5273:
4058:
2482:
4031:
5069:
5382:
4113:
1254:
5103:
4605:
2199:
4049:
4040:
5213:
3299:
6449:: "In the Consulship of Lentulus Getulicus and Caius Calvisius, the triumphal ensigns were decreed to Poppeus Sabinus for having routed some clans of Thracians, who living wildly on the high mountains, acted thence with the more outrage and contumacy. The ground of their late commotion, not to mention the savage genius of the people, was their scorn and impatience, to have recruits raised amongst them, and all their stoutest men enlisted in our armies; accustomed as they were not even to obey their native kings further than their own humour, nor to aid them with forces but under captains of their own choosing, nor to fight against any enemy but their own borderers."
2657:
6298:, 7.3.3, "Poseidonius goes on to say of the Mysians that in accordance with their religion they abstain from eating any living thing, and therefore from their flocks as well; and that they use as food honey and milk and cheese, living a peaceable life, and for this reason are called both "god-fearing" and "capnobatae"; and there are some of the Thracians who live apart from woman-kind; these are called "Ctistae," and because of the honour in which they are held, have been dedicated to the gods and live with freedom from every fear; accordingly, Homer speaks collectively of all these peoples as "proud Hippemolgi, Galactophagi and Abii, men most just,"."
4022:
1795:
3408:
5318:
1373:
5124:
4174:
4969:
2779:
5049:
5171:
3491:
3877:
3895:
3555:
129:
5142:
5228:
5156:
3886:
5427:
5397:
4241:
1711:
4992:
3789:
4124:
1924:
5034:
2317:
2297:
2150:
5359:
5084:
5303:
1148:
5412:
1980:
6497:, 9.2.4, "Ephorus says that the Thracians, after making a treaty with the Boeotians, attacked them by night when they, thinking that peace had been made, were encamping rather carelessly; and when the Boeotians frustrated the Thracians, at the same time making the charge that they were breaking the treaty, the Thracians asserted that they had not broken it, for the treaty said "by day," whereas they had made the attack by night; whence arose the proverb, "Thracian pretense"."
5288:
160:
5330:
1357:
4373:
2070:
5258:
1936:
5243:
5199:
4950:
1991:
5185:
5011:
32:
5345:
3024:
1506:
3590:
3192:
3373:
2892:
1825:. The terms of their agreement were a certain number of peaceful days, but since it said nothing concerning the nights during which they had attacked, the Thracians asserted that they hadn't broken the treaty, and from this incident arose the proverb "Thracian pretense". Polyaneus testifies that the Thracians struck their weapons against each other before battle, "in the Thracian manner".
1619:
4229:. The tested samples were further specifically listed as: E-BY3880 x 3, E-L618 x 2, E-M78 x 2, R-Z93, E-CTS1273 and E-BY14160. Six of the sampled individuals were predicted to have had brown eyes and two of them blue eyes. While the majority of the samples predicted intermediate skin color and brown hair, the predictions for hair ranged from light to dark.
3755:
2824:, but he was able to defeat and submit them as well. Herodotus's list of tribes who provided the Achaemenid army with soldiers included Thracians from both the coast and from the central Thracian plain, attesting that Mardonius's campaign had reconquered all the Thracian areas which were under Achaemenid rule before the Ionian Revolt.
5837:
5835:
5832:
3265:, but regions within the province were under the command of military subordinates to the governor. The lack of large urban centers made Thracia a difficult place to manage, but eventually the province flourished under Roman rule. However, Romanization was not attempted in the province of Thracia. The
2512:
river. This was an act of conquest by Darius I, who sought to create a new satrapy in the
Balkans, and had during his march sent emissaries to the Thracians found on the path of his army as well as to the many other Thracian tribes over a wide area. All these peoples of Thrace, including the Odrysae,
3241:
The heirs of
Rhascuporis became as deeply enmeshed in political scandal and murder as were their Roman masters. A series of royal assassinations altered the ruling landscape for several years in the early Roman imperial period. Various factions took control with the support of the Roman Emperor. The
2774:
started, the
Thracians did not help the Greek rebels, and they instead saw Achaemenid rule as more favourable because the latter had treated the Thracians with favour and even given them more land, and also because they realised that Achaemenid rule was a bulwark against Greek expansion and Scythian
3442:
to
Albania. Also from a linguistic point of view it emerges that the Thracian-Bessian hypothesis of the origin of Albanian should be rejected, since only very little comparative linguistic material is available (the Thracian is attested only marginally, while the Bessian is completely unknown), but
8603:
p. 95. " 58. 'Thrace's golden shield' – One of the names of Ares was Thrax, he being the Patron of Thrace. His golden or gilded shield was kept in his temple at
Bistonia there. Like the other Thracian bucklers, it was of the shape of a half-moon ('Pelta'). His 'festival of Mars Gradivus' was kept
5869:
p. 95. " 58. 'Thrace's golden shield' – One of the names of Ares was Thrax, he being the Patron of Thrace. His golden or gilded shield was kept in his temple at
Bistonia there. Like the other Thracian bucklers, it was of the shape of a half-moon ('Pelta'). His 'festival of Mars Gradivus' was kept
2853:
for colonisation. Although Athens was now in control of the Aegean Sea and the
Hellespont following the defeat of the Persian invasion, the Persians were still able to control the southern coast of Thrace from a base in central Thrace and with the support of the Thracians. Thanks to the Thracians
1479:. Although these ancient historians characterized the Thracians as "primitive" partly because they lived in simple, open villages, the Thracians in fact had a fairly advanced culture that was especially noted for its poetry and music. Their soldiers were valued as mercenaries, particularly by the
7986:
Underhill, PA; Poznik, GD; Rootsi, S; Järve, M; Lin, AA; Wang, J; Passarelli, B; Kanbar, J; Myres, NM; King, RJ; Di
Cristofaro, J; Sahakyan, H; Behar, DM; Kushniarevich, A; Sarac, J; Saric, T; Rudan, P; Pathak, AK; Chaubey, G; Grugni, V; Semino, O; Yepiskoposyan, L; Bahmanimehr, A; Farjadian, S;
9412:
Modi, Alessandra; Nesheva, Desislava; Sarno, Stefania; Vai, Stefania; Karachanak-Yankova, Sena; Luiselli, Donata; Pilli, Elena; Lari, Martina; Vergata, Chiara; Yordanov, Yordan; Dimitrova, Diana; Kalcev, Petar; Staneva, Rada; Antonova, Olga; Hadjidekova, Savina; Galabov, Angel; Toncheva, Draga;
5853:
Lemprière and Wright, p. 358. "Mars was father of Cupid, Anteros, and
Harmonia, by the goddess Venus. He had Ascalaphus and Ialmenus by Astyoche; Alcippe by Agraulos; Molus, Pylus, Euenus, and oThestius, by Demonice the daughter of Agenor. Besides these, he was the reputed father of Romulus,
4138:
Initially
Thracian history and Thracian archeology were divided into two disciplines that were examined separately, but this approach has been succeeded by a clear shift towards multidisciplinary studies which include broader scientific perspectives. This methodology was applied in the first
3148:
2275:, Madyes expelled the Treres from Asia Minor and defeated the Cimmerians so that they no longer constituted a threat again, following which the Scythians extended their domination to Central Anatolia until they were themselves expelled by the Medes from Western Asia in the 600s BC.
6630:(Volume II). "Of the other Thracians the custom is to sell their children to be carried away out of the country; and over their maidens they do not keep watch, but allow them to have commerce with whatever men they please, but over their wives they keep very great watch."
1702:, one of the more prominent tribes in recorded history, achieved significant importance during Roman rule. What's notable about the Moesians is that many of them practiced vegetarianism, feeding themselves only with honey, milk, and cheese to maintain spiritual purity.
5537:, p. 3. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area between northern Greece, Romania, and north-western Turkey. They shared the same language and culture... There may have been as many as a million Thracians, divided among up to 40 tribes."
7478:, 5.3, "Now the Thracian race is the most numerous, except the Indians, in all the world: and if it should come to be ruled over by one man, or to agree together in one, it would be irresistible in fight and the strongest by far of all nations, in my opinion."
6404:: "Take the quality of passion or spirit;--it would be ridiculous to imagine that this quality, when found in States, is not derived from the individuals who are supposed to possess it, e.g. the Thracians, Scythians, and in general the northern nations;"
5272:
2517:
who lived just south of the Danube river and who in vain attempted to resist the Achaemenid conquest. After the resistance of the Getae was defeated and they were forced to provide the Achaemenid army with soldiers, all the Thracian tribes between the
3451:, which speaks against the construct of a "Thracian-Bessian church language". Most probably the Thracians were assimilated into the Roman and later in the Byzantine society and became part of the ancestral groups of the modern Southeastern Europeans.
5844:, p. 597. "We have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves and if indeed they had a common name... Thus the name of Thracians and that of their country were given by the Greeks to a group of Hellenic tribes occupying the territory...".
4213:
A Bulgarian study from 2013 claims genetic similarity between Thracians (8-6 century BC), medieval Bulgarians (8–10 century AD), and modern Bulgarians, highlighting highest resemblance between them, Romanians, Northern Italians and Northern Greeks.
2938:), and potentially the most powerful, if not for their lack of unity. The Thracians in classical times were broken up into a large number of groups and tribes, though a number of powerful Thracian states were organized, the most important being the
4139:
comprehensive research of the Thracian heritage, which involved 72 scholars from the Bulgarian Academy of Science and qualified researchers from several other countries. The project thoroughly explored 13 scientific topics, ranging from Thracian
9537:
964:
since they were neither Romans nor Greeks but in spite of that they were favored as excellent mercenaries. While the Thracians were perceived as unsophisticated by the Romans and Greeks, their culture was reportedly noted for its sophisticated
7699:
Curta, Florin (2020). "Migrations in the Archaeology of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages (Some Comments on the Current State of Research)". In Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Reinfandt, Lucian; Stouraitis, Yannis (eds.).
7512:
3724:" According to Herodotus virginity among women was not valued, and unmarried Thracian women could have sex with any man they wished to. There were men perceived as holy Thracians, who lived without women and were called "ktisti". In myth,
3278:. The rural nature of Thracia's populations, and distance from Roman authority, certainly inspired local troops to support Moesia's legions. Over the next few centuries, the province was periodically and increasingly attacked by migrating
8429:
Karachanak, S., V. Carossa, D. Nesheva, A. Olivieri, M. Pala, B. Hooshiar Kashani, V. Grugni, et al. "Bulgarians vs the Other European Populations: A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective." International Journal of Legal Medicine 126 (2012):
1962:, a mythological Thracian king, was so named because of his red hair and is depicted on Greek pottery as having red hair and a red beard. Ancient Greek writers also described the Thracians as red-haired. A fragment by the Greek poet
9292:
Marinov, Tchavdar (2015). "Ancient Thrace in the Modern Imagination: Ideological Aspects of the Construction of Thracian Studies in Southeast Europe (Romania, Greece, Bulgaria)". In Daskalov, Roumen; Vezenkov, Alexander (eds.).
2033:
Nevertheless, academic studies have concluded that people often had different physical features from those described by primary sources. Ancient authors described as red-haired several groups of people. They claimed that all
6419:: "Are we to follow the custom of the Scythians, and Persians, and Carthaginians, and Celts, and Iberians, and Thracians, who are all warlike nations, or that of your countrymen, for they, as you say, altogether abstain?"
1778:
writes of them being wild, savage and impatient, disobedient even to their own kings. The Thracians have been said to have "tattooed their bodies, obtained their wives by purchase, and often sold their children". The
2271:, might possibly also have been killed in another Cimmerian attack on Lydia. Soon after 635 BC, with Assyrian approval the Scythians under Madyes entered Anatolia. In alliance with Sadyattes's son, the Lydian king
2865:, the king of the Odrysae tribe, in whose territory the Hebrus flowed, was starting to organise the rise of his kingdom into a powerful state. With the end of Achaemenid power in the Balkans, the Thracian
3173:, in 149 BC, drew the bulk of its support from Thrace. Incursions by local tribes into Macedonia continued for many years, though a few tribes, such as the Deneletae and the Bessi, willingly allied with
3403:
a monastery with four churches, in each being spoken a different language, among which Bessian was found. The place where the monasteries were founded was called "Cutila", which may be a Thracian name.
2907:
The Odrysian Kingdom was a state union of over 40 Thracian tribes and 22 kingdoms that existed between the 5th century BC and the 1st century AD. It consisted mainly of present-day
2463:
of a slave was a significant criterion for major purchasers: Ancient practice was to avoid a concentration of too many slaves of the same ethnic origin in the same place, in order to limit the risk of
1465:
Thracians are believed to have spoken different languages. The lack of surviving written records left by Thracians may suggest that the diverse topography did not allow for a single language to form.
2986:
After the Persians withdrew from Europe and before the expansion of the Kingdom of Macedon, Thrace was divided into three regions (east, central, and west). A notable ruler of the East Thracians was
3517:
claim that part of the Bulgarian autosomal genetic legacy is of Paleo-Balkan and Paleo-Mediterranean origin which can be attributed partially to the Thracians and other indigenous populations.
2537:
Following Darius I's orders to create a new satrapy for the Achaemenid Empire in the Balkans, Megabazus forced the Greek cities who had refused to submit to the Achaemenid Empire, starting with
9338:
8560:), as suggested by the paragraphs describing how "he was singularly beloved by the Getae, moreover, as if he were one of themselves" and how he spoke "almost pure Thracian".(Historia Augusta,
2854:
co-operating with the Persians by sending supplies and military reinforcements down the Hebrus river route, Achaemenid authority in central Thrace lasted until around 465 BC, and the governor
9294:
3796:
The history of recorded Thracian warfare spans from the 12th century BC up to the 1st century AD. It concerns the armed conflicts of the Thracian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans and
3722:, are not much abstaining, because no one takes less than ten, eleven, twelve wives, some even more. If one dies and has only four or five wives he is called ill-fated, unhappy and unmarried.
3012:
in the 4th century BC made the Odrysian kingdom extinct for several years. After the kingdom was reestablished, it was a vassal state of Macedon for several decades under generals such as
7524:
2541:, after which led military campaigns throughout Thrace to impose Achaemenid rule over every city and tribe in the area. With the help of Thracian guides, Megabazus was able to conquer
3447:
and Thracian clearly indicates a very different sound development that cannot be considered as the result of one language. Furthermore, the Christian vocabulary of Albanian is mainly
5068:
7521:, p. 612. "Thrace possessed only fortified areas, and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets.".
5381:
5102:
1475:
historians agreed that the ancient Thracians were superior fighters; only their constant political fragmentation prevented them from overrunning the lands around the northeastern
2971:" lived in Thrace, where they served as philosophers, priests and prophets. They were held in a place of honor by the Thracians, with their lives being dedicated to the gods.
7859:
Karachanak, S.; Grugni, V.; Fornarino, S.; Nesheva, D.; Al-Zahery, N.; Battaglia, V.; Carossa, V.; Yordanov, Y.; Torroni, A.; Galabov, A. S.; Toncheva, D.; Semino, O. (2013).
1646:—the land of the Thracians—was known as Perki (Περκη) and Aria (Αρια) before being named Thrace by the Greeks, presumably due to the affiliation of the Thracians with the god
9578:
6613:
Lectures on the Science of Language Delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in ... 1861 [and] ... 1863 : [first And] Second Series · Volume 1
1190:
mentions that one of the names of Ares himself was "Thrax". Since Ares was regarded as the patron of Thrace his golden or gilded shield was kept in his temple at Bistonia in
7315:
2549:
inhabiting these regions up to the Lake Prasias to Thracians loyal to the Achaemenid Empire. The last endeavours of Megabazus included his conquest of the area between the
9137:
Dumitrescu, VL. (1982). "The Prehistory of Romania from the earliest times to 1000 B.C.". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E. (eds.).
9109:
1895:
The accuracy and impartiality of these descriptions have been called into question in modern times, given the seeming embellishments in Herodotus's histories, for one.
3117:) and Thracians lived alongside each other, as evident from the archaeological findings of pits and treasures, spanning from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century BC.
6917:
Homer. The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924: at
9685:
3565:
The records of Thracian writing are very scarce. There are only four inscriptions that have been discovered. One of them is a gold ring unearthed in the village of
8345:
917:
in the mid 2nd century BC under whom they faced internal strife. They composed major parts of rebellions against the Romans along with the Macedonians until the
1287:, a naval confederacy which terrorized Egypt and other Mediterranean nations around 1200 BCE. These Sea People are referred to as "Tursha" in an inscription of
3569:, Bulgaria. The thracian inscription is written using the Greek script and consists of 8 lines. Attempts to decipher the inscription have proven inconclusive.
2014:
as wearing a hat with red hair, which classicists believe was Thracian in origin. Other ancient writers who described the hair of the Thracians as red include
2481:
1129:
as applied by the Greeks. The Thracians didn't refer to themselves as Thracians but primarily by the name of their tribe, patron god, leader and territories.
7792:
4057:
268:
176:
7546:. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 888. "It was meant to be a polis but there was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement."
2677:
included both the Aegean coast of Thrace, as well as its Pontic coast till the Danube. In the interior, the Western border of the satrapy consisted of the
7737:
1787:
further notes that they "considered husbandry unworthy of a warrior, and knew no source of gain but war and theft". He also states that they practiced
875:
and other regional groups of tribes. Historical and archaeological records indicate that Thracian culture flourished in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC.
9819:
8515:
7989:
European Journal of Human Genetics - Supplementary Information for article: The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a
3387:
there was a monastery in which the monks spoke Greek, Latin, Syriac, Egyptian and Bessian. The origin of the monasteries is explained in a medieval
2577:
on the Strymon's east bank until Megabazus persuaded him to recall Histiaeus after he returned to Asia Minor, after which the Thracian tribe of the
9720:
7544:
An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation
4030:
1500:
937:
that posed a significant challenge to Roman authority, prompting a series of military campaigns against it. The aftermath of the rebellion saw the
9277:. Harry N. Abrams, in association with the Trust for Museum Exhibitions, in cooperation with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Bulgaria.
7447:
9489:
5426:
4514:, Thracian gladiator who led a large slave uprising in Southern Italy in 73–71 BC and defeated several Roman legions in what is known as the
4112:
3162:, conflict between Rome and Thrace was unavoidable. The rulers of Macedonia were weak, and Thracian tribal authority resurged. But after the
9635:
5358:
5212:
3458:
who then inhabited large territories of Central and Eastern Europe. After the 6th century Thracians that weren't already assimilated in the
10171:
8531:
6708:
5963:
3509:
A recent Bulgarian study on the heritage of Thracian mounds in Bulgaria claims cultural, historical and ethnic links between Thracians and
2806:
crossed the Hellespont with a large fleet and army, re-subjugated Thrace without any effort and made Macedonia full part of the satrapy of
1970:...Men make gods in their own image; those of the Ethiopians are black and snub-nosed, those of the Thracians have blue eyes and red hair.
8212:
8199:
7622:
9725:
9715:
9563:
9528:
5447:
5123:
3503:
3495:
3313:
The ancient languages of these people and their cultural influence were highly reduced due to the repeated invasions of the Balkans by
2059:
1695:
1509:
1253:
426:
330:
3369:. Reportedly his mission was successful, and the worship of Dionysus and other Thracian gods was eventually replaced by Christianity.
2775:
attacks. During the revolt, Aristagoras of Miletus captured Myrcinus from the Edones and died trying to attack another Thracian city.
8891:
2721:, which gave this region an important strategic value. Persian sources describe the province as being populated by three groups: the
8333:
Kamen Velev; Vanya Grashkina; Olga Racheva; Yana Panova; Kostadin Tonev; Milen Angelov; Tzvyatko Stoyanov; Lyudmila Velkova (2009).
7703:
Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of Mobility Between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E.
7533:, p. 612. "According to Strabo (vii.6.1cf.st.Byz.446.15) the Thracian suffix -bria meant polis but it is an inaccurate translation..
2565:, accepted to become a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire. Within the satrapy itself, the Achaemenid king Darius granted to the tyrant
3438:. However, archaeologically, there is absolutely no evidence of a 9th-century migration of any population, such as the Bessi, from
8546:
origin, believed so by Herodian in his writings,(Herodian, 7:1:1-2) and the references to his "Gothic" ancestry might refer to a
4991:
2198:
2183:) were founded in the 8th century BC. Thracians and Greeks lived side-by-side. Ancient sources record a Thracian presence on the
722:
5317:
10161:
9358:
6459:
Tonkova, Milenka (2010). "On human sacrifice in Thrace (on archaeological evidence)". In Cândea, Ionel; Sîrbu, Valeriu (eds.).
5048:
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9597:
9589:
9547:
9512:
9312:
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9225:
9204:
9154:
9127:
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8481:
8302:
8276:
7711:
7415:
7379:
7352:
7323:
7193:
6918:
6788:
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6568:
6468:
6354:
6244:
6039:
6020:
5943:
5891:
5767:
5742:
5689:
5396:
4604:
3185:
2841:, which was resisted by both the Thracians and the Persian forces. The Thracians kept on sending supplies to the governor of
8945:
7371:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia Volume II: The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 BC to AD 250
1391:
The origins of the Thracians remain obscure, in the absence of written historical records before they made contact with the
10151:
6218:
3808:
9665:
8465:
The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe. Science 377, eabm4247. (PDF / SUPPLEMENT )
3692:
in Thracian. Later this cult reached Ancient Greece. Some consider Thrace as the motherland of wine culture. The works of
902:, the Thracians experienced a short period of peace. In the late 4th century BC the Odrysian kingdom lost independence to
301:
10146:
9692:
5227:
833:
The exact origin of the Thracian people is uncertain, but it is believed that they descended from a purported mixture of
7987:
Balanovsky, O; Khusnutdinova, EK; Herrera, RJ; Chiaroni, J; Bustamante, CD; Quake, SR; Kivisild, T; Villems, R (2015). "
7804:
4968:
96:
10156:
9402:
9173:
7818:
7606:
7579:
6180:
5452:
1496:
479:
8334:
5411:
5010:
2530:, after which he returned to Anatolia through Thrace and left a large army in Europe under the command of his general
68:
9330:
8161:
8127:
7780:
7134:
6318:
5916:
5811:
2832:
2764:
115:
1434:
According to one theory, their Indo-European ancestors migrated in three waves from the northeast: the first in the
628:
9883:
9236:
8527:
8511:
8394:
6204:
5388:
5170:
5033:
4893:
4797:
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to oversee the administrative division of the Hellespont, which extended on both sides of the sea and included the
623:
598:
9415:"Ancient human mitochondrial genomes from Bronze Age Bulgaria: new insights into the genetic history of Thracians"
9166:
Thrace through the ages: pottery as evidence for commerce and culture from prehistoric times to the Islamic period
3980:
have been unearthed and exhibited in museums around the world. Since the early 2000s, the Bulgarian archaeologist
3055:. The strength of the thracian cavalry quickly grew from 150 men, to 1000 men by the time Alexander advanced into
1899:
have attempted to piece together a fuller understanding of Thracian culture through the study of their artifacts.
1884:
skirmish at 171 BC. Strabo treated the Thracians as barbarians, and held that they spoke the same language as the
886:
historians, the Thracians remained largely disunited, until the establishment of their first permanent state, the
10031:
8573:
8233:
4237:
This is a list of historically important personalities being entirely or partly of Thracian and Dacian ancestry:
3418:
The further fate of the Thracians is a matter of dispute. German historian Gottfried Schramm speculated that the
75:
8747:
6893:
Poulianos, Aris N., 1961, The Origin of the Greeks, Ph.D. thesis, University of Moscow, supervised by F.G.Debets
2607:
who inhabited the northern parts of the satrapy. Once Megabazus had returned to Asia Minor, he was succeeded in
2526:
river had been subjected by the Achaemenid Empire. Once Darius had reached the Danube, he crossed the river and
10166:
9073:
8801:
5703:
5549:. "One of the best documented Indo-European civilizations that inhabited Romania, Bulgaria is the Thracians..."
5302:
3634:
3138:
618:
53:
8963:
8819:
7306:
7277:
Chiron: Mitteilungen der Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
7141:
A Scythian army, acting in conformity with Assyrian policy, entered Pontis to crush the last of the Cimmerians
2042:
as red haired. According to Beth Cohen, Thracians had "the same dark hair and the same facial features as the
1892:
writes that "the thracians sell their children and let their maidens commerce with whatever men they please".
10016:
9970:
6685:
6385:
History of Rome And of the Roman People, from Its Origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians · Volume 4, Part 1
4210:(EEFs), supporting the idea that Southeast Europe was the link between Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean.
3985:
3929:
3471:
2527:
2376:, after the slaves were captured in raids, their actual enslavement took place when they were resold through
1997:
1888:. Some Roman authors noted that even after the introduction of Latin they still kept their "barbarous" ways.
781:
691:
9339:"Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania"
6308:
5083:
3253:
was murdered in AD 46 by his wife, Thracia was incorporated as an official Roman province to be governed by
2990:, who attempted to expand his authority over many of the Thracian tribes. He was eventually defeated by the
5287:
4843:
1004:, common among both men and women. The Thracians culturally interacted with the peoples surrounding them –
82:
5257:
3166:
in 168 BC, Roman authority over Macedonia seemed inevitable, and the governance of Thrace passed to Rome.
2656:
8585:
8263:
5155:
5141:
5001:
4048:
3210:
The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state. The
3087:
3052:
3048:
2870:
2791:
2558:
2432:
1517:
1480:
1404:
903:
715:
522:
9035:
8234:"Who Are the Thracians and Why Wine Was an Integral Part of Their Culture and Tradition 6000 Years Ago?"
4949:
4039:
1660:
mentions about a period in the past, from his point of view, when Thracians had inhabited the region of
10051:
9804:
9119:
8725:
8185:
7407:
5190:
5060:
4668:
3937:
3298:
2323:
1794:
1532:
49:
8999:
8783:
8200:
https://www.codedevino.com/world-of-wine/the-way-of-wine/ancient-thrace-the-motherland-of-wine-culture
2504:
amassed an army and marched from Achaemenid-ruled Anatolia into Thrace, and from there he crossed the
2267:, except for its citadel, and Ardys might have been killed in this attack. Ardys's son and successor,
64:
10056:
10046:
9584:
P. Tušlová – B. Weissová – S. Bakardzhiev (eds.). Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts, 2022.
7455:
7185:
6640:
Enos, R. L. (1976). Rhetorical intent in ancient historiography: Herodotus and the battle of marathon
5350:
4912:
4736:
3933:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3407:
2286:
1928:
658:
20:
7762:
1372:
894:
exercised some authority on the eastern corners of the Thracian kingdom around that time. After the
7072:"WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings"
6833:(Nenci 1954: fragment 191 ) apparently named for their fair (red) hair (Helm 1988: 145), quoted in
6430:
6347:
Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars, 359 BC to 146 BC: Organisation, Tactics, Dress and Weapons
4455:
4173:
3673:, though this is heavily debated in the anthropological community. The supreme Balkan thunder god
3499:
3126:
2614:
2505:
2160:
2027:
9217:
Macedonian Legacies: Studies in Ancient Macedonian History and Culture in Honor of Eugene N. Borza
9187:. 1000–750 B.C.". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E. (eds.).
7974:
7918:
Hellenthal, G.; Busby, G. B.; Band, G.; Wilson, J. F.; Capelli, C.; Falush, D.; Myers, S. (2014).
7847:
3819:. 10 000 Thracian soldiers faced off against the remainder of 30 000 Romans who were stationed in
1351:
7490:"Philopoemen's Special Forces: Peltasts and a New Kind of Greek Light-Armed Warfare (Livy 35.27)"
7431:
5657:
Fol, A., Georgiev, V. & Danov, H. The History of Bulgaria. Primarily - communal and slavery.
3346:
3215:
1661:
1548:
1176:(his name simply the quintessential Thracian) was regarded as one of the reputed sons of the god
800:
681:
42:
8639:
8294:
Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia
7596:
7569:
6607:
5783:
Hind, J. G. F. "Archaeology of the Greeks and Barbarian Peoples around the Black Sea (1982-1992)
4021:
10041:
10036:
9990:
9605:
8977:
7598:
The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C.
7571:
The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C.
5344:
5198:
5176:
5115:
4207:
4203:
4066:
3905:
3584:
2513:
submitted to the Achaemenid king until his army reached the territory of Thracian tribe of the
2223:
2090:
1639:
1202:
838:
772:
708:
9083:
8428:
8292:
8117:
7340:
6778:
6748:
5881:
7749:
7689:
Linguistics Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
7629:
7369:
6639:
5933:
4694:
3169:
Initially, Thracians and Macedonians revolted against Roman rule. For example, the revolt of
2934:
called them the second-most numerous people in the part of the world known by him (after the
2023:
1335:
8711:
8391:"Bulgarian Archaeologists Uncover Story of Ancient Thracians' War with Philip II of Macedon"
7126:
5184:
4168:
4164:
3704:' love for winemaking and consumption, also related to religion as early as 6000 years ago.
3490:
2778:
9426:
9337:
Cardos, G.; Stoian, V.; Miritoiu, N.; Comsa, A.; Kroll, A.; Voss, S.; Rodewald, A. (2004).
9031:
8959:
7931:
7872:
7211:"The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology"
5242:
4906:
4011:, of which only over a thousand have been studied by archaeologists up to the present day.
3961:
3358:
3181:
3009:
2718:
2562:
2456:
2106:
2015:
1958:
enslaved this particular group. Ancient Greek artwork often depicts Thracians as redheads.
1424:
1412:
918:
834:
532:
9465:
7302:
3665:, who was usually depicted on funeral statues as a horseman slaying a beast with a spear.
8:
9995:
9873:
9580:
The Yurta-Stroyno Archaeological Project. Studies on the Roman Rural Settlement in Thrace
8693:
8675:
5204:
4202:
from the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC. They were found to harbor a mixture of ancestry from
4096:
4076:
3953:
3941:
3835:
3392:
3076:
3036:
2991:
2803:
2752:
2039:
907:
676:
575:
253:
137:
128:
9430:
9274:
Ancient gold: the wealth of the Thracians : treasures from the Republic of Bulgaria
8018:
7935:
7876:
6514:
4312:, legendary bard considered chief among poets and musicians; king of the Thracian tribe
10141:
9980:
9678:
9557:
9522:
9483:
9447:
9381:
9272:
9256:
8179:
7952:
7919:
7895:
7860:
7501:
7230:
7091:
7042:
6956:
6931:
6713:
6126:
5760:
Rome and the Barbarians in Central and Eastern Europe: 1st Century B.C.-1st Century A.D
5462:
4960:
4917:
4801:
4768:
4636:
4473:
4449:
4190:
3812:
3549:
3454:
The last mention of Thracians, in the 6th century, coincides with the first mention of
3258:
2877:
filled the ensuing power vacuum and formed their own spheres of influence in the area.
2701:
river, where a route in the river valley connected the permanent Persian settlement of
849:
512:
469:
316:
89:
8604:
annually by the Latins in the month of March, when this sort of shield was displayed."
8452:
8440:
8417:
Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS); General Academic News/ Thursday, 15 February 2018.
6680:
6146:
5870:
annually by the Latins in the month of March, when this sort of shield was displayed."
2395:
The fragmentary list of slaves confiscated from the property of the mutilators of the
10000:
9930:
9833:
9799:
9593:
9585:
9543:
9508:
9504:
9452:
9414:
9398:
9326:
9308:
9278:
9260:
9221:
9200:
9169:
9150:
9123:
9101:
9087:
8873:
8453:
The genetic history of the Southern Arc : A bridge between West Asia and Europe
8441:
The genetic history of the Southern Arc : A bridge between West Asia and Europe
8298:
8272:
8167:
8157:
8133:
8123:
8015:
7957:
7900:
7776:
7717:
7707:
7602:
7575:
7411:
7375:
7348:
7319:
7189:
7130:
7120:
7095:
6961:
6784:
6754:
6574:
6564:
6474:
6464:
6350:
6315:
6250:
6240:
6176:
5939:
5912:
5887:
5807:
5763:
5738:
5467:
5433:
5403:
5039:
4885:
4826:
4727:
4565:
4515:
4477:
4264:
4240:
4195:
3920:. In the 1960s and 1970s intensive excavations led to the discovery of many Thracian
3866:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3578:
3541:
3531:
3444:
3411:
3354:
3307:
3267:
2828:
2795:
2542:
2497:
2272:
1908:
1857:
1710:
1319:
1242:
1218:
1172:
1138:
1028:
1024:
934:
891:
584:
560:
517:
321:
306:
296:
291:
6660:
Evans, J. A. S. "Father of History or Father of Lies; The Reputation of Herodotus."
4706:
4698:
3098:
until the end of the 3rd century BC. From Thrace, three Celtic tribes advanced into
2035:
10072:
9985:
9746:
9617:
9471:
9442:
9434:
9373:
9300:
9248:
9192:
9142:
9105:
9079:
8923:
8743:
8008:
8000:
7947:
7939:
7890:
7880:
7830:
7775:
T.N. Pollio (2021) The Art of Medieval Jewelry. An Illustrated History. McFarland,
7395:
7268:
7222:
7165:
7083:
7034:
6951:
6943:
6930:
Altschuler, Eric Lewin; Calude, Andreea S.; Meade, Andrew; Pagel, Mark (May 2013).
6531:
6445:
6400:
5477:
5472:
5457:
4864:
4640:
4630:
4620:
4591:
4581:
4557:
4543:
4532:
4524:
4417:
4333:
4086:
4071:
3989:
3913:
3894:
3804:
3749:
3459:
3439:
3396:
3246:
3151:
2980:
2939:
2916:
2896:
2886:
2866:
2501:
2486:
2396:
2373:
1959:
1834:
1715:
1459:
1443:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1396:
1300:
1234:
1159:
1021:
887:
804:
742:
493:
459:
454:
311:
243:
228:
9252:
9196:
9146:
8550:
origin (the two populations were often confused by later writers, most notably by
8390:
8362:
7834:
7226:
7116:
6835:
Indo-European origins: the anthropological evidence Institute for the Study of Man
3788:
1923:
10102:
9975:
9809:
9751:
9498:
9215:
9062:
8797:
8599:
8332:
7885:
7701:
6611:
6415:
6383:
5865:
5826:
5487:
5365:
4877:
4807:
4662:
4608:
4252:
4218:
4091:
4081:
3984:
has made significant discoveries in Central Bulgaria, in the area now known as "
3736:, and was killed for not engaging in the activities promoted by the followers of
3545:
3535:
3477:
3279:
3163:
3159:
3072:
3028:
2756:
2714:
2361:
2149:
2140:, the warrior, even all them that the strong stream of the Hellespont encloseth."
1918:
1788:
1770:
wrote of Cotys's sober and gentle character being unlike that of most Thracians.
1651:
1295:. Some biblical commentators also propose a possible connection with the city of
1292:
1182:
1167:
570:
527:
197:
148:
9640:
8030:
4855:
is under assault by neighboring barbarian tribes, most likely Thracians, led by
2296:
2069:
1265:
Various biblical commentators have identified the descendants of Tiras with the
906:, becoming incorporated into the empire, but it regained independence following
10026:
9741:
9438:
7740:[Hypotheses on the Albanian origins by the perspective of linguistics]
4920:
to lead the Thracian army against a bloodthirsty Thracian warlord named Rhesus.
4881:
4848:
4717:
4672:
4256:
3885:
3485:
3481:
3227:
2943:
2924:
2760:
2622:
2550:
2545:
up to but not including the area of Lake Prasias, and he gave the lands of the
2452:
2389:
2341:
2256:
2236:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2043:
1940:
1723:
1455:
1435:
1392:
1198:
957:
914:
879:
853:
812:
792:
189:
9660:
9655:
9645:
9304:
8837:
6882:
Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art
6780:
Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art
6578:
4786:
or Cutzes, general of the Eastern Roman Empire during the reign of Justinian I
4123:
1419:. It is generally proposed that a Thracian people developed from a mixture of
1147:
10135:
10021:
9888:
9814:
9354:
9268:
8981:
8927:
8729:
8464:
8137:
8004:
7861:"Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry"
7721:
7399:
7087:
6478:
6254:
5482:
5133:
3834:
in the span of two wars. The conflict ended with the Roman occupation of the
3770:
3602:
3350:
3342:
3254:
3223:
2874:
2771:
2333:
1817:
write about how the Thracians once used trickery to circumvent their pact of
1780:
1476:
1468:
949:
638:
9621:
8171:
8011:
7988:
7943:
7738:"Die albanische Autochthonie hypothese aus der Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft"
7706:
Studies in Global Migration History. Vol. 13. Brill. pp. 101–140.
7272:
3876:
2836:
2807:
2738:
2672:
2608:
2583:
2316:
9776:
9641:
Bulgaria in Antiquity, An Archaeological Introduction by Ralph F. Hoddinott
9475:
9456:
8543:
7961:
7904:
7654:
6965:
6947:
6379:
6269:
6059:
5492:
4838:- a distinct weapon with a curved blade used by the Thracians and Dacians.
4595:
4405:
4222:
4155:, culminating in a richly illustrated journal with 33 scientific articles.
4148:
4140:
3981:
3917:
3598:
3314:
3287:
3142:
2987:
2444:
2377:
2303:
2082:
2078:
1955:
1914:
1873:
1784:
1763:
1727:
1608:
1484:
1472:
1288:
961:
899:
883:
844:
Around the 5th millennium BC, the inhabitants of the eastern region of the
565:
8416:
7181:
6109:
5711:
1979:
1950:
inscribed on them, meaning "redhead" – a common name given to people with
1395:. Evidence of Thracians in the prehistoric period depends on artifacts of
159:
8887:
8151:
5418:
5075:
4925:
4778:
4732:
4626:
4411:
4284:
3993:
3949:
3684:
The Thracians are considered the first to worship the god of wine called
3388:
3384:
3376:
3231:
3064:
3002:
2845:
when the Greeks besieged it. When the city fell to the Greeks in 475 BC,
2817:
2770:
When Achaemenid control over its European possessions collapsed once the
2730:
2626:
2436:
2385:
2099:
The earliest known mention of Thracians is in the second song of Homer's
2007:
1896:
1356:
1284:
1280:
1267:
1100:
1035:
in the 6th century AD. The scientific study of the Thracians is known as
982:
938:
474:
223:
193:
133:
8156:. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 1999. p. 429.
4916:, the protagonist and his band of mercenaries are hired by the Thracian
4372:
4221:
and ancient Thracian remains in Bulgaria were found to mainly carry the
1935:
10118:
9909:
9858:
9853:
9385:
8671:
8506:
7505:
7489:
7448:"Interview: Capital of largest Thracian kingdom discovered in Bulgaria"
6199:
6133:
indicates a historical extent of Thracian settlement including most of
5782:
5707:
5336:
5279:
5263:
5020:
4934:
4811:
4741:
4616:
4599:
4587:
4572:
4538:
3945:
3909:
3855:
3774:
3662:
3514:
3510:
3334:
3274:
Roman authority in Thracia rested mainly with the legions stationed in
3094:. They were soon forced out of Macedonia and southern Greece, but they
3013:
2835:
by the Persian Empire in 479 BC, they started attacking the satrapy of
2519:
2408:
2349:
2244:
2172:
2121:
2110:
2047:
1963:
1881:
1865:
1822:
1657:
1584:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1365:
1272:
1065:
1036:
997:
993:
942:
864:
696:
653:
507:
263:
238:
233:
213:
9183:
Garašanin, M. (1982). "The Early Iron Age in the Central Balkan Area,
8657:
7234:
7210:
7046:
7022:
6807:, 1903, pp.38–58 (Xenophanes fr. B16, Diels-Kranz, Kirk/Raven no. 171
6659:
2802:
Once the Ionian Revolt had been fully quelled, the Achaemenid general
2613:
by a governor whose name is unknown, and Darius appointed the general
1990:
1229:
observes, the Greeks call Thracians; and in Thrace was a river called
10087:
9863:
9771:
9115:
9013:
8653:
5507:
5373:
5219:
4898:
4873:
4869:
4745:
4656:
4646:
4577:
4561:
4511:
4302:
4292:
4248:
4244:
3925:
3843:
3697:
3674:
3669:
and Dacians potentially had a monotheistic religion based on the god
3419:
3362:
3330:
3283:
3262:
3170:
3114:
3068:
3063:. The thracian infantry was under the command of the Odrysian prince
2947:
2931:
2930:
By the 5th century BC, the Thracian population was large enough that
2821:
2755:. The three ethnicities (Saka, Macedonian, Thracian) enrolled in the
2734:
2726:
2710:
2694:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2604:
2581:
retook control of Myrcinus. The new satrapy, once created, was named
2566:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2460:
2448:
2399:
mentions 32 slaves whose origins have been ascertained: 13 came from
2353:
2268:
2230:
2180:
1889:
1877:
1810:
1755:
1739:
1684:
1627:
1580:
1568:
1400:
1315:
1311:
1187:
1013:
953:
930:
922:
633:
555:
352:
248:
218:
9377:
7071:
4810:, Zagreus is attempting to escape the underworld to find his mother
2590:
31:
9946:
9878:
9868:
9848:
9766:
9756:
9467:
The Hellenization of Thrace during the Hellenic and Roman Antiquity
8995:
8815:
8707:
8689:
8551:
8367:
8363:"Bulgarian Archaeologists Make Breakthrough in Ancient Thrace Tomb"
7623:"Funerary Practices in Europe, before and after the Roman Conquest"
7177:
7038:
6142:
5968:. Vol. 4. William B. Eerdmands Publishing Comoany. p. 859
5369:
5308:
5024:
4723:
4711:
4684:
4678:
4553:
4506:
4487:
4481:
4461:
4442:
4425:
4368:
4352:
4328:
4323:
4199:
4101:
4008:
3997:
3977:
3820:
3797:
3737:
3733:
3713:
3685:
3670:
3646:
3638:
3606:
3594:
3400:
3235:
3099:
3017:
2964:
2961:
2908:
2900:
2855:
2702:
2682:
2664:
2618:
2574:
2494:
2369:
2365:
2337:
2219:
2215:
2203:
2192:
2133:
1951:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1680:
1612:
1596:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1361:
1323:
1279:
Scholars have associated this geographical locale with the Tershi (
1226:
1069:
1048:
1009:
974:
895:
815:
808:
648:
608:
603:
421:
386:
4777:
or Buzes, general of the Eastern Roman Empire during the reign of
3023:
10097:
9761:
9017:
8909:
8855:
8851:
8833:
8765:
7347:. Cambridge University Press; Reissue edition. pp. 253–255.
7308:
Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka
6901:
6899:
6158:
6138:
6134:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5497:
5162:
5110:
5094:
5090:
5057:
4831:
4815:
4783:
4763:
4755:
4702:
4688:
4547:
4520:
4384:
4376:
4364:
4313:
4309:
4279:
4182:
4004:
3839:
3816:
3782:
3778:
3760:
3725:
3689:
3678:
3626:
3622:
3589:
3435:
3431:
3196:
3103:
3044:
3040:
2968:
2952:
2912:
2862:
2748:
2706:
2698:
2697:. The importance of this satrapy rested in that it contained the
2570:
2509:
2428:
2416:
2412:
2357:
2260:
2248:
2155:
2137:
2125:
2046:." However, Aris N. Poulianos states that Thracians, like modern
2011:
1861:
1771:
1592:
1588:
1505:
1408:
1258:
1230:
1210:
1155:
1126:
978:
872:
845:
819:
593:
546:
502:
464:
449:
381:
361:
208:
7858:
7023:"The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications"
6231:
Eliade, Mircea; Culianu, Ioan Petru; Wiesner, Hillary S (1993).
4933:
enlist the help of the Thracians who fight on their side in the
4697:, Roman Emperor from 306 to 337; born to a Thracian father from
3395:, in Vita Sancti Theodosii Coenobiarchae in which he wrote that
3147:
2500:
subjugated Thrace, starting in 513 BC, when the Achaemenid king
2124:, that rage with the spear, even them that dwelt in deep-soiled
1431:
when the latter, around 1500 BC, mixed with indigenous peoples.
10092:
9904:
8941:
8905:
8869:
8779:
8556:
8213:"Ancient Thrace, the Motherland of Wine Culture | Code de Vino"
7341:"The Rise of the Achaemenids and Establishment of Their Empire"
5965:
Lemma "Tiras", in The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
5233:
5129:
5016:
4997:
4977:
4956:
4852:
4774:
4759:
4749:
4687:, Roman Emperor from 305 to 311; born to a Thracian father and
4528:
4498:
4492:
4434:
4430:
4398:
4392:
4360:
4356:
4337:
4319:
4297:
4288:
4152:
4003:
Traces of Thracian civilization are to be found in over 60 000
3976:
A large amount of elaborately crafted Thracian gold and silver
3827:
3729:
3701:
3618:
3614:
3275:
3219:
3211:
3191:
3134:
3110:
3091:
2920:
2850:
2813:
2787:
2783:
2678:
2660:
2650:
2646:
2582:
2554:
2523:
2476:
2464:
2440:
2400:
2381:
2345:
2264:
2210:
At some point in the 7th century BC, a portion of the Thracian
2113:, which is believed to have taken place around 12th century BC.
2087:
1814:
1803:
1799:
1669:
1665:
1643:
1604:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1513:
1214:
1191:
1110:
1005:
1001:
966:
827:
823:
686:
613:
537:
484:
444:
416:
411:
406:
348:
258:
203:
185:
167:
8031:"Golden ring with Thracian inscription. NAIM-Sofia exhibition"
6896:
6173:
Stephanus von Byzanz: Stephani Byzantii Ethnica / Delta - Iota
5552:
4735:, Eastern Roman Emperor; either Illyrian or Thracian, born in
4611:
was a military commander proclaimed Emperor by the Roman army.
4409:
the god of the north wind; transformed into the mountain range
3372:
2997:
The Thracians were typically not city-builders and their only
1618:
760:
9914:
8635:
8547:
8075:
The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest
5502:
5294:
5147:
4982:
4650:
4438:
4342:
4226:
4178:
3957:
3831:
3719:
3693:
3666:
3630:
3455:
3448:
3427:
3423:
3366:
3338:
3326:
3318:
3303:
3250:
3130:
3095:
3083:
3056:
2998:
2935:
2858:
managed to resist many Greek attacks in Doriscus until then.
2846:
2686:
2578:
2514:
2424:
2420:
2404:
2307:
2252:
2211:
2101:
2019:
1885:
1860:, killing every living thing, including children and dogs in
1846:
1830:
1818:
1747:
1731:
1699:
1688:
1623:
1600:
1560:
1544:
1339:
1331:
1238:
1206:
1142:
1120:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1056:
1017:
970:
926:
868:
643:
401:
396:
376:
371:
366:
357:
343:
9670:
9072:
Cormack, James Maxwell Ross; Wilkes, John (2015). "Thrace".
6977:
6975:
6008:
5677:
5618:
Chichikova, M. The Thracian city - Terra Antiqua Balcanica.
4326:; featured in Apollodorus's account of the story of the hero
3353:. However, the Thracians as a group only disappeared in the
2957:
a type of soldier of this period that originated in Thrace.
2629:
proper and its approaches. Otanes then proceeded to capture
1833:, was considered one of the most bloodthirsty chieftains by
748:
10082:
10077:
9650:
8761:
8607:
6820:, Herwig Maehler, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 191.
6490:
6488:
6291:
6289:
5512:
5248:
4930:
4859:, the God of War and the progenitor of the Thracian people.
4856:
4835:
4502:
4468:
4380:
4347:
4270:
3921:
3769:
The Thracians were a warrior people, known as both skilled
3754:
3322:
3242:
turmoil would eventually end with one final assassination.
3174:
3060:
2891:
2842:
2690:
2129:
2074:
1841:
club for lawless youths was named after the thracian tribe
1673:
1647:
1327:
1296:
1246:
1177:
1151:
1061:
1032:
811:
in antiquity. They primarily resided on the territories of
786:
754:
339:
7680:
Gottfried Schramm: A New Approach to Albanian History 1994
7676:
7674:
7469:
6999:
6929:
6772:
6770:
5579:
Popov, D. The Greek intellectuals and the Thracian world.
2705:
with the Aegean coast, as well as with the port-cities of
1427:
from the time of the Proto-Indo-European expansion in the
757:
9539:
The Gods of Battle, The Thracians at War 1500 BC - 150 AD
9336:
7917:
6972:
4144:
3700:
and other historians of Ancient Greece also refer to the
3383:
In 570, Antoninus Placentius said that in the valleys of
2663:(Thracian) soldier of the Achaemenid army on the tomb of
2508:
river and then proceeded through the valley-route of the
2116:
This population is referred to with the following name:
1869:
1853:
1742:, calling them extravagant and high spirited; and in his
1334:) was held. They also inhabited large territories of the
391:
7146:
6747:
Reilly, Kevin; Kaufman, Stephen; Bodino, Angela (2003).
6554:
6552:
6485:
6286:
4758:, Eastern Roman Emperor from 450 to 457; born in either
4726:, Eastern Roman Emperor from 518 to 527; founder of the
3807:, the Thracians defeated the troops of the Roman consul
3214:
tribe came to the forefront initially under the rule of
3059:, and numbered 1600 when he reached the persian city of
2255:
during the seventh year of the reign of the Lydian king
1027:
and shared a common culture. The last reported use of a
867:, which began about 3500 BC. From it also developed the
9064:
Thracian Peltasts: And Their Influence on Greek Warfare
8033:. National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Sofia.
7671:
7316:
Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
6767:
6076:
2979:
During this period, contacts between the Thracians and
1954:
which led to associating the name with slaves when the
9606:"The Gundestrup Cauldron: Thracian Art, Celtic Motifs"
6590:
6588:
2598:
2050:, belonged mainly to the Aegean anthropological type.
1791:, which has been confirmed by archaeological evidence.
1746:
portrays them as a warlike nation, grouping them with
1523:
Thracians inhabited parts of the ancient provinces of
6987:
6932:"Linguistic evidence supports date for Homeric epics"
6549:
5854:
Oenomaus, Bythis, Thrax, Diomedes of Thrace, &c."
5605:
Fol, A. The History of Bulgarian lands in antiquity.
3677:
was part of the Thracian pantheon, although cults of
2443:
often had a geographical link, thus Thratta, used by
2310:
carries the shield of his Athenean master, 380–370 BC
2128:; these were led by Hippothous and Pylaeus, scion of
1966:
describes the Thracians as blue-eyed and red haired:
1060:, where the Thracians are described as allies of the
763:
9325:. Boston, MA: E.J. Brill Academic Publishers, 1989.
8311:
6728:
6606:
6230:
6027:
5961:
3443:
at the same time the individual phonetic history of
2557:
rivers, and at the end of his campaign, the king of
1946:
Several Thracian graves or tombstones have the name
1730:
as warlike, ferocious, bloodthirsty, and barbarian.
751:
9411:
8122:. New York, NY: Allsworth press. pp. 118–121.
8045:
Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons
6746:
6585:
6537:
6463:. Ed. Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. pp. 503–514.
6326:
6088:
5567:
5546:
5530:
5528:
3365:brought the gospel to "those mountain wolves", the
2356:", captured in these raids were the main source of
2278:
1650:and Perki is the reflexive name of the god Ares as
745:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9234:
7816:
7549:
7184:, Germany: Editions Universitaires (Switzerland);
6110:Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thrace"
4897:, a campaign mission has the player fight against
3218:. He was known to have granted assistance to both
3047:in his army, who accompnied him on his continuous
2743:themselves (most likely the Thracian tribes), and
1237:, whom the Thracians worshipped, is the same with
1233:, which has in it a trace of this man's name; and
8342:NATIONAL CENTRE FOR INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION
7977:, Genetic atlas of human admixture history (2014)
5696:
3597:, 1st-2nd century AD. Sabazios became popular in
3434:during the 9th century westwards into modern day
3261:. The central governing authority of Rome was in
2812:. Mardonius was however attacked at night by the
2725:("Saka beyond the sea", the Persian term for all
2202:Monumental Slab Relief of Thracian Migrations to
1856:were responsible for the worst atrocities in the
1683:in 5th century BC. In the 1st century BC, during
10133:
9721:List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes
7367:
6561:The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked
5938:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 76.
5737:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–125.
5525:
4720:or Maximinus Daza, Roman Emperor from 308 to 313
3426:, after their remnants were allegedly pushed by
2751:with shield-like hats", is believed to refer to
2222:. In 637 BC, the Treres under their king Kobos (
1672:– mythological Thracian king and son of the god
1599:. This area covered most of the Balkans and the
1501:List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes
16:Indo-European people in Ancient Southeast Europe
9241:The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice
9237:"Thracian Mounds in Bulgaria: Heritage at Risk"
9235:Loulanski, Tolina; Loulanski, Vesselin (2017).
8383:
7823:The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice
7819:"Thracian Mounds in Bulgaria: Heritage at Risk"
7817:Loulanski, Tolina; Loulanski, Vesselin (2017).
6829:Hecataeus mentions a Thracian tribe called the
6003:
5989:
5935:The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment
5931:
5879:
5804:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1
5108:
5054:
4980:
4974:
4569:
4541:
4490:
4471:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4318:
4300:
4282:
4273:
4267:
3916:began in the 20th century following the end of
3008:The conquest of the southern part of Thrace by
1705:
9646:Video about the Thracians and Thracian warfare
8480:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFBremmer1996 (
6323:. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023.
4824:is a cosmetic appearance for a character from
4276:; the mythological progenitor of the Thracians
3422:derived from the Christianized Thracian tribe
9686:
9071:
8491:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFDräger2007 (
8102:Patricia Turner and Charles Russell Coulter.
6981:
6239:] (in Romanian). Humanitas. p. 267.
5631:Danov, H. G. Thracian a source of knowledge.
4800:, is the protagonist of the 2020 video game
4301:; appears as a blind seer in accounts of the
3904:The scientific study of Thracian history and
716:
9030:
8670:
7920:"A genetic atlas of human admixture history"
7594:
7567:
7273:"The Extent of Persian Occupation in Thrace"
7016:
7014:
6709:"Thracian Clues To Our 'Barbarian' Heritage"
6378:
6019:sfn error: no target: CITEREFOlbrycht2000b (
5732:
5688:sfn error: no target: CITEREFVassileva2015 (
4363:either as a bard, a warrior, or a priest of
4133:
2693:mountain ranges till the site of modern-day
2340:that was the primary method employed by the
1490:
9470:. Thessaloniki (Doctoral thesis in Greek).
9164:Erdem, Zeynep Koçel; Şahin, Reyhan (2023).
9012:
8976:
8652:
8231:
7475:
7332:
5873:
5806:. Cambridge University Press. p. 836.
5335:Mask artifact from the prehistoric city of
3785:had a notable influence in Ancient Greece.
3184:, Thrace acknowledged Roman authority. The
2759:, as shown in the Imperial tomb reliefs of
1310:There was a Thraco-Scythian tribe known as
9726:List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
9716:List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
9693:
9679:
9666:Thrace and the Thracians (700 BC to 46 AD)
9488:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
9213:
9163:
9136:
8994:
8814:
8706:
8688:
7361:
7338:
7301:
7295:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
6681:"Herodotus' Histories and its reliability"
6388:. Dana, Estes & Company. pp. 3–4.
6170:
5448:List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
4806:. In the game, which is more aligned with
3912:. The academic archaeological research of
3379:in Egypt where Bessian was spoken by monks
2060:List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
1694:Currently, there are about 200 identified
1450:, and the third around 1200 BC during the
1322:, to the north-east of the Thracian tribe
1241:, which god sometimes goes by the name of
1132:
856:under the single ethnonym of "Thracians".
723:
709:
9656:Thrace Intro - Total War: Rome Remastered
9446:
9392:
9182:
9100:
8958:
8922:
8886:
8850:
8832:
8742:
8724:
8115:
8051:
7951:
7894:
7884:
7735:
7530:
7518:
7494:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
7402:. "Persia in Europe, apart from Greece".
7164:
7152:
7020:
7011:
7005:
6955:
6816:Ode 18, Dithyramb 4, verse 51, quoted in
6672:
6558:
6520:
6131:Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians
6082:
6014:
6001:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
5841:
5683:
4501:, mythological Thracian king, the son of
2344:for gathering slaves. In regions such as
2132:, sons twain of Pelasgian Lethus, son of
2120:"...And Hippothous led the tribes of the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
9463:
9075:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
8940:
8904:
8868:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8106:. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 152.
8057:
7487:
7208:
7115:
7027:Journal of the American Oriental Society
6700:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6038:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBatty2007 (
5925:
5801:
5757:
5432:Modern Bulgarian currency depicting the
4603:
4371:
4239:
4172:
3792:Thracian Warriors fresco, 4th century BC
3787:
3753:
3588:
3553:
3489:
3406:
3371:
3297:
3190:
3146:
3022:
2890:
2777:
2747:. The latter term, which translates as "
2671:The area included within the satrapy of
2655:
2603:, which was the self-designation of the
2480:
2263:and captured the capital city of Lydia,
2197:
2148:
2068:
1934:
1922:
1852:According to ancient Roman sources, the
1793:
1709:
1617:
1504:
1371:
1355:
1252:
1146:
848:became organized in different groups of
127:
9366:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
9291:
9084:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6417
8778:
8634:
8613:
8476:
8297:. ABC-CLIO. 27 June 2016. p. 552.
7736:Matzinger, Joachim (30 November 2016).
7345:The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2
7267:
7248:
7065:
7063:
6993:
6905:
6818:Bacchylides: a selection By Bacchylides
6494:
6458:
6349:. Wargames Research Group. p. 51.
6295:
4771:, Eastern Roman Emperor from 457 to 474
3681:and Zalmoxis likely overshadowed his.
1687:'s rule, emerged the powerful state of
1283:), one of the groups which made up the
10134:
9562:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
9535:
9527:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
9496:
9353:
9214:Howe, Timothy; Reames, Jeanne (2008).
8796:
8487:
8328:
8326:
8261:
8087:
8042:
7652:
7555:
7424:
7394:
6734:
6600:
6594:
6543:
6505:
6503:
6332:
6267:
6198:
6094:
6057:
5751:
5534:
4744:, Eastern Roman general; born into an
4387:endowed with legendary musical skills.
4322:, mythological king of Thrace; son of
3357:. Towards the end of the 4th century,
3290:fortresses to supplement the defense.
2485:Thracian Warriors during the reign of
2105:, where the population inhabiting the
1927:Thracian King and Queen fresco in the
1902:
1845:which might be the origin of the word
1257:Pottery Artwork of a mounted Thracian
9674:
8760:
8355:
8250:
8072:
7975:Multi-way admixture in Eastern Europe
7698:
7125:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
6869:Ancient Astrology Theory and Practice
6776:
6706:
6363:
6194:
6192:
6105:
6103:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6033:
5957:
5955:
5644:Raicheva, L. Thracians and Orpheism.
4790:
3718:All Thracians, especially us and the
2911:, spreading to parts of Southeastern
2459:, simply meant a Thracian woman. The
2171:along the Thracian coasts (first the
1225:...for the descendants of Thiras, as
852:that were later named by the ancient
9603:
9060:
8415:Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS).
8351:from the original on April 24, 2024.
8317:
7109:
7069:
7060:
6461:Tracii şi vecinii lor în antichitate
6344:
5906:
5880:Bruce K. Waltke (22 November 2016).
4527:, 460-445 BC; united many tribes of
3712:The male Thracians were polygamous.
2974:
2942:of Thrace, and also the short lived
2470:
2109:is said to have participated in the
1798:Traditional Thracian helmet made of
1611:, and it extended throughout all of
1291:, and as "Teresh of the Sea" on the
1162:and the progenitor of the Thracians
941:of 6,000 surviving rebels along the
913:The Thracians faced conquest by the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
10172:Archaeological cultures in Bulgaria
9542:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books.
9267:
8323:
7841:
7798:
7646:
6500:
5909:A Commentary On The Book Of Genesis
3970:Map of Thracian Archeological Sites
3728:rebuked the sexual advances of the
3238:in the final days of the Republic.
2880:
2439:. The names given to slaves in the
2136:. But the Thracians Acamas led and
1722:Thracians were regarded by ancient
1352:Prehistoric Balkans § Iron Age
1047:The first historical record of the
1000:elements. One of their customs was
898:were defeated by the Greeks in the
13:
9572:
9413:Caramelli, David (December 2019).
9343:Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine
9296:Entangled Histories of the Balkans
8500:
8467:- ChalcolithicBronzeAge Supplement
7993:European Journal of Human Genetics
6871:, Jean Rhys Bram 2005, pp. 14, 29.
6678:
6626:Herodotus (trans. G.C. Macaulay).
6261:
6189:
6100:
6046:
5952:
5932:Eliezer D. Oren (9 October 2013).
5453:List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia
4847:is set in an alternate version of
4814:. He encounters the Thracian bard
2597:), derived from Scythian the name
1497:List of tribes in Thrace and Dacia
1403:identifies the Thracians with the
1338:, in the region that later became
1213:, was described as the founder of
14:
10183:
9661:The Evolution of Thracian Helmets
9629:
6753:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 121–122.
4560:, 5th century BC; an ally of the
4232:
3613:One notable cult that existed in
3513:. Some genetic studies on modern
3286:saw the construction of over 100
2765:Second Persian invasion of Greece
2306:; on the right, a young Thracian
2144:
2064:
1668:. He dates it to the lifetime of
8591:
8579:
8567:
8536:
8520:
8512:History of the Peloponnesian War
8470:
8458:
8446:
8434:
8421:
8409:
8285:
8225:
8205:
8192:
8144:
8109:
8096:
8081:
8066:
8036:
8024:
7980:
7968:
7911:
7852:
7810:
7786:
7769:
7729:
7692:
7683:
7615:
7588:
6707:Klass, Rosanne (June 26, 1977).
6679:Hu, Rollin (February 11, 2016).
6563:. Clarendon Press. p. 100.
6205:History of the Peloponnesian War
6159:Stephanus Of Byzantium - Ethnica
5425:
5410:
5395:
5380:
5357:
5343:
5328:
5316:
5301:
5286:
5271:
5256:
5241:
5226:
5211:
5197:
5183:
5169:
5154:
5140:
5122:
5101:
5082:
5067:
5047:
5032:
5009:
4990:
4967:
4948:
4894:Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome
4665:, Roman Emperor from 235 to 238.
4169:Srubnaya culture § Genetics
4165:Catacomb culture § Genetics
4122:
4111:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
3986:The Valley of the Thracian Kings
3893:
3884:
3875:
3271:does not support Hellenization.
2528:campaigned against the Scythians
2315:
2295:
2280:Greek raids to enslave Thracians
1989:
1978:
1664:, also known as the location of
1068:against the Ancient Greeks. The
973:. Since the early 20th century,
741:
158:
30:
10032:Thracian tomb Golyama Arsenalka
9321:Best, Jan and De Vries, Nanny.
8335:"Advances in Bulgarian Science"
7561:
7536:
7488:Williams, Mary Frances (2004).
7481:
7440:
7388:
7202:
7174:The Cimmerians in the Near East
7170:Les Cimmériens au Proche-Orient
7158:
6923:
6911:
6887:
6874:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6823:
6810:
6805:Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker
6797:
6740:
6653:
6633:
6620:
6452:
6437:
6422:
6407:
6392:
6338:
6301:
6224:
6212:
6171:Billerbeck, Margarethe (2010).
6164:
6152:
6119:
5994:
5980:
5900:
5857:
5847:
5820:
5795:
5776:
5726:
5664:
5651:
4714:, Roman Emperor from 308 to 324
3302:Location of the thracian tribe
3120:
3102:and established the kingdom of
2717:on the Black Sea, and with the
1638:, a geographical dictionary by
1438:, mingling with the indigenous
41:needs additional citations for
9636:Thracians Encyclopedia Network
7021:Spalinger, Anthony J. (1978).
6616:. Longmans Green. p. 111.
5638:
5625:
5612:
5599:
5592:Fol, A. The Thracian orfeism.
5586:
5573:
5540:
4818:on his journey to the surface.
3996:mountains near the village of
3860:
3838:fortress and the death of the
3758:Pottery Artwork of a Thracian
3139:Scythia Minor (Roman province)
2960:At this time, a subculture of
2153:Pottery Artwork of a Thracian
925:, a Thracian warrior from the
1:
10162:Ancient tribes in the Balkans
10017:Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo
9971:Valley of the Thracian Rulers
9700:
9651:Information on Ancient Thrace
9500:The Thracians, 700 BC - AD 46
9271:(1998). Marazov, Ivan (ed.).
9253:10.1080/17567505.2017.1359918
9197:10.1017/CHOL9780521224963.015
9189:The Cambridge Ancient History
9147:10.1017/CHOL9780521224963.002
9139:The Cambridge Ancient History
9111:The Cambridge History of Iran
8104:Dictionary of Ancient Deities
7835:10.1080/17567505.2017.1359918
7404:The Cambridge Ancient History
7343:. In Ilya Gershevitch (ed.).
7227:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527
6686:The Johns Hopkins News-Letter
6175:(in German). pp. Theta.
5987:The Bible for Home and School
5962:Geoffrey W. Bromiley (1988).
5829:(Accessed: October 13, 2008).
5733:Vlassopoulos, Kostas (2013).
5519:
4188:A genetic study published in
3930:Valley of the Thracian Rulers
3849:
3811:, who was returning from the
3472:Genetic studies on Bulgarians
3200:
3067:who led them in the siege of
3051:to expand the borders of the
2038:, and likewise described the
1939:Thracian Woman fresco in the
1368:inhabited as early as 5000 BC
1271:, "who raided throughout the
1245:; and is one of the names of
948:Thracians were described as "
803:who inhabited large parts of
801:Indo-European speaking people
9536:Webber, Christopher (2011).
9497:Webber, Christopher (2001).
9393:Hoddinott, Ralph F. (1981).
8627:
8265:Еротичното в историята Том 2
8153:Ancient Greeks West and East
8119:The Shape of Ancient Thought
7886:10.1371/journal.pone.0056779
7667:. Balassi Kiadó. p. 60.
7188:(Germany). pp. 95–125.
6282:. Balassi Kiadó. p. 58.
6072:. Balassi Kiadó. p. 57.
5789:, no. 39, 1992, pp. 82–112.
5670:Mihailov, G. The Thracians.
5417:Thracian currency depicting
5004:under Philip II (359–336 BC)
4923:In the 2004 historical film
4359:described as having come to
3399:founded on the shore of the
3293:
2899:in its maximum extent under
2837:
2808:
2739:
2729:peoples to the north of the
2673:
2609:
2599:
2584:
2231:
1996:Hunting scene fresco in the
1706:Greek and Roman descriptions
1603:'s territories north of the
1249:, the god of the Thracians."
1121:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1042:
986:
929:tribe who was enslaved as a
860:
787:
435:
277:
7:
10152:Ancient tribes in Macedonia
9053:
8073:Isaac, Benjamin H. (1986).
6865:Matheseos Libri Octo, II. 1
6314:. Macmillan Reference USA.
5907:Gill, John (25 June 2018).
5440:
4913:Hercules: The Thracian Wars
4910:based on the graphic novel
4834:warriors who fought with a
4158:
3707:
3572:
3525:
3249:of the Thracian Kingdom of
2407:, and the others came from
1607:river as far as beyond the
1405:multi-cordoned ware culture
1020:. Thracians spoke the now
890:in the 5th century BC. The
667:
10:
10188:
10147:Ancient tribes in Bulgaria
10052:Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari
9805:Classification of Thracian
9439:10.1038/s41598-019-41945-0
9120:Cambridge University Press
8622:
8232:Advertorial (2021-11-17).
8116:McEvilley, Thomas (2002).
7661:White spots in the Balkans
7408:Cambridge University Press
7374:. UNESCO. pp. 44–46.
7339:J. M. Cook (6 June 1985).
7186:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
6837:, John v. day, 2001 p. 39.
6666:, no. 1, 1968, pp. 11–17.
6276:White spots in the Balkans
6066:White spots in the Balkans
5886:. Zondervan. p. 170.
4941:
4681:, Roman military commander
4659:, King of Dacia, 87–106 AD
4594:, 5th-4th century BC; the
4459:King of the Thracian tribe
4198:of 25 Thracian remains in
4162:
3864:
3853:
3747:
3743:
3582:
3576:
3539:
3529:
3520:
3475:
3469:
3226:, and later supported the
3188:comprised several tribes.
3124:
3039:began recruiting thracian
2884:
2763:, and participated in the
2653:for the Achaemenid Empire.
2591:
2493:In the 6th century BC the
2474:
2284:
2251:, attacked the kingdom of
2227:
2214:tribe migrated across the
2191:(the broader "land of the
2057:
2053:
1912:
1906:
1876:heads on their spears and
1679:The Thracians founded the
1494:
1407:that was pushed away from
1349:
1345:
1136:
1077:
776:
18:
10157:Ancient tribes in Romania
10111:
10065:
10057:Thracian tomb Shushmanets
10047:Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak
10009:
9963:
9939:
9923:
9897:
9841:
9832:
9792:
9785:
9734:
9708:
9305:10.1163/9789004290365_003
9044:] (in Ancient Greek).
9026:] (in Ancient Greek).
8990:] (in Ancient Greek).
8936:] (in Ancient Greek).
8900:] (in Ancient Greek).
8882:] (in Ancient Greek).
8864:] (in Ancient Greek).
8828:] (in Ancient Greek).
8792:] (in Ancient Greek).
8756:] (in Ancient Greek).
8738:] (in Ancient Greek).
8720:] (in Ancient Greek).
8702:] (in Ancient Greek).
8684:] (in Ancient Greek).
8666:] (in Ancient Greek).
8648:] (in Ancient Greek).
8427:Karachanak et al., 2012.
8090:De Zalmoxis à Gengis-Khan
7368:M. A. Dandamayev (1999).
7122:The Empire of the Steppes
6982:Cormack & Wilkes 2015
6777:Cohen, Beth, ed. (2000).
6559:Archibald, Zofia (1998).
6147:Kimbell Art – Exhibitions
5827:Navicula Bacchi – Θρηικίη
5351:Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak
4796:The chthonic Thacian god
4134:Multidisciplinary Studies
3732:women after the death of
3601:and had connections with
3465:
3397:Theodosius the Cenobiarch
3199:within the Roman Empire,
2287:Slavery in ancient Greece
1591:and other regions of the
1491:Identity and distribution
1205:(1697-1771) the biblical
1075:comes from Ancient Greek
863:emerged during the early
21:Thracian (disambiguation)
9323:Thracians and Mycenaeans
9168:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
9061:Best, Jan G. P. (1969).
8058:Nicoloff, Assen (1983).
8043:Lurker, Manfred (1987).
7848:Garrett Hellenthal et al
7209:Phillips, E. D. (1972).
7088:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008
7070:Dale, Alexander (2015).
6855:Clem. Alex. Strom. Vii.4
6628:The History of Herodotus
6310:Encyclopedia of religion
5758:Shchukin, M. B. (1989).
5672:New Bulgarian University
5323:Bear Rock at Harman Kaya
4671:, son of Maximus Thrax;
4531:under the banner of the
4523:, The First King of the
4346:fighting on the side of
3988:". The residence of the
3127:Thracia (Roman province)
2923:and parts of modern-day
2767:on the Achaemenid side.
2336:were a specific form of
2243:), in alliance with the
2028:Julius Firmicus Maternus
1714:Thracian Armor from the
1158:and courage. One of the
147:This article is part of
9622:10.3406/ecelt.2011.2326
9604:Kaul, Flemming (2011).
9397:. Thames & Hudson.
8088:Eliade, Mircea (1985).
7944:10.1126/science.1243518
7656:Fehér foltok a Balkánon
7653:Schütz, István (2006).
6750:Racism: A Global Reader
6644:Communication Quarterly
6307:Jones, Lindsay (2005).
6271:Fehér foltok a Balkánon
6268:Schütz, István (2006).
6237:Dictionary of religions
6233:Dicţionar al religiilor
6114:Encyclopedia Britannica
6061:Fehér foltok a Balkánon
6058:Schütz, István (2006).
5802:Boardman, John (1970).
4491:, mythological king of
4429:, mythological king of
4336:, mythological king of
4283:, mythological king of
3414:relief, 3rd century BC
3186:client state of Thracia
2833:second invasion attempt
1133:Mythological foundation
1125:). These forms are all
10042:Thracian tomb Helvetia
10037:Thracian tomb Griffins
9991:Panagyurishte Treasure
9476:10.26268/heal.uoi.3216
8978:Stephanus of Byzantium
8749:The Library of History
8574:Narodni muzej Niš 2015
8542:Most likely he was of
8271:. pp. 8, 13, 14.
8184:: CS1 maint: others (
7757:Cite journal requires
7542:Mogens Herman Hansen.
7476:Herodotus & 440 BC
6948:10.1002/bies.201200165
6783:. BRILL. p. 371.
5787:Archaeological Reports
5116:Panagyurishte Treasure
4822:Dacian Knight Pantheon
4612:
4396:, mythological king of
4388:
4260:
4208:Early European Farmers
4204:Western Steppe Herders
4185:
4067:Panagyurishte Treasure
3826:In the 2nd century AD
3793:
3766:
3610:
3585:Paleo-Balkan mythology
3562:
3506:
3415:
3380:
3310:
3207:
3155:
3090:, southern Greece and
3071:and in the battles of
3032:
2904:
2875:Athenian thalassocracy
2799:
2719:central Thracian plain
2668:
2490:
2240:
2207:
2164:
2096:
1972:
1943:
1932:
1807:
1719:
1640:Stephanus of Byzantium
1631:
1520:
1460:Mycenaean civilization
1388:
1369:
1262:
1251:
1163:
921:. Beginning in 73 BC,
839:Early European Farmers
796:
141:
10167:Indo-European peoples
9464:Samsaris, D. (1980).
8238:Wine Industry Advisor
7595:James Ashley (2004).
7568:James Ashley (2004).
6662:The Classical Journal
6345:Head, Duncan (1982).
5990:Macmillan, 1909 p. 90
5883:Genesis: A Commentary
5762:. B.A.R. p. 79.
5735:Greeks and Barbarians
5659:Thracians. BAS, Sofia
5402:Votive relief of the
5387:Votive relief of the
5266:Gate Karadzhov Kamak
5061:Helmet of Cotofenesti
4868:, tells the story of
4695:Constantine the Great
4633:, late 4th century BC
4609:Gaius Maximinus Thrax
4607:
4546:, 465-431 BC; son of
4375:
4243:
4194:in 2019 examined the
4176:
3791:
3757:
3625:and the lands of the
3592:
3557:
3493:
3410:
3375:
3301:
3194:
3154:in the 2nd century BC
3150:
3027:Mosaic depicting the
3026:
2919:), parts of Northern
2894:
2781:
2659:
2484:
2201:
2152:
2072:
2024:Clement of Alexandria
1968:
1938:
1926:
1797:
1738:groups them with the
1713:
1630:(82/61 BC – 45/44 BC)
1621:
1508:
1380:Arc at Momini Gardi,
1375:
1359:
1336:Transylvanian Plateau
1256:
1223:
1150:
994:polytheistic religion
992:Thracians followed a
933:by the Romans, led a
878:According to ancient
131:
9191:. pp. 582–618.
9104:(1985). "Media". In
9067:. Wolters-Noordhoff.
9032:Demetrios Chomatenos
8005:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50
7436:. The History Files.
7410:. pp. 246–253.
6608:Friedrich Max Müller
5911:. pp. 114–115.
5177:Tomb of the Griffins
4480:that were stolen by
4355:, legendary king of
3962:Getic burial complex
3942:Tomb of Aleksandrovo
3182:Third Macedonian War
3109:In western parts of
3010:Philip II of Macedon
2871:Kingdom of Macedonia
2259:. They defeated the
2107:Thracian Chersonesus
2016:Hecataeus of Miletus
1998:Tomb of Aleksandrovo
1626:during the reign of
1446:, the second in the
1413:Timber grave culture
1326:where the shield of
985:to learn more about
919:Third Macedonian War
835:Proto-Indo-Europeans
533:Battle of Callinicus
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
9996:Valchitran Treasure
9431:2019NatSR...9.5412M
9299:. pp. 10–117.
9019:History of the Wars
8965:Writings of Nicetas
7936:2014Sci...343..747H
7877:2013PLoSO...856779K
7793:Origin of The Slavs
7744:(in German): 15–16.
7176:] (in French).
6129:'s 1998 exhibition
5686:, pp. 322–323.
5622:IF C, 85–93 (1985).
5374:Belintash Sanctuary
5311:Complex Harman Kaya
5205:Tomb of Seuthes III
4733:Justinian the Great
4675:of the Roman Empire
4602:was named after him
4097:Gundestrup Treasure
4077:Valchitran Treasure
3956:, the sanctuary of
3641:) was that of the "
3559:The Ring of Ezerovo
3393:Simeon Metaphrastes
3259:Praetorian prefects
3037:Alexander the Great
1903:Physical appearance
1571:, the countries of
1454:. They reached the
1109:), and the toponym
908:Alexander the Great
677:Thracian Bulgarians
576:Justinian the Great
9981:Decebalus Treasure
9419:Scientific Reports
9122:. pp. 94–95.
8614:Homer & 750 BC
8060:Bulgarian Folklore
7805:Angelov et al 1981
7318:. pp. 23–25.
7303:Szemerényi, Oswald
6906:Homer & 750 BC
6714:The New York Times
6495:Strabo & 20 AD
6296:Strabo & 20 AD
6127:Kimbell Art Museum
6017:, p. 104-105.
5661:1, 110–274 (1979).
5368:Relief of the god
5295:Sanctuary of Tatul
4891:In the video game
4791:In popular culture
4769:Leo I the Thracian
4613:
4389:
4261:
4191:Scientific Reports
4186:
4177:High frequency of
3813:Battle of Magnesia
3794:
3773:and lightly armed
3767:
3611:
3563:
3550:Sinaia lead plates
3507:
3416:
3381:
3341:, accompanied by,
3311:
3208:
3156:
3096:remained in Thrace
3033:
2905:
2861:Around this time,
2800:
2669:
2491:
2364:. As described by
2208:
2165:
2097:
2036:Slavs had red hair
1944:
1933:
1808:
1720:
1632:
1622:Tribes inhabiting
1569:Thracian Chersones
1521:
1421:Indigenous peoples
1389:
1370:
1318:that lived in the
1263:
1164:
1113:comes from Θρᾴκη (
826:and north-western
807:and north-western
513:Greco-Persian Wars
142:
10129:
10128:
10001:Thracian treasure
9959:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9931:Thracian horseman
9757:Bithynian kingdom
9598:978-80-7671-069-6
9590:978-80-7671-068-9
9549:978-1-84415-835-5
9514:978-1-84176-329-3
9505:Osprey Publishing
9314:978-90-04-29036-5
9284:978-1-882507-06-1
9227:978-1-930053-56-4
9206:978-1-139-05428-7
9156:978-1-139-05428-7
9141:. pp. 1–74.
9129:978-0-521-20091-2
9106:Gershevitch, Ilya
9093:978-0-19-938113-5
9008:] (in Latin).
8972:] (in Latin).
8954:] (in Latin).
8947:Letters of Jerome
8918:] (in Latin).
8846:] (in Latin).
8810:] (in Latin).
8798:Pliny (the Elder)
8774:] (in Latin).
8731:Roman Antiquities
8677:Peloponnesian War
8562:Life of Maximinus
8455:- Lazaridis et al
8443:- Lazaridis et al
8304:978-1-61069-020-1
8278:978-954-400-514-6
7930:(6172): 747–751.
7713:978-90-04-42561-3
7601:pp. 34, 46.
7574:pp. 34, 46.
7417:978-0-521-22804-6
7396:Hammond, N. G. L.
7381:978-81-208-1540-7
7354:978-0-521-20091-2
7325:978-3-7001-0367-7
7269:Hammond, N. G. L.
7215:World Archaeology
7195:978-3-7278-0876-0
7166:Ivantchik, Askold
6880:Beth Cohen (ed.)
6790:978-90-04-11712-9
6760:978-0-7656-1060-7
6570:978-0-19-815047-3
6470:978-973-1871-58-5
6356:978-0-904417-26-5
6246:978-973-28-0394-3
6208:. Vol. 2.29.
6125:The catalogue of
5945:978-1-934536-43-8
5893:978-0-310-53102-9
5769:978-0-86054-690-0
5744:978-1-107-24426-9
5596:, 145–244 (1986).
5583:2, 13–203 (2013).
5468:Thracian religion
5434:Thracian Horseman
5404:Thracian Horseman
5389:Thracian Dionysus
5236:of Mishkova Niva
5191:Tomb of Sveshtari
5040:Diocese of Thrace
4904:In the 2014 film
4886:Third Servile War
4827:League of Legends
4728:Justinian dynasty
4566:Peloponnesian War
4516:Third Servile War
4478:man-eating horses
4102:Ravnogor Treasure
3992:was found in the
3938:Tomb of Sveshtari
3867:Thracian treasure
3702:ancient Thracians
3645:", also known as
3643:Thracian horseman
3579:Thracian religion
3542:Phrygian language
3532:Thracian language
3496:Paternal Lineages
3355:Early Middle Ages
3308:Rhodope Mountains
3268:Balkan Sprachbund
3053:Macedonian Empire
2975:Macedonian Thrace
2849:gave its land to
2796:Achaemenid Empire
2498:Achaemenid Empire
2489:(522 BC – 486 BC)
2471:Achaemenid Thrace
2216:Thracian Bosporus
1909:Thracian clothing
1858:Peloponnesian War
1411:by the advancing
1360:Ancient Thracian
1197:According to the
1139:Thrax (mythology)
1087:; plural Θρᾷκες,
1029:Thracian language
1025:Thracian language
989:and way of life.
892:Achaemenid Empire
850:indigenous people
785:
733:
732:
561:Third Servile War
523:Wars of Alexander
518:Peloponnesian War
126:
125:
118:
100:
10179:
10073:Thracian warfare
9986:Rogozen Treasure
9839:
9838:
9790:
9789:
9762:Phrygian kingdom
9747:Odrysian kingdom
9695:
9688:
9681:
9672:
9671:
9625:
9610:Études Celtiques
9567:
9561:
9553:
9532:
9526:
9518:
9493:
9487:
9479:
9460:
9450:
9408:
9389:
9363:
9350:
9318:
9288:
9264:
9231:
9220:. Regina Books.
9210:
9179:
9160:
9133:
9102:Diakonoff, I. M.
9097:
9068:
9045:
9027:
9009:
8991:
8973:
8955:
8937:
8919:
8901:
8883:
8865:
8847:
8829:
8811:
8793:
8775:
8757:
8739:
8721:
8703:
8685:
8667:
8649:
8617:
8611:
8605:
8595:
8589:
8583:
8577:
8571:
8565:
8540:
8534:
8524:
8518:
8504:
8498:
8496:
8485:
8474:
8468:
8462:
8456:
8450:
8444:
8438:
8432:
8425:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8402:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8371:. March 11, 2010
8359:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8339:
8330:
8321:
8315:
8309:
8308:
8289:
8283:
8282:
8270:
8259:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8244:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8209:
8203:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8183:
8175:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8113:
8107:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8085:
8079:
8078:
8070:
8064:
8063:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8040:
8034:
8028:
8022:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7955:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7888:
7856:
7850:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7814:
7808:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7773:
7767:
7766:
7760:
7755:
7753:
7745:
7743:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7696:
7690:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7650:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7634:
7628:. Archived from
7627:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7565:
7559:
7553:
7547:
7540:
7534:
7528:
7522:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7485:
7479:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7454:. Archived from
7444:
7438:
7437:
7428:
7422:
7421:
7392:
7386:
7385:
7365:
7359:
7358:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7313:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7265:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7143:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7067:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7018:
7009:
7008:, p. 94-55.
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6959:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6894:
6891:
6885:
6878:
6872:
6862:
6856:
6853:
6847:
6844:
6838:
6827:
6821:
6814:
6808:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6774:
6765:
6764:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6676:
6670:
6657:
6651:
6637:
6631:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6583:
6582:
6556:
6547:
6541:
6535:
6524:
6518:
6507:
6498:
6492:
6483:
6482:
6456:
6450:
6441:
6435:
6426:
6420:
6411:
6405:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6376:
6361:
6360:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6228:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6196:
6187:
6186:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6123:
6117:
6107:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6055:
6044:
6043:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6012:
6006:
6005:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5877:
5871:
5861:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5799:
5793:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5714:on 18 April 2021
5710:. Archived from
5700:
5694:
5693:
5681:
5675:
5674:2, 1–491 (2015).
5668:
5662:
5655:
5649:
5642:
5636:
5629:
5623:
5616:
5610:
5609:, 11–300 (2008).
5603:
5597:
5590:
5584:
5577:
5571:
5568:Modi et al. 2019
5565:
5550:
5547:Modi et al. 2019
5544:
5538:
5532:
5478:Thraco-Cimmerian
5473:Thracian warfare
5458:Odrysian kingdom
5429:
5414:
5399:
5384:
5361:
5347:
5332:
5320:
5305:
5290:
5275:
5260:
5245:
5230:
5215:
5201:
5187:
5173:
5158:
5144:
5130:Decorated Greave
5126:
5114:
5105:
5086:
5071:
5056:
5051:
5036:
5013:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4971:
4952:
4653:, 1st century BC
4641:Odrysian kingdom
4631:Odrysian kingdom
4621:Odrysian kingdom
4592:Odrysian kingdom
4584:, 5th century BC
4582:Odrysian kingdom
4571:
4558:Odrysian kingdom
4550:
4544:Odrysian kingdom
4525:Odrysian kingdom
4495:
4484:
4467:
4460:
4454:
4446:
4422:
4418:Balkan Mountains
4416:
4410:
4404:
4397:
4327:
4306:
4296:
4275:
4269:
4251:who led a major
4217:Examinations of
4153:ritual practices
4126:
4115:
4087:Lukovit Treasure
4072:Rogozen Treasure
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4024:
3944:, the cities of
3934:Tomb of Kazanlak
3914:Thracian culture
3897:
3888:
3879:
3750:Thracian warfare
3599:the Roman Empire
3561:, 5th century BC
3460:Byzantine Empire
3440:western Bulgaria
3247:Rhoemetalces III
3205:
3202:
3195:The province of
3152:Southeast Europe
2981:Classical Greece
2940:Odrysian kingdom
2917:Northern Dobruja
2897:Odrysian Kingdom
2887:Odrysian kingdom
2881:Odrysian Kingdom
2867:Odrysian kingdom
2840:
2827:When the Greeks
2811:
2782:The Province of
2742:
2676:
2612:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2573:the district of
2362:prisoners of war
2348:and the eastern
2319:
2299:
2234:
2229:
2206:, 5th century BC
2163:, 5th century BC
2000:, 4th century BC
1993:
1982:
1960:Rhesus of Thrace
1931:, 4th century BC
1929:Tomb of Kazanlak
1835:Diodorus Siculus
1829:, leader of the
1806:, 4th century BC
1718:, 4th century BC
1716:Odrysian Kingdom
1681:Odrysian kingdom
1448:Early Bronze Age
1429:Early Bronze Age
1417:Srubnaya culture
1397:material culture
1301:Hittite language
1261:, 5th century BC
1221:, stating that:
1160:Twelve Olympians
1124:
1119:; Ionic: Θρῄκη,
1118:
1108:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1054:is found in the
987:Thracian culture
888:Odrysian kingdom
861:Thracian culture
805:Southeast Europe
790:
780:
778:
770:
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
725:
718:
711:
460:Odrysian Kingdom
170:
162:
151:
144:
143:
140:, 4th century BC
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
10187:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10132:
10131:
10130:
10125:
10107:
10103:Thracian helmet
10061:
10010:Thracian cities
10005:
9976:Borovo Treasure
9951:
9935:
9919:
9893:
9828:
9820:Thraco-Phrygian
9810:Thraco-Illyrian
9781:
9752:Sapaean kingdom
9730:
9704:
9699:
9632:
9575:
9573:Further reading
9570:
9555:
9554:
9550:
9520:
9519:
9515:
9481:
9480:
9405:
9378:10.2307/3258667
9361:
9359:"The Thracians"
9357:(Summer 1977).
9315:
9285:
9228:
9207:
9176:
9157:
9130:
9114:. Vol. 2.
9094:
9056:
9050:
9048:
9037:Legend of Ohrid
8803:Natural History
8630:
8625:
8620:
8612:
8608:
8596:
8592:
8584:
8580:
8572:
8568:
8541:
8537:
8525:
8521:
8505:
8501:
8490:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8463:
8459:
8451:
8447:
8439:
8435:
8426:
8422:
8414:
8410:
8400:
8398:
8397:. June 21, 2011
8389:
8388:
8384:
8374:
8372:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8348:
8337:
8331:
8324:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8279:
8268:
8260:
8251:
8242:
8240:
8230:
8226:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8210:
8206:
8197:
8193:
8177:
8176:
8164:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8130:
8114:
8110:
8101:
8097:
8086:
8082:
8071:
8067:
8056:
8052:
8041:
8037:
8029:
8025:
7985:
7981:
7973:
7969:
7916:
7912:
7857:
7853:
7846:
7842:
7815:
7811:
7803:
7799:
7791:
7787:
7774:
7770:
7758:
7756:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7734:
7730:
7714:
7697:
7693:
7688:
7684:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7651:
7647:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7616:
7609:
7593:
7589:
7582:
7566:
7562:
7554:
7550:
7541:
7537:
7529:
7525:
7517:
7513:
7486:
7482:
7474:
7470:
7461:
7459:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7430:
7429:
7425:
7418:
7406:. Vol. 4.
7393:
7389:
7382:
7366:
7362:
7355:
7337:
7333:
7326:
7311:
7300:
7296:
7286:
7284:
7266:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7207:
7203:
7196:
7180:, Switzerland;
7163:
7159:
7151:
7147:
7137:
7114:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7068:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7019:
7012:
7004:
7000:
6992:
6988:
6980:
6973:
6928:
6924:
6916:
6912:
6904:
6897:
6892:
6888:
6884:. Leiden, 2000.
6879:
6875:
6863:
6859:
6854:
6850:
6845:
6841:
6828:
6824:
6815:
6811:
6802:
6798:
6791:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6745:
6741:
6733:
6729:
6719:
6717:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6677:
6673:
6658:
6654:
6638:
6634:
6625:
6621:
6605:
6601:
6593:
6586:
6571:
6557:
6550:
6542:
6538:
6525:
6521:
6508:
6501:
6493:
6486:
6471:
6457:
6453:
6442:
6438:
6427:
6423:
6412:
6408:
6397:
6393:
6377:
6364:
6357:
6343:
6339:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6306:
6302:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6266:
6262:
6247:
6229:
6225:
6219:Fol et al. 1998
6217:
6213:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6169:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6124:
6120:
6108:
6101:
6093:
6089:
6081:
6077:
6069:
6056:
6047:
6037:
6032:
6028:
6018:
6013:
6009:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5981:
5971:
5969:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5930:
5926:
5919:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5878:
5874:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5848:
5840:
5833:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5800:
5796:
5781:
5777:
5770:
5756:
5752:
5745:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5682:
5678:
5669:
5665:
5656:
5652:
5643:
5639:
5635:, 50–58 (1998).
5630:
5626:
5617:
5613:
5607:Tangra TanNakRa
5604:
5600:
5591:
5587:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5553:
5545:
5541:
5533:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5488:Thraco-Illyrian
5443:
5436:
5430:
5421:
5415:
5406:
5400:
5391:
5385:
5376:
5362:
5353:
5348:
5339:
5333:
5324:
5321:
5312:
5306:
5297:
5291:
5282:
5276:
5267:
5261:
5252:
5246:
5237:
5231:
5222:
5216:
5207:
5202:
5193:
5188:
5179:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5150:
5145:
5136:
5134:Tomb of Cotys I
5127:
5118:
5106:
5097:
5087:
5078:
5074:Bronze Head of
5072:
5063:
5052:
5043:
5037:
5028:
5014:
5005:
4995:
4986:
4972:
4963:
4953:
4944:
4878:Slave Rebellion
4841:The video game
4808:Greek mythology
4793:
4748:, Thracian, or
4663:Maximinus Thrax
4379:was a Thracian
4274:or Ares himself
4247:was a Thracian
4235:
4171:
4161:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4092:Dabene Treasure
4082:Borovo Treasure
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4025:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3803:In 188 BC near
3781:. The Thracian
3765:5th century BC
3752:
3746:
3710:
3661:, a god of the
3593:Bronze hand of
3587:
3581:
3575:
3552:
3546:Mysian language
3538:
3536:Dacian language
3530:Main articles:
3528:
3523:
3488:
3478:Northern Thrace
3474:
3468:
3296:
3282:. The reign of
3280:Germanic tribes
3230:armies against
3203:
3164:Battle of Pydna
3160:Macedonian Wars
3145:
3125:Main articles:
3123:
3029:Battle of Issus
2977:
2925:European Turkey
2889:
2883:
2820:and modern-day
2816:in the area of
2757:Achaemenid army
2592:
2479:
2473:
2352:, natives, or "
2331:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:Thraco-Phrygian
2320:
2312:
2311:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2147:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1921:
1919:Phrygian helmet
1911:
1905:
1880:such as in the
1789:human sacrifice
1708:
1696:Thracian tribes
1503:
1495:Main articles:
1493:
1362:Megalithic City
1354:
1348:
1299:, known in the
1293:Merneptah Stele
1168:Greek mythology
1145:
1137:Main articles:
1135:
1045:
744:
740:
729:
682:Thracian Greeks
571:Maximinus Thrax
528:Battle of Issus
168:
149:
132:Bronze Head of
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10185:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10115:
10113:
10112:Modern studies
10109:
10108:
10106:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10027:Ostrusha mound
10024:
10019:
10013:
10011:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9960:
9957:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9950:
9949:
9943:
9941:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9933:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9901:
9899:
9898:Female deities
9895:
9894:
9892:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9845:
9843:
9836:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9826:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9796:
9794:
9787:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9742:Thracian kings
9738:
9736:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9712:
9710:
9706:
9705:
9698:
9697:
9690:
9683:
9675:
9669:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9631:
9630:External links
9628:
9627:
9626:
9601:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9568:
9548:
9533:
9513:
9494:
9461:
9409:
9404:978-0500020999
9403:
9390:
9355:Casson, Lionel
9351:
9334:
9319:
9313:
9289:
9283:
9269:Fol, Alexander
9265:
9247:(3): 246–277.
9232:
9226:
9211:
9205:
9180:
9175:978-1803274614
9174:
9161:
9155:
9134:
9128:
9098:
9092:
9069:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9047:
9046:
9028:
9010:
8992:
8974:
8956:
8938:
8920:
8902:
8884:
8866:
8848:
8830:
8821:Parallel Lives
8812:
8794:
8776:
8758:
8740:
8722:
8704:
8686:
8668:
8650:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8618:
8606:
8590:
8586:Papazoglu 1969
8578:
8566:
8535:
8519:
8499:
8477:Bremmer (1996)
8469:
8457:
8445:
8433:
8420:
8408:
8382:
8354:
8322:
8320:, p. 111.
8310:
8303:
8284:
8277:
8249:
8224:
8204:
8191:
8162:
8143:
8128:
8108:
8095:
8080:
8077:. p. 257.
8065:
8050:
8047:. p. 151.
8035:
8023:
7999:(1): 124–131.
7979:
7967:
7910:
7851:
7840:
7829:(3): 246–277.
7809:
7797:
7785:
7768:
7759:|journal=
7728:
7712:
7691:
7682:
7670:
7645:
7614:
7608:978-0786419180
7607:
7587:
7581:978-0786419180
7580:
7560:
7548:
7535:
7531:Garašanin 1982
7523:
7519:Garašanin 1982
7511:
7500:(3): 257–277.
7480:
7468:
7439:
7423:
7416:
7400:Fol, Alexander
7387:
7380:
7360:
7353:
7331:
7324:
7294:
7247:
7221:(2): 129–138.
7201:
7194:
7157:
7155:, p. 126.
7153:Diakonoff 1985
7145:
7135:
7117:Grousset, René
7108:
7059:
7039:10.2307/599752
7033:(4): 400–409.
7010:
7006:Diakonoff 1985
6998:
6986:
6971:
6942:(5): 417–420.
6922:
6910:
6908:, Book II 480.
6895:
6886:
6873:
6857:
6848:
6846:De Temp. II. 5
6839:
6822:
6809:
6796:
6789:
6766:
6759:
6739:
6727:
6699:
6671:
6652:
6632:
6619:
6599:
6584:
6569:
6548:
6536:
6519:
6499:
6484:
6469:
6451:
6436:
6421:
6406:
6391:
6362:
6355:
6337:
6325:
6319:
6300:
6285:
6260:
6245:
6223:
6211:
6188:
6182:978-3111738505
6181:
6163:
6151:
6118:
6116:, 15 Mar. 2024
6099:
6087:
6083:Hoddinott 1981
6075:
6045:
6036:, p. 205.
6026:
6015:Olbrycht 2000b
6007:
5993:
5979:
5951:
5944:
5924:
5917:
5899:
5892:
5872:
5856:
5846:
5842:Garašanin 1982
5831:
5819:
5812:
5794:
5775:
5768:
5750:
5743:
5725:
5695:
5684:Vassileva 2015
5676:
5663:
5650:
5648:, 5–59 (2014).
5637:
5633:Veliko Tarnovo
5624:
5611:
5598:
5585:
5572:
5551:
5539:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5431:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5394:
5392:
5386:
5379:
5377:
5363:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5292:
5285:
5283:
5277:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5240:
5238:
5234:Ancient Temple
5232:
5225:
5223:
5217:
5210:
5208:
5203:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5153:
5151:
5146:
5139:
5137:
5128:
5121:
5119:
5107:
5100:
5098:
5088:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5066:
5064:
5053:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5031:
5029:
5015:
5008:
5006:
4996:
4989:
4987:
4973:
4966:
4964:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4921:
4902:
4889:
4882:Roman Republic
4862:The 1960 film
4860:
4849:ancient Greece
4839:
4819:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4781:
4772:
4766:
4753:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4718:Maximinus Daia
4715:
4709:
4701:and Thracian (
4692:
4682:
4676:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4644:
4639:, King of the
4634:
4629:, King of the
4624:
4619:, King of the
4614:
4590:, King of the
4585:
4580:, King of the
4575:
4556:, King of the
4551:
4542:, King of the
4536:
4518:
4509:
4505:and the naiad
4496:
4485:
4447:
4423:
4390:
4350:
4331:
4316:
4307:
4277:
4257:Roman Republic
4253:slave uprising
4234:
4233:Notable people
4231:
4160:
4157:
4145:genetic makeup
4135:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4015:
3990:Odrysian kings
3968:
3967:
3966:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3862:
3859:
3854:Main article:
3851:
3848:
3828:Emperor Trajan
3809:Manlius Vulzon
3777:fighting with
3748:Main article:
3745:
3742:
3709:
3706:
3657:name as Heros
3577:Main article:
3574:
3571:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3486:Eastern Thrace
3482:Western Thrace
3470:Main article:
3467:
3464:
3412:Thracian Rider
3361:the Bishop of
3304:Bessoi (Bessi)
3295:
3292:
3122:
3119:
3086:advanced into
2976:
2973:
2944:Dacian kingdom
2885:Main article:
2882:
2879:
2761:Naqsh-e Rostam
2745:Yauna Takabara
2723:Saka Paradraya
2681:river and the
2475:Main article:
2472:
2469:
2453:The Acharnians
2360:, rather than
2342:ancient Greeks
2326:Bearded Helmet
2321:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:Main article:
2282:
2277:
2185:Aegean islands
2169:Greek colonies
2146:
2145:Archaic period
2143:
2066:
2065:Homeric period
2063:
2055:
2052:
2044:Ancient Greeks
1995:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1941:Ostrusha Mound
1907:Main article:
1904:
1901:
1897:Archaeologists
1707:
1704:
1685:King Burebista
1492:
1489:
1456:Aegean islands
1436:Late Neolithic
1425:Indo-Europeans
1347:
1344:
1275:"; and to the
1134:
1131:
1093:) or Θρᾴκιος (
1044:
1041:
731:
730:
728:
727:
720:
713:
705:
702:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
671:
670:
664:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
588:
587:
581:
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
550:
549:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
497:
496:
490:
489:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
439:
438:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
355:
346:
334:
333:
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
281:
280:
274:
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
180:
179:
173:
172:
164:
163:
155:
154:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10184:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10110:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10022:Mogilan mound
10020:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9968:
9966:
9962:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9938:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9924:Other figures
9922:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9902:
9900:
9896:
9890:
9889:Zibelthiurdos
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9815:Daco-Thracian
9813:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9791:
9788:
9784:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9733:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9707:
9703:
9696:
9691:
9689:
9684:
9682:
9677:
9676:
9673:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9633:
9623:
9619:
9616:(1): 81–110.
9615:
9611:
9607:
9602:
9600:(online: pdf)
9599:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9581:
9577:
9576:
9565:
9559:
9551:
9545:
9541:
9540:
9534:
9530:
9524:
9516:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9495:
9491:
9485:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9468:
9462:
9458:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9440:
9436:
9432:
9428:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9406:
9400:
9396:
9395:The Thracians
9391:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9360:
9356:
9352:
9349:(4): 239–246.
9348:
9344:
9340:
9335:
9332:
9331:90-04-08864-4
9328:
9324:
9320:
9316:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9297:
9290:
9286:
9280:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9233:
9229:
9223:
9219:
9218:
9212:
9208:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9181:
9177:
9171:
9167:
9162:
9158:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9135:
9131:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9089:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9076:
9070:
9066:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9051:
9043:
9039:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8966:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8948:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8894:
8893:Roman History
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8876:
8875:Roman History
8871:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8817:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8804:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8786:
8781:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8632:
8615:
8610:
8602:
8601:
8594:
8587:
8582:
8575:
8570:
8563:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8523:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8494:
8489:
8488:Dräger (2007)
8483:
8478:
8473:
8466:
8461:
8454:
8449:
8442:
8437:
8431:
8424:
8418:
8412:
8396:
8392:
8386:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8358:
8347:
8344:. p. 8.
8343:
8336:
8329:
8327:
8319:
8314:
8306:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8288:
8280:
8274:
8267:
8266:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8239:
8235:
8228:
8214:
8208:
8201:
8195:
8187:
8181:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8163:90-04-11190-5
8159:
8155:
8154:
8147:
8139:
8135:
8131:
8129:9781581159332
8125:
8121:
8120:
8112:
8105:
8099:
8092:. p. 35.
8091:
8084:
8076:
8069:
8062:. p. 50.
8061:
8054:
8046:
8039:
8032:
8027:
8020:
8017:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7983:
7976:
7971:
7963:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7914:
7906:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7871:(3): e56779.
7870:
7866:
7862:
7855:
7849:
7844:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7801:
7794:
7789:
7782:
7781:9781476681757
7778:
7772:
7764:
7751:
7739:
7732:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7695:
7686:
7677:
7675:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7649:
7635:on 2011-07-18
7631:
7624:
7618:
7610:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7591:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7572:
7564:
7557:
7552:
7545:
7539:
7532:
7527:
7520:
7515:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7472:
7458:on 2017-02-04
7457:
7453:
7452:xinhuanet.com
7449:
7443:
7435:
7434:
7427:
7419:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7391:
7383:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7364:
7356:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7335:
7327:
7321:
7317:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7298:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7205:
7197:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7154:
7149:
7142:
7138:
7136:0-8135-1304-9
7132:
7128:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7112:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7066:
7064:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7015:
7007:
7002:
6996:, p. 11.
6995:
6990:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6967:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6926:
6920:
6914:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6890:
6883:
6877:
6870:
6866:
6861:
6852:
6843:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6819:
6813:
6806:
6800:
6792:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6773:
6771:
6762:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6743:
6737:, p. 17.
6736:
6731:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6703:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6665:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6636:
6629:
6623:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6596:
6591:
6589:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6562:
6555:
6553:
6545:
6540:
6533:
6529:
6523:
6516:
6515:The Thracians
6512:
6506:
6504:
6496:
6491:
6489:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6402:
6395:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6358:
6352:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6329:
6322:
6320:9780028659824
6317:
6313:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6292:
6290:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6215:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6184:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6161:, Theta 316.9
6160:
6155:
6148:
6144:
6141:and parts of
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6104:
6096:
6091:
6085:, p. 27.
6084:
6079:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6041:
6035:
6030:
6022:
6016:
6011:
6004:(1995) p. 859
6002:
5997:
5988:
5983:
5967:
5966:
5958:
5956:
5947:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5928:
5920:
5918:9781721660933
5914:
5910:
5903:
5895:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5860:
5850:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5813:0-521-85073-8
5809:
5805:
5798:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5761:
5754:
5746:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5691:
5685:
5680:
5673:
5667:
5660:
5654:
5647:
5641:
5634:
5628:
5621:
5615:
5608:
5602:
5595:
5589:
5582:
5581:Iztok - Zapad
5576:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5548:
5543:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5524:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:Thraco-Dacian
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5428:
5423:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5398:
5393:
5390:
5383:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5289:
5284:
5281:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5224:
5221:
5214:
5209:
5206:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5172:
5167:
5164:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5148:Tomb of Mezek
5143:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5104:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5085:
5080:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:, a Thracian
4871:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4340:; appears in
4339:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4291:; son of the
4290:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4179:E-V13 (E1b1b)
4175:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4125:
4114:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3954:Sarmizegetusa
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3868:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3836:Sarmisegetusa
3833:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3653:" known by a
3652:
3649:or "Thracian
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:Scythia Minor
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:slavicisation
3348:
3344:
3343:hellenization
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2983:intensified.
2982:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:Ionian Revolt
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:slave-dealers
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2225:
2224:Ancient Greek
2221:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2083:Thracian Caps
2080:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1992:
1981:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:would impale
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:Carthaginians
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:According to
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:Scythia Minor
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Mediterranean
1474:
1470:
1469:Ancient Greek
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:, ending the
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1217:identical to
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
783:
774:
773:Ancient Greek
768:
738:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
707:
706:
704:
703:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
672:
669:
666:
665:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
589:
586:
583:
582:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
495:
492:
491:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
437:
434:
433:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
359:
356:
354:
350:
347:
345:
341:
338:
337:
336:
335:
332:
329:
328:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
279:
276:
275:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
183:
182:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
166:
165:
161:
157:
156:
152:
146:
145:
139:
135:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
9842:Male deities
9777:Thraco-Roman
9709:Demographics
9701:
9613:
9609:
9579:
9538:
9499:
9466:
9422:
9418:
9394:
9369:
9365:
9346:
9342:
9322:
9295:
9273:
9244:
9240:
9216:
9188:
9184:
9165:
9138:
9110:
9074:
9063:
9049:
9041:
9036:
9023:
9018:
9005:
9000:
8987:
8982:
8969:
8964:
8951:
8946:
8933:
8928:
8915:
8910:
8897:
8892:
8879:
8874:
8861:
8856:
8843:
8838:
8825:
8820:
8807:
8802:
8789:
8784:
8771:
8766:
8753:
8748:
8735:
8730:
8717:
8712:
8699:
8694:
8681:
8676:
8663:
8658:
8645:
8640:
8609:
8598:
8593:
8581:
8569:
8561:
8555:
8544:Thraco-Roman
8538:
8526:
8522:
8510:
8502:
8472:
8460:
8448:
8436:
8423:
8411:
8399:. Retrieved
8385:
8373:. Retrieved
8366:
8357:
8341:
8313:
8293:
8287:
8264:
8262:Ангел Гоев.
8241:. Retrieved
8237:
8227:
8216:. Retrieved
8207:
8194:
8152:
8146:
8118:
8111:
8103:
8098:
8089:
8083:
8074:
8068:
8059:
8053:
8044:
8038:
8026:
7996:
7992:
7982:
7970:
7927:
7923:
7913:
7868:
7864:
7854:
7843:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7800:
7788:
7771:
7750:cite journal
7731:
7702:
7694:
7685:
7660:
7655:
7648:
7637:. Retrieved
7630:the original
7617:
7597:
7590:
7570:
7563:
7551:
7543:
7538:
7526:
7514:
7497:
7493:
7483:
7471:
7460:. Retrieved
7456:the original
7451:
7442:
7432:
7426:
7403:
7390:
7370:
7363:
7344:
7334:
7307:
7297:
7285:. Retrieved
7280:
7276:
7238:. Retrieved
7218:
7214:
7204:
7173:
7169:
7160:
7148:
7140:
7121:
7111:
7099:. Retrieved
7079:
7075:
7050:. Retrieved
7030:
7026:
7001:
6994:Marinov 2015
6989:
6939:
6935:
6925:
6913:
6889:
6881:
6876:
6868:
6867:, quoted in
6864:
6860:
6851:
6842:
6834:
6830:
6825:
6817:
6812:
6804:
6799:
6779:
6749:
6742:
6730:
6718:. Retrieved
6712:
6702:
6690:. Retrieved
6684:
6674:
6667:
6661:
6655:
6650:(1), 24–31.
6647:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6622:
6612:
6602:
6597:, p. 7.
6560:
6546:, p. 6.
6539:
6527:
6522:
6510:
6460:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6424:
6414:
6409:
6399:
6394:
6384:
6380:Victor Duruy
6346:
6340:
6335:, p. 3.
6328:
6309:
6303:
6275:
6270:
6263:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6214:
6203:
6172:
6166:
6154:
6130:
6121:
6113:
6097:, p. 3.
6090:
6078:
6065:
6060:
6029:
6010:
6000:
5996:
5986:
5982:
5970:. Retrieved
5964:
5934:
5927:
5908:
5902:
5882:
5875:
5864:
5859:
5849:
5822:
5803:
5797:
5790:
5786:
5778:
5759:
5753:
5734:
5728:
5716:. Retrieved
5712:the original
5698:
5679:
5671:
5666:
5658:
5653:
5645:
5640:
5632:
5627:
5619:
5614:
5606:
5601:
5593:
5588:
5580:
5575:
5542:
5493:Thraco-Roman
5293:Sacrificial
5218:Eagle Rocks
5042:(314–535 AD)
4924:
4911:
4905:
4892:
4880:against the
4863:
4842:
4830:inspired by
4825:
4821:
4802:
4705:) mother in
4643:, 384-360 BC
4623:, 405–387 BC
4596:Amadok Point
4341:
4255:against the
4236:
4216:
4212:
4189:
4187:
4149:architecture
4141:ethnogenesis
4137:
4002:
3982:Georgi Kitov
3975:
3969:
3928:such as the
3918:World War II
3903:
3825:
3802:
3795:
3768:
3759:
3717:
3711:
3688:in Greek or
3683:
3658:
3612:
3564:
3508:
3500:Paleo-Balkan
3453:
3417:
3382:
3347:romanization
3312:
3273:
3266:
3257:, and later
3244:
3240:
3209:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3143:Thraco-Roman
3121:Roman Thrace
3108:
3084:Celtic Gauls
3081:
3034:
3007:
2996:
2988:Cersobleptes
2985:
2978:
2967:called the "
2959:
2951:
2929:
2906:
2903:(431–424 BC)
2860:
2826:
2801:
2769:
2744:
2737:Seas ); the
2722:
2670:
2536:
2492:
2445:Aristophanes
2394:
2332:
2322:Traditional
2304:loutrophoros
2279:
2218:and invaded
2209:
2188:
2166:
2154:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2100:
2098:
2086:
2081:- they wear
2079:Trojan Horse
2032:
2006:
1969:
1947:
1945:
1915:Phrygian cap
1894:
1851:
1809:
1785:Victor Duruy
1775:
1743:
1735:
1721:
1693:
1678:
1656:
1635:
1633:
1615:in the west.
1522:
1467:
1464:
1433:
1390:
1309:
1304:
1289:Ramesses III
1276:
1266:
1264:
1224:
1196:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1103:: Θρηίκιος,
1072:
1055:
1051:
1046:
998:monotheistic
991:
947:
912:
900:Persian Wars
877:
858:
843:
832:
736:
734:
566:Thraco-Roman
547:Roman Thrace
302:Construction
286:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
9964:Archaeology
9425:(1): 5412.
8929:Ad Eunomium
8888:Cassius Dio
8597:Euripides,
8528:Bibliotheca
7556:Webber 2001
7101:10 November
7082:: 151–166.
6803:Diels, B16,
6735:Webber 2001
6595:Webber 2001
6544:Webber 2001
6526:Polyaenus.
6509:Polyaenus.
6333:Webber 2001
6095:Casson 1977
5863:Euripides,
5646:IK Ogledalo
5535:Webber 2001
5419:Seuthes III
5076:Seuthes III
4779:Justinian I
4627:Seuthes III
4564:during the
4412:Haemus Mons
4285:Salmydessus
4225:haplogroup
4206:(WSHs) and
3994:Sredna Gora
3950:Seuthopolis
3926:sanctuaries
3861:Archaeology
3775:skirmishers
3391:written by
3389:hagiography
3385:Mount Sinai
3377:Mount Sinai
3255:Procurators
3232:Mark Antony
3216:Rhascuporis
3158:During the
3082:In 279 BC,
3065:Sitalces II
3045:javelin men
3035:In 336 BC,
3003:Seuthopolis
2992:Macedonians
2818:Lake Doiran
2753:Macedonians
2437:Peloponnese
2388:throughout
2386:slaveowners
2334:Slave raids
2175:, then the
2159:fighting a
2095:4th-century
2077:accept the
2008:Bacchylides
1585:Mariandynia
1512:inhabiting
1481:Macedonians
1285:Sea Peoples
1281:Tyrrhenians
1201:theologian
1154:the god of
983:Archaeology
939:crucifixion
822:, northern
692:Archaeology
475:Seuthes III
224:Seuthopolis
134:Seuthes III
65:"Thracians"
10136:Categories
10119:Thracology
9910:Iambadoule
9859:Pleistoros
9854:Gebeleizis
9372:(1): 3–6.
8839:The Annals
8672:Thucydides
8616:, Book II.
8507:Thucydides
8243:2022-08-15
8218:2022-08-15
7639:2010-09-21
7462:2016-05-26
7287:20 January
7240:5 November
7052:25 October
6579:1000881553
6530:. Book 7,
6528:Strategems
6513:. Book 7,
6511:Strategems
6428:Polybius.
6221:, p. 32-71
6200:Thucydides
6034:Batty 2007
5708:Britannica
5520:References
5337:Solnitsata
5309:Megalithic
5280:Necropolis
5264:Underworld
5113:of a Deer,
5021:Lysimachus
4955:Tribes in
4935:Trojan War
4918:King Cotys
4876:who led a
4844:God of War
4812:Persephone
4742:Belisarius
4649:, King of
4617:Seuthes II
4600:Antarctica
4588:Amadocus I
4573:Sparatocus
4539:Sparatocus
4163:See also:
3946:Perperikon
3910:Thracology
3908:is called
3865:See also:
3856:Thracology
3850:Thracology
3830:conquered
3716:puts it: "
3663:underworld
3659:Karabazmos
3583:See also:
3540:See also:
3515:Bulgarians
3511:Bulgarians
3494:Bulgarian
3476:See also:
3349:and later
3335:Sarmatians
3306:, Western
3228:Republican
3204: 116
3180:After the
3014:Lysimachus
2901:Sitalces I
2873:, and the
2627:Hellespont
2625:, and the
2593:𐎿𐎤𐎢𐎭𐎼
2520:Aegean Sea
2409:Cappadocia
2384:and other
2354:barbarians
2245:Cimmerians
2181:Black Seas
2167:The first
2111:Trojan War
2091:manuscript
2058:See also:
2048:Bulgarians
2010:described
1964:Xenophanes
1913:See also:
1882:Kallinikos
1878:rhomphaias
1866:Mycalessos
1783:historian
1658:Thucydides
1652:*Perkʷūnos
1452:Trojan War
1440:Pelasgians
1366:Perperikon
1350:See also:
1273:Aegean sea
1066:Trojan War
1037:Thracology
981:have used
954:barbarians
943:Appian Way
910:'s death.
865:Bronze Age
813:modern-day
799:) were an
697:Thracology
639:Zbelthourd
508:Trojan War
264:Singidunum
239:Samothrace
214:Perperikon
106:April 2022
76:newspapers
10142:Thracians
10088:Rhomphaia
9864:Rincaleus
9772:Crestonia
9702:Thracians
9592:(print),
9558:cite book
9523:cite book
9484:cite book
9261:134064117
9116:Cambridge
9014:Procopius
8996:Joradanes
8911:Chronicon
8857:Geography
8785:Geography
8726:Dionysius
8713:Histories
8659:Histories
8654:Herodotus
8628:Classical
8318:Best 1969
8180:cite book
8138:460134637
7722:1874-6705
7182:Göttingen
7096:165043567
6936:BioEssays
6720:March 13,
6692:March 13,
6664:, vol. 64
6532:Clearchus
6479:844101517
6443:Tacitus.
6431:Histories
6255:489886127
6137:, all of
5508:Phrygians
5251:of Gagovo
5220:Sanctuary
4975:Tribes in
4961:Macedonia
4899:Spartacus
4874:Gladiator
4870:Spartacus
4865:Spartacus
4703:Bithynian
4657:Decebalus
4647:Burebista
4578:Seuthes I
4562:Athenians
4512:Spartacus
4445:mountains
4343:The Iliad
4303:Argonauts
4293:Phonecian
4249:gladiator
4245:Spartacus
3978:treasures
3906:artifacts
3844:Decebalus
3698:Herodotus
3420:Albanians
3363:Remesiana
3331:Scythians
3294:Aftermath
3288:legionary
3284:Justinian
3263:Perinthus
3171:Andriscus
3115:Scordisci
3113:, Celts (
3088:Macedonia
3077:Gaugamela
3069:Telmissus
2948:Burebista
2932:Herodotus
2822:Valandovo
2804:Mardonius
2794:) in the
2792:Macedonia
2711:Mesembria
2707:Apollonia
2695:Kostenets
2643:Lamponeia
2639:Antandrus
2635:Chalcedon
2631:Byzantium
2623:Propontis
2605:Scythians
2567:Histiaeus
2563:Amyntas I
2559:Macedonia
2547:Paeonians
2539:Perinthus
2532:Megabazus
2461:ethnicity
2449:The Wasps
2403:, 7 from
2382:Athenians
2302:Funerary
2269:Sadyattes
2040:Scythians
1890:Herodotus
1821:with the
1811:Polyaenus
1756:Scythians
1740:Scythians
1628:Burebista
1581:Crestonia
1533:Macedonia
1518:Macedonia
1401:Leo Klejn
1378:Sanctuary
1376:Thracian
1316:Agathyrsi
1209:, son of
1203:John Gill
1188:Euripides
1180:. In the
1106:Thrēikios
1096:Thrāikios
1043:Etymology
1014:Scythians
1002:tattooing
956:" by the
931:gladiator
923:Spartacus
782:romanized
737:Thracians
634:Asclepius
585:Mythology
556:Spartacus
317:Mysteries
249:Pulpudeva
219:Byzantion
177:Geography
9947:Cotyttia
9879:Zalmoxis
9869:Sabazios
9849:Derzelas
9834:Religion
9800:Thracian
9793:Language
9767:Bisaltia
9457:30931994
9054:Academic
8816:Plutarch
8744:Diodorus
8708:Polybius
8695:Anabasis
8690:Xenophon
8600:Alcestis
8588:, p. 64.
8552:Jordanes
8401:June 24,
8395:Novinite
8375:April 3,
8368:Novinite
8346:Archived
8172:41320191
8019:24667786
7962:24531965
7905:23483890
7865:PLOS ONE
7807:, p. 261
7783:, p. 70.
7305:(1980).
7271:(1980).
7178:Fribourg
7168:(1993).
7119:(1970).
6966:23417708
6610:(1866).
6434:, 27.12.
6401:Republic
6382:(1886).
6312:(13 ed.)
6143:Slovakia
5866:Alcestis
5718:18 April
5704:"Thrace"
5441:See also
5370:Sabazios
5161:Tomb of
5027:, 323 BC
5025:Diadochi
5023:and the
4907:Hercules
4901:'s army.
4851:, where
4746:Illyrian
4737:Dardania
4724:Justin I
4712:Licinius
4685:Galerius
4679:Aureolus
4554:Sitalces
4533:Odrysian
4507:Bistonis
4488:Tegyrios
4482:Heracles
4476:; owned
4450:Diomedes
4443:Pyrenees
4426:Pyreneus
4369:Dionysus
4353:Eumolpus
4329:Heracles
4324:Poseidon
4305:' voyage
4268:, son of
4219:Iron Age
4200:Bulgaria
4159:Genetics
4009:Bulgaria
3998:Starosel
3821:Anatolia
3798:Anatolia
3783:peltasts
3779:javelins
3771:horsemen
3738:Dionysus
3734:Eurydice
3730:Bistones
3714:Menander
3708:Marriage
3686:Dionysus
3671:Zalmoxis
3655:Thracian
3647:Sabazios
3639:Dobrudja
3629:and the
3607:Dionysos
3595:Sabazios
3573:Religion
3526:Language
3445:Albanian
3401:Dead Sea
3236:Octavian
3100:Anatolia
3049:conquest
3031:, 333 BC
3018:Diadochi
2965:ascetics
2962:celibate
2909:Bulgaria
2856:Mascames
2829:defeated
2798:, 480 BC
2727:Scythian
2703:Doriscus
2683:Belasica
2665:Xerxes I
2661:Skudrian
2619:Bosporus
2575:Myrcinus
2522:and the
2506:Arteskos
2502:Darius I
2487:Darius I
2441:comedies
2370:Menander
2366:Xenophon
2338:banditry
2273:Alyattes
2247:and the
2220:Anatolia
2204:Anatolia
2193:Hellenes
2134:Teutamus
1952:red hair
1843:Triballi
1839:Athenian
1827:Diegylis
1768:Polybius
1760:Iberians
1752:Persians
1736:Republic
1613:Pannonia
1597:Anatolia
1577:Bisaltia
1573:Cebrenia
1565:Pannonia
1557:Bithynia
1553:Sarmatia
1444:Achaeans
1386:Bulgaria
1382:Starosel
1320:Rhodopes
1268:Tyrsenoi
1227:Josephus
1183:Alcestis
1090:Thrāikes
1073:Thracian
1070:ethnonym
1052:Thracian
1049:ethnonym
1010:Persians
975:Bulgaria
896:Persians
816:Bulgaria
809:Anatolia
788:Thrāikes
654:Pleistor
649:Derzelas
609:Zalmoxis
604:Sabazios
297:Religion
292:Language
259:Uskudama
150:a series
138:his tomb
10066:Warfare
9940:Rituals
9884:Zagreus
9874:Strymon
9786:Culture
9735:History
9448:6443937
9427:Bibcode
9386:3258667
9108:(ed.).
9042:1236 AD
8983:Ethnica
8960:Nicetas
8924:Gregory
8852:Ptolemy
8834:Tacitus
8767:Tristia
8623:Sources
8576:, p. 7.
8554:in his
8012:4266736
7953:4209567
7932:Bibcode
7924:Science
7896:3590186
7873:Bibcode
7726:p. 105.
7506:4436729
7283:: 53–61
6957:3654165
6831:Xanthoi
6413:Plato.
6398:Plato.
6139:Hungary
6135:Ukraine
5972:Aug 26,
5498:Dacians
5463:Orphism
5364:Silver
5278:Delyan
5163:Pomorie
5111:Protome
5095:Pegasus
5091:Protome
5002:Macedon
4942:Gallery
4931:Trojans
4884:in the
4816:Orpheus
4798:Zagreus
4784:Coutzes
4764:Illyria
4756:Marcian
4707:Naissus
4699:Naissus
4669:Maximus
4637:Cotys I
4548:Teres I
4521:Teres I
4462:Bistoni
4437:of the
4385:prophet
4377:Orpheus
4365:Demeter
4310:Orpheus
4280:Phineus
4183:Balkans
4181:in the
3817:Galatia
3805:Cypsela
3761:Peltast
3744:Warfare
3726:Orpheus
3690:Zagreus
3679:Orpheus
3627:Dacians
3623:Phrygia
3603:Jupiter
3567:Ezerovo
3521:Culture
3504:(Y-DNA)
3502:origin
3436:Albania
3432:Bulgars
3359:Nicetas
3197:Thracia
3104:Galatia
3041:cavalry
3016:of the
2969:ctistae
2953:peltast
2936:Indians
2913:Romania
2863:Teres I
2749:Ionians
2731:Caspian
2715:Odessos
2571:Miletus
2551:Strymon
2543:Paeonia
2495:Persian
2433:Macedon
2417:Phrygia
2413:Scythia
2261:Lydians
2249:Lycians
2187:and in
2177:Marmara
2161:Panther
2156:Peltast
2138:Peirous
2122:Pelasgi
2075:Trojans
2054:History
2012:Theseus
1862:Tanagra
1823:Boetiei
1774:in his
1772:Tacitus
1734:in his
1636:Ethnica
1593:Balkans
1589:Sintice
1409:Ukraine
1346:Origins
1324:Bistoni
1305:Taruisa
1277:Tursha.
1259:Warrior
1235:Odrysus
1231:Athyras
1199:English
1127:exonyms
1122:Thrēikē
1116:Thrāikē
1064:in the
1062:Trojans
1031:was by
1022:extinct
979:Romania
952:" and "
950:warlike
904:Macedon
873:Dacians
846:Balkans
820:Romania
784::
629:Apellon
599:Zagreus
594:Orpheus
503:Peltast
494:Warfare
470:Cotys I
465:Teres I
450:Phineus
436:History
422:Bebrici
387:Agriani
362:Bithyni
312:Warfare
278:Culture
244:Serdika
209:Phrygia
90:scholar
10093:Labrys
9905:Bendis
9596:
9588:
9546:
9511:
9455:
9445:
9401:
9384:
9329:
9311:
9281:
9259:
9224:
9203:
9172:
9153:
9126:
9090:
9024:553 AD
9006:551 AD
9001:Getica
8988:540 AD
8970:459 AD
8952:396 AD
8942:Jerome
8934:394 AD
8916:380 AD
8906:Jerome
8898:221 AD
8880:165 AD
8870:Appian
8862:150 AD
8844:109 AD
8826:108 AD
8780:Strabo
8718:146 BC
8700:370 BC
8682:431 BC
8664:440 BC
8646:750 BC
8641:Illiad
8564:, 2:5)
8557:Getica
8532:3.14.8
8301:
8275:
8170:
8160:
8136:
8126:
7960:
7950:
7903:
7893:
7779:
7720:
7710:
7663:]
7605:
7578:
7504:
7433:Thrace
7414:
7378:
7351:
7322:
7235:123971
7233:
7192:
7133:
7094:
7076:Kadmos
7047:599752
7045:
6964:
6954:
6787:
6757:
6577:
6567:
6477:
6467:
6446:Annals
6353:
6278:]
6253:
6243:
6179:
6068:]
5942:
5915:
5890:
5810:
5766:
5741:
5366:Votive
5058:Dacian
5019:under
5017:Thrace
4998:Thrace
4978:Thrace
4957:Thrace
4929:, the
4853:Athens
4832:Dacian
4775:Bouzes
4760:Thrace
4752:family
4691:mother
4689:Dacian
4673:Ceaser
4570:son of
4529:Thrace
4499:Tereus
4493:Thrace
4474:Cyrene
4466:son of
4435:eponym
4431:Thrace
4406:Boreas
4403:son of
4399:Thrace
4393:Haemus
4361:Attica
4357:Thrace
4338:Thrace
4334:Rhesus
4320:Poltys
4314:Ciconi
4298:Agenor
4289:Thrace
4167:, and
4005:mounds
3960:and a
3940:, the
3936:, the
3932:, the
3840:Dacian
3675:Perkon
3637:, now
3619:Moesia
3615:Thrace
3548:, and
3484:, and
3466:Legacy
3315:Romans
3276:Moesia
3245:After
3224:Caesar
3220:Pompey
3212:Sapaei
3141:, and
3135:Moesia
3111:Moesia
3092:Thrace
2950:. The
2921:Greece
2869:, the
2851:Athens
2838:Skudra
2814:Bryges
2809:Skudra
2788:Thrace
2784:Skudra
2740:Skudra
2699:Hebros
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2651:Lemnos
2649:, and
2647:Imbros
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2585:Skudra
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1485:Romans
1393:Greeks
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1215:Thrace
1211:Japhet
1192:Thrace
1111:Thrace
1084:Thrāix
1006:Greeks
967:poetry
962:Romans
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