922:
859:
764:
806:
412:
778:
792:
552:
263:
398:
1365:
845:
820:
2500:
1356:, son of the revered founding father, continued as foreign minister. Gottwald became prime minister. Most important, although the communists held only a minority of portfolios, they were able to gain control over such key ministries as information, internal trade, finance and interior (including the police apparatus). Through these ministries, the communists were able to suppress noncommunist opposition, place party members in positions of power, and create a solid basis for a takeover attempt.
66:
168:
25:
1288:—predominated. The Slovak Popular Party was banned as collaborationist with the Nazis. Other conservative yet democratic parties, such as the Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants (RSZML), were prevented from resuming activities in the postwar period. Certain acceptable nonsocialist parties were included in the coalition; among them were the Catholic People's Party (in Moravia) and the Slovak Democratic Party.
1336:, responded favourably to both the KSČ and the Soviet alliance. Communists secured strong representation in the popularly elected national committees, the new organs of local administration. The KSČ organised and centralised the trades union movement; of 120 representatives to the Central Council of Trades Unions, 94 were communists. The party worked to acquire a mass membership, including peasants and the
1465:. The communist-controlled Ministry of Information refused broadcasting time to noncommunist officials. Ministries held by noncommunist parties were secured by communist "action committees." The action committees also purged all governmental and political party organs of unreliable elements. Gottwald threatened to call a general strike unless Beneš appointed a new, Communist-dominated government.
1468:
On 26 February, Beneš, perhaps fearing civil war and/or Soviet intervention, capitulated. He accepted the resignations of the dissident ministers and appointed a new cabinet from a list submitted by
Gottwald. The new cabinet was dominated by Communists and pro-Soviet Social Democrats. Members of the
1457:
The non-Communists believed that Beneš would refuse to accept their resignations and keep them in a caretaker government, which would presumably force
Gottwald to either back down or resign. Beneš initially refused to accept the resignations and declared that no government could be formed without
1449:
A cabinet crisis precipitated the
February coup. Backed by all non-communist parties, the National Social ministers said that the communists were using the Ministry of Interior's police and security forces to suppress non-communists, and demanded a halt to this. Prime Minister Gottwald, however,
1324:
Beneš had compromised with the KSČ to avoid a postwar coup; he naïvely hoped that the democratic process would restore a more equitable distribution of power. Beneš had negotiated the Soviet alliance, but at the same time he hoped to establish
Czechoslovakia as a "bridge" between East and West,
1403:
Upon his return to Prague, the KSČ reversed its decision. In subsequent months, the party demonstrated a significant radicalisation of its tactics. The KSČ argued that a reactionary coup was imminent, and that immediate action was necessary to prevent it. Through media and police means, they
1453:
The twelve noncommunist ministers resigned, in part, to induce Beneš to call for early elections. Communist losses were anticipated owing to popular disapproval of recent KSČ tactics. A January poll indicated a 10-percent decline in
Communist electoral support. Yet the Czechoslovak National
1441:
In
January 1948, the communist-controlled Ministry of Interior proceeded to purge the Czechoslovak security forces, substituting noncommunists with communists. Simultaneously, the KSČ began agitating for increased nationalisation and for a new land reform limiting landholdings to fifty
496:
495:
1352:, the KSČ won in the Czech part of the country (40.17%), while the anti-Communist Democratic Party won in Slovakia (62%). In sum, however, the KSČ won a plurality of 38 percent of the vote at the Czechoslovak level. Beneš continued as president of the republic, and
541:
540:
539:
500:
538:
487:
493:
498:
497:
494:
478:
491:
479:
485:
492:
483:
482:
481:
480:
499:
490:
486:
484:
489:
488:
303:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
537:
1404:
intensified their activity. Originally announced by
Gottwald at the KSČ Central Committee meeting in November 1947, news of the "reactionary plot" was disseminated throughout the country by the communist press.
1209:, and this circumstance dominated any plans or strategies for post-war reconstruction. Consequently, the political and economic organisation of Czechoslovakia became largely a matter of negotiations between
1450:
repeatedly forestalled discussion of the police issue. On 21 February, National
Socialists resigned from the cabinet in protest. The Catholic People's Party and the Slovak Democratic Party followed suit.
2478:
2460:
477:
535:
475:
1469:
People's, National
Socialist and Czech Democratic parties were also included, so the government was still nominally a coalition. However, the ministers using those labels were
536:
1458:
non-Communist ministers. However, in the days that followed, he shunned the non-Communist ministers to avoid accusation of collusion. The
Czechoslovak Army remained neutral.
1412:
476:
3086:
3081:
1133:
1461:
In the meantime, the KSČ garnered its forces. The communist-controlled Ministry of Interior deployed police regiments to sensitive areas and equipped a
2642:
3096:
1726:
306:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1454:
Socialists made their move without adequate coordination with Beneš. The democratic parties, in addition, made no effort to rally popular support.
3032:
3091:
1408:
1517:
2545:
2395:
2299:
1769:
983:
83:
38:
236:
130:
275:
208:
102:
3106:
2108:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1762:
1349:
1332:
The popular enthusiasm evoked by the Soviet armies of liberation benefited the KSČ. Czechs, bitterly disappointed by the West at the
1082:
628:
2585:
2359:
1015:
943:
215:
109:
2575:
1126:
178:
1380:
orientation. The turning point came in the summer of 1947. In July, the Czechoslovak government, with KSČ approval, accepted an
551:
3101:
2454:
1061:
411:
2041:
1197:
After the fall of Nazi Germany, the country was reformed and reassigned coterminous borders as its pre-war predecessor state,
2705:
2334:
1719:
1659:
1633:
1608:
1540:
1462:
222:
116:
2530:
2472:
1867:
1092:
598:
3111:
2570:
2064:
1900:
994:
769:
2430:
1436:
1221:
1036:
717:
204:
98:
2976:
2550:
2275:
2264:
2027:
1329:, however, professed commitment to a "gradualist" approach, that is, to a KSČ assumption of power by democratic means.
1285:
1119:
901:
811:
314:
1473:
working hand in glove with the Communists. This act marked the onset of out-and-out Communist rule in Czechoslovakia.
2006:
1693:
1502:
1202:
362:
149:
52:
3076:
2725:
2401:
1992:
1712:
921:
825:
336:
327:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Czech Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
44:
1340:, as well as the proletariat. Between May 1945 and May 1946, KSČ membership grew from 27,000 to over 1.1 million.
2442:
2436:
2407:
1856:
1270:
1229:
1046:
1005:
838:
783:
2971:
2790:
1946:
417:
193:
87:
2665:
2484:
2101:
1925:
1797:
1419:
defense force. It was the only foreign state to do so. This policy, continued after the declaration of the
1102:
688:
1556:
Lukes, Igor (1993). "Stalin and Beneš at the End of September 1938: New Evidence from the Prague Archives".
397:
2884:
2813:
2612:
2383:
2339:
1885:
1845:
973:
2879:
2697:
2687:
2555:
2540:
2520:
2389:
2365:
2328:
1826:
1198:
953:
229:
123:
2715:
2580:
2565:
1284:
In the National Front coalition three socialist parties—KSČ, Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party, and
1206:
586:
3071:
2778:
2773:
2755:
2750:
2351:
2143:
2135:
2055:
2037:
1755:
1424:
933:
910:
189:
1392:. The Soviet Union responded immediately to the Czechoslovak move to continue the Western alliance:
2906:
2837:
2655:
2625:
2413:
2094:
2051:
1249:. All of the remaining German armed forces also surrendered to the Allies on 8 May 1945. President
322:
2720:
2680:
2258:
1273:
government was formed, based on discussions dating back to 1943, with Beneš remaining president,
76:
2620:
510:
185:
2981:
2963:
2859:
2670:
2371:
1957:
701:
591:
403:
2854:
2800:
2710:
2660:
2535:
2508:
2203:
578:
343:
2943:
2864:
2692:
2675:
2599:
2525:
2232:
1518:"The Košice manifesto – the 1945 document that sealed Czechoslovakia's eastern orientation"
1423:
the following year, would play an important role in the victory of the Jewish state in the
1201:; it likewise restored the predecessor's international recognition. Due to the rise of the
1274:
648:
8:
3004:
2894:
2795:
2739:
2560:
2126:
1913:
1300:
735:
2281:
2270:
1490:
2911:
2760:
2242:
2023:
1972:
1963:
1919:
1581:
1573:
1337:
852:
2220:
1318:
Industries, employing 61.2 percent of the industrial labour force, were nationalised.
3013:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2825:
2630:
2466:
2246:
1704:
1689:
1655:
1629:
1604:
1585:
1536:
1498:
1266:
1071:
318:
1246:
2921:
2637:
2377:
2191:
1565:
1470:
1333:
1326:
1296:
1278:
963:
661:
452:
3018:
2874:
2869:
2847:
2317:
2305:
2287:
2148:
2018:
1985:
1739:
1671:
1420:
1304:
1187:
1179:
1159:
518:
1250:
1210:
617:
2916:
2250:
2153:
1877:
1736:
1364:
1171:
1151:
880:
704:
431:
2036:ČSR; declared a "people's democracy" (without a formal name change) under the
3065:
3047:
3034:
2448:
2323:
2311:
2215:
2047:
1393:
1389:
1308:
1057:
1654:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 213.
2830:
2419:
2293:
2158:
2012:
1820:
1652:
State Succession in Municipal Law and International Law: Internal relations
1312:
1191:
797:
1245:
The Third Republic came into being in April 1945 with the creation of the
2926:
2784:
2225:
1832:
1372:
The year that followed was uneventful. The KSČ continued to proclaim its
1353:
1599:
Kusin, Vladimir V. (1977). "Czechoslovakia". In McCauley, Martin (ed.).
1232:, events of February 1948 are considered the end of the Third Republic.
2186:
2168:
1577:
325:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1299:
on 10 May. Beneš was pressured by the Soviet Union to grant them the
2086:
1569:
1254:
167:
65:
2499:
2163:
2117:
1935:
1262:
1258:
885:
675:
1321:
14 October 1945 saw a new provisional national assembly voted in.
2842:
2208:
2070:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1443:
1416:
1407:
From June of that year, and especially after the outbreak of the
1325:
capable of maintaining contacts with both sides. The KSČ leader
300:
2060:
1397:
1385:
1292:
1214:
568:
2178:
1307:, and a treaty was signed on 29 June 1945 annexing it to the
1220:
In February 1948, the Communist Party seized full power in a
2765:
2196:
1535:(second ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 235–236.
1628:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 151.
1381:
1734:
1190:
from April 1945 to February 1948 following the end of
1388:
invitation to attend preliminary discussions of the
1224:. Despite the country's official name remaining the
296:
1533:
Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century – And After
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1686:A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945-1985
3063:
1623:
333:{{Translated|cs|Třetí Československá republika}}
1624:McHale, Vincent E.; Skowronski, Sharon (1983).
2005:ČSR; boundaries and government established by
1603:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 73–94.
321:accompanying your translation by providing an
287:Click for important translation instructions.
274:expand this article with text translated from
3087:States and territories disestablished in 1948
2102:
1720:
1649:
1497:, Oxford University Press, pp. 161–188,
1127:
1491:"The Failures of Czech Democracy, 1918–1948"
556:Territory of the Third Czechoslovak Republic
508:
194:introducing citations to additional sources
16:Republic in Central Europe from 1945 to 1948
450:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3082:States and territories established in 1945
2109:
2095:
1968:1944 / 1946 – 1991
1727:
1713:
1409:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1213:and the Communist Party members exiled in
1134:
1120:
550:
363:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
3097:1948 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
1530:
1488:
1363:
826:Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia
184:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2021:of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia.
1368:Czechoslovakian passport issued in 1947
1228:until 1960, when it was changed to the
3064:
2455:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1683:
1205:(KSČ), Czechoslovakia fell within the
3092:1945 establishments in Czechoslovakia
2116:
2090:
1708:
1677:
1598:
1555:
2473:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
1868:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
1648:For a discussion of the treaty see
256:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1901:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1601:Communist Power in Europe 1944–1949
770:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
13:
1286:Czechoslovak National Social Party
14:
3123:
1253:flew from his exile in London to
1203:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
34:This article has multiple issues.
3107:1938 disestablishments in Europe
2726:Slovak Government Flying Service
2498:
2402:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
2276:Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
2265:High Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
1668:British and Foreign State Papers
1164:Tretia česko-slovenská republika
1016:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
920:
857:
843:
818:
804:
790:
776:
762:
533:
473:
410:
396:
261:
177:relies largely or entirely on a
166:
64:
23:
2443:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1857:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1666:; for a copy of the treaty see
1230:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1047:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1642:
1617:
1592:
1549:
1524:
1510:
1482:
1261:, which had been taken by the
1156:Třetí Československá republika
331:You may also add the template
1:
3102:1918 establishments in Europe
2586:World Heritage Sites (UNESCO)
1688:. New York: Greenwood Press.
1650:O'Connell, Daniel P. (1967).
1531:Crampton, Richard J. (2002).
1476:
1437:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
1291:The government moved back to
1277:becoming prime minister with
1103:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
432:Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí
205:"Third Czechoslovak Republic"
99:"Third Czechoslovak Republic"
2437:Fourth Czechoslovak Republic
2396:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2384:Second Czechoslovak Republic
2340:Demands of the Slovak Nation
2300:Principality of Transylvania
1411:in November, Czechoslovakia
974:Second Czechoslovak Republic
839:Fourth Czechoslovak Republic
7:
2425:Third Czechoslovak Republic
2390:Autonomous Land of Slovakia
2366:First Czechoslovak Republic
2046:ČSSR; from 1969, after the
1626:Political parties of Europe
1520:. Radio Prague. 4 May 2019.
1199:First Czechoslovak Republic
1148:Third Czechoslovak Republic
1026:Third Czechoslovak Republic
954:First Czechoslovak Republic
10:
3128:
3112:Politics of Czechoslovakia
1434:
1415:to the Palestinian Jewish
1235:
1207:Soviet sphere of influence
718:Communist seizure of power
295:Machine translation, like
2998:
2962:
2902:
2893:
2821:
2812:
2747:
2738:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2516:
2507:
2496:
2461:Slovak Socialist Republic
2350:
2241:
2177:
2134:
2125:
2056:Slovak Socialist Republic
2038:Ninth-of-May Constitution
2034:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1971:
1962:
1941:
1934:
1918:
1911:
1898:
1883:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1804:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
934:Origins of Czechoslovakia
873:
741:
731:
727:
714:
698:
689:Surrender of Nazi Germany
685:
681:
671:
667:
655:
641:
637:
627:
623:
611:
607:
597:
585:
574:
561:
549:
527:Lightning Over the Tatras
442:
426:
392:
387:
377:
276:the corresponding article
2431:Czechoslovak coup d'état
2414:Slovak National Uprising
2052:Czech Socialist Republic
1684:Jessup, John E. (1989).
1184:Československá republika
1176:Československá republika
382:Československá republika
3077:1940s in Czechoslovakia
2335:Slovak National Council
2318:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2259:Principality of Hungary
1489:Connelly, John (2024),
1430:
1359:
1343:
1303:territory as a sort of
1240:
575:Official languages
342:For more guidance, see
2372:Slovak Soviet Republic
2360:Washington Declaration
2179:Medieval Slavic states
1958:Subcarpathian Ruthenia
1943:Southern Slovakia and
1369:
1183:
1175:
1163:
1155:
944:Washington Declaration
592:Parliamentary republic
509:
451:
2408:First Slovak Republic
2204:Principality of Nitra
2007:the 1920 constitution
1564:(1): 28–48, page 34.
1495:When Democracy Breaks
1425:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1396:summoned Gottwald to
1367:
1265:and which became the
1226:Czechoslovak Republic
1168:Czechoslovak Republic
379:Czechoslovak Republic
344:Knowledge:Translation
315:copyright attribution
2233:Balaton Principality
1269:. In Košice the new
1081:
1056:
1035:
1004:
993:
511:Nad Tatrou sa blýska
190:improve this article
84:improve this article
3048:50.0833°N 14.4667°E
3044: /
2576:Traditional regions
2226:Svatopluk the Great
2050:, consisted of the
1995:government-in-exile
1301:Carpathian Ruthenia
1281:as deputy premier.
1093:Federative Republic
995:Bohemia and Moravia
736:Czechoslovak koruna
2791:Telecommunications
2312:Kingdom of Hungary
2243:Kingdom of Hungary
2030:(1939–1945).
2019:autonomous regions
2017:ČSR; included the
1977:1991–present
1973:Zakarpattia Oblast
1964:Zakarpattia Oblast
1947:Carpathian Ukraine
1920:Kingdom of Hungary
1413:began to sell arms
1370:
1338:petite bourgeoisie
1166:), officially the
853:Zakarpattia Oblast
812:Kingdom of Hungary
581:(Czech and Slovak)
323:interlanguage link
3027:
3026:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2808:
2807:
2734:
2733:
2706:Political parties
2698:National Council
2666:Foreign relations
2651:
2650:
2631:Patriarchal cross
2594:
2593:
2494:
2493:
2467:Velvet Revolution
2294:Province of Budin
2247:Habsburg monarchy
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
1978:
1969:
1932:
1907:
1896:
1874:
1863:
1852:
1661:978-0-521-05858-2
1635:978-0-313-23804-8
1610:978-0-333-18365-6
1542:978-1-134-71221-2
1471:fellow travellers
1350:May 1946 election
1275:Zdeněk Fierlinger
1267:temporary capital
1144:
1143:
1111:
1110:
1072:Velvet Revolution
984:German occupation
894:
893:
869:
868:
865:
864:
831:
830:
657:• 1946–1948
649:Zdeněk Fierlinger
643:• 1945–1946
613:• 1945–1948
542:
501:
438:
373:
372:
365:
355:
354:
288:
284:
255:
254:
240:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
3119:
3072:Former republics
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:50.0833; 14.4667
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3007:
2900:
2899:
2885:Remembrance days
2819:
2818:
2769:
2745:
2744:
2701:
2613:National symbols
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2531:Cities and towns
2514:
2513:
2502:
2282:Battle of Mohács
2271:Matthew III Csák
2132:
2131:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2087:
1996:
1976:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1930:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1872:
1861:
1850:
1749:
1748:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1486:
1463:workers' militia
1334:Munich Agreement
1327:Klement Gottwald
1279:Klement Gottwald
1247:Košice Programme
1136:
1129:
1122:
964:Munich Agreement
930:
929:
924:
914:
896:
895:
861:
860:
847:
846:
835:
834:
822:
821:
808:
807:
794:
793:
780:
779:
766:
765:
759:
758:
743:
742:
723:25 February 1948
662:Klement Gottwald
651:
564:and largest city
554:
544:
543:
530:
529:
522:
514:
503:
502:
469:
468:
466:Where my home is
460:
456:
437:"Truth prevails"
436:
414:
400:
375:
374:
368:
361:
334:
328:
301:Google Translate
286:
282:
265:
264:
257:
250:
247:
241:
239:
198:
170:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3010:
3003:
2986:
2958:
2889:
2880:Public holidays
2848:List of Slovaks
2804:
2767:
2730:
2699:
2688:Law enforcement
2647:
2590:
2571:Tourism regions
2556:Protected areas
2503:
2490:
2479:Slovak Republic
2378:Munich Betrayal
2346:
2329:Slovak Uprising
2306:Austrian Empire
2288:Ottoman Hungary
2249:
2245:
2237:
2221:House of Mojmír
2173:
2149:Pannonian Limes
2121:
2115:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2045:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2010:
1994:
1986:Austria-Hungary
1975:
1966:
1945:
1944:
1931:1939–1945
1929:
1926:Slovak Republic
1906:1939–1945
1904:
1895:1938–1939
1893:
1888:
1887:
1873:1990–1992
1871:
1862:1960–1990
1860:
1851:1948–1960
1849:
1846:Fourth Republic
1821:Austrian Empire
1813:
1809:
1791:1989–1992
1784:1948–1989
1777:1945–1948
1770:1938–1945
1763:1918–1938
1742:
1733:
1703:
1696:
1682:
1678:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1597:
1593:
1570:10.2307/2499583
1554:
1550:
1543:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1439:
1433:
1421:State of Israel
1362:
1346:
1243:
1238:
1188:sovereign state
1140:
1083:Post-revolution
1006:Slovak Republic
912:
905:
890:
858:
844:
819:
805:
791:
784:Slovak Republic
777:
763:
720:
710:24 October 1945
707:
702:Admitted to the
691:
658:
647:
644:
614:
565:
557:
545:
534:
531:
525:
524:
523:
516:
507:
504:
474:
464:
463:
458:
435:
422:
421:
420:
415:
407:
406:
401:
383:
380:
369:
358:
357:
356:
351:
350:
349:
332:
326:
289:
266:
262:
251:
245:
242:
199:
197:
183:
171:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2949:Shepherd's axe
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2779:Stock exchange
2776:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Prime Minister
2713:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:National parks
2548:
2546:Municipalities
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2485:Velvet Divorce
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2352:Czechoslovakia
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2251:Ottoman Empire
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Danubian Limes
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120: articles
2114:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2040:following the
2033:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1889: Republic
1881:
1880:
1878:Czech Republic
1875:
1864:
1853:
1842:
1839:Third Republic
1835:
1830:
1827:First Republic
1823:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1676:
1660:
1641:
1634:
1616:
1609:
1591:
1548:
1541:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1432:
1429:
1361:
1358:
1345:
1342:
1305:war reparation
1271:National Front
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1001:
1000:
997:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
970:
969:
966:
960:
959:
956:
950:
949:
946:
940:
939:
936:
926:
925:
917:
916:
913:Czechoslovakia
907:
906:
899:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
881:Czech Republic
877:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
855:
849:
848:
841:
832:
829:
828:
823:
815:
814:
809:
801:
800:
795:
787:
786:
781:
773:
772:
767:
755:
754:
749:
739:
738:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
715:
712:
711:
708:
705:United Nations
699:
696:
695:
692:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
673:
672:Historical era
669:
668:
665:
664:
659:
656:
653:
652:
645:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
629:Prime Minister
625:
624:
621:
620:
615:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
595:
594:
589:
583:
582:
576:
572:
571:
566:
563:
559:
558:
555:
547:
546:
532:
506:
505:
472:
470:
461:
447:
440:
439:
424:
423:
416:
409:
408:
402:
395:
394:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
371:
370:
353:
352:
348:
347:
340:
329:
307:
304:
293:
290:
271:
270:
269:
267:
260:
253:
252:
188:. Please help
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Identity card
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Privatisation
2772:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:Prague Spring
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Upper Hungary
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:Great Moravia
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:Samo's Empire
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:Ukrainian SSR
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Prague Spring
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1997:
1993:Czechoslovak
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1697:
1695:0-313-24308-5
1691:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:Slavic Review
1552:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1504:0-19-776078-3
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:Marshall Plan
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:Ukrainian SSR
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:Prague Spring
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
992:
991:
987:
985:
982:
981:
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
941:
937:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
923:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
903:
898:
897:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:Today part of
872:
856:
854:
851:
850:
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
827:
824:
817:
816:
813:
810:
803:
802:
799:
796:
789:
788:
785:
782:
775:
774:
771:
768:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:
713:
709:
706:
703:
697:
693:
690:
684:
680:
677:
674:
670:
666:
663:
660:
654:
650:
646:
640:
636:
632:
630:
626:
622:
619:
616:
610:
606:
602:
600:
596:
593:
590:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
567:
560:
553:
548:
528:
520:
513:
512:
471:
467:
462:
455:
454:
453:Kde domov můj
449:
448:
445:
441:
434:
433:
429:
425:
419:
413:
405:
399:
391:
386:
376:
367:
364:
345:
341:
338:
330:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
294:
292:
291:
285:
279:
277:
272:You can help
268:
259:
258:
249:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207: –
206:
202:
201:Find sources:
195:
191:
187:
181:
180:
179:single source
175:This article
173:
169:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3029:
2907:Architecture
2838:Demographics
2756:Central bank
2700:(parliament)
2676:Human rights
2656:Constitution
2626:Coat of arms
2424:
2420:Iron Curtain
2331:(1848–1849)
2035:
2013:Nazi Germany
2004:
1956:
1942:
1924:
1912:
1899:
1884:
1866:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1737:Czechoslovak
1735:Timeline of
1685:
1679:
1674:, page 1096.
1667:
1651:
1644:
1625:
1619:
1600:
1594:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1532:
1526:
1512:
1494:
1484:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1406:
1402:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1347:
1331:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:Soviet Union
1290:
1283:
1244:
1225:
1219:
1211:Edvard Beneš
1196:
1192:World War II
1167:
1147:
1145:
1025:
798:Nazi Germany
752:Succeeded by
751:
746:
618:Edvard Beneš
579:Czechoslovak
526:
465:
443:
430:
428:Motto:
427:
418:Coat of arms
359:
319:edit summary
310:
283:(March 2024)
281:
273:
243:
233:
226:
219:
212:
200:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3051: /
2785:Tatra Tiger
2721:Referendums
2526:Carpathians
2481:(1990–1992)
2475:(1990–1992)
2463:(1969–1990)
2445:(1960–1990)
2439:(1948–1960)
2427:(1945–1948)
2410:(1939–1945)
2404:(1939–1945)
2398:(1938–1945)
2392:(1938–1939)
2386:(1938–1939)
2368:(1918–1938)
2320:(1867–1918)
2314:(1526–1867)
2308:(1804–1867)
2302:(1570–1711)
2296:(1541–1686)
2290:(1541–1699)
2278:(1301–1526)
2267:(1000–1301)
2011:Annexed by
1833:Sudetenland
1798:1993–
1672:volume cxlv
1354:Jan Masaryk
1257:in eastern
1222:coup d'état
1037:Coup d'état
911:History of
747:Preceded by
3066:Categories
3039:14°28′00″E
3036:50°05′00″N
2982:Television
2972:Newspapers
2934:Literature
2860:Healthcare
2768:(currency)
2671:Government
2261:(895–1000)
2187:West Slavs
2169:Celemantia
2159:Laugaricio
2069:Oblast of
2054:(ČSR) and
1477:References
1435:See also:
1378:democratic
1297:liberation
1295:after its
694:8 May 1945
587:Government
246:April 2020
216:newspapers
140:April 2020
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2855:Education
2801:Transport
2711:President
2661:Elections
2536:Districts
2509:Geography
2136:Roman era
2042:1948 coup
1740:statehood
1586:163953051
1186:), was a
1097:1990–1992
1087:1989–1992
1051:1948–1989
1030:1945–1948
1020:1939–1945
1010:1939–1945
999:1939–1945
988:1938–1945
978:1938–1939
958:1918–1938
599:President
388:1945–1948
337:talk page
186:talk page
45:talk page
3014:Category
2944:Religion
2875:Passport
2870:Language
2693:Military
2600:Politics
2581:Wildlife
2164:Gerulata
2144:Pannonia
2118:Slovakia
1936:Slovakia
1914:Slovakia
1756:Pre-1918
1444:hectares
1374:national
1263:Red Army
1259:Slovakia
1062:Invasion
902:a series
900:Part of
886:Slovakia
732:Currency
676:Cold War
313:provide
278:in Czech
3005:Outline
2917:Cuisine
2895:Culture
2843:Slovaks
2814:Society
2796:Tourism
2740:Economy
2561:Regions
2541:Islands
2521:Castles
2209:Pribina
2127:History
2071:Ukraine
2063:of the
2028:Hungary
2024:Annexed
1815:Silesia
1811:Moravia
1807:Bohemia
1578:2499583
1417:Haganah
1348:In the
1311:of the
1236:History
716:•
700:•
687:•
562:Capital
459:(Czech)
444:Anthem:
335:to the
317:in the
280:.
230:scholar
124:scholar
3019:Portal
2912:Cinema
2761:Energy
2621:Anthem
2566:Rivers
2487:(1992)
2469:(1989)
2457:(1968)
2451:(1968)
2433:(1948)
2416:(1944)
2380:(1938)
2374:(1919)
2362:(1918)
2284:(1526)
2061:Oblast
2058:(SSR).
1886:Second
1692:
1658:
1632:
1607:
1584:
1576:
1539:
1501:
1398:Moscow
1394:Stalin
1386:French
1293:Prague
1255:Košice
1215:Moscow
1180:Slovak
1160:Slovak
904:on the
633:
603:
569:Prague
519:Slovak
515:
457:
446:
232:
225:
218:
211:
203:
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2977:Radio
2964:Media
2954:Sport
2939:Music
2831:Mafia
2826:Crime
2766:Euro
2751:Banks
1582:S2CID
1574:JSTOR
1382:Anglo
1251:Beneš
1172:Czech
1152:Czech
297:DeepL
237:JSTOR
223:books
131:JSTOR
117:books
2927:Wine
2922:Beer
2681:LGBT
2643:Seal
2638:Flag
2197:Samo
1690:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1431:1948
1376:and
1360:1947
1344:1946
1241:1945
1146:The
1107:1992
1076:1989
1066:1968
1041:1948
968:1938
948:1918
938:1918
404:Flag
311:must
309:You
209:news
103:news
2026:by
1566:doi
299:or
192:by
86:by
3068::
1670:,
1580:.
1572:.
1562:52
1560:.
1493:,
1446:.
1427:.
1400:.
1315:.
1217:.
1194:.
1182::
1178:;
1174::
1162::
1158:;
1154::
48:.
2787:"
2783:"
2110:e
2103:t
2096:v
2073:.
2067:.
2044:.
2015:.
2009:.
1728:e
1721:t
1714:v
1698:.
1664:.
1638:.
1613:.
1588:.
1568::
1545:.
1384:-
1170:(
1150:(
1135:e
1128:t
1121:v
1060:/
521:)
517:(
366:)
360:(
346:.
339:.
248:)
244:(
234:·
227:·
220:·
213:·
196:.
182:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
