538:
350:
34:
471:
214:, but plans to make it a circle took place the following year. Development around the circle was slow, due to the area being in the city's "countryside." A few large houses were built around the circle before the Civil War, but major changes took place in the second half of the 19th-century. The circle was improved with landscaping, a horse-drawn rail for commuters, and sewer lines. The statue of Thomas was dedicated in 1879, the same year one of the city's first apartment buildings was constructed, the
459:
499:. In December 1938, construction began on a $ 680,000 tunnel that would allow Massachusetts Avenue's through-traffic to pass under the circle. During construction of the underpass, most of the landscaping in the circle was removed. The tunnel opened on March 14, 1940. North-south running through-traffic lanes cutting through the center of the circle were added in 1952 to improve traffic flow, but left a minimal oval-shaped space around the statue which pedestrians could not access without
523:
905:
897:
510:, was built on the site in the early 1960s. The Portland Flats was demolished in 1962 and replaced with a building that now serves as a hotel. A few small rowhouses and an apartment building that lined the southern portion of the circle were demolished in the 1960s-1970s. The Annie Cole House survived until 1974 when it was demolished and replaced with the
576:
came with the elimination of the 14th Street through-lanes. The circle was restored to its original design according to the L'Enfant Plan, which allowed for a larger landscaped area inside the circle. The rehabilitation of Thomas Circle won an
Honorable Mention in the "Historic Preservation" category of the
575:
completed a 2.5-year, $ 6 million reconstruction of Thomas Circle. The project included the addition of bike lanes, pedestrian crosswalks mid-circle (which hadn't previously existed), new in-circle traffic lights, better street lighting, and new sidewalks and landscaping. The biggest change, however,
483:
The park in the circle was redesigned several times in the 1900s-1910s, and by the 1920s, most of the plants and trees had been removed. The ornate lamps around the statue were replaced with standard lampposts. During this period, the houses around the circle were often no longer used as residences.
389:
troops. After the war ended in 1865, a horse-drawn railway was installed on 14th Street, leading to development around and to the north of the circle. In 1867, the Office of Public
Buildings and Grounds leadership wanted to create a park in the middle of the circle. Fencing was installed around the
337:
The area where present-day Thomas Circle is located was once part of a large tract of land named Port Royal. The tract was leased to John Peerce in 1687. On March 30, 1791, ownership of the tract's areas where streets were to be built was given to the new federal government. The circle was mentioned
312:
The traffic circle measures 28,176 square feet (2,617.6 m) and its dimension is 338.93 feet (103.31 m). Since the most recent reconfiguration of Thomas Circle in 2006, there are four sidewalks leading to the center, one from each direction. The sidewalks intersect at a smaller circle that
567:
was added to the DCIHS on May 26, 1994, and the NRHP on
November 9, 1994. The 1994 designation included the Lutheran church. On April 24, 1997, the L'Enfant Plan was added to the NRHP. The Greater Fourteenth Street historic District was expanded in 2007, which included the National City Christian
402:, there were additional improvements to the circle and the streets surrounding it. New plants were installed after the site was excavated and replaced with high-quality soil. A fountain, outdoor furniture, and ornamental iron vases were also installed during the next several years.
397:
was built on the north side of the circle in the early 1870s. By that time, in addition to fencing, the park had sidewalks, gas lamps, and shrubbery, but most of the plantings had to be removed in 1872 because they were not planted deep enough and died. During the leadership of
583:
As of the start of the 21st century, Thomas Circle is adjacent to the southern boundary of the
Greater 14th Street and Logan Circle Historic District. The circle marks the boundary between "downtown 14th Street" and the "uptown 14th Street", the latter of which is a rapidly
436:
in 1884, which faces the circle. The dedication ceremony was attended by thousands of people. By the 1890s, some of the homes around the circle were sold or converted to other use, including the
Crawford House, which became the Norwood Institute. This occurred because
550:
Historic preservation of remaining buildings took place in the second half of the 20th-century. The
National City Christian Church, Luther Place Memorial Church, including the statue of Luther, and the circle itself as part of the L'Enfant Plan, were added to the
787:
758:
252:
around the statue, eliminating access to the park and statue. This was reversed in the 2000s, restoring the original design of Thomas Circle. The
Lutheran church, the Thomas statue, and the circle itself are listed on the
361:
There was minimal development around the circle during the first half of the 19th-century. The first large building to be constructed on the circle was on the northwest corner, the residence of
Secretary of the Treasury
780:
962:
754:
320:
Because of its location, which is slightly taller than the surrounding area, there are vistas looking down 14th Street, Massachusetts Avenue, and
Vermont Avenue. There are four
506:
Demolition of remaining buildings continued into the mid-20th century. The Wylie House was demolished after a devastating fire in 1947. The
Washington Plaza Hotel, designed by
390:
circle, which was nicknamed Memorial Circle, due to citizens planting memorial trees. Paved roads and sewers soon followed, and the area quickly attracted wealthy residents.
366:. At that time, the surrounding area was considered part of the city's countryside. In 1843, businessman Thomas Coltman built a mansion on the circle's northeast corner. The
484:
Owners converted them into office space, embassies, and a variety of commercial ventures. Several single-family houses were demolished and replaced with office buildings.
229:
becoming more popular with upper-class citizens. Several of the old homes were replaced or used for non-residential purposes. The horse-drawn rail car was replaced with
1606:
425:
and installed in the center of the park. The statue's dedication ceremony was attended by thousands of soldiers and prominent individuals, including President
703:
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441:
and Logan Circle were seen as the more fashionable areas at the time. During the same decade, the horse-drawn railway on 14th Street was replaced with an
1002:
1570:
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neighborhoods. In April 2014, Thomas Circle became the eastern terminus of the M Street Cycle Track. This 1.4 miles (2.3 km), west-bound only
552:
258:
233:, allowing more people to travel north of the circle and build homes in new neighborhoods. During the first half of the 20th-century, the imposing
191:, and Vermont Avenue NW. A portion of Massachusetts Avenue travels through a tunnel underneath the circle. The interior of the circle includes the
297:, and Vermont Avenue NW. A portion of Massachusetts Avenue passes under the circle via a tunnel. The circle is on the boundary of the city's
248:
and Portland Flats, were replaced with office buildings and hotels. The circle itself was significantly altered in the 1950s by building new
564:
429:. After installation of the statue, which is considered one of the city's best equestrian statues, Memorial Circle became Thomas Circle.
266:
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563:, collective listing on the NRHP and DCIHS, on September 20, 1978, and March 3, 1979, respectively. The
591:
within the city. D.C. city officials now consider Thomas Circle to be a "gateway" to the Logan Circle,
317:. The remainder of the circle is an open grassy area, with a few trees and lampposts dotting the site.
732:
537:
1280:
487:
One positive addition to the lots surrounding the circle was the 1930 construction of the imposing
399:
409:, was constructed on the south side of the circle. It was designed my prominent local architect,
592:
422:
349:
346:
released an updated map, and instead of an intersection, the area was planned to be a circle.
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of the city's layout as No. 9, but the layout was only an intersection. The following year
8:
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was built on the northwest edge of the circle. The other church facing Thomas Circle is
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1101:
781:"National Park Service properties within the Downtown DC Business Improvement District"
382:
204:
210:
The area around present-day Thomas Circle was included as an intersection in the 1791
1413:
862:
834:
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568:
Church and an adjoining apartment building, on January 18 (DCIHS) and May 15 (NRHP).
492:
393:
In dedication of the lives lost during the war and as a symbol of peace, the ornate
1512:
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1166:
470:
339:
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211:
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72:
882:
Woodruff, William E. (November 27, 1938). "Expenditures May Reach $ 200,000,000".
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33:
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555:(DCIHS) on November 8, 1964. The Lutheran church and statue were added to the
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324:, two on the southern side of the circle, and two on the northern side.
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386:
385:, one of three homes on the circle was used as a military hospital for
200:
221:
During the late 19th-century, the area became less desirable due to
1076:
559:(NRHP) on July 16, 1973. The statue of Thomas was included in the
522:
313:
is surrounded by wrought-iron fencing, a grassy area, and the
1010:
898:"Vehicular Traffic to Use Thomas Circle Underpass Tomorrow"
728:
831:
L'enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C
445:, leading to neighborhoods forming north of the circle.
405:
In 1879, one of the city's first apartment buildings,
179:, United States. It is located at the intersection of
859:
The Neighborhoods of Logan, Scott, and Thomas Circles
955:"Long-Delayed M Street Bike Lane Nearing Completion"
833:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 167–173.
658:"Historic American Buildings Survey - Thomas Circle"
432:Luther Place Memorial Church installed the bronze
930:. Federal Highway Administration. November 2006.
580:'s Excellence in Highway Design awards for 2006.
1607:Squares, plazas, and circles in Washington, D.C.
1583:
553:District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites
259:District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites
828:
786:. DC Office of Planning. 2009. pp. 23–26.
702:. DC Department of Transportation. June 2008.
697:"14th St Recommendations Report Final Version"
996:
691:
689:
687:
685:
448:
565:Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District
267:Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District
1003:
989:
852:
850:
38:Facing north across Thomas Circle towards
32:
755:"Real Property Details for: RES 00660000"
682:
543:Building that replaced the Portland Flats
376:Supreme Court of the District of Columbia
261:(DCIHS). Both churches on the circle are
1012:Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.
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856:
824:
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818:
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355:equestrian statue of George Henry Thomas
348:
315:equestrian statue of George Henry Thomas
48:equestrian statue of George Henry Thomas
1602:Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)
952:
847:
773:
652:
650:
648:
561:Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C.
272:
244:Many historic buildings, including the
1584:
908:from the original on February 10, 2024
761:from the original on February 10, 2024
670:from the original on February 10, 2024
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
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634:
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628:
497:Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
495:, which is the national church of the
476:Northern view of Thomas Circle in 1922
464:Southern view of Thomas Circle in 1916
332:
984:
805:
793:from the original on January 27, 2017
573:District Department of Transportation
512:National Association of Home Builders
946:
920:
747:
721:
709:from the original on August 19, 2022
557:National Register of Historic Places
255:National Register of Historic Places
928:"Excellence in Highway Design 2006"
890:
735:from the original on March 26, 2021
625:
613:List of circles in Washington, D.C.
13:
934:from the original on April 5, 2021
861:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 47.
14:
1623:
965:from the original on May 5, 2014
953:Conneen, Mike (April 11, 2014).
904:. March 13, 1940. pp. B-1.
757:. DC Office of Tax and Revenue.
731:. DC Office of Tax and Revenue.
536:
521:
469:
457:
421:was erected. It was sculpted by
1597:Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.)
875:
578:Federal Highway Administration
491:, designed by noted architect
489:National City Christian Church
374:, an Associate Justice of the
235:National City Christian Church
40:National City Christian Church
1:
1306:Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue
618:
46:, and in the foreground, the
415:the bronze equestrian statue
395:Luther Place Memorial Church
309:is located two blocks west.
241:, built in the early 1870s.
239:Luther Place Memorial Church
44:Luther Place Memorial Church
7:
1612:Streets in Washington, D.C.
606:
603:extends to 28th Street NW.
10:
1628:
1498:George Washington Memorial
857:Williams, Paul K. (2001).
327:
281:'s Reservation 66, in the
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1422:
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663:. National Park Service.
449:20th & 21st-centuries
400:Alexander "Boss" Shepherd
153:
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117:
78:
63:
58:
54:
31:
26:
1281:Black Lives Matter Plaza
829:Bednar, Michael (2006).
285:. It is the junction of
263:contributing properties
1508:Rock Creek and Potomac
729:"Real Property Search"
423:John Quincy Adams Ward
358:
571:In October 2006, the
417:of Civil War General
352:
102:38.90566°N 77.03196°W
295:Massachusetts Avenue
277:Thomas Circle is on
273:Geography and design
189:Massachusetts Avenue
132:Massachusetts Avenue
1592:George Henry Thomas
1301:MacArthur Boulevard
884:The Washington Post
427:Rutherford B. Hayes
419:George Henry Thomas
370:was later owned by
364:William H. Crawford
333:17th-19th-centuries
197:George Henry Thomas
134:, Vermont Avenue NW
107:38.90566; -77.03196
98: /
443:electric streetcar
359:
283:northwest quadrant
1579:
1578:
1556:Kenilworth Avenue
1239:President's Park
597:U Street Corridor
493:John Russell Pope
413:. That same year
357:, erected in 1879
193:equestrian statue
163:
162:
1619:
1184:Capitol Streets
1050:Lettered streets
1019:Numbered streets
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902:The Evening Star
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589:gay neighborhood
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279:Washington, D.C.
177:Washington, D.C.
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73:Washington, D.C.
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1204:Border Avenues
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434:Luther Monument
344:Andrew Ellicott
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322:traffic islands
305:neighborhoods.
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250:traffic islands
203:general in the
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1324:Anna J. Cooper
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1258:West Executive
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1041:18th Street NW
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1036:16th Street NW
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601:bicycling lane
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529:Portland Flats
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514:headquarters.
508:Morris Lapidus
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407:Portland Flats
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216:Portland Flats
170:traffic circle
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1561:Potomac River
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1269:Other streets
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27:Thomas Circle
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21:Road junction
19:
1493:Clara Barton
1460:Mount Vernon
1398:
1296:Klingle Road
1276:Benning Road
1233:Independence
1228:Constitution
1152:Rhode Island
1147:Pennsylvania
967:. Retrieved
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936:. Retrieved
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910:. Retrieved
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372:Andrew Wylie
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338:in the 1791
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307:Scott Circle
303:Logan Circle
276:
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227:Logan Circle
220:
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165:
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139:Construction
65:Logan Circle
18:
1536:12th Street
1523:Expressways
1369:Observatory
1349:Dave Thomas
1339:Chevy Chase
1291:Embassy Row
1178:and streets
1102:Connecticut
1092:State-named
1031:14th Street
739:February 9,
674:February 9,
586:gentrifying
411:Adolf Cluss
381:During the
287:14th Street
257:(NRHP) and
181:14th Street
124:14th Street
105: /
80:Coordinates
1586:Categories
1546:Center Leg
1531:9th Street
1414:Washington
1026:7th Street
868:0738514047
619:References
501:jaywalking
231:streetcars
201:Union Army
93:77°01′55″W
90:38°54′20″N
1571:Southwest
1566:Southeast
1541:Anacostia
1455:McPherson
1445:Lafayette
1167:Wisconsin
383:Civil War
205:Civil War
174:Northwest
69:Northwest
1551:E Street
1513:Suitland
1503:Oxon Run
1485:Parkways
1435:Franklin
1430:Farragut
1384:Sheridan
1344:Columbus
1329:Banneker
1218:Southern
1157:Virginia
1137:New York
1127:Missouri
1094:roadways
1082:U Street
1077:P Street
1072:M Street
1067:K Street
1062:H Street
1057:F Street
963:Archived
932:Archived
906:Archived
788:Archived
759:Archived
733:Archived
704:Archived
665:Archived
607:See also
299:downtown
291:M Street
185:M Street
128:M Street
120:junction
118:Roads at
59:Location
1470:Stanton
1450:Lincoln
1440:Freedom
1423:Squares
1404:Truxton
1389:Sherman
1316:Circles
1248:Madison
1243:Jackson
1213:Eastern
1208:Western
1112:Georgia
1107:Florida
959:WJLA-TV
531:in 1917
328:History
265:to the
1465:Seward
1399:Thomas
1394:Tenley
1354:Dupont
1334:Barney
969:May 4,
865:
837:
595:, and
1475:Union
1379:Scott
1374:Peace
1364:Logan
1359:Grant
1198:South
1188:North
1117:Maine
791:(PDF)
784:(PDF)
707:(PDF)
700:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
661:(PDF)
387:Union
368:house
168:is a
1409:Ward
1193:East
1142:Ohio
971:2014
940:2024
914:2024
863:ISBN
835:ISBN
799:2024
767:2024
741:2024
715:2024
676:2024
593:Shaw
353:The
301:and
225:and
199:, a
158:DDOT
144:Type
195:of
172:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
