center) and Theodora (left).
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467:. Although he promised to respect Zoë, he promptly banished her to a monastery on the
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As an eligible imperial princess, Theodora was considered as a possible bride for the
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2001:
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344:
287:
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45:
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39:
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her out and exchanged her monastic clothes for imperial ones. At an assembly at
3565:
3424:
3355:
3298:
3105:
2957:
2901:
2896:
2869:
2819:
2794:
2234:
2198:
2143:
2036:
1959:
1857:
1851:
1783:
1763:
1517:
1477:
1328:
1318:
508:
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472:
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303:
245:
175:
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stated that they conscientiously rectified the abuses of the previous reigns.
3643:
3593:
3538:
3528:
3228:
3192:
3152:
3147:
3045:
2962:
2704:
2664:
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2016:
1824:
1173:
1148:
1104:
317:, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. Theodora seemingly retired to a
2932:
2844:
2449:
2244:
2176:
2171:
2161:
1984:
1846:
1487:
1230:
1189:
1174:"Women Where They Ought Not to Be? Revising the View of the Medieval World"
1082:
628:
593:
484:
547:
Zoë (left), Constantine IX (centre), and Theodora (right) depicted on the
414:
With the accession of Romanos, Theodora prudently retreated back into the
2879:
2313:
2188:
2138:
2063:
1637:
1584:
1527:
730:
648:
as her advisors. Military and court offices were filled by her household
1119:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
600:, with Zoë standing to the right and Constantine IX standing to the left
3100:
2774:
2369:
2284:
2249:
2214:
2126:
2041:
1801:
1794:
1741:
1721:
1666:
1631:
1624:
1569:
1534:
1397:
1345:
830:
Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present
678:
335:
1383:
3157:
3002:
2804:
2116:
2068:
1978:
1965:
1752:
1681:
1654:
1649:
1618:
1564:
1512:
1447:
1442:
614:
John, to ignore the rights of Theodora and to pass the throne to the
439:
378:
827:
Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020).
389:, stating that Romanos was already married—his wife having become a
3313:
3238:
3121:
2987:
2972:
2384:
2166:
2058:
2011:
1971:
1953:
1873:
1808:
1788:
1758:
1731:
1726:
1711:
1701:
1671:
1579:
1574:
1522:
1497:
1492:
1457:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
358:
803:
Satire in the Middle Byzantine Period: The Golden Age of Laughter?
343:
Theodora was the third and youngest daughter of Byzantine Emperor
3268:
3202:
3172:
3055:
3040:
2859:
2318:
2021:
1928:
1841:
1696:
1472:
605:
435:
401:
318:
208:
3162:
3008:
2090:
1947:
1829:
1601:
1467:
773:
Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum
649:
604:
After Zoë's death in 1050, Theodora seems to have retired to a
431:
1154:
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204
372:, in 996. However, she was overlooked in favour of her sister
3065:
2784:
1691:
1462:
1452:
1432:
1437:
1427:
310:, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside Zoë.
912:
616:
390:
290:. After Theodora's father died in 1028, her older sister
339:
depicting Basil II and Constantine VIII holding a cross
766:
688:
826:
259:
661:, who considered this the duty of men, not women.
2764:
1018:Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe
3641:
1133:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
799:
499:claimed the joint reign was a complete failure,
1011:
987:
800:Marciniak, Przemysław; Nilsson, Ingela (2020).
286:Theodora was the youngest daughter of Emperor
2750:
1369:
1098:History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057
3624:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1226:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
44:Depiction of Theodora Porphyrogenita on the
1021:. Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
971:
969:
967:
776:. Vol. 1. Рипол Классик. p. 682.
620:(Duke) of the Byzantine Theme of Bulgaria,
422:and usurp the throne with him. Presian was
3690:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
2757:
2743:
1376:
1362:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
893:
891:
889:
887:
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883:
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879:
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875:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
762:
760:
758:
574:15th-century portrait of Theodora in the
1171:
1103:
964:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
588:
454:
438:. Theodora was forcibly confined in the
396:
329:
3642:
1064:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
872:
850:
755:
450:
271: – 31 August 1056) was
2738:
1357:
1067:. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
924:
31:Empress and Autocratess of the Romans
1157:. London & New York: Routledge.
1100:, William Blackwood & Sons, 1853
1090:
313:After 65 days Zoë married again, to
16:Byzantine empress from 1042 to 1056
13:
1172:Mitchell, Linda Elizabeth (2004).
1130:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1044:
1039:
584:
14:
3731:
1247:
3675:11th-century Byzantine empresses
691:
567:
555:
540:
524:
404:of Theodora, miniature from the
38:
3695:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
3670:11th-century Byzantine emperors
1005:
996:
978:
3680:11th-century empresses regnant
820:
793:
719:
652:, and such able commanders as
1:
3655:1050s in the Byzantine Empire
3650:1040s in the Byzantine Empire
3632:incidates an empress regnant.
1233:: Stanford University Press,
1223:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997),
1205:Norwich, John Julius (1993),
562:Golden seal of Theodora, 1056
325:
265:
168:
3715:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
3665:10th-century Byzantine women
3462:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
748:
64:21 April 1042 – 11 June 1042
7:
3700:Byzantine empresses regnant
684:
349:Helena, daughter of Alypius
294:co-ruled with her husbands
260:
200:Church of the Holy Apostles
10:
3736:
2649:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2600:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2487:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1178:Journal of Women's History
1002:Garland (1999), pp. 165–66
707:List of Byzantine emperors
3619:
3586:
3497:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3215:
3136:
3084:
2998:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2971:
2915:
2773:
2725:
2657:
2622:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2590:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2415:Constantine IX Monomachos
2103:
2000:
1883:
1710:
1548:
1396:
1342:
1333:
1325:
1315:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1261:
1061:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
836:. ABC-CLIO. p. 307.
674:military finance minister
535:of Zoë and Theodora, 1042
249:
229:
219:
207:
194:
181:
164:
160:
149:
141:
126:
116:
108:
98:
88:
78:
68:
60:
55:Byzantine empress regnant
53:
37:
28:
23:
2585:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1263:Theodora Porphyrogenita
1015:, Robert (9 July 2020).
725:Sometimes enumerated as
712:
261:Theodṓra Porphyrogénnētē
3415:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3021:Flavia Julia Constantia
2440:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2074:Tiberius II Constantine
1116:Encyclopædia Britannica
699:Byzantine Empire portal
677:Bringas was crowned as
631:and forcibly tonsured.
242:Theodora Porphyrogenita
24:Theodora Porphyrogenita
2938:Marcia Otacilia Severa
2595:Michael IX Palaiologos
1190:10.1353/jowh.2004.0031
806:. Brill. p. 386.
601:
460:
411:
340:
283:for almost 200 years.
250:Θεοδώρα Πορφυρογέννητη
3502:Theodora Palaiologina
3472:Anna Komnene Angelina
3410:Catherine of Bulgaria
3341:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
2810:Agrippina the Younger
2689:Thessalonian emperors
2683:Trapezuntine emperors
2644:John VIII Palaiologos
2639:Manuel II Palaiologos
2610:John VI Kantakouzenos
2526:Andronikos I Komnenos
2363:Constantine Lekapenos
1391:and empresses regnant
1207:Byzantium: The Apogee
768:Warwick William Wroth
668:and porphyrogenita'.
611:logothetes tou dromou
592:
458:
400:
333:
322:the Macedonian line.
288:Constantine VIII
3573:Sophia of Montferrat
3492:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3351:Theophano Martinakia
3259:Theodora of Khazaria
2892:Julia Cornelia Paula
2855:Faustina the Younger
2627:John VII Palaiologos
2575:Theodore II Laskaris
2435:Constantine X Doukas
2375:Nikephoros II Phokas
633:Nikephoros Bryennios
428:Constantine Diogenes
382:(women's quarters).
128:Byzantine co-empress
3551:Keratsa of Bulgaria
3534:Helena Kantakouzene
3514:Irene of Montferrat
3477:Philippa of Armenia
3457:Margaret of Hungary
3309:Theophano of Athens
3128:Julius Nepos's wife
2943:Herennia Etruscilla
2766:Roman and Byzantine
2558:Theodore I Laskaris
2543:Alexios III Angelos
2521:Alexios II Komnenos
2445:Romanos IV Diogenes
2400:Romanos III Argyros
2346:Romanos I Lekapenos
1209:, London: Penguin,
832:[3 volumes]
659:Michael Keroularios
635:, whom the western
622:Nikephoros Proteuon
596:mosaic of a seated
451:Co-empress with Zoë
315:Constantine IX
3705:Macedonian dynasty
3578:Maria of Trebizond
3544:Irene Palaiologina
3524:Irene of Brunswick
3482:Maria of Courtenay
3442:Bertha of Sulzbach
2850:Faustina the Elder
2825:Statilia Messalina
2677:Britannic emperors
2671:Palmyrene emperors
2605:John V Palaiologos
2548:Alexios IV Angelos
2497:Constantine Doukas
2492:Alexios I Komnenos
2480:Constantine Doukas
2463:Michael VII Doukas
2425:Michael VI Bringas
1991:Romulus Augustulus
1614:Trebonianus Gallus
1607:Herennius Etruscus
1389:Byzantine emperors
1268:Macedonian dynasty
1125:Kazhdan, Alexander
920:Zoe Porphyrogenita
602:
598:Christ Pantocrator
577:Mutinensis gr. 122
461:
412:
366:Holy Roman Emperor
341:
277:Macedonian dynasty
3637:
3636:
3606:Byzantine emperor
3435:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3211:
3210:
3015:Valeria Maximilla
2953:Cornelia Salonina
2907:Sallustia Orbiana
2732:
2731:
2570:John III Vatatzes
2516:Manuel I Komnenos
2255:Michael I Rangabe
2099:
2098:
1941:Petronius Maximus
1540:Severus Alexander
1508:Septimius Severus
1352:
1351:
1343:Succeeded by
1336:Byzantine Empress
1316:Succeeded by
1304:Byzantine Empress
1240:978-0-8047-2630-6
1216:978-0-14-011448-5
1164:978-0-415-14688-3
1091:Secondary sources
1074:978-3-11-002285-8
1028:978-1-108-49067-2
984:Norwich 276, 279.
975:Treadgold (1997).
843:978-1-4408-4693-9
813:978-90-04-44256-6
783:978-5-87507-066-2
646:Leo Paraspondylos
279:, that ruled the
273:Byzantine Empress
258:
239:
238:
102:11 January 1055 –
3727:
3710:Porphyrogennetoi
3556:Irene Gattilusio
3467:Eudokia Angelina
3447:Maria of Antioch
3430:Irene of Hungary
3366:Zoe Karbonopsina
3346:Eudokia Ingerina
3219:Byzantine Empire
3082:
3081:
2927:Caecilia Paulina
2885:Fulvia Plautilla
2875:Manlia Scantilla
2865:Bruttia Crispina
2800:Milonia Caesonia
2759:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2580:John IV Laskaris
2553:Alexios V Doukas
2538:Isaac II Angelos
2504:John II Komnenos
2430:Isaac I Komnenos
2390:Constantine VIII
2380:John I Tzimiskes
2107:Byzantine Empire
1881:
1880:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1326:Preceded by
1294:Preceded by
1284:
1277:
1259:
1258:
1254:Theodora coinage
1243:
1219:
1201:
1168:
1144:
1120:
1112:
1110:"Theodora"
1086:
1033:
1032:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
962:
959:
922:
916:
910:
907:
870:
867:
848:
847:
824:
818:
817:
797:
791:
790:
764:
742:
723:
701:
696:
695:
694:
571:
559:
549:Monomachus Crown
544:
528:
469:Princes' Islands
407:Madrid Skylitzes
345:Constantine VIII
296:Romanos III
281:Byzantine Empire
270:
267:
263:
253:
251:
224:Constantine VIII
202:, Constantinople
188:
173:
170:
46:Monomachos Crown
42:
21:
20:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3615:
3582:
3519:Rita of Armenia
3507:Anna of Hungary
3487:Irene Laskarina
3452:Agnes of France
3420:Maria of Alania
3371:Helena Lekapene
3221:
3218:
3207:
3140:
3132:
3116:Marcia Euphemia
3111:Licinia Eudoxia
3088:
3080:
3071:Aelia Flaccilla
2993:Galeria Valeria
2975:
2967:
2948:Cornelia Supera
2919:
2911:
2840:Pompeia Plotina
2835:Domitia Longina
2830:Galeria Fundana
2815:Claudia Octavia
2790:Livia Orestilla
2777:
2769:
2763:
2733:
2728:
2721:
2665:Gallic emperors
2653:
2341:Constantine VII
2122:Constantine III
2109:
2106:
2095:
2004:
1996:
1935:Valentinian III
1923:Constantius III
1917:Priscus Attalus
1901:Constantine III
1887:
1879:
1769:Valerius Valens
1714:
1706:
1552:
1544:
1503:Didius Julianus
1483:Marcus Aurelius
1400:
1392:
1382:
1348:
1339:
1331:
1321:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1241:
1222:
1217:
1204:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1123:
1096:George Finlay,
1093:
1075:
1060:
1051:Michael Psellus
1047:
1045:Primary sources
1042:
1040:General sources
1037:
1036:
1029:
1013:Robert Bartlett
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:Finlay, pg. 503
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
965:
960:
925:
917:
913:
908:
873:
868:
851:
844:
825:
821:
814:
798:
794:
784:
765:
756:
751:
746:
745:
724:
720:
715:
697:
692:
690:
687:
587:
585:Return to power
580:
572:
563:
560:
551:
545:
536:
529:
513:John the Eunuch
497:Michael Psellus
453:
410:, 12th century.
387:Romanos Argyros
328:
300:Michael IV
268:
203:
189:
186:
185:31 August 1056
174:
171:
137:
131:
103:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3635:
3634:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:Anna of Moscow
3558:
3553:
3548:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3427:
3425:Irene Doukaina
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Eudokia Baïana
3358:
3356:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Maria of Amnia
3296:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:Eastern Empire
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Galla Placidia
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:Western Empire
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2958:Ulpia Severina
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:Annia Faustina
2899:
2897:Aquilia Severa
2894:
2889:
2877:
2872:
2870:Flavia Titiana
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Poppaea Sabina
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2795:Lollia Paulina
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2778:27 BC – AD 235
2771:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2624:
2619:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2484:
2460:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2420:Theodora (III)
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2316:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2282:
2270:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Constantine VI
2232:
2227:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2199:Theodosius III
2196:
2191:
2186:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2144:Constantine IV
2141:
2136:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:Eastern Empire
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:Western Empire
1878:
1877:
1870:
1858:Magnus Maximus
1854:
1852:Valentinian II
1849:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1784:Constantius II
1781:
1779:Constantine II
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Antoninus Pius
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1401:27 BC – AD 235
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1332:
1329:Constantine IX
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:Constantine IX
1317:
1314:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:Regnal titles
1286:
1285:
1283:31 August 1056
1265:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1248:External links
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1220:
1215:
1202:
1184:(1): 183–189.
1169:
1163:
1149:Garland, Lynda
1145:
1139:
1127:, ed. (1991).
1121:
1107:, ed. (1911).
1105:Chisholm, Hugh
1101:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1073:
1058:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
963:
923:
911:
871:
849:
842:
819:
812:
792:
782:
753:
752:
750:
747:
744:
743:
717:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
703:
702:
686:
683:
654:Isaac Komnenos
586:
583:
582:
581:
573:
566:
564:
561:
554:
552:
546:
539:
537:
530:
523:
509:Constantine IX
501:John Scylitzes
473:Constantinople
452:
449:
354:Porphyrogenita
327:
324:
308:Michael V
304:Sea of Marmara
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
198:
196:
192:
191:
190:Constantinople
183:
179:
178:
176:Constantinople
166:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:Constantine IX
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
134:Constantine IX
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
112:Constantine IX
110:
106:
105:
104:31 August 1056
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
83:Constantine IX
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3732:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:Roman emperor
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3561:Helena Dragaš
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3539:Irene Asanina
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3529:Anna of Savoy
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Fabia Eudokia
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Ino Anastasia
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Aelia Eudocia
3151:
3149:
3148:Aelia Eudoxia
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:Marina Severa
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2963:Magnia Urbica
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2724:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:Theodora (II)
2300:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2209:Constantine V
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Anastasius II
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2089:
2086:
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2077:
2075:
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2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Theodosius II
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
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1898:
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1892:
1890:
1886:
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1876:
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1868:
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1866:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Valentinian I
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:Constantine I
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Constantius I
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:0-19-504652-8
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1055:Chronographia
1052:
1049:
1048:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
970:
968:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
921:
915:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
845:
839:
835:
834:
831:
823:
815:
809:
805:
804:
796:
789:
785:
779:
775:
774:
769:
763:
761:
759:
754:
740:
739:Theodora (II)
736:
732:
728:
722:
718:
708:
705:
704:
700:
689:
682:
680:
675:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
639:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
599:
595:
591:
579:
578:
570:
565:
558:
553:
550:
543:
538:
534:
527:
522:
521:
520:
516:
514:
510:
504:
502:
498:
493:
488:
486:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
457:
448:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:
375:
371:
368:in the west,
367:
362:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
338:
337:
332:
323:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
262:
256:
247:
243:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
177:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3564:
3542:
3505:
3433:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3333:
3291:
3283:
3120:
3013:
2933:Tranquillina
2883:
2845:Vibia Sabina
2632:Andronikos V
2630:
2613:
2561:
2529:
2507:
2495:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2454:
2448:
2419:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2322:
2305:
2293:
2276:
2264:
2258:
2245:Nikephoros I
2220:
2219:
2213:
2180:
2177:Justinian II
2172:Tiberius III
2162:Justinian II
2153:
2147:
2130:
2082:
2054:Anastasius I
2045:
1989:
1985:Julius Nepos
1977:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1847:Theodosius I
1834:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1764:Maximinus II
1751:
1653:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1526:
1488:Lucius Verus
1334:
1302:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1231:Stanford, CA
1225:
1206:
1181:
1177:
1153:
1128:
1114:
1097:
1063:
1054:
1017:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
919:
914:
833:
829:
822:
802:
795:
787:
772:
735:Theodora (I)
727:Theodora III
726:
721:
670:
663:
643:
636:
629:Thessalonica
626:
615:
609:
603:
594:Hagia Sophia
575:
532:
517:
505:
489:
485:Hagia Sophia
477:
462:
415:
413:
405:
384:
377:
363:
352:
342:
334:
312:
285:
241:
240:
29:
18:
3685:980s births
3660:1056 deaths
3626:underlining
3198:Constantina
2880:Julia Domna
2691:(1224–1242)
2685:(1204–1461)
2474:Konstantios
2351:Christopher
2324:Constantine
2314:Michael III
2295:Constantine
2278:Constantine
2260:Theophylact
2189:Philippicus
2139:Constans II
2064:Justinian I
1960:Severus III
1908:Constans II
1662:Claudius II
1638:Silbannacus
1585:Gordian III
1560:Maximinus I
1528:Diadumenian
731:Justinian I
156:(1042–1055)
109:Predecessor
69:Predecessor
3644:Categories
3329:Euphrosyne
3101:Thermantia
3061:Constantia
2775:Principate
2468:Andronikos
2456:Nikephoros
2405:Michael IV
2370:Romanos II
2290:Theophilos
2285:Michael II
2266:Staurakios
2250:Staurakios
2222:Nikephoros
2215:Artabasdos
2127:Heraclonas
2084:Theodosius
2042:Basiliscus
1802:Nepotianus
1795:Magnentius
1789:Constans I
1742:Severus II
1722:Diocletian
1667:Quintillus
1632:Aemilianus
1625:Volusianus
1570:Gordian II
1535:Elagabalus
1398:Principate
1346:Michael VI
1340:1055–1056
679:Michael VI
533:histamenon
445:Michael IV
351:. She was
336:Histamenon
326:Early life
269: 980
214:Macedonian
172: 980
121:Michael VI
89:Co-monarch
3381:Theophano
3319:Theodosia
3294:of Athens
3249:Anastasia
3158:Pulcheria
3003:Minervina
2805:Messalina
2768:empresses
2710:Classical
2695:Empresses
2679:(286–296)
2673:(267–273)
2667:(260–274)
2410:Michael V
2336:Alexander
2149:Heraclius
2117:Heraclius
2069:Justin II
1979:Glycerius
1966:Anthemius
1836:Procopius
1774:Martinian
1753:Maxentius
1682:Florianus
1655:Saloninus
1650:Gallienus
1619:Hostilian
1595:Philip II
1565:Gordian I
1513:Caracalla
1448:Vespasian
1443:Vitellius
1297:Michael V
1198:144044065
918:Garland,
749:Citations
480:patrician
465:Michael V
440:monastery
416:gynaeceum
379:gynaeceum
255:romanized
187:(aged 76)
145:1042–1055
117:Successor
99:2nd reign
79:Successor
73:Michael V
61:1st reign
3720:Augustae
3611:Augustae
3587:See also
3404:Theodora
3386:Theodora
3376:Theodora
3335:Theodora
3314:Prokopia
3304:Theodote
3239:Gregoria
3222:610–1453
3217:Eastern/
3183:Theodora
3178:Euphemia
3122:Placidia
3031:Faustina
2988:Eutropia
2973:Dominate
2705:Usurpers
2700:Augustae
2658:See also
2563:Nicholas
2385:Basil II
2182:Tiberius
2167:Leontius
2155:Tiberius
2132:Tiberius
2110:610–1453
2105:Eastern/
2059:Justin I
2012:Arcadius
1972:Olybrius
1954:Majorian
1895:Honorius
1874:Eugenius
1809:Vetranio
1759:Licinius
1732:Galerius
1727:Maximian
1712:Dominate
1702:Numerian
1672:Aurelian
1645:Valerian
1590:Philip I
1580:Balbinus
1575:Pupienus
1523:Macrinus
1498:Pertinax
1493:Commodus
1458:Domitian
1423:Claudius
1418:Caligula
1413:Tiberius
1408:Augustus
1151:(1999).
770:(1908).
733:'s wife
729:, after
685:See also
370:Otto III
359:Basil II
3622:Italics
3279:Eudokia
3269:Tzitzak
3254:Eudokia
3234:Martina
3203:Leontia
3173:Zenonis
3168:Ariadne
3141:395–610
3089:395–480
3056:Domnica
3051:Justina
3041:Charito
3026:Eusebia
2976:284–610
2920:235–285
2860:Lucilla
2715:Eastern
2615:Matthew
2509:Alexios
2357:Stephen
2319:Basil I
2204:Leo III
2079:Maurice
2022:Marcian
2005:395–610
1929:Joannes
1888:395–480
1842:Gratian
1715:284–610
1697:Carinus
1677:Tacitus
1553:235–285
1473:Hadrian
1083:1025783
961:Finlay.
909:Norwich
869:Kazhdan
666:Augusta
650:eunuchs
638:tagmata
606:convent
436:Sirmium
424:blinded
420:Presian
402:Tonsure
319:convent
257::
209:Dynasty
150:Emperor
132:(under
3391:Helena
3324:Thekla
3244:Fausta
3188:Sophia
3163:Verina
3036:Helena
3009:Fausta
2983:Prisca
2917:Crisis
2477:&
2453:&
2360:&
2331:Leo VI
2307:Thekla
2263:&
2230:Leo IV
2152:&
2091:Phocas
2047:Marcus
2032:Leo II
1948:Avitus
1865:Victor
1830:Valens
1820:Jovian
1815:Julian
1687:Probus
1622:&
1602:Decius
1550:Crisis
1468:Trajan
1279:
1237:
1213:
1196:
1161:
1137:
1081:
1071:
1025:
840:
810:
780:
492:Senate
432:Archon
430:, the
234:Helena
230:Mother
220:Father
195:Burial
3292:Irene
3274:Maria
3264:Maria
3096:Maria
3076:Galla
3066:Laeta
2785:Livia
2273:Leo V
2240:Irene
2027:Leo I
1692:Carus
1463:Nerva
1453:Titus
1433:Galba
1385:Roman
1310:with
1281:Died:
1274:Born:
1194:S2CID
713:Notes
531:Gold
246:Greek
142:Reign
3630:bold
3599:list
3563:(w.
3541:(w.
3504:(w.
3432:(w.
3285:Anna
2882:(w.
2629:(w.
2612:(w.
2560:(w.
2531:John
2528:(w.
2506:(w.
2494:(w.
2465:(w.
2447:(w.
2348:(w.
2321:(w.
2304:(w.
2292:(w.
2275:(w.
2257:(w.
2218:(w.
2179:(w.
2146:(w.
2129:(w.
2081:(w.
2044:(w.
2037:Zeno
1904:(w.
1861:(w.
1652:(w.
1616:(w.
1604:(w.
1592:(w.
1525:(w.
1518:Geta
1438:Otho
1428:Nero
1387:and
1308:1042
1235:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1079:OCLC
1069:ISBN
1023:ISBN
838:ISBN
808:ISBN
778:ISBN
617:doux
347:and
298:and
182:Died
165:Born
3397:Zoë
3005:(?)
2929:(?)
2450:Leo
2395:Zoe
1641:(?)
1312:Zoe
1276:984
1186:doi
434:of
391:nun
374:Zoë
292:Zoë
93:Zoe
3646::
2471:,
2354:,
1229:,
1192:.
1182:16
1180:.
1176:.
1113:.
1077:.
1053:,
966:^
926:^
874:^
852:^
786:.
757:^
447:.
266:c.
264:;
252:,
248::
169:c.
136:)
3569:)
3547:)
3510:)
3438:)
2888:)
2758:e
2751:t
2744:v
2635:)
2618:)
2566:)
2534:)
2512:)
2500:)
2483:)
2459:)
2366:)
2327:)
2310:)
2298:)
2281:)
2269:)
2226:)
2185:)
2158:)
2135:)
2087:)
2050:)
1912:)
1869:)
1658:)
1628:)
1610:)
1598:)
1531:)
1377:e
1370:t
1363:v
1200:.
1188::
1167:.
1143:.
1085:.
1057:.
1031:.
846:.
816:.
741:.
244:(
48:.
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