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402:), meaning the family's profession, "little hammer", Latinized into "Malleolus". His father, Johann, was a blacksmith and his mother, Gertrud, was a schoolmistress. Although almost universally known in English as Thomas à Kempis, the "a" represents the Latin "from" and is erroneously accented. In his writings he signed himself "Thomas Kempensis" or "Thomas Kempis".
41:
1400:
440:, founded by disciples of Groote in order to provide a way of life more in keeping with the norms of monastic life of the period. Thomas himself entered Mount St. Agnes in 1406. He was not ordained a priest, however, until almost a decade later. He became a prolific copyist and writer. Thomas received
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A monument was dedicated to his memory in the presence of the archbishop of
Utrecht in St. Michael's Church, Zwolle, on 11 November 1897. In 1964, this church closed, causing his shrine to be moved to a new St. Michael's Church outside the centre of Zwolle. In 2005, this church also closed and his
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and three paraphrases in
English seem to have been published between 1500 and 1700. Thomas died near Zwolle in 1471. There is a legend that he was denied canonization some 200 years after his death by the Catholic Church due to the presence of scratch marks on the interior of his coffin lid, which
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supposedly disqualifies him from sainthood as it would mean he did not peacefully embrace death. However, there is scant evidence to support that he was buried alive or the idea that the Church would have denied him sainthood if they did discover he died in this manner.
455:, and imposed an interdict. The Canons remained in exile in observance of the interdict until the question was settled in 1432. During this time, Thomas was sent to Arnhem to care for his ailing brother, where he remained until his brother died in November 1432.
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He also wrote the biographies of New
Devotion members—Gerard Groote, Floris Radewijns, Jan van de Gronde, and Jan Brinckerinck. His important works include a series of sermons to the novices of St. Augustine Monastery, including
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Ostenditur adhuc ejus effigies, sed admodum deformata poenèque obliterata, cum hoc insigni symbolo, In omnibus requiem quaesivi, sed non inveni, nisi in hoexkens ende boexkens: Hoc est, in abditis recessibus &
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As subprior he was charged with instructing novices, and in that capacity wrote four booklets between 1418 and 1427, later collected and named after the title of the first chapter of the first booklet:
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His first tenure of office as subprior was interrupted by the exile of the community from
Agnetenberg in 1429. A dispute had arisen in connection with an appointment to the vacant See of Utrecht.
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Shortened form of a motto often ascribed to, or associated with, Thomas a Kempis. The complete saying as reported by an early biographer is a mixture of Latin and Dutch and runs as follows: "
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He was the second son John and
Gertrude Hamerken (or Hammerlein, 'Little Hammer'), latinised, as was the custom of the age, into 'Malleolus.'
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If thou wilt receive profit, read with humility, simplicity, and faith, and seek not at any time the fame of being learned.
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in the
Netherlands in order to attend the noted Latin school there. While attending this school, Thomas encountered the
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Otherwise, Thomas spent his time between devotional exercises in writing and in copying manuscripts. He copied the
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Crane, David (1975). "English
Translations of the Imitatio Christi in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries".
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Excerpt from the manuscript "Opera" (Works), written by Thomas à Kempis in the 2nd half of the 15th century
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A History of Later Latin
Literature from the Middle of the Fourth to the End of the Seventeenth Century
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819:('from Kempen'), without the accent, as borne out by surviving contemporary mentions of his name. The
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New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. VI: Innocents — Liudger, Schaff, Philip.
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Sisters and
Brothers of the Common Life: The Devotio Moderna and the World of the Later Middle Ages
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At the Day of Judgement we shall not be asked what we have read, but what we have done.
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said it was one of the three books everybody ought to own. Thirteen translations of
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981:(3rd ed.). Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. p. V.
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is available in the Bibliothèque Royale in Brussels (shelfmark: MS 5455-61).
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In omnibus requiem quaesivi, sed non inveni, nisi in hoexkens ende boexkens,
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of the Monastery of Mount St. Agnes there. This community was one of the
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261:"Here lived Thomas van Kempen in the service of the Lord and wrote his
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Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church
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form may stem from an obsolete rendering or attributed to faux French.
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Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
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If, however, you seek Jesus in all things, you will surely find Him.
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The Imitation of Christ: A Spiritual Commentary and Reader's Guide
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shrine was moved to the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Hemelopneming kerk (
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Thomas à Kempis College, Zwolle, Netherlands; at Knowledge (NL)
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Scutum Kempense seu IV librorum de imitatione Christi vindiciae
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no fewer than four times, one of the copies being preserved at
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And when he is out of sight, quickly also is he out of mind.
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1358:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1105:"Why Isn't Thomas a'Kempis a Saint of the Catholic Church?"
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1220:
This article incorporates Public Domain material from the
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On the Passion of Christ according to the four evangelists
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in 1413 and was made sub-prior of the monastery in 1429.
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to visit his brother again, after Johann had become the
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After leaving school, Thomas went to the nearby city of
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Thomas à Kempis (1955), Harold C. Gardner, S.J. (ed.),
1303:
Wright, Frederick Adam; Sinclair, Thomas Alan (1931).
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421:. He attended school in Deventer from 1392 to 1399.
348:, published anonymously in Latin in the Netherlands
729:Oh how quickly the glory of the world passes away!
1239:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1192:"Welkom op de website van de 'Peperbus' te Zwolle"
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591:Thomas à Kempis (1989), William C. Creasy (ed.),
405:In 1392, Thomas followed his brother, Johann, to
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1244:Thomas, à Kempis (1912b). Vincent Scully (ed.).
734:The Imitation of Christ, Book I, ch. 3, line 6.
1302:
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355:–1427, one of the most popular and best known
342:of the late medieval period and the author of
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519:Prayers and Meditations on the Life of Christ
644:The following quotes are attributed to him:
1136:. Mercer University Press. pp. xix–xx.
1050:"Thomas a Kempis, Priest, Monk, and Writer"
1002:
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394:in the Rhineland. His surname at birth was
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1132:William C. Creasy (2007). "Introduction".
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524:Meditations on the Incarnation of Christ
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451:rejected the nomination of Bishop-elect
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736:Suggested as the origin of the phrase "
667:Without the Truth, there is no knowing,
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2474:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
1370:Works by Thomas à Kempis in eBook form
1226:
1122:
1036:
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757:In a little corner with a little book
669:Without the Life, there is no living.
506:Kempis's 1441 autograph manuscript of
111:Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Hemelopnemingkerk
2957:People from the Electorate of Cologne
2942:Medieval Christian devotional writers
2932:German expatriates in the Netherlands
1454:
1254:
1227:Scully, Vincent Joseph Henry (1912).
1102:
1090:
744:"Thus passes the glory of the world."
359:. His name means "Thomas of Kempen",
1320:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
692:For man proposes, but God disposes
665:Without the Way, there is no going,
13:
1336:
277:with the relics of Thomas à Kempis
14:
2983:
1401:Works by or about Thomas à Kempis
1363:
1011:. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press.
956:. Ignatius Press. pp. 9–12.
815:The correct Latin form should be
783:church) in the centre of Zwolle.
257:Monument on Mount Saint Agnes in
2834:
1417:
1233:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1009:The Complete Imitation of Christ
1005:"Introduction - Thomas Hamerken"
788:
722:O quam cito transit gloria mundi
2967:Pre-Reformation Anglican saints
1792:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1247:St. Lydwine of Schiedam, virgin
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1103:Moore, Timothy (27 July 2016).
1096:
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58:Prince-Archbishopric of Cologne
2877:15th-century Christian mystics
1505:History of the Catholic Church
1109:Imitating Christ In Daily Life
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338:) was a German-Dutch Catholic
1:
2892:15th-century writers in Latin
2154:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
1551:History of Christian theology
857:
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311:
1482:History of Catholic theology
1250:. London: Burns & Oates.
977:Carraway, James L. (1962) .
528:Of True Compunction of Heart
7:
1434:Quotes from Thomas à Kempis
1416:(public domain audiobooks)
411:Brethren of the Common Life
380:Brethren of the Common Life
10:
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2580:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2570:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1855:Transubstantiation dispute
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1179:Wright & Sinclair 1931
438:Congregation of Windesheim
357:Christian devotional books
2947:Medieval European scribes
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180:Alexander Hegius von Heek
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2872:15th-century biographers
2494:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
1687:Athanasius of Alexandria
1579:First Epistle of Clement
1410:Works by Thomas à Kempis
1392:Works by Thomas à Kempis
1314:Van Engen, John (2013).
1007:. In John-Julian (ed.).
802:
739:Sic transit gloria mundi
573:Thomas à Kempis (2005),
555:Thomas à Kempis (2007),
490:
2937:German male biographers
2907:Christian hagiographers
2605:Dietrich von Hildebrand
2469:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
2343:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
2323:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
1865:Paulinus II of Aquileia
1860:Predestination disputes
1355:Encyclopædia Britannica
1349:"Thomas à Kempis"
1292:Eusebius Amort (1759).
1230:"Thomas a Kempis"
1134:The Imitation of Christ
979:The Imitation of Christ
712:The Imitation of Christ
698:The Imitation of Christ
684:The Imitation of Christ
656:The Imitation of Christ
617:The Imitation of Christ
597:Mercer University Press
593:The Imitation of Christ
557:The Imitation of Christ
509:The Imitation of Christ
484:The Imitation of Christ
476:The Imitation of Christ
385:
366:He was a member of the
345:The Imitation of Christ
245:The Imitation of Christ
2972:Roman Catholic mystics
2841:Catholicism portal
2690:Hans Urs von Balthasar
2489:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2429:Félicité de La Mennais
2108:The Cloud of Unknowing
1609:The Shepherd of Hermas
1147:Thomas, à Kempis 1912b
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752:In angello cum libello
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378:, the founders of the
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2902:Burials in Overijssel
2615:Marie-Dominique Chenu
2534:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2519:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
2403:Clement Mary Hofbauer
2398:Johann Michael Sailer
1825:Maximus the Confessor
1517:History of the papacy
1236:Catholic Encyclopedia
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532:Soliloquy of the Soul
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363:being his home town.
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2791:Raniero Cantalamessa
2761:Alice von Hildebrand
2710:Edward Schillebeeckx
2388:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2273:Lawrence of Brindisi
2203:Francisco de Vitoria
1993:Beatrice of Nazareth
1968:Hugh of Saint Victor
1948:Bernard of Clairvaux
1928:Anselm of Canterbury
1890:John Scotus Eriugena
1885:Paschasius Radbertus
1732:Gregory of Nazianzus
1626:Epistle to Diognetus
1074:""Thomas à Kempis",
1003:John-Julian (2012).
837:Vita Thomae a Kempis
146:Saint Thomas Aquinas
82:Bishopric of Utrecht
16:German canon regular
2766:Carlo Maria Martini
2730:Johann Baptist Metz
2700:Frederick Copleston
2524:Friedrich von Hügel
2484:Joseph Hergenröther
2464:Gaetano Sanseverino
2444:Ignaz von Döllinger
2368:Nicolas Malebranche
2208:Thomas of Villanova
2169:Counter-Reformation
2149:Girolamo Savonarola
1963:Hildegard of Bingen
1772:Cyril of Alexandria
1615:Aristides of Athens
1602:Epistle of Barnabas
1591:Ignatius of Antioch
1529:Ecumenical councils
1427:Imitation of Christ
848:Eusebius Amort 1759
833:Franciscus Tolensis
577:, Ave Maria Press,
453:Rudolf van Diepholt
390:Thomas was born in
294:Thomas à Kempis on
263:Imitation of Christ
84:, Holy Roman Empire
2962:People from Zwolle
2927:German biographers
2922:Dutch male writers
2897:Augustinian canons
2781:Alasdair MacIntyre
2660:Nouvelle théologie
2549:Thérèse of Lisieux
2393:Alfonso Muzzarelli
2333:Jean-Jacques Olier
2303:Tommaso Campanella
2218:Francisco de Osuna
2213:Ignatius of Loyola
2082:Catherine of Siena
1978:Robert Grosseteste
1875:Benedict of Aniane
1815:Isidore of Seville
1757:Augustine of Hippo
1722:Cyril of Jerusalem
1717:Hilary of Poitiers
1160:"Oxford Reference"
1093:, pp. 79–100.
781:Assumption of Mary
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196:Ignatius of Loyola
184:Thérèse of Lisieux
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2771:Pope Benedict XVI
2756:Pope John Paul II
2655:Josemaría Escrivá
2645:Henri Daniel-Rops
2529:Vladimir Solovyov
2509:Neo-scholasticism
2449:John Henry Newman
2383:Louis de Montfort
2378:Alphonsus Liguori
2373:Giambattista Vico
2308:Pierre de Bérulle
2294:French Revolution
2263:Robert Bellarmine
2243:John of the Cross
2129:Julian of Norwich
2087:Bridget of Sweden
2077:John of Ruusbroec
2067:William of Ockham
1983:Francis of Assisi
1973:Dominic de Guzmán
1943:Decretum Gratiani
1918:Berengar of Tours
1807:Early Middle Ages
1777:Peter Chrysologus
1727:Basil of Caesarea
1712:Ephrem the Syrian
1652:Antipope Novatian
1396:Project Gutenberg
1327:978-0-8122-9005-9
1078:, August 8, 2008"
1076:Christian History
910:"Thomas à Kempis"
632:978-0-375-70018-7
566:978-1-59986-979-7
336:Thomas van Kempen
328:Thomas von Kempen
296:Mount Saint Agnes
251:
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232:Søren Kierkegaard
224:Swami Vivekananda
208:Joseph De Maistre
89:Venerated in
75:(aged 90–91)
62:Holy Roman Empire
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2680:Emmanuel Mounier
2675:Bernard Lonergan
2600:Georges Bernanos
2585:Jacques Maritain
2565:G. K. Chesterton
2454:Henri Lacordaire
2353:Cornelius Jansen
2348:François Fénelon
2278:Francis de Sales
2268:Francisco Suárez
2139:Nicholas of Cusa
2023:Siger of Brabant
2008:Boetius of Dacia
1988:Anthony of Padua
1933:Joachim of Fiore
1913:Gregory of Narek
1900:High Middle Ages
1845:John of Damascus
1737:Gregory of Nyssa
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1405:Internet Archive
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1257:Recusant History
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1194:. Archived from
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1181:, pp. 361-.
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700:, Book I, ch. 19
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658:, Book I, ch. 23
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540:Valley of Lilies
500:Opera spirituale
376:Florens Radewyns
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317:– 25 July 1471;
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2978:
2977:
2976:
2912:Devotio Moderna
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2833:
2825:
2806:Jean-Luc Marion
2744:
2695:Marcel Lefebvre
2620:Romano Guardini
2575:Joseph Maréchal
2553:
2544:Maurice Blondel
2439:Antonio Rosmini
2434:Luigi Taparelli
2412:
2338:Louis Thomassin
2313:Pierre Gassendi
2296:
2292:
2282:
2233:Teresa of Ávila
2171:
2167:
2158:
2144:Marsilio Ficino
2134:Thomas à Kempis
2124:Devotio Moderna
2097:Johannes Tauler
2092:Meister Eckhart
2062:Dante Alighieri
2037:
2003:Albertus Magnus
1894:
1801:
1747:John Chrysostom
1675:
1671:
1661:
1574:Clement of Rome
1555:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1440:Devotio Moderna
1418:
1385:Standard Ebooks
1380:Thomas à Kempis
1374:Standard Ebooks
1366:
1339:
1337:Further reading
1334:
1328:
1309:. G. Routledge.
1216:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1026:
1019:
1001:
997:
975:
971:
964:
950:Kempis (2004).
948:
939:
931:
927:
918:
916:
908:
907:
903:
893:
889:
880:
878:
870:
869:
865:
860:
855:
854:
831:
827:
817:Thomas a Kempis
814:
810:
805:
794:
789:
787:
776:
770:
761:
746:
743:
735:
733:
726:
716:
710:
702:
696:
688:
686:, Book I, ch. 3
682:
671:
668:
666:
660:
654:
651:
642:
633:
612:
607:
590:
585:
572:
567:
559:, Filiquarian,
554:
536:Garden of Roses
493:
419:Modern Devotion
413:, followers of
388:
368:Modern Devotion
352:
318:
314:
304:Thomas à Kempis
238:
228:Shailer Mathews
154:Dante Alighieri
142:Saint Augustine
103:
95:
76:
72:
52:
34:
29:
28:
27:Thomas à Kempis
25:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:German scribes
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Henri de Lubac
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2610:Gabriel Marcel
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:Étienne Gilson
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:George Tyrrell
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Émile Boutroux
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:Giuseppe Pecci
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:António Vieira
2325:
2320:
2318:René Descartes
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2289:Baroque period
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2253:Luis de Molina
2250:
2248:Peter Canisius
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:Francis Xavier
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Thomas Cajetan
2180:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Heinrich Seuse
2111:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Thomas Aquinas
2015:
2013:Henry of Ghent
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Anselm of Laon
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Rabanus Maurus
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1797:Pope Gregory I
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1673:Pope Gregory I
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:Biblical canon
1541:
1534:Catholic Bible
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1422:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1365:
1364:External links
1362:
1361:
1360:
1346:, ed. (1911).
1344:Chisholm, Hugh
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1311:
1300:
1289:
1252:
1241:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1183:
1171:
1151:
1139:
1121:
1095:
1083:
1065:
1041:
1024:
1018:978-1557258106
1017:
995:
969:
962:
937:
933:Van Engen 2013
925:
901:
887:
862:
861:
859:
856:
853:
852:
850:, p. 29)
825:
807:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
775:
772:
759:
731:
708:
694:
680:
663:
652:
647:
641:
638:
637:
636:
631:
610:
605:
588:
583:
570:
565:
492:
489:
434:Canons Regular
387:
384:
249:
248:
241:
235:
234:
177:
173:
172:
127:
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
109:
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
69:
65:
64:
49:
45:
44:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2984:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
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2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Aidan Nichols
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:Michał Heller
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Walter Kasper
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Thomas Merton
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:Jean Daniélou
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
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2641:
2638:
2636:
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2626:
2623:
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2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
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2586:
2583:
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2578:
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2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Joseph Görres
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2408:Bruno Lanteri
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Blaise Pascal
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
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2290:
2285:
2279:
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2274:
2271:
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2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:John of Ávila
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:Walter Hilton
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Richard Rolle
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Peter Lombard
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Peter Abelard
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Monothelitism
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:John Climacus
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
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1778:
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1773:
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1758:
1755:
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1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Monophysitism
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:Justin Martyr
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:Papal primacy
1520:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1432:
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1428:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:(2): 79–100.
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1198:on 2013-09-27
1197:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
965:
963:9780898709933
959:
955:
954:
946:
944:
942:
934:
929:
915:
911:
905:
899:, 87, p. 137.
898:
897:
891:
877:
873:
867:
863:
849:
844:
838:
834:
829:
822:
818:
812:
808:
797:
796:Saints portal
786:
784:
782:
766:
758:
755:
753:
741:
740:
730:
727:
723:
713:
707:
699:
693:
685:
679:
676:
670:
657:
650:
645:
634:
628:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:0-86554-339-9
602:
598:
594:
589:
586:
584:0-87061-234-4
580:
576:
571:
568:
562:
558:
553:
552:
551:
550:of Schiedam.
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:
513:
511:
510:
501:
497:
488:
485:
481:
477:
471:
469:
468:New Testament
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
449:Pope Martin V
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
415:Gerard Groote
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
347:
346:
341:
340:canon regular
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
309:
305:
298:
297:
291:
283:
276:
271:
264:
260:
255:
247:
246:
242:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Thomas Merton
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
107:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
20:
2801:Peter Kreeft
2749:21st century
2740:Henri Nouwen
2650:Jean Guitton
2630:Fulton Sheen
2558:20th century
2459:Jaime Balmes
2417:19th century
2238:Luis de León
2133:
2119:Geert Groote
2106:
1923:Peter Damian
1762:John Cassian
1702:Nestorianism
1624:
1607:
1600:
1583:
1561:Early Church
1439:
1426:
1378:
1353:
1316:
1305:
1294:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1234:
1221:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1154:
1142:
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