1427:
1439:
53:
1685:
consequences. According to figures given by
Deutscher, the peasants opposed forced collectivisation by slaughtering 18 million horses, 30 million cattle, about 45 per cent of the total, and 100 million sheep and goats, about two thirds of the total. Those who engaged in these behaviours, deemed Kulaks, were dealt with harshly; in December 1929, Stalin issued a call to "liquidate the Kulaks as a class". A distinction was made between
1451:
1668:
in agriculture and democratisation of the Party. Threatened by the growing power and revolt from the countryside led by the Kulaks and the strengthening bourgeoisie, the
Fifteenth Congress of the All-Union Communist Party passed resolutions that supported for some of the planks of the Opposition's
1618:. The Third Period, in contrast, saw a sharp turn against these tactics in favour of "class against class" (1928–34); here communist parties actively rejected collaboration with social democrats, attacking them as "social fascists" or, in Stalin's own formulation, "the moderate wing of fascism".
1596:
was pushed onto the defensive. In foreseeing a "Third Period", Bukharin sketched out the weaknesses inherent in capitalism which would lead to renewed class conflict. Principal among these, he argued, was a struggle for markets which would lead to intense pressures to reduce costs of production.
1517:
and saw the revolutionary upsurge and defeat of the working class, as well as a "Second Period" of capitalist consolidation for most of the decade of the 1920s. According to the
Comintern's analysis, the current phase of world economy from 1928 onward, the "Third Period", was to be a time of
1684:
calls "the great change", the policies of industrialisation and collectivisation were carried out in a ruthless and brutal way, via the use of the security and military forces, without the direct involvement of the working class and peasantry itself and without seeming regard for the social
1720:), or be evicted from their houses and sent to work in labour colonies in their own district. There is debate amongst historians as to whether the actions of the Kulaks and their supporters helped lead to famine, or whether the policy of collectivisation itself was responsible. (See
1759:
The formal institution of the Third Period occurred at the 9th Plenum of the
Executive Committee of the Communist International (E.C.C.I.) in February 1928. This helped in dovetailing the "Left" of the All-Union Communist party with that of the Comintern itself.
1827:. Another distinguishing feature of this policy was that Communists fought against their rivals on the left as vehemently as their opponents on the right of the political spectrum, with special viciousness directed at real or imaginary followers of
1680:". The Communist party had publicly proposed collectivisation to be voluntary; however, official policy was almost always ignored in practice; threats and false promises were used to motivate peasants into joining the communes. Eventually, in what
1601:
as well as longer shifts and wage-cuts, driving wages down and unemployment up. The consequent lowering of living standards amongst the working class would lead to the intensification of class struggles and greater support for communism.
1870:
and John Manley have penned local histories that portray
Communist Party members as effective activists, heroic in many cases because their revolutionary zeal helped them confront extremely adverse circumstances. Despite the shadow of
1806:
Although shortcomings and crippling ideological vacillations brought this Period to an end, the tone of the "Third Period" resonated powerfully with the mood of many militant workers of the time, especially following the
1563:
in 1933 and the annihilation of the organized communist movement there shocked the
Comintern into reassessing the tactics of the Third Period. From 1934, new alliances began to be formed under the aegis of the
1878:
Critics of this perspective argue that these histories gloss over or ignore both the horrors of
Stalinism and also the devastating consequences of the Third Period inasmuch as it facilitated the rise of
1854:. Hitler's rise to power, consequently, was also a reason for the abandonment of the policy in favor of the Popular Front strategy because Germany became the biggest security threat to the Soviet Union.
1605:
These periodic distinctions were important to the
Comintern's work because they entailed different tactics on the part of communist parties outside the USSR. The "Second Period" was characterised by the
1638:(NEP). However, in the cities, industry had become undercapitalized, and prices were rising. In the countryside, moreover, the NEP had resulted in an enrichment of certain privileged sections of the
1771:. As part of this theory, because the Comintern felt that conditions were strong enough, it demanded that its political positions within the workers' movement be consolidated and that all "
1592:
was that after the "First Period" of revolutionary upsurge in 1917 and the following years, a "Second Period" had followed in which capitalism stabilised itself and the international
793:
634:
2302:
McIlroy, John; Alan
Campbell (Spring 2002). ""Nina Ponomareva's Hats": The New Revisionism, the Communist International, and the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920-1930".
788:
783:
778:
1966:
Kozlov, Nicholas N.; Weitz, Eric D. (1989). "Reflections on the
Origins of the 'Third Period': Bukharin, the Comintern, and the Political Economy of Weimar Germany".
1748:'s Sixth Congress viewed capitalism as entering a final death agony, its "third period of existence" where the first had been capitalism during its rise prior to
1481:
1660:
These events were leading to growing economic and political instability. The towns were being threatened with a "chronic danger of famine" in 1928-1929. The
129:
2348:
Nicholas N. Kozlov, Eric D. Weitz "Reflections on the Origins of the 'Third Period': Bukharin, the Comintern, and the Political Economy of Weimar Germany"
1401:
1585:
1506:(Comintern) at its Sixth World Congress, held in Moscow in the summer of 1928. It set policy until reversed when the Nazis took over Germany in 1933.
1222:
1320:
1664:
had opposed the continued marketization of agriculture through the NEP, and, since 1924, had repeatedly called for investment in industry, some
1242:
1823:
One notable development in this period was that Communists organized the unemployed into a political force, despite their distance from the
1122:
1085:
773:
156:
1875:, in this perspective, the important positive contributions Communist organizers made in working class history should not be discounted.
709:
704:
699:
694:
1474:
641:
1197:
903:
1117:
1569:
1396:
1045:
629:
298:
1552:
control rather than continuation of the previous policy of attempting to radicalize existing unions by "boring from within".
1467:
1327:
805:
726:
661:
176:
2077:
Haro, Lea (2011). "Entering a Theoretical Void: The Theory of Social Fascism and Stalinism in the German Communist Party".
1247:
1075:
1040:
980:
721:
666:
651:
1627:
1303:
1227:
1202:
1100:
1080:
1669:
platform, and on paper, the Congress' views appeared very left, politically. However, the Left Opposition was expelled.
1851:
1055:
1050:
1035:
1000:
898:
1540:
and political organizations espousing it as an impediment to the movement's revolutionary objectives. In the field of
2226:
1334:
1095:
1070:
1065:
943:
931:
104:
1700:
has estimated that there could have been as many as five million deaths. Kulaks could be shot or imprisoned by the
1137:
1060:
918:
1614:
parties to defend the wages, jobs and rights of working-class people and build the political basis for the future
1615:
1513:, which posited the division of recent history into three periods. These included a "First Period" that followed
1280:
1132:
1105:
1090:
953:
220:
1147:
995:
985:
908:
870:
646:
1692:
and the killing of the individuals themselves; nevertheless, at least 530,000 to 600,000 deaths resulted from
1127:
1015:
913:
87:
67:
36:
2282:"Canadian Communists, Revolutionary Unionism, and the "Third Period": The Workers' Unity League, 1929-1935"
1721:
1673:
1313:
1192:
1142:
835:
768:
166:
141:
2152:
2113:
2010:
1701:
1568:". The Popular Front policy was formalized as the official policy of the world communist movement by the
1217:
1010:
689:
356:
235:
2160:
1847:
1634:; prior to this Congress, the faction of the Party led by Stalin had supported the continuation of the
1344:
1252:
1237:
1207:
1020:
746:
1883:
and alienated the working class writ large from the left because of its sectarianism and adventurism.
2037:
1815:, local Communist Parties' membership and influence grew as a result of the "Third Period" policies.
963:
536:
2387:
1898:
1892:
1522:
radicalization. This economic and political discord would again make the time ripe for proletarian
1187:
958:
656:
258:
186:
82:
2165:
1745:
1503:
1182:
1177:
1172:
845:
671:
624:
119:
19:
This article is about the communist ideological concept. For the third period of ice hockey, see
2239:
1934:"Left Turn: A Reassessment of the Communist Party of Great Britain in the Third Period, 1928-33"
1808:
1677:
1212:
431:
346:
201:
376:
1232:
855:
491:
109:
99:
401:
1737:
1580:
Although the term "Third Period" is closely associated with Stalin, it was first coined by
926:
850:
820:
551:
191:
52:
44:
516:
8:
1824:
1812:
1635:
1349:
1339:
875:
860:
601:
561:
268:
151:
526:
2382:
2327:
2319:
2269:
2094:
1991:
1983:
880:
840:
716:
441:
94:
2238:
This section is adopted in part from a public domain article by David Walters for the
416:
2331:
2222:
2098:
1995:
1800:
830:
736:
521:
466:
386:
366:
283:
196:
136:
114:
1933:
341:
2311:
2289:
2261:
2086:
2052:
1975:
1945:
1862:
Historians of the left have debated the contribution made by Communist activism in
1832:
1776:
1768:
1767:
upheaval was afoot and all its sections had to prepare for the immediate advent of
1741:
1665:
1611:
1588:
to describe the conditions for further revolutions outside Russia. The view of the
1455:
1431:
1386:
810:
591:
571:
426:
421:
406:
77:
72:
24:
2161:"A Sharp Turn: "The Five Year Plan in Four Years" and "Complete Collectivization""
1536:
Communist policies during the Third Period were marked by pronounced hostility to
2090:
1752:, and the second was the short period after the crushing of the post-World War I
1709:
1697:
1681:
1661:
1549:
1509:
The Comintern's theory was based on its economic and political analysis of world
1443:
1411:
1391:
753:
451:
411:
396:
391:
213:
208:
171:
146:
2358:
Kevin McDermott, "Stalin and the Comintern during the 'Third Period', 1928-33."
2252:
Roediger, David; Kelley, Robin D. G. (March 1992). "Where Communism was Black".
1918:
Kevin McDermott, "Stalin and the Comintern during the 'Third Period', 1928-33."
1775:" elements be purged. Accordingly, attacks and expulsions were launched against
1610:" policy (1923–28) within which communist parties strove to work together with
511:
1979:
1836:
1693:
1631:
1544:, a move was made during the Third Period towards the establishment of radical
1530:
1406:
1359:
1308:
546:
531:
481:
446:
361:
351:
326:
181:
2376:
2367:
In Search of Revolution: International Communist Parties in the Third Period.
1863:
1795:
proponents. The All-Union Communist Party also encouraged armed rebellion in
1565:
1519:
865:
606:
581:
541:
506:
456:
331:
288:
240:
161:
1949:
1704:, have their property confiscated before being sent into internal exile (in
486:
2156:
1880:
1867:
1828:
1792:
1784:
1654:
1607:
1541:
1381:
1030:
970:
763:
741:
566:
476:
381:
1788:
1772:
1749:
1593:
1545:
1514:
1499:
1374:
1364:
1025:
1005:
825:
815:
731:
586:
496:
471:
436:
371:
230:
2323:
1438:
2273:
2056:
1780:
1764:
1753:
1717:
1686:
1556:
1523:
1510:
1285:
1270:
800:
596:
556:
336:
20:
2353:
1987:
2315:
2294:
2281:
1872:
1725:
1598:
1589:
1537:
1527:
1369:
1354:
501:
303:
263:
2265:
2219:
The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine
2011:"The International Situation and the Tasks of the Communist Parties"
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1275:
758:
576:
278:
273:
1705:
1646:
1643:
1560:
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1112:
461:
308:
1835:
were targeted by Communist polemics, in which they were dubbed "
1843:
1731:
1650:
1639:
293:
1450:
1796:
1713:
938:
990:
975:
948:
124:
1811:
and the ensuing crises of the 1930s. In many countries,
1842:
Trotskyists have blamed Stalin's line for the rise of
2301:
2153:"Questions of Socialist Construction in the U.S.S.R"
1787:
where the local CP had majority support, as well as
1756:when capitalism seemed again to have stabilised.
2374:
2352:, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul., 1989), pp. 387–410
1575:
1526:if militant policies were rigidly maintained by
1740:was coming to a head with the beginning of the
2286:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
2251:
2038:"Imperialism and the Communist International"
1818:
1475:
1243:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
23:. For third period of chemical elements, see
1866:during the Third Period. Some authors like
1732:Impact on communist parties outside the USSR
1965:
1672:The new policies of industrialisation and
1482:
1468:
642:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
2293:
2035:
1961:
1959:
1198:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
2114:"Concerning the International Situation"
1846:because it precluded unity between the
1763:To the Comintern, a decisive and final
1570:Seventh World Congress of the Comintern
1223:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
2375:
2279:
1956:
1931:
1584:in 1926, at the Seventh Plenum of the
1518:widespread economic collapse and mass
1304:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
630:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
299:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1621:
806:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
727:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
662:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
130:Intensification of the class struggle
2076:
1248:Sandinista National Liberation Front
722:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
2151:Stalin's proposals were set out in
1676:now adopted were given the slogan "
1203:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
2342:
2111:
2008:
1402:State ideology of the Soviet Union
635:The History of the Communist Party
14:
2399:
1938:Twentieth Century British History
1335:Criticism of communist party rule
667:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
105:Commanding heights of the economy
1857:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1228:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
652:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
637:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
51:
2350:Journal of Contemporary History
2245:
2232:
2211:
2198:
2185:
2172:
1968:Journal of Contemporary History
1616:dictatorship of the proletariat
1597:These reductions would involve
221:Theory of the productive forces
2145:
2132:
2105:
2070:
2029:
2002:
1925:
1912:
1687:the elimination of the Kulaks
647:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1:
1576:Political and theoretic basis
88:Soviet-type economic planning
68:Administrative-command system
16:Communist ideological concept
2369:New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
2182:, pp. 296ff, Penguin, (1966)
2091:10.1080/03017605.2011.621248
2045:Journal of Labor and Society
1905:
1722:Collectivisation in the USSR
1193:Communist Party of Kampuchea
836:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
167:Proletarian internationalism
7:
2242:'s Encyclopedia of Marxism.
2221:. Oxford University Press.
2079:Journal of Socialist Theory
1886:
1813:including the United States
1218:Indochinese Communist Party
236:Wars of national liberation
10:
2404:
2360:European history quarterly
1980:10.1177/002200948902400301
1920:European history quarterly
1809:Stock Market Crash of 1929
1533:, the Comintern believed.
1345:Marxist schools of thought
1238:Party of Labour of Albania
1208:Communist Party of Vietnam
18:
2288:. New Series 5: 167–191.
2240:Marxists Internet Archive
2159:'s version is set out in
2142:, p. 322, Penguin, (1966)
1628:All-Union Communist Party
1932:Worley, Matthew (2000).
1899:Trade Union Unity League
1188:Communist Party of India
187:Socialism in one country
142:Marxist–Leninist atheism
2217:Robert Conquest (1986)
2195:, p324, Penguin, (1966)
2166:The Revolution Betrayed
1852:German Social Democrats
1746:Communist International
1696:from 1929 to 1933, and
1504:Communist International
1502:concept adopted by the
1397:State ideology of China
1323:under communist regimes
1321:Crimes against humanity
1281:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1253:Workers' Party of Korea
1183:Communist Party of Cuba
1178:Chinese Communist Party
846:Portuguese Colonial War
672:The Governance of China
625:Foundations of Leninism
172:Protracted people's war
120:Dialectical materialism
2365:Matthew Worley (ed.),
2036:Petersson, F. (2017).
1678:socialist accumulation
1626:In December 1927, the
1213:French Communist Party
1123:Bosnia and Herzegovina
432:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
347:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
2362:25.3 (1995): 409-429.
2280:Manley, John (1994).
1950:10.1093/tcbh/11.4.353
1922:25.3 (1995): 409-429.
1893:Workers' Unity League
1657:of prices for grain.
1233:Nepal Communist Party
856:Nicaraguan Revolution
492:Mengistu Haile Mariam
110:Democratic centralism
100:Collective leadership
1738:crisis of capitalism
1456:Socialism portal
1432:Communism portal
851:Black power movement
821:Non-Aligned Movement
192:Socialist patriotism
1825:means of production
1636:New Economic Policy
1630:held its Fifteenth
1444:Politics portal
1350:National Bolshevism
1340:Cult of personality
876:Revolutions of 1989
871:Naxalite insurgency
861:Cultural Revolution
747:Great Patriotic War
602:Wojciech Jaruzelski
562:Nur Muhammad Taraki
269:Ho Chi Minh Thought
2254:American Quarterly
2191:Deutscher, Isaac,
2178:Deutscher, Isaac,
2138:Deutscher, Isaac,
2057:10.1111/wusa.12277
1868:Robin D. G. Kelley
1622:Impact on the USSR
881:Nepalese Civil War
841:Great Leap Forward
769:Chinese Revolution
442:Kaysone Phomvihane
157:People's democracy
95:Collective farming
2304:Labour/Le Travail
1848:German communists
1803:, and elsewhere.
1744:in 1929, and the
1736:In the West, the
1612:social democratic
1492:
1491:
831:Sino-Soviet split
737:Spanish Civil War
657:Guerrilla Warfare
619:Theoretical works
537:Władysław Gomułka
517:Nicolae Ceaușescu
467:Nikos Zachariadis
387:Nikita Khrushchev
367:Palmiro Togliatti
137:Labor aristocracy
115:Dialectical logic
2395:
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2335:
2316:10.2307/25149217
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2295:10.7202/031078ar
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2024:
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2006:
2000:
1999:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1833:Social Democrats
1819:"Social fascism"
1777:social democrats
1769:world revolution
1742:Great Depression
1674:collectivisation
1666:collectivization
1555:The rise of the
1531:vanguard parties
1484:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1387:State capitalism
811:De-Stalinization
592:Gennady Zyuganov
572:Rohana Wijeweera
427:Klement Gottwald
422:Valko Chervenkov
407:Lazar Kaganovich
83:Central planning
78:Anti-revisionism
73:Anti-imperialism
55:
45:Marxism–Leninism
32:
31:
25:Period 3 element
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2388:Linear theories
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2343:Further reading
2340:
2339:
2266:10.2307/2713184
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2003:
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1957:
1930:
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1913:
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1901:(United States)
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1837:social fascists
1821:
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1698:Robert Conquest
1682:Issac Deutscher
1662:Left Opposition
1624:
1578:
1550:communist party
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1424:
1417:
1416:
1412:Totalitarianism
1392:State socialism
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754:Greek Civil War
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611:
552:Mathieu Kérékou
452:Leonid Brezhnev
417:Bolesław Bierut
412:Georgi Dimitrov
397:Josip Broz Tito
392:Walter Ulbricht
322:
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246:
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147:One-party state
132:under socialism
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63:
28:
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5:
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2260:(1): 123–128.
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2085:(4): 563–582.
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2001:
1974:(3): 387–410.
1955:
1944:(4): 353–378.
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1309:Anti-communism
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1265:Related topics
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954:Czechoslovakia
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584:
579:
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547:Thomas Sankara
544:
539:
534:
532:Erich Honecker
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
482:Agostinho Neto
479:
474:
469:
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447:Khalid Bakdash
444:
439:
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429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
377:Võ Nguyên Giáp
374:
369:
364:
362:Maurice Thorez
359:
354:
352:Ehmetjan Qasim
349:
344:
342:Ernst Thälmann
339:
334:
329:
327:Vladimir Lenin
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
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223:
218:
217:
216:
206:
205:
204:
199:
189:
184:
182:Social fascism
179:
177:Self-criticism
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
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139:
134:
127:
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117:
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40:
15:
9:
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2235:
2228:
2227:0-19-505180-7
2224:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2204:Hildermeier,
2201:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2119:
2115:
2112:Stalin, J.V.
2108:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2016:
2012:
2009:Stalin, J.V.
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1874:
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1864:North America
1858:North America
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
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1834:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
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1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:labour unions
1782:
1779:and moderate
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:revolutionary
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
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1670:
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1663:
1658:
1656:
1653:) because of
1652:
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1613:
1609:
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1600:
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1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:Popular Front
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:working class
1516:
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1497:
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1473:
1471:
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1356:
1353:
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1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:Mass killings
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1314:Mass killings
1312:
1311:
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1307:
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1191:
1189:
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1162:Organizations
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1126:
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866:Prague Spring
864:
862:
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832:
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631:
628:
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623:
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616:
615:
608:
607:Todor Zhivkov
605:
603:
600:
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588:
585:
583:
582:Harry Pollitt
580:
578:
575:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:Samora Machel
540:
538:
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528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Hardial Bains
505:
503:
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495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
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463:
460:
458:
457:Deng Xiaoping
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
402:Mátyás Rákosi
400:
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395:
393:
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388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
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368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Joseph Stalin
330:
328:
325:
324:
318:
317:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Khrushchevism
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
241:Unified power
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
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212:
211:
210:
207:
203:
200:
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194:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Popular front
160:
158:
155:
153:
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145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
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108:
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101:
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59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2366:
2359:
2349:
2307:
2303:
2285:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2234:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2164:
2157:Leon Trotsky
2147:
2139:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:marxists.org
2117:
2107:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2051:(1): 23–42.
2048:
2044:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:marxists.org
2014:
2004:
1971:
1967:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1877:
1861:
1841:
1829:Leon Trotsky
1822:
1805:
1793:united front
1762:
1758:
1735:
1688:
1671:
1659:
1655:deregulation
1625:
1608:united front
1604:
1579:
1559:to power in
1554:
1542:trade unions
1535:
1508:
1496:Third Period
1495:
1493:
1382:Second World
1096:Turkmenistan
1031:Soviet Union
971:East Germany
794:2002–present
764:Eastern Bloc
742:World War II
690:Soviet Union
567:Alfonso Cano
522:Gustáv Husák
512:SanzĹŤ Nosaka
477:Fidel Castro
382:Earl Browder
226:Third Period
225:
29:
2310:(49): 147.
2120:. Bolshevik
1789:Trotskyists
1773:reactionary
1754:revolutions
1750:World War I
1594:proletariat
1546:dual unions
1515:World War I
1500:ideological
1365:Red fascism
1026:South Yemen
1006:North Korea
899:Afghanistan
826:Vietnam War
816:Warsaw Pact
732:Great Purge
717:Great Break
587:Harpal Brar
527:János Kádár
497:Kim Il Sung
472:Che Guevara
437:Enver Hoxha
372:Ho Chi Minh
231:Vanguardism
152:Partiinost'
2377:Categories
2208:, p. 38 f.
1781:socialists
1718:Kazakhstan
1689:as a class
1557:Nazi Party
1524:revolution
1511:capitalism
1286:Trotskyism
1271:Bolshevism
1138:Montenegro
1118:Yugoslavia
1106:Uzbekistan
1091:Tajikistan
1066:Kyrgyzstan
1061:Kazakhstan
1041:Azerbaijan
1001:Mozambique
893:By country
801:Korean War
597:Xi Jinping
557:Siad Barre
487:LĂşcio Lara
337:Mao Zedong
21:ice hockey
2383:Comintern
2332:142809743
2099:146848013
1996:144906375
1906:Footnotes
1873:Stalinism
1850:with the
1726:Holodomor
1710:the North
1647:peasantry
1644:Ukrainian
1599:Taylorism
1590:Comintern
1572:in 1935.
1538:reformism
1528:communist
1370:Red Scare
1355:New class
1173:Comintern
1133:Macedonia
1076:Lithuania
923:Cambodia
789:1989–2002
784:1976–1989
779:1949–1976
710:1982–1991
705:1964–1982
700:1953–1964
695:1927–1953
502:Chin Peng
357:JosĂ© DĂaz
304:Stalinism
264:Guevarism
259:Castroism
214:Socialist
2324:25149217
2155:, 1928.
2124:24 March
2062:24 March
2021:24 March
2017:. Pravda
1895:(Canada)
1887:See also
1582:Bukharin
1298:See also
1276:Leninism
1148:Slovenia
1046:Byelarus
996:Mongolia
976:Ethiopia
964:Slovakia
919:Bulgaria
759:Cold War
577:Gus Hall
284:Kádárism
279:Husakism
274:Hoxhaism
253:Variants
202:Yugoslav
62:Concepts
37:a series
35:Part of
2274:2713184
1801:Germany
1783:within
1706:Siberia
1640:Russian
1561:Germany
1168:Comecon
1128:Croatia
1113:Vietnam
1101:Ukraine
1081:Moldova
1056:Georgia
1051:Estonia
1036:Armenia
1021:Somalia
1016:Romania
986:Hungary
981:Grenada
959:Czechia
932:1979–92
927:1975–79
904:Albania
684:History
462:Pol Pot
309:Titoism
2330:
2322:
2272:
2225:
2193:Stalin
2180:Stalin
2140:Stalin
2097:
1994:
1988:260667
1986:
1881:Hitler
1844:Nazism
1712:, the
1651:Kulaks
1548:under
1498:is an
1375:Second
1143:Serbia
1086:Russia
1071:Latvia
1011:Poland
909:Angola
321:People
294:Maoism
197:Soviet
2354:JSTOR
2328:S2CID
2320:JSTOR
2270:JSTOR
2095:S2CID
2041:(PDF)
1992:S2CID
1984:JSTOR
1797:China
1716:, or
1714:Urals
1649:(the
944:Congo
939:China
914:Benin
774:China
209:State
2223:ISBN
2169:1936
2126:2019
2064:2019
2023:2019
1791:and
1642:and
1586:ECCI
1494:The
991:Laos
949:Cuba
125:Foco
2312:doi
2290:doi
2262:doi
2163:in
2087:doi
2053:doi
1976:doi
1946:doi
1839:."
1728:.)
1702:GPU
2379::
2326:.
2318:.
2308:49
2306:.
2300:;
2284:.
2278:;
2268:.
2258:44
2256:.
2116:.
2093:.
2083:30
2081:.
2049:20
2047:.
2043:.
2013:.
1990:.
1982:.
1972:24
1970:.
1958:^
1942:11
1940:.
1936:.
1831:.
1799:,
1724:,
1708:,
39:on
2334:.
2314::
2298:.
2292::
2276:.
2264::
2229:.
2128:.
2101:.
2089::
2066:.
2055::
2025:.
1998:.
1978::
1952:.
1948::
1606:"
1564:"
1483:e
1476:t
1469:v
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
