Thomas Pownall - Knowledge

955: 716: 972:. However, once hostilities had begun in April 1775, his conciliatory views were dismissed by war-supporting Tories, who opposed them, as well as by Whigs, who saw his proposals as attempts to undercut their positions. Pownall remained nominally in support of North until 1777, when he openly made declarations in support of the peace party. The entry of France to the war on the American side returned him firmly to the pro-war Tory position. His support was, however, nuanced since he continued to argue for some sort of conciliation with the Americans and remaining resolutely patriotic with respect to the French. He was not alone among British politicians in being unable reconcile those positions and refused to stand for re-election in 1780. 823:

insisted that the military protection that the colonists received from Britain created equally extensive obligations to help pay for some of the cost. He was also convinced of the need for a strong central legislature capable of making common policies that would be binding for every member of the British Empire, including the fractious provinces in North America. Pownall eventually decided that the only solution lay in creating an imperial parliament with representatives from both Britain and the colonies. Although he was not the only British commentator to embrace the idea of an imperial parliament, most Americans found it anathema, so much so that the pamphleteers

712:. He specifically recommended for London to offer to pay more of the colonial expenses of the war; the implementation of that idea led to a significant increase in militia recruitment for the remaining years of the war, including 7,000 men from Massachusetts for the 1758 campaign. Pownall was able to move a bill through the General Court to implement reforms of the militia system. The bill did not include all of the changes that Pownall had sought to achieve a more flexible and less costly organization, and its terms also handed more power over the militia in the hands of local officials and reduced the governor's control. 1018:, a Venezuelan colonial general who favoured Latin American independence from Spain. According to the historian William Spence Robertson, significant arguments advanced by Miranda in his later efforts are traceable to Pownall's influence. Pownall also assisted Miranda explicitly by cultivating connections in the British government as he attempted to advance the independence agenda. Pownall's last major work was a treatise again arguing for free trade and explicitly called for British support of Latin American independence as a way to open those markets to British and American trade. Pownall died at 2735: 448: 988: 880: 3452: 4109: 511: 599: 560: 646: 1035: 40: 429:. As a Member of Parliament he regularly advocated for colonial positions, without much success, but supported the war effort once the Revolutionary War began. In the early 19th century he became an early advocate of the reduction or removal of trade barriers, and the establishment of a solid relationship between Britain and the United States. Several writers have proposed that Pownall was 906:'s partial repeal in 1770 of the hated Townshend Acts in which the tax on tea was retained as a symbol of parliamentary power. In debate on the act, Pownall pointed out that retention of the tax would be a "millstone" around English necks, rather than a yoke on American ones, and that it would lead to civil war. His speech was delivered on 5 March 1770, the day of the 487:, which oversaw British colonial affairs, and rapidly rose in the bureaucracy. The brothers were influential supporters of each other in their efforts to advance. John secured a job for Thomas in the colonial office, where he became aware of the possibilities for advancement and influence in colonial postings. In 1753 he went to America as private secretary to 1010:. The essay propounded instructions to Europe's leaders on how to deal with a newly independent United States by pointing out that America's independence and rapid population growth would have a transformative effect on world trade. He proposed that European leaders meet to establish worldwide regulations for what was essentially free trade. 578:, and attending military conferences concerning the ongoing war. Belcher, however, proved to be longer lived than expected (he died in 1757), and Pownall was restless. The military conferences drew him into an ongoing power struggle between Johnson and Shirley (who rose to become military commander-in-chief upon the death of General 587:, combined with damaging allegations provided by other Johnson supporters, led to Shirley's dismissal as commander-in-chief. Pownall returned to England in early 1756, where he confirmed the Johnson allegations, and was rewarded with a post as "Secretary Extraordinary" (a title of Pownall's creation) to the new commander-in-chief, 673:

drive, the provincial assembly. The meeting was acrimonious, and Loudoun afterward wrote a letter to London that harshly criticised Pownall's position and called his ideas on governance "high-handed". Loudoun encountered opposition in the General Court, the provincial assembly, to a demand for British troops to be

979:, updating and expanding the work to reflect changing conditions. He also worked to update and revise the Evans map by soliciting data and updated maps from colonial correspondents. He withdrew to some extent in the later years after the death of his wife in 1777 but continued to appear in Parliament. 491:, just appointed governor of New York. Osborn committed suicide several days after reaching New York, leaving Pownall without a job and a sponsor. Pownall chose to remain in America, devoting himself to studying the condition of the American colonies. In the following months he travelled widely, from 1013:

Pownall continued to maintain an interest in the United States after the war ended although he never returned. He sought without success a commission in the Massachusetts militia, mostly as a formality so that he could present it during his European travels. He continued to write essays (new ones and

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with civilians in Boston, and he threatened to march additional troops into the province and take housing by force. Pownall requested for the General Court to accede in some way to Loudoun's demands and eventually signed a bill authorizing the quartering of troops in inns and other public spaces. The

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as an observer. His observations on the nature of colonial dealings with the Indians (including political infighting for control of the Indian trade, and the corrupt and fraudulent acquisition of Indian lands) led him to draft a number of proposals related to colonial administration. He proposed the

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Pownall's work identified him as supportive of American liberty. Although he feared that Britain was losing control of its colonies, he wrote that the Americans were entitled to the same rights of representative government as their fellow subjects in England, Scotland and Wales. At the same time, he

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and was lauded by a group of Massachusetts merchants upon his departure. A bachelor, he was reported to be a ladies' man who was highly engaged in the social scene. Although he was not strongly religious, he regularly attended Anglican services but was also a frequent visitor to local Congregational

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as someone who may have delivered private letters of Thomas Hutchinson to Benjamin Franklin, but Franklin never identified his source for the letters. Pownall was unable to retain his seat since in 1774, he was voted out of office. Seeking to remain active, Pownall ended up appealing to Lord North,

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While Pownall was in England, Shirley's reputation was further damaged by allegations (not apparently furthered by Pownall's action) that he had let military information fall into enemy hands, and the Board of Trade decided to recall him. Pownall was also offered the governorship of Pennsylvania by

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In the later months of 1759, Pownall wrote a letter to Pitt to request leave to return to England because "I might be of some service" there. The biographer John Schutz speculates that the underlying reason for Pownall's request was related to frustration with his exclusion from the major military

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He accompanied Lord Loudoun back to America in July 1756, but again returned to England to represent Loudoun in hearings on Shirley's military leadership. Lord Loudoun also instructed Pownall on his military plans and objectives. In London he became closely involved in informing members of the new

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He renewed correspondence with officials in Massachusetts in the hopes of winning appointment as an agent representing the province's interests but was unsuccessful. He regularly received visitors from the colonies, and Benjamin Franklin, his old friend from Pennsylvania, was a frequent guest. He

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had not fully implemented a variety of demands that he had made, and he held Pownall responsible. Pownall objected to the interference of the military in civilian affairs, the threat of which Loudoun used to implement his agenda, by maintaining that it was necessary for the governor to lead, not

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Colonial American issues then briefly subsided from the stage. In 1772, Pownall introduced legislation reforming food production and distribution in Great Britain. It passed the House of Commons but was amended by the Lords, which led the Commons to reject the amended bill as a violation of its

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Despite the reforms, recruiting for the militia proved difficult, and recruiting parties were often harassed and stoned, which led to rioting on several occasions. Pownall was, however, successful in recruiting the province's full quota of militia, and his energetic assistance in the war effort

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and archaeological studies. In her study of Pownall, Bryony Orme remarks that he "is perhaps one of the most neglected of our early antiquaries, and undeservedly so." He inherited these interests from his father Captain William Pownall, who lived at No. 5 Pottergate in the Minster Yard, which

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Although Pownall's start in power was somewhat rocky, his popularity in the province grew as his term progressed. He assiduously saw to the needs of its many fishermen, successfully convinced the military authorities to eliminate burdensome red tape and courted local merchants. He invested in

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After the conference Pownall returned to Philadelphia. In this time he apparently deepened a close friendship with Franklin, with whom he began to invest in business ventures. Franklin, who had unsuccessfully proposed colonial union at the Albany conference, may have contributed to Pownall's

422:) in which Pownall was instrumental in raising Massachusetts provincial militia for the war effort. He opposed military interference in colonial administration, including attempts to quarter British troops in private homes, and had a generally positive relationship with the colonial assembly. 851:

Pownall continued to communicate with political allies in Massachusetts and was on several occasions called to appear before parliamentary committees to comment on colonial affairs. He considered returning to Massachusetts if a post could be found, and he began investing in property in

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its proprietors; however, his demands for wide-ranging powers in the post led them to retract the offer. Pownall turned this to his own advantage, widely publicizing the fact that he had turned down the offer because of the "unreasonable, unenlightened attitude of the proprietors."

761:. The two men never trusted each other, and Pownall regularly excluded Hutchinson from his inner council meetings but instead sent him on missions such as to deal with militia recruitment issues. One of Pownall's last acts before leaving the colony was to approve the appointment of 621:

His performance in these matters resulted in his appointment as governor of Massachusetts in March 1757. Although he was admired for his competence in colonial affairs, he was also criticised for his vanity and temper, as well as his role in bringing about Shirley's fall.

773:. The historian Bernard Bailyn is of the opinion that Pownall's divisive dislike and distrust of Shirley supporters like Thomas Hutchinson and ensuing local political infighting contributed to the request, as did his difficult relationships with the military commanders. 1059:

about ancient finds in and around Lincoln, and Thomas Pownall's brother John was also a writer on archaeological subjects. Pownall was already demonstrating his interest in archaeology before he left for America, when, in 1752, he recorded evidence for a Roman villa at

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bill was unpopular, and Pownall was negatively cast in the local press as supportive of Loudoun and his policies. Pownall's exchanges with Loudoun, however, show that he was keenly aware of the colonists' position: "the inhabitants of this province are intitled to the

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Although he held the governorship of South Carolina, he never actually went there. He characterised his term in Massachusetts as "arduous" and informed the colonial office in November 1760 that he would accept another governorship only if the recently-acceded King

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services. He successfully finessed contentious issues surrounding the recruitment, deployment, and provisioning of militia by negotiating compromises between military and provincial demands. He, however, had a strained relationship with his lieutenant governor,

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in July 1755) over the management of Indian affairs. Johnson capitalized on Pownall's concern over frontier security to draw him into his camp. Pownall already harboured some dislike of Shirley over an earlier snub, and his reports to New York Governor Sir

815:. First published anonymously in 1764, Pownall revised the work and republished the work several times between 1765 and 1777. The work, a dry and complex treatise on the situation in North America that included commentary on the burgeoning tensions in the 891:

observed with alarm the rise in tension in the colonies and the missteps of parliamentary leadership and colonial administration that exacerbated, rather than reduced, them. He used his position in Parliament to highlight the colonial objections to the

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A gracious and intelligent woman, she became a partner in advancing his political career, hosting social events and encouraging his intellectual pursuits. She may have encouraged him to stand for Parliament in 1767, when he won a seat representing

471:, where he graduated in 1743. His education exposed him to classic and current philosophers, and the sciences. His first publication, a treatise on the origins of government published in 1752, began as notes developed at Cambridge. 1172:, in which he advanced the argument that Pownall was Junius; this argument was again raised by Pownall descendant Charles A. W. Pownall in his 1908 biography of Pownall. Modern scholars dispute the notion, currently favouring 1236: 784:

and permission first to take leave in England. His departure from Boston was delayed by militia-recruiting issues and the need to deal with the aftermath of a major fire in the city, and he did not leave until June 1760.

682:... the enjoyment of these rights... will animate and encourage them to resist... a cruel, invading enemy." He was equally clear on the relationship between the royal governor and his assembly: "a governor must endeavour 638:, in northern New York, and the military commander there had made an urgent call for militia. Pownall was energetic in organizing the militia, but the call to arms came too late, since Fort William Henry fell after a 551:. The map Evans published in 1755 was dedicated to Pownall, and brought the latter wide publicity. Pownall's recommendation of William Johnson as superintendent of Indian affairs was implemented by the crown in 1755. 4193: 4188: 740:

in spring 1758. The idea developed into a major expedition to the area, which received not only Amherst's approval but also the assembly's. Pownall led the expedition, oversaw the construction of

910:. Dispirited by his view that Parliament failed to understand the American colonial issues, he urged his colonial correspondents to continue to press constitutional issues and to avoid violence. 368: 459:

and his wife. His father was a country gentleman and soldier whose poor health and early death in 1735 caused the family to fall upon hard times. Baptised 4 September 1722 (New Style) in

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had turned violent, he took to the floor of Parliament to warn that the connections between Britain and the colonies were unraveling and that the end result could be a permanent breach.

951:. The apparent turn towards Toryism alarmed a number of Pownall's colonial supporters; there is also some evidence that North may have engineered Pownall's defeat to gain his support. 535:, New York's commissioner for Indian affairs who was highly influential with the Iroquois nations. He also articulated visions for managing the expansion of the colonies to the west. 634:

in early August 1757. He was well received and assumed his duties on 3 August. He was immediately thrust into a war-related crisis. A French force was reported to be moving toward

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Returning to England in 1760, Pownall continued to be interested in colonial affairs, publishing widely read materials on conditions in the colonies, including several editions of

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ended in 1763. The position did not further his career ambitions in colonial administration, however, and led to allegations of financial irregularities of which he was cleared.

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Waters, John; Schutz, John (October 1967). "Patterns of Massachusetts Colonial Politics: The Writs of Assistance and the Rivalry between the Otis and Hutchinson Families".

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Stewart Baldwin, "The English Ancestry of George Pownall of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, with Notes on Thomas Pownall, Governor of Massachusetts Bay and South Carolina",

499:. He was introduced into the highest circles of leadership and society in the colonies, and established relationships with a number of influential people, including 4203: 697:". He was so committed to his ideas that he offered to resign, but Loudoun encouraged him to remain in the post. Pownall would later author portions of the 1765 856:

by extending his colonial property interests beyond those he had been granted in Maine during his governorship. In 1765, he married Harriet Fawkener, widow of

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actions of the later war years, which was possibly compounded br his desire to acquire a more significant post, such as a governor-generalship of the conquered

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prerogatives. The bill passed the next year and was called "Governor Pownall's Bill". It received much praise, including some from influential figures such as

1006:. The widely published document gained Pownall attention throughout Europe; the anonymity of its author was compromised by the use of extended passages from 570:

Pownall had been living at his own expense, in the hopes that a posting would eventually come his way. In May 1755 he was appointed Lieutenant Governor of

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While Thomas Pownall is well known as an American colonial governor and an English politician, he was also an important figure in the late-18th-century

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writings, although the exact nature of his influence is unclear. While in Philadelphia Pownall also established a close collaboration with cartographer

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to contest potential French movements in the area. The area had been the site of periodic frontier raids since 1755, including a major attack on

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and part of Pennsylvania). Pownall had studied the matter, and he was consequently invited by his Pennsylvania connections to attend the 1754

4168: 2451: 209: 406:, Pownall first travelled to North America in 1753. He spent two years exploring the colonies before being appointed Lieutenant Governor of 4158: 175: 4163: 4052: 719:

Order by Pownall authorizing Lieutenant Colonel John Hawke to beat his drum for enlistments for regiment for the invasion of Canada, 1758

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designed to punish Massachusetts. Pownall was unable to sway opinion toward more conciliatory measures. He was also implicated in the

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to outline the difficult issues surrounding relations between the colonial government and the military and civil administrations of the

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wrote, "Pownall was the most constitutional and national Governor, in my opinion, who ever represented the crown in this province."

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Pownall, p. 324; Charles Pownall advances his case that Thomas Pownall is Junius in chapter 12 of his biography (pp. 308ff).

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revisions to older ones) and published an updated version of his 1755 map. In his later years, Pownall was introduced to

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coast. He was to follow this with descriptions of Roman remains in France when he was living there, and, on moving to

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Thomas Pownall, British Defender of American Liberty; a Study of Anglo-American Relations in the Eighteenth Century

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and abuse of power on the part of British government officials, subjects Pownall also spoke and wrote about.

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of 1765 and other unpopular legislation. When troops were sent to Boston in 1768 after protests against the

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in 1755. He became governor of Massachusetts in 1757 after helping engineer the recall of longtime Governor

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singled out his centralized plan of legislative reform for particular criticism in Dickinson's influential

819:, was intended by Pownall to explore how the colonies could properly be incorporated into a larger empire. 758: 257: 2473: 1173: 1077:. Some of his writings describe discoveries around Lincoln. But more importantly he wrote more widely on 958: 903: 865: 669: 639: 607: 3872: 3727: 969: 781: 777: 468: 396: 356: 3737: 3004: 2805: 2793: 2609: 943: 749: 744:

and counted it as a major success of the year. Its success kicked off a minor land rush in the area.

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has since been the subject of contemporary and historical debate. In 1854 Frederick Griffin wrote

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Governor Osborn had been instructed particularly to deal with the rising discontent among the six

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Everson P., (1980), "Thomas 'Governor' Pownall and the Roman Villa at Glentworth, Lincolnshire",

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Whatever the reason, the Board of Trade engaged in a reshuffling of colonial positions after

709: 548: 415: 143: 1203: 387:– 25 February 1805) was a British colonial official and politician. He was governor of the 4183: 4178: 3923: 3817: 3812: 3787: 3272: 3262: 2545: 2493: 1015: 991: 839: 679: 492: 8: 3832: 3802: 3777: 3177: 3130: 968:

Pownall supported North's attempts at reconciliation in debates leading to the start the

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Thomas Pownall was the eldest son of William and Sarah (Burniston) Pownall, daughter of

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earned him approbation from Pitt; the Board of Trade; and the new commander-in-chief,

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nations whose territory abutted New York (and is encompassed by central and western

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directly ordered it. Pitt appointed him to the military commissary's office in the

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from 1767 to 1780. He travelled widely in the North American colonies prior to the

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establishment of a crown-appointed superintendent of Indian affairs, specifically

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Bowyer, T. H (Autumn 1995). "Junius, Philip Francis and Parliamentary Reform".

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Thomas Pownall, Governor of Massachusetts Bay, Author of the Letters of Junius

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was once named Pownalborough in his honour; this recognition survives in the

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Upon his return to England he prepared for publication a treatise entitled

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Pownall married twice. His first wife was Harriet Churchill, widow of Sir

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Classically educated and well-connected to the colonial administration in

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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall

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that was followed by some of the worst atrocities by Indians of the war.

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Empire and liberty: American Resistance to British Authority, 1755–1763

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in 1770, and he contributed extensively to early issues of the journal

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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

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Between 1769 and 1772, a series of letters was published in London's

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was unseated as Massachusetts governor in part by Pownall's actions.

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American States of Nature - The Origins of Independence, 1761-1775

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as the writer of the letters based on several lines of evidence.

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Thomas Pownall, M. P., F. R. S., governor of Massachusetts Bay

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A Memorial Most Humbly Addressed to the Sovereigns of Europe

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In July 1780, Pownall anonymously published an essay titled

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Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies

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who secured a seat for him in a by-election, representing

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During the war years, he published several revisions to

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During Thomas's years at Cambridge, his younger brother

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on 25 February 1805 and was interred in the church at

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Pownall had a sometimes-contentious relationship with

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Lincolnshire Architectural and Archaeological Society

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he again provided descriptions of Roman discoveries.

788: 665:and stopped in New York to meet with Lord Loudoun. 554: 918:. Pownall was also honoured with membership in the 886:

was a friend and frequent correspondent of Pownall.

2346: 728:. Flush with success, Pownall proposed to General 704:In January 1758, Pownall wrote several letters to 2403: 2044:Hunt R.W. (1962), "William Pownall, Antiquarian" 864:. That gave him a connection to the aristocratic 266:Lieutenant Governor of the Province of New Jersey 4150: 2322:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2271:Twelve Thousand Years: American Indians in Maine 1714: 1712: 1336: 1334: 1160:. Many of the letters contained accusations of 1109:and illegitimate daughter of Lieutenant General 780:died, and Pownall was given the governorship of 625: 4204:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London 868:. Pownall raised her four children as his own. 690:them and must lead them step by step as he can 2608: 4060: 3410: 2594: 2452:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 2274:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1709: 1331: 391:from 1757 to 1760, and afterwards sat in the 210:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 2410:A Description of the Sepulchral Monument of 2373: 3424: 2382:(Third Series, Volume 4, No. 24): 543–567. 2245:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2112:. Dresden, ME: Jennie and Eleanor Everson. 1067:After his return from America, he became a 1042:, erected by Thomas's brother John in 1790. 618:of the state of affairs in North America. 414:. His administration was dominated by the 4067: 4053: 3417: 3403: 2601: 2587: 1202:Pownall, Charles Assheton Whately (1805). 668:The commander-in-chief was upset that the 176:Governor of the Province of South Carolina 38: 4219:People educated at Lincoln Grammar School 2157: 2155: 2153: 1208:. H. Stevens, son & Stiles. p. 2 1156:, written by someone using the pseudonym 1038:Monument to William and Sarah Pownall in 1306: 1304: 1235: 1033: 986: 953: 878: 714: 644: 597: 558: 509: 446: 278:13 May 1755 – 23 September 1757 2296: 2267: 1702: 1700: 1636: 1634: 1201: 680:natural rights of English born subjects 657:In September 1757 Pownall travelled to 4151: 2344: 2315: 2238: 2161: 2150: 2133:"National Register Information System" 938:in December 1773, Parliament passed a 4048: 3398: 2582: 2218: 2107: 1301: 846: 834:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 4169:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge 2303:. Henry Stevens, Sons & Stiles. 2138:National Register of Historic Places 2125: 2059:Lincolnshire History and Archaeology 1989: 1730: 1697: 1631: 1100: 1069:Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries 222:3 August 1757 – 3 June 1760 190:Resigned having never assumed office 4159:Colonial governors of Massachusetts 1055:. His father had corresponded with 860:and daughter to Lieutenant General 732:the idea of establishing a fort on 13: 4164:Lieutenant governors of New Jersey 4076:Lieutenant governors of New Jersey 2224:The Works of John Adams, Volume 10 977:The Administration of the Colonies 813:The Administration of the Colonies 790:The Administration of the Colonies 661:to attend the funeral of Governor 651:John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun 427:The Administration of the Colonies 14: 4230: 555:Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey 4107: 3450: 2733: 2441:Massachusetts Governor's Council 2424:Vol 2, (1773), pp. 236–276 1124:are named after Thomas Pownall. 366: 245:Massachusetts Governor's Council 2242:The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson 2199: 2190: 2101: 2092: 2073: 2064: 2051: 2038: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1980: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1784: 1770: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1721: 1688: 1679: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1622: 1613: 1604: 1595: 1586: 1577: 1568: 1559: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1433: 1424: 1415: 1406: 1397: 1388: 1379: 1370: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1322: 1313: 1292: 474: 2404:Publications by Thomas Pownall 2376:The William and Mary Quarterly 2297:Pownall, Charles A. W (1908). 2070:"Archaeologia", Vol. 2, 236-75 1765:Administration of the Colonies 1283: 1274: 1265: 1256: 1247: 1229: 1220: 1195: 1186: 1008:Administration of the Colonies 840:Rights of the British Colonies 451:Coat of Arms of Thomas Pownall 1: 3385:indicate acting officeholders 2212: 982: 929: 626:Governor of Massachusetts Bay 514:The Evans-Pownall map of 1755 442: 389:Province of Massachusetts Bay 4199:Fellows of the Royal Society 2456:3 August 1757 – 3 June 1760 1029: 804:, where he served until the 7: 2474:Parliament of Great Britain 2035:, Antiquity, Vol 48, 116-25 1241:A Cambridge Alumni Database 1237:"Thomas Pownall (PWNL739T)" 686:those people for he cannot 670:Massachusetts General Court 503:and Massachusetts Governor 10: 4235: 2610:Governors of Massachusetts 1243:. University of Cambridge. 1143: 970:American Revolutionary War 469:Trinity College, Cambridge 397:American Revolutionary War 357:Trinity College, Cambridge 18: 4116: 4105: 4082: 4029: 3689: 3557: 3535: 3497: 3459: 3448: 3432: 3378: 2940: 2774: 2742: 2731: 2616: 2563: 2543: 2531: 2517: 2491: 2479: 2472: 2458: 2449: 2437: 2432: 2226:. Boston: Little, Brown. 2110:History of Dresden, Maine 1745:Schutz, pp. 181, 194, 293 1694:Waters and Schutz, p. 557 1685:Waters and Schutz, p. 556 1139: 944:Hutchinson letters affair 602:Pownall's drawing of the 463:, Thomas was educated at 374: 362: 350: 342: 325: 320: 316: 304: 292: 282: 271: 264: 251: 238: 226: 215: 207: 195: 181: 174: 162: 150: 129: 110: 98: 86: 69: 50: 46: 37: 30: 16:British colonial official 4174:People from Lincolnshire 2239:Bailyn, Bernard (1974). 2108:Allen, Charles (1977) . 2087:The American Genealogist 2082:The American Genealogist 1179: 1130:Pownalborough Courthouse 383:(bapt. 4 September 1722 114:Great Britain Parliament 54:Great Britain Parliament 3537:Dominion of New England 3426:Governors of New Jersey 2567:Francis Fownes Luttrell 2359:2027/mdp.39015027048787 2268:Bourque, Bruce (2001). 1767:, 4th edn, 1768, p. 174 1081:in Ireland in 1773 and 902:Pownall was opposed to 616:Pitt-Newcastle Ministry 105:Francis Fownes-Luttrell 21:Thomas Pownall Boultbee 2418:Society of Antiquaries 1166:The identity of Junius 1043: 999: 965: 920:Society of Antiquaries 887: 720: 706:William Pitt the Elder 654: 610: 567: 515: 483:acquired a job at the 465:Lincoln Grammar School 452: 4214:British MPs 1774–1780 4209:British MPs 1768–1774 2535:Henry Fownes Luttrell 2345:Schutz, John (1951). 2316:Rogers, Alan (1974). 2147:, reference #70000052 2143:National Park Service 1280:Pownall, pp. 5, 41–42 1134:Fort Point State Park 1037: 990: 957: 882: 802:Electorate of Hanover 718: 710:British establishment 648: 601: 562: 549:French and Indian War 513: 450: 416:French and Indian War 188:1760 – 1760, 138:Serving with 93:Henry Fownes-Luttrell 78:Serving with 4086:1702–1710; 1755–1757 3434:Proprietary Province 2571:John Fownes Luttrell 2559:John Fownes Luttrell 2546:Member of Parliament 2539:John Fownes Luttrell 2494:Member of Parliament 2196:Pownall, pp. 336–337 1727:Schutz, pp. 182, 197 1619:Bourque, pp. 200–203 1016:Francisco de Miranda 996:Martín Tovar y Tovar 992:Francisco de Miranda 866:Dukes of Marlborough 748:ventures managed by 80:John Fownes-Luttrell 19:For the divine, see 2420:, 21/28 June 1770. 2098:Schutz, pp. 265–268 2013:Schutz, pp. 284–285 2004:Schutz, pp. 282–283 1977:Schutz, pp. 257–260 1950:Schutz, pp. 255–256 1896:Schutz, pp. 234–236 1887:Schutz, pp. 230–232 1878:Schutz, pp. 228–229 1860:Schutz, pp. 219–220 1754:Schutz, pp. 182–194 1676:Schutz, pp. 162–166 1649:Schutz, pp. 155–156 1583:Schutz, pp. 121–123 1565:Schutz, pp. 118–119 1538:Schutz, pp. 116–117 1502:Schutz, pp. 109–110 1493:Schutz, pp. 105–108 837:(1768). and Otis's 630:Pownall arrived in 2994:Governor's Council 2904:Governor's Council 2825:Governor's Council 2813:Governor's Council 2521:George Lane Parker 2433:Political offices 2089:, 77(2002):190–94. 2048:Vol.9 pt2, 158-163 1628:Schutz, p. 166–172 1146:Identity of Junius 1044: 1000: 966: 888: 847:Colonial supporter 721: 655: 636:Fort William Henry 611: 568: 516: 489:Sir Danvers Osborn 453: 169:George Lane Parker 4146: 4145: 4042: 4041: 3567:Viscount Cornbury 3392: 3391: 2577: 2576: 2564:Succeeded by 2554:1774–1780 2518:Succeeded by 2502:1767–1774 2483:William Trevanion 2467: 2462:Thomas Hutchinson 2459:Succeeded by 2446: 2329:978-0-520-02275-1 2281:978-0-8032-1310-4 2252:978-0-674-64160-0 1520:Rogers, pp. 86–87 1484:Schutz, pp. 89–96 1475:Schutz, pp. 85–87 1457:Schutz, pp. 78–83 1439:Schutz, pp. 74–78 1421:Schutz, pp. 69–70 1412:Schutz, pp. 68–69 1403:Schutz, pp. 60–67 1328:Schutz, pp. 43–44 1310:Schutz, pp. 41–48 1298:Schutz, pp. 37–38 1289:Schutz, pp. 34–35 1271:Schutz, pp. 21–22 1253:Schutz, pp. 26–28 1226:Schutz, pp. 18–19 1153:Public Advertiser 1111:Charles Churchill 1101:Family and legacy 1053:Lincoln Cathedral 1040:Lincoln Cathedral 884:Benjamin Franklin 862:Charles Churchill 817:Thirteen Colonies 759:Thomas Hutchinson 726:James Abercrombie 501:Benjamin Franklin 378: 377: 258:Thomas Hutchinson 157:William Trevanion 4226: 4121: 4111: 4110: 4087: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4046: 4045: 4034:N.J.S.A. 52:15-5 3728:W. S. Pennington 3696: 3542: 3454: 3453: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3396: 3395: 2946: 2780: 2748: 2737: 2736: 2622: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2532:Preceded by 2480:Preceded by 2465: 2444: 2438:Preceded by 2430: 2429: 2399: 2370: 2352: 2341: 2312: 2293: 2264: 2235: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2159: 2148: 2146: 2145:. 13 March 2009. 2129: 2123: 2121: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2036: 2033:Governor Pownall 2031:Orme B., (1974) 2029: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1768: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1707: 1704: 1695: 1692: 1686: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1641: 1638: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1617: 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140:Sir Abraham Hume 134: 116: 101: 89: 74: 56: 42: 28: 27: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4085: 4084: 4078: 4073: 4043: 4038: 4025: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3621:Lord De La Warr 3559:Royal governors 3553: 3540: 3539: 3531: 3499:West New Jersey 3493: 3461:East New Jersey 3455: 3451: 3446: 3428: 3423: 3393: 3388: 3374: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2573: 2569: 2555: 2553: 2541: 2537: 2527: 2525:Alexander Leith 2523: 2510: 2503: 2501: 2489: 2485: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2406: 2388:10.2307/1919470 2330: 2282: 2253: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2176:10.2307/4051735 2160: 2151: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914:Pownall, p. 264 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1710: 1705: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1211: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1148: 1142: 1122:Pownal, Vermont 1103: 1032: 985: 963:Nathaniel Dance 940:series of bills 932: 908:Boston Massacre 849: 793: 730:Jeffery Amherst 628: 580:Edward Braddock 564:William Shirley 557: 533:William Johnson 528:Albany Congress 505:William Shirley 477: 445: 412:William Shirley 334: 330: 305: 293: 277: 272: 252: 239: 227: 221: 216: 196: 187: 182: 163: 151: 146: 135: 130: 117: 112: 99: 87: 82: 75: 70: 57: 52: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4232: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4122: 4114: 4113: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 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Read at the 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2371: 2342: 2328: 2313: 2294: 2280: 2265: 2251: 2236: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2170:(3): 397–418. 2149: 2124: 2100: 2091: 2072: 2063: 2061:, Vol.15. 9-14 2050: 2037: 2024: 2022:Schutz, p. 286 2015: 2006: 1997: 1995:Schutz, p. 265 1988: 1986:Schutz, p. 264 1979: 1970: 1968:Schutz, p. 252 1961: 1959:Schutz, p. 244 1952: 1943: 1941:Schutz, p. 254 1934: 1932:Schutz, p. 242 1925: 1923:Schutz, p. 241 1916: 1907: 1905:Schutz, p. 237 1898: 1889: 1880: 1871: 1869:Schutz, p. 226 1862: 1853: 1851:Schutz, p. 213 1844: 1842:Schutz, p. 203 1835: 1833:Schutz, p. 202 1826: 1824:Schutz, p. 200 1817: 1815:Schutz, p. 199 1808: 1806:Schutz, p. 198 1799: 1783: 1769: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1736:Schutz, p. 197 1729: 1720: 1708: 1706:Schutz, p. 175 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1667:Schutz, p. 157 1660: 1658:Schutz, p. 154 1651: 1642: 1640:Schutz, p. 174 1630: 1621: 1612: 1610:Schutz, p. 152 1603: 1601:Schutz, p. 151 1594: 1592:Schutz, p. 130 1585: 1576: 1574:Schutz, p. 128 1567: 1558: 1549: 1547:Schutz, p. 117 1540: 1531: 1529:Schutz, p. 116 1522: 1513: 1511:Schutz, p. 115 1504: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1432: 1423: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1387: 1378: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1342: 1330: 1321: 1312: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1273: 1264: 1255: 1246: 1228: 1219: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1174:Philip Francis 1144:Main article: 1141: 1138: 1126:Dresden, Maine 1102: 1099: 1083:Braich-y-Dinas 1031: 1028: 984: 981: 961:, portrait by 934:Following the 931: 928: 897:Townshend Acts 893:Quartering Act 848: 845: 829:John Dickinson 825:James Otis Jr. 792: 787: 782:South Carolina 778:King George II 763:James Otis Sr. 699:Quartering Act 627: 624: 556: 553: 485:Board of Trade 476: 473: 457:John Burniston 444: 441: 381:Thomas Pownall 376: 375: 372: 371: 364: 360: 359: 354: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 336:Bath, Somerset 333:(aged 82) 327: 323: 322: 318: 317: 314: 313: 308: 302: 301: 299:Office created 296: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 269: 268: 262: 261: 255: 249: 248: 242: 236: 235: 233:Lords of Trade 230: 224: 223: 213: 212: 205: 204: 202:Lords of Trade 199: 193: 192: 179: 178: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 137: 127: 126: 111:Member of the 108: 107: 102: 96: 95: 90: 84: 83: 77: 67: 66: 51:Member of the 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 32:Thomas Pownall 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4231: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4083:Colonial era 4081: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3768:W. Pennington 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 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Dickerson 3733:M. Dickerson 3695:(since 1776) 3653: 3382: 3347: 3135: 3058: 3041: 3009: 2992: 2985: 2958: 2945:(since 1776) 2914: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2883: 2866: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2804: 2792: 2557: 2544: 2507:Abraham Hume 2505: 2492: 2487:Abraham Hume 2450: 2422:Archaeologia 2409: 2379: 2375: 2348: 2318: 2299: 2270: 2241: 2223: 2201: 2192: 2167: 2163: 2136: 2127: 2109: 2103: 2094: 2086: 2080: 2075: 2066: 2058: 2053: 2045: 2040: 2032: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1792: 1786: 1772: 1764: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1624: 1615: 1606: 1597: 1588: 1579: 1570: 1561: 1552: 1543: 1534: 1525: 1516: 1507: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1462: 1453: 1444: 1435: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1399: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1363: 1354: 1345: 1324: 1315: 1294: 1285: 1276: 1267: 1258: 1249: 1240: 1231: 1222: 1210:. 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Washburn 3049:Lincoln Jr. 3011:Lincoln Sr. 2779:(1692–1776) 2747:(1686–1689) 2621:(1629–1686) 2220:Adams, John 1091:North Wales 1087:Penmaenmawr 1048:antiquarian 854:Nova Scotia 640:brief siege 608:Great Falls 541:Lewis Evans 294:Preceded by 240:Preceded by 152:Preceded by 88:Preceded by 4153:Categories 4094:Ingoldesby 3883:J. F. Fort 3788:G. F. Fort 3738:Williamson 3718:Bloomfield 3703:Livingston 3656:(Lt. Gov.) 3579:(Lt. Gov.) 3577:Ingoldesby 3188:Greenhalge 2927:Hutchinson 2916:Hutchinson 2766:Bradstreet 2725:Bradstreet 2715:Bellingham 2705:Bellingham 2665:Bellingham 2412:New Grange 2213:References 1212:14 October 1162:corruption 1079:New Grange 1062:Glentworth 1051:surrounds 983:Later life 959:Lord North 930:Revolution 916:Adam Smith 904:Lord North 798:George III 771:New France 738:St. George 659:New Jersey 572:New Jersey 545:New France 443:Early life 437:John Adams 408:New Jersey 352:Alma mater 4021:P. Murphy 4000:McGreevey 3873:F. Murphy 3833:McClellan 3541:(1688–89) 3060:Armstrong 2831:J. Dudley 2819:J. Dudley 2806:Stoughton 2800:Bellomont 2794:Stoughton 2776:Province 2756:J. Dudley 2744:Dominion 2695:T. Dudley 2680:T. Dudley 2660:T. Dudley 2640:T. Dudley 2512:John Grey 2367:296382778 2309:317572928 1763:Pownall, 1089:, on the 1030:Antiquary 363:Signature 338:, England 274:In office 218:In office 208:10th 184:In office 144:John Grey 136:1767–1774 132:In office 76:1774–1780 72:In office 4128:Guadagno 4032:* Under 4016:Christie 3954:Driscoll 3868:Voorhees 3818:Randolph 3778:Stratton 3748:Southard 3708:Paterson 3681:Franklin 3662:(acting) 3650:(acting) 3639:(acting) 3633:(acting) 3631:Hamilton 3617:(acting) 3615:Hamilton 3611:(acting) 3609:Anderson 3600:(acting) 3527:Hamilton 3517:Hamilton 3507:Byllynge 3489:Hamilton 3479:Hamilton 3469:Carteret 3442:Carteret 3343:Cellucci 3283:Bradford 3238:Coolidge 3178:Brackett 3168:Robinson 3096:Clifford 3091:Boutwell 3005:Sullivan 2897:S. Phips 2885:S. Phips 2788:W. Phips 2720:Leverett 2710:Endecott 2700:Endecott 2690:Endecott 2685:Winthrop 2675:Endecott 2670:Winthrop 2655:Winthrop 2635:Winthrop 2630:Endecott 2550:Minehead 2514:1768–74 2466:(acting) 2445:(acting) 2290:44860928 2232:64221253 2222:(1856). 949:Minehead 922:and the 675:billeted 520:Iroquois 493:Maryland 283:Governor 260:(acting) 247:(acting) 124:Cornwall 64:Somerset 60:Minehead 4099:Pownall 4011:Corzine 3989:Whitman 3934:Hoffman 3909:Edwards 3893:Fielder 3666:Bernard 3660:Reading 3654:Pownall 3648:Reading 3643:Belcher 3637:Reading 3474:Barclay 3383:Italics 3360:Patrick 3333:Dukakis 3323:Dukakis 3318:Sargent 3308:Peabody 3298:Furcolo 3208:Douglas 3193:Wolcott 3183:Russell 3126:Claflin 3121:Bullock 3106:Gardner 3066:Everett 2971:Hancock 2966:Bowdoin 2960:Cushing 2954:Hancock 2922:Bernard 2910:Pownall 2891:Shirley 2879:Shirley 2874:Belcher 2618:Colony 2509:1767–68 2498:Tregony 2396:1919470 2338:1229325 2261:6825524 2184:4051735 2118:4042151 874:Tregony 695:footing 684:to lead 547:in the 467:and at 120:Tregony 4133:Oliver 3984:Florio 3969:Cahill 3964:Hughes 3959:Meyner 3944:Edison 3924:Larson 3914:Silzer 3903:Runyon 3888:Wilson 3878:Stokes 3863:Griggs 3853:Abbett 3843:Abbett 3838:Ludlow 3823:Parker 3808:Parker 3798:Newell 3783:Haines 3773:Haines 3753:Seeley 3713:Howell 3626:Morris 3598:Morris 3588:Burnet 3583:Hunter 3549:Andros 3370:Healey 3355:Romney 3293:Herter 3268:Hurley 3263:Curley 3248:Fuller 3233:McCall 3218:Draper 3163:Butler 3153:Talbot 3143:Gaston 3137:Talbot 3116:Andrew 3086:Briggs 3081:Morton 3071:Morton 3043:Morton 3037:Eustis 3032:Brooks 3027:Strong 3000:Strong 2981:Sumner 2868:Tailer 2861:Dummer 2855:Burnet 2849:Dummer 2837:Tailer 2761:Andros 2645:Haynes 2556:With: 2504:With: 2394: 2365: 2336: 2326: 2307: 2288: 2278: 2259: 2249: 2230: 2182: 2122:p. 265 2116: 1158:Junius 1140:Junius 1024:Walcot 750:Thomas 632:Boston 431:Junius 404:London 343:Spouse 4005:Codey 3974:Byrne 3939:Moore 3929:Moore 3919:Moore 3858:Werts 3848:Green 3828:Bedle 3803:Olden 3793:Price 3758:Vroom 3743:Vroom 3723:Ogden 3691:State 3676:Hardy 3671:Boone 3604:Cosby 3522:Basse 3484:Basse 3365:Baker 3349:Swift 3313:Volpe 3303:Volpe 3288:Dever 3278:Tobin 3253:Allen 3228:Walsh 3213:Guild 3203:Bates 3198:Crane 3111:Banks 3076:Davis 3054:Davis 3022:Gerry 2976:Adams 2843:Shute 2392:JSTOR 2180:JSTOR 1180:Notes 692:gett 688:drive 418:(the 3979:Kean 3949:Edge 3898:Edge 3813:Ward 3512:Coxe 3338:Weld 3328:King 3223:Foss 3173:Ames 3158:Long 3148:Rice 3017:Gore 2987:Gill 2932:Gage 2650:Vane 2548:for 2496:for 2363:OCLC 2334:OCLC 2324:ISBN 2305:OCLC 2286:OCLC 2276:ISBN 2257:OCLC 2247:ISBN 2228:OCLC 2114:OCLC 1214:2017 1120:and 1095:Bath 1020:Bath 827:and 752:and 481:John 385:N.S. 326:Died 142:and 118:for 58:for 4138:Way 3258:Ely 3243:Cox 2384:doi 2355:hdl 2172:doi 1085:at 606:'s 495:to 4155:: 2390:. 2380:24 2378:. 2361:. 2332:. 2284:. 2255:. 2178:. 2168:27 2166:. 2152:^ 2141:. 2135:. 1711:^ 1699:^ 1633:^ 1333:^ 1303:^ 1239:. 1136:. 1026:. 926:. 876:. 843:. 591:. 507:. 122:, 62:, 4068:e 4061:t 4054:v 4007:* 3996:* 3905:* 3418:e 3411:t 3404:v 2602:e 2595:t 2588:v 2398:. 2386:: 2369:. 2357:: 2340:. 2311:. 2292:. 2263:. 2234:. 2186:. 2174:: 2120:. 1796:. 1780:. 1216:. 998:) 653:. 23:.

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Index