680:"2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine"
56:
37:
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265:
119:
106:
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171:
Hypertension and cigarette smoking are the most important risk factors, though the importance of genetic factors has been increasingly recognized. Approximately 10 percent of patients may have other family members who have aortic aneurysms. It is also important to note that individuals with a history
309:
The size cut off for aortic aneurysm is crucial to its treatment. A thoracic aorta greater than 4.5 cm is generally defined as aneurysmal, while a size greater than 5.5 cm is the distinction for treatment, which can be either endovascular or surgical, with the former reserved for pathology
154:
or congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Younger patients may develop aortic aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta after an aortic dissection. It can also be caused by blunt injury. Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of descending aortic aneurysms, while aneurysms of the aortic arch may be due to
341:
Each year in the United States, some 45,000 people die from diseases of the aorta and its branches. Acute aortic dissection, a life-threatening event due to a tear in the aortic wall, affects 5 to 10 patients per million population each year, most often men between the ages of 50 and 70; of those
760:
Czerny, M; Schmidli, J; Adler, S; van den Berg, JC; Bertoglio, L; Carrel, T; Chiesa, R; Clough, RE; Eberle, B; Etz, C; Grabenwöger, M; Haulon, S; Jakob, H; Kari, FA; Mestres, CA; Pacini, D; Resch, T; Rylski, B; Schoenhoff, F; Shrestha, M; von Tengg-Kobligk, H; Tsagakis, K; Wyss, TR; Document,
270:
268:
332:
means. Open surgical repair remains the gold standard for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm treatment, particularly in patients with connective tissues disease. Rates of postoperative spinal cord ischaemia can be kept at low levels after open surgical repair with the adequate precautions and
269:
763:"Editor's Choice - Current Options and Recommendations for the Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Pathologies Involving the Aortic Arch: An Expert Consensus Document of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) & the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)"
80:
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is the "ballooning" of the upper aspect of the aorta, above the diaphragm. Untreated or unrecognized they can be fatal due to dissection or "popping" of the aneurysm leading to nearly instant death. Thoracic aneurysms are less common than an
267:
602:
Wolak, Arik; Gransar, Heidi; Thomson, Louise E.J.; Friedman, John D.; Hachamovitch, Rory; Gutstein, Ariel; Shaw, Leslee J.; Polk, Donna; Wong, Nathan D.; Saouaf, Rola; Hayes, Sean W.; Rozanski, Alan; Slomka, Piotr J.; Germano, Guido; Berman, Daniel S. (2008).
951:
932:
836:
Sef, D; Thet, MS; Miskolczi, S; Velissaris, T; De Silva, R; Luthra, S; Turina, MI (1 June 2023). "Perioperative neuromonitoring during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair: a systematic review".
278:
Guidelines were issued in March 2010 for early detection of thoracic aortic disease, by the
American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and other groups. Among the recommendations:
146:
There are a number of causes, Aneurysms in patients younger than 40 usually involve the ascending aorta due to a weakening of the aortic wall associated with connective tissue disorders like the
266:
285:
People with symptoms suggestive of thoracic aortic dissection should be routinely evaluated "to establish a pretest risk of disease that can then be used to guide diagnostic decisions."
209:
A diameter of 3.5 cm is generally considered dilated. However, average values vary with age and size of the reference population, as well as different segments of the aorta.
89:
is more likely to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm than an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This condition is commonly treated via a specialized multidisciplinary approach with both
342:
that occur in women younger than 40, nearly half arise during pregnancy. The majority of these deaths occur as a result of complications of thoracic aneurysmal disease
288:
People diagnosed with Marfan syndrome should immediately have an echocardiogram to measure the aorta and followed up six months later to check for aortic enlargement.
761:
Reviewers; Chakfe, N; Debus, S; de Borst, GJ; Di
Bartolomeo, R; Lindholt, JS; Ma, WG; Suwalski, P; Vermassen, F; Wahba, A; Wyler von Ballmoos, MC (February 2019).
122:
Contrast enhanced CT of a ruptured large (7 cm) thoracic aneurysm, with black arrow indicating the aorta, and white arrow blood in the thorax
499:
1050:
282:
First-degree relatives of people with thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection should have aortic imaging to identify asymptomatic disease.
1623:
721:"Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms: results of phase II multicenter trial of the GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis"
547:"Aortic Aneurysm Screening in a High-Risk Population: A Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Study in Korean Males with Hypertension"
1395:
405:
1400:
605:"Aortic Size Assessment by Noncontrast Cardiac Computed Tomography: Normal Limits by Age, Gender, and Body Surface Area"
545:
Cho, In-Jeong; Jang, Sung-Yeol; Chang, Hyuk-Jae; Shin, Sanghoon; Shim, Chi Young; Hong, Geu-Ru; Chung, Namsik (2014).
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1177:
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1036:
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of aneurysms in other parts of the body have a higher chance of developing a thoracic aortic aneurysm.
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55:
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1227:
151:
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1489:
1281:
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Thoracic aortic aneurysm is defined as a cross-sectional diameter exceeding the following
163:
The diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm usually involves patients in their 60s and 70s.
8:
1766:
1533:
1016:
1013:
1010:
955:
384:
325:
86:
519:
424:"Atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm: Cause, response or common risk factors?"
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318:
245:
90:
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Indication for surgery may depend upon the size of the aneurysm. Aneurysms in the
134:. Once rupture occurs, the mortality rate is 50–80%. Most deaths in patients with
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109:
Thoracic aortic aneurysm with arrow marking the lateral border of the aorta
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The principal causes of death due to thoracic aneurysmal disease are
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412:
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placed in the thoracic aorta to treat a thoracic aortic aneurysm.
180:
1068:
936:
759:
118:
74:
811:"Treatment Considerations related to Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm"
719:
Makaroun MS, Dillavou ED, Kee ST, et al. (January 2005).
678:
Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. (April 2010).
360:"Thoracic aortic aneurysm: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
317:
may require surgery at a smaller size than aneurysms in the
105:
1444:
601:
184:
Aorta segments, with thoracic aorta in area marked in green
835:
495:
Thoracic Aortic
Disease - Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
297:
871:
274:
Ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm as seen on ultrasound
872:
Aggarwal, S.; Qamar, A; Sharma, V; Sharma, A (2011).
767:
European
Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
677:
217:
of the thoracic aorta in a United States population:
1058:
914:
874:"Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A comprehensive review"
718:
428:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
1816:
544:
595:
421:
155:dissection, atherosclerosis, or inflammation.
1044:
517:
712:
513:
511:
839:European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
1624:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
1051:
1037:
538:
401:Aneurysms: Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
54:
35:
889:
778:
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620:
578:
508:
447:
296:
263:
179:
117:
104:
1817:
422:Golledge, J.; Norman, P. (June 2010).
1396:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
1032:
406:Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
1401:Generalized essential telangiectasia
878:Experimental and Clinical Cardiology
476:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
13:
653:"UOTW#64 - Ultrasound of the Week"
138:are the result of aortic disease.
14:
1841:
910:
1551:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
113:
865:
829:
803:
753:
671:
645:
336:
166:
100:
73:that presents primarily in the
1502:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
489:
464:
394:
377:
352:
1:
1314:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
1168:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
345:
1619:Chronic venous insufficiency
1244:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
609:JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
518:Bret P Nelson (2015-10-01).
472:"Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms"
292:
259:
175:
7:
1634:Inferior vena cava syndrome
1629:Superior vena cava syndrome
1356:Vertebral artery dissection
1346:Intracranial berry aneurysm
10:
1846:
1735:Hypertensive heart disease
1386:Arteriovenous malformation
1361:Familial aortic dissection
780:10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.016
697:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.015
622:10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.11.005
551:Korean Circulation Journal
440:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.206573
30:Aneurysm - thoracic aortic
1790:
1760:Renovascular hypertension
1725:
1716:
1703:Hepatic artery thrombosis
1651:
1611:
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1443:
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1371:
1351:Carotid artery dissection
1304:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
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1236:
1213:
1154:Intermittent claudication
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1117:Peripheral artery disease
1115:
1085:
1067:
985:
918:
738:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.10.046
563:10.4070/kcj.2014.44.3.162
333:perioperative maneuvers.
310:at the descending aorta.
141:
83:abdominal aortic aneurysm
43:
34:
26:
21:
1745:Hypertensive nephropathy
1558:Post-thrombotic syndrome
1539:Paget–Schroetter disease
1331:Coronary artery aneurysm
1309:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
497:Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
385:Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
215:standard reference range
67:thoracic aortic aneurysm
22:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
1800:Orthostatic hypotension
1782:White coat hypertension
1259:Fibromuscular dysplasia
1223:Carotid artery stenosis
1772:Pulmonary hypertension
1755:Secondary hypertension
1750:Essential hypertension
1740:Hypertensive emergency
1581:Portacaval anastomosis
1517:Portal vein thrombosis
1159:Critical limb ischemia
1060:Cardiovascular disease
657:Ultrasound of the Week
306:
275:
185:
158:
152:Ehler-Danlos syndromes
123:
110:
1825:Diseases of the aorta
1777:Systolic hypertension
1522:Renal vein thrombosis
1381:Arteriovenous fistula
1373:Vascular malformation
1341:Intracranial aneurysm
1228:Renal artery stenosis
851:10.1093/ejcts/ezad221
324:Treatment may be via
300:
273:
183:
121:
108:
1691:Paradoxical embolism
1686:Cholesterol embolism
1512:May–Thurner syndrome
1507:Budd–Chiari syndrome
1490:Deep vein thrombosis
1485:primarily lower limb
1264:Raynaud's phenomenon
684:J. Am. Coll. Cardiol
213:Upper limits of the
1767:Benign hypertension
520:"Thoracic Aneurysm"
218:
196:4.5 cm in the
87:syphilitic aneurysm
1681:Pulmonary embolism
1591:Esophageal varices
1529:upper limb / torso
1173:Arteriolosclerosis
986:External resources
659:. 25 November 2015
502:2012-05-02 at the
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227:Large and elderly
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1830:Vascular diseases
1812:
1811:
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1652:Arteries or veins
1647:
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1472:Venous thrombosis
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1438:
1421:Cherry hemangioma
1321:Aortic dissection
1272:
1271:
1107:Buerger's disease
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1025:
478:. 16 October 2020
271:
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91:vascular surgeons
63:
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16:Medical condition
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1723:
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1534:Mondor's disease
1477:Thrombophlebitis
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1126:Arteriosclerosis
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690:(14): e27–e129.
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434:(6): 1075–1077.
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319:descending aorta
272:
246:Descending aorta
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95:cardiac surgeons
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1669:Microangiopathy
1664:Macroangiopathy
1643:
1607:
1576:Gastric varices
1562:
1475:
1466:
1435:
1407:
1367:
1299:Aortic aneurysm
1285:
1268:
1254:Erythromelalgia
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1134:Atherosclerosis
1111:
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1027:
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364:medlineplus.gov
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315:ascending aorta
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233:Ascending aorta
224:Small and young
202:4.0 cm in
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136:Marfan syndrome
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1431:Spider angioma
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1413:Vascular nevus
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1391:Telangiectasia
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1011:article/761627
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919:Classification
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773:(2): 165–198.
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1727:Hypertension
1639:Venous ulcer
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1454:Inflammation
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1183:Hyperplastic
1144:Fatty streak
1087:Inflammation
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884:(1): 11–15.
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367:. Retrieved
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337:Epidemiology
330:endovascular
323:
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253:3.2 cm
240:4.3 cm
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167:Risk factors
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101:Presentation
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1792:Hypotension
1336:head / neck
1188:Cholesterol
1078:capillaries
995:MedlinePlus
816:Mayo Clinic
303:stent graft
250:2.3 cm
237:3.3 cm
204:South Korea
27:Other names
1819:Categories
1708:Vasculitis
1698:Thrombosis
1659:Angiopathy
1603:Varicocele
1596:Hemorrhoid
1426:Halo nevus
1282:dissection
1073:arterioles
822:2010-10-23
731:(1): 1–9.
531:2017-04-16
482:2021-06-25
346:References
128:dissection
50:Cardiology
1462:Phlebitis
1203:Trans fat
1139:Foam cell
1095:Arteritis
1062:(vessels)
1006:eMedicine
631:1936-878X
571:1738-5520
390:eMedicine
293:Treatment
260:Screening
176:Diagnosis
45:Specialty
1676:Embolism
1278:Aneurysm
1215:Stenosis
1149:Atheroma
1100:Aortitis
1069:Arteries
900:21523201
859:37233116
797:52981551
789:30318395
747:15696036
706:20359588
639:19356429
589:24876857
525:Medscape
500:Archived
458:20484703
1497:abdomen
1178:Hyaline
976:D017545
891:3076160
580:4037638
449:2874982
328:or via
132:rupture
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663:27 May
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369:29 May
190:cutoff
148:Marfan
142:Causes
75:thorax
69:is an
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1612:Other
1445:Veins
1295:torso
1237:Other
965:441.2
961:441.1
946:I71.2
942:I71.1
845:(6).
793:S2CID
1546:head
1076:and
971:MeSH
956:9-CM
896:PMID
855:PMID
785:PMID
743:PMID
702:PMID
665:2017
635:PMID
627:ISSN
585:PMID
567:ISSN
454:PMID
371:2019
326:open
150:and
130:and
93:and
1193:LDL
952:ICD
933:ICD
886:PMC
847:doi
775:doi
733:doi
692:doi
617:doi
575:PMC
559:doi
444:PMC
436:doi
403:at
388:at
159:Age
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