145:
421:, achieved by violence if necessary. Bourke was amongst numerous Irish veterans of the Civil War who swelled the ranks of the Fenian Brotherhood at the conclusion of the war. Bourke was joined in the Fenians by his brothers James and Edward Bourke. Thomas Francis, who was considered a warm and courteous person by his peers in the Fenians (a considerable distinction in an organisation plagued by infighting), was appointed as head of the Fenians in Manhattan. As "Head Centre" of Manhattan, he was considered to be the Fenian equivalent of a colonel, and from there on out, Bourke would refer to himself as "Colonel Thomas Francis Bourke".
476:. Bourke was updated of their plans and assigned to Tipperary as his area of control for the rebellion. Bourke arrived in Ireland on February 8. Bourke's hopes of actually achieving a successful rebellion were doubtful, with the Fenians hopelessly divided between whether to attack Ireland or Canada, but nonetheless, Bourke was amongst those who felt honour-bound to attempt a rebellion in his native land. The original date for Stephens' planned uprising in Ireland was 11 February, but this was postponed due to British awareness of the plan. On 18 February Bourke was interviewed by the police in
112:
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either with your shield or upon it." This reconciles me. This gives me heart. I submit to my doom, and I hope that God will forgive me my past sins. I hope, too, that inasmuch as He has for seven hundred years, preserved
Ireland, notwithstanding all the tyranny to which she has been subjected, as a separate and distinct nationality, He will also retrieve her fallen fortunes—to rise in her beauty and her majesty, the sister of Columbia, the peer of any nation in the world
460:
396:. It was there, on 3 July, that Bourke (possibly during early morning assault on Culps Hill) was shot twice through the same leg, in the upper thigh. Bourke was brought to a Union Army hospital that did what they could for him, but his leg was permanently destroyed by his wounds as the muscle atrophied until there was little more than skin covering the bone. For the remainder of the war, Bourke was held as a prisoner of war at
506:
I have ties to bind me to life and society, as strong as any man in this court. I have a family I love as much as any man in this court does his. But I can remember the blessing received from an aged mother's lips, as I left her the last time. She spoke as the
Spartan mother did—" Go, my boy. Return
487:
eventually started in early March but proved almost immediately a disaster. The rising was poorly organised, not well supported or armed, and most of the
American contingent (who were planned to act as officers) were intercepted at sea by the British. Bourke, for his part, assembled a group of local
549:
served as Bourke's legal counsel. During the trial, Bourke made a number of speeches in which he acknowledged the rebellion was doomed to failure, but nonetheless, he was proud to die for
Ireland. Nationalists in Ireland extolled Bourke's speeches as the most courageous heard in Ireland since those
641:. Bourke was appointed a trustee of the Clan's "skirmishing fund" in spring 1877, but he quickly came to oppose O'Donovan Rossa's plan to use the skirmishing fund for a "Dynamite Campaign" to be waged in Great Britain, which Bourke denounced as "foolish and immoral". Against Bourke's wishes, the
329:, he was forced to live a nomadic lifestyle, travelling from one American city to another in search of work. Edmond Burke died in 1859, at which point the family returned to living in New York City. Thomas continued to pay for his family's expenses until his sibling came of age in the 1860s.
603:
for the
Fenians, which mostly rested on an agreement that the Fenians would go into exile and not reside in Ireland or Great Britain. Bourke returned home to New York City. Once home, Bourke became a celebrity amongst the Irish-Americans alongside the also returning
436:, which would then be held to ransom against the British Empire. Bourke sided with O'Mahoney, believing an invasion of Canada was doomed to failure. Nonetheless, Roberts' faction seized control of the Fenians at the convention, paving the way for the
627:, attempted to heal the rifts in American Fenanism by touring, lecturing and speaking to Fenians across the nation. Although Bourke was widely regarded as an able peacemaker and even a possible leader of the Fenians, the task remained daunting.
408:
Following the end of the war in 1865, Bourke returned to New York City, reuniting with his family and returning to the painting profession, becoming a foreman in one of the city's largest painting firms. In June 1865 Bourke became a member of the
305:, where Bourke's father once again operated as a painter. However, over the course of the next few years' Bourke's mother's health began to fail and on a Doctor's advice that she needed a colder climate, the family once again moved, this time to
467:
In
January of 1867, Bourke, alongside many other Irish-American Fenians, sailed from New York to London, with the aim of taking part in a rebellion in Ireland that spring. Bourke convened in London with Fenian commanders Thomas J. Kelly,
554:'s, and even Bourke's opponents acknowledged his bravery in the face of death. Bourke was sentenced to die on 29 May 1867, however a public campaign for reprieve began almost immediately, culminating in a mass meeting at Dublin's
608:. Together, the six Fenians attended a number of events and engagements held in their honour, where the charismatic Bourke was normally nominated as lead speaker. This even included a visit by the six Fenians to the
372:, the deadliest one-day battle of the entire war. Bourke was lucky to survive the battle which saw 50% of his regiment killed in action. The 7th continued to fight despite their losses and participated in the
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in April 1862, as would 40,000 fellow Irish immigrants, possibly as conscripts, adventurers, ideological supporters, or simply for money; Bourke would serve in the 7th
Louisiana infantry regiment.
293:. He was the second eldest of six children of Edmond Burke, a house painter, and Mary Burke (née Dwyer). In the 1840s Bourke's father had a relatively successful business, however, the events of
587:, Surrey, on 27 February 1868. In 1870 Bourke was interviewed by the Commission of inquiry on prison conditions, and he submitted a report detailing the suffering of his fellow Fenian inmate
268:
of 1867, and was initially sentenced to death for his role in it. His sentence was later commuted before he was released as part of a general amnesty, conditional on going into exile.
492:, seizing arms on the way. At Bansha they cut the telegraph wires and tore up some railway tracks before proceeding to Ballyhurst Fort, where they were confronted by members of the
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and lost. Nonetheless, afterwards, Bourke was appointed deputy sheriff and clerk of supply in the department of public works in New York, a position he held until his death.
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After a short bout of acute inflammation of the kidneys, Bourke died on 10 November 1889 at his home at 209 East 36th Street, New York City. His funeral was held at
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By 1874 it became apparent to Bourke and his allies that the Fenian
Brotherhood could not be repaired, and so they switched their allegiance to
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313:. Edmond Burke was once again able to establish a successful business, but soon he too was encountering health problems (possibly due to
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940:
496:. Bourke's untrained and ill-armed men were quickly routed and Bourke himself was injured in a fall from his horse and captured.
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At the Fenian
Convention in Philadelphia in October 1865, a split occurred amongst the Fenians which pitted Fenian President
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321:. By this point Thomas became the primary income earner for the family, working as a painter himself. Thomas would move to
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from the Union Army in the Spring of 1862. Despite the defeat, Bourke remained with the 7th, and served under
General
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on 13 May. Despite this, the British were reticent to grant any clemency. However, following direct appeals from
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782:"Thomas Francis Bourke (1840 - 1889) Fenian, Veteran of the American Civil War and the Fenian Rising of 1867"
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his deputy. Both Stephens and Kelly pushed for the Fenians to focus on an immediate rebellion in Ireland.
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that sought to establish an independent Irish Republic separate from the United Kingdom. He took part in the
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arrived in New York City. Stephens attempted to reassert control over the American Fenians and made Colonel
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between 1845 and 1852 meant that the family was forced to emigrate in 1850. The family first settled in
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417:. Both organisations' aim was the creation of an independent Irish Republic, separate from the
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400:, where his wound and the appalling conditions therein took a heavy toll on his health.
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572:, they acquiesced to commuting Bourke's sentence to penal servitude for life on 27 May.
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In May of 1866, following his escape from prison back in Ireland, the President of the IRB
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In 1872 Bourke stood for the position of Sheriff of Brooklyn, however, he was opposed by
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in April 1867 and sentenced to death. For the trial, the Judges were The Chief Justice
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252:) (10 December 1840 - 10 November 1889) was an Irish soldier who fought in the
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As part of the 7th Louisiana, Bourke fought with Confederates in the doomed
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In January 1880 Bourke sat on the New York reception committee for
839:"40,000 Irish fought for the Confederate Army in the US Civil War"
668:, which fought for the rights of poor tenant farmers in Ireland.
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317:) and the family was once again forced to resettle, this time in
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On 13 January 1871 Bourke was released from prison as part of a
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on behalf of the Confederacy and who was later a member of the
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Fenians at Kilfeakle, County Tipperary, before marching to
432:, who favoured the Fenians invading and capturing parts of
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People convicted of treason against the United Kingdom
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281:Thomas Francis Bourke was born 10 December 1840 in
1606:Prisoners sentenced to death by the United Kingdom
463:A flag flown by Fenians during the 1867 rebellion
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619:Once settled back in America, Bourke, alongside
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368:. In September 1862 the 7th fought at the
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1596:Military personnel from County Tipperary
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816:O'Donnell, Michael (12 November 1989).
521:in Dublin, Bourke was put on trial for
494:31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot
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512:Except of Bourke speaking at his trial
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818:"Thomas Francis Bourke (1840-1889)"
500:Trial, Death sentence, Imprisonment
277:Early life and repeated immigration
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1581:Irish prisoners sentenced to death
934:Physical force Irish republicanism
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380:Permanently wounded at Gettysburg
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337:Bourke found himself working in
333:Fighting in the Confederate Army
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941:Irish in the American Civil War
392:and they fought at the vicious
384:The 7th Louisiana were part of
374:Second Battle of Fredericksburg
203:Second Battle of Fredericksburg
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575:Bourke served his sentence in
366:his successful Valley campaign
1:
735:Dictionary of Irish Biography
729:Quinn, James (October 2009).
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118:Confederate States of America
1509:The Irish People (newspaper)
896:Irish Republican Brotherhood
415:Irish Republican Brotherhood
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262:Irish Republican Brotherhood
123:Irish Republican Brotherhood
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1586:People of the Fenian Rising
999:Declaration of Independence
645:would commence in 1881.
413:, the American wing of the
349:in 1861. Bourke joined the
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1534:Irish National Invincibles
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1467:Emmet Monument Association
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1502:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
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193:Jackson's Valley campaign
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731:"Bourke, Thomas Francis"
643:Fenian dynamite campaign
1276:Edward O'Meagher Condon
1269:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
992:Hindu–German Conspiracy
616:on 22 February 1871.
589:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
351:Confederate States Army
151:Confederate States Army
969:Irish Race Conventions
780:Ó Coısdealbha, Tomás.
595:Release and later life
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438:Fenian Raids of Canada
358:defence of New Orleans
188:Capture of New Orleans
171:7th Louisiana infantry
71:209 East 36th Street,
1538:Phoenix Park killings
1495:Irish Republican Army
1262:Thomas Francis Bourke
1065:Clerkenwell explosion
675:and he was buried in
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485:Fenian Rising of 1867
470:Gustave Paul Cluseret
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246:Thomas Francis Bourke
235:Fenian Rising of 1867
20:Thomas Francis Bourke
683:; he never married.
517:Having been held in
394:Battle of Gettysburg
325:, but following the
213:Battle of Gettysburg
1428:Thomas Miller Beach
1158:John O'Connor Power
927:Irish republicanism
390:Gettysburg campaign
208:Gettysburg campaign
1474:Fenian Brotherhood
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1318:Thomas Clarke Luby
1020:Anglo-Irish Treaty
948:Manchester Martyrs
621:Thomas Clarke Luby
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430:William R. Roberts
411:Fenian Brotherhood
376:in May of 1863.
370:Battle of Antietam
347:American Civil War
258:Fenian Brotherhood
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198:Battle of Antietam
183:American Civil War
128:Fenian Brotherhood
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1207:Seán McGarry
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1165:John O'Leary
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1526:Derivatives
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1112:Army Mutiny
666:Land League
654:John Dillon
610:White House
570:Paul Cullen
535:Baron Deasy
339:New Orleans
1555:Categories
1445:Associates
1420:Informants
1371:Tom Clarke
1304:John Devoy
1245:Prominent
1122:Presidents
984:Fenian Ram
849:2024-06-05
687:References
664:) and the
539:Isaac Butt
307:St. John's
103:Allegiance
41:1840-12-10
1339:Pat Nally
1283:John Daly
1013:Sinn FĂ©in
955:Cuba Five
920:Fenianism
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404:Fenianism
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272:Biography
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