1114:, the courts hold that what must be proved is that a reasonable recipient of the communication would consider it a threat under the circumstances. Thus, a statement to a judge that "You and your family are going to die" would be regarded as a true threat, even if the defendant claimed that he meant it as a biological fact of life that everyone will die. If a threat is made to multiple individuals, it may be considered to be outside of the guidelines heartland, and therefore to warrant an enhancement.
1515:. For instance, in 2004, gun-rights activist, Denver businessman and former Libertarian candidate for U.S. Senate Rick Stanley was sentenced to six years of imprisonment for sending two judges, Thornton Municipal Judge Charles J. Rose and 17th Judicial District Judge Donald W. Marshall, Jr., a "notice of order" demanding that they reverse his conviction for a weapons violation or face arrest by Stanley's Mutual Defense Pact Militia and a trial for
35:
1674:'s Inspector General for Tax Administration, threats against the IRS have been rising in recent years, and in 2009 rose from 834 to 1,014 per year, an increase of 21.5% over the prior year. There have been incidents of actual violence against the IRS to take place as well, by people ramming cars into IRS offices, setting them on fire, and taking out hits on IRS employees, although the
1287:). Concern has been voiced in the press over Twitter's failure in some cases to promptly remove threats made against Members of Congress. Kyler Schmitz's threats to shoot Senator Roy Blunt remained on Twitter after Schmitz had been arrested for illegally using interstate communications to make the threat. Christopher Michael McGowan was arrested in April 2018 for a series of
1410:, Senator Susan Collins's office received "threatening, profanity-laced phone calls and letters, telling her to vote against the confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court". One caller told a young woman working for Collins that he hoped she would be raped and impregnated, according to a voicemail provided to the
1457:'s staff, was arrested by US Capitol Police in October 2018, charged with public restricted information, unauthorized access of a government computer, burglary, threatening Federal officials and other crimes. According to a Federal arrest warrant filed by Capitol Police, Cosko threatened an aide of Senator
1225:
A data analysis by the
Prosecution Project for the Monitor found that since the 1990s, the majority of felony prosecutions involved death threats by right-wing extremists against Democratic politicians. A similar analysis in 2018 that included felony and misdemeanor prosecutions – a larger data set –
1478:
articles. In April 2019 Cosko pleaded guilty to two counts of Making Public
Restricted Personal Information, one count of Computer Fraud, one count of Witness Tampering, and one count of Obstruction of Justice, in exchange for an agreement by the prosecutors to drop other applicable charges. On June
1598:
Case law records that many threats are made from prisoners dissatisfied with the handling of their own case or fellow inmates', or wanting to serve time in the federal system. Often the penalties for making the threat are more serious than those imposed for the original offense. Threats by inmates
1291:
threatening
Representative Goodlatte and other lawmakers made from January to April 2018. Twitter's stated policy on "Violent threats and glorification of violence" says "You may not make specific threats of violence or wish for the serious physical harm, death, or disease of an individual or group
1083:
There are three elements of the offense of making an illegal threat: (i) there must be a transmission in interstate commerce; (ii) there must be a communication containing the threat; (iii) and the threat must be a threat to injure the person of another. Threats can also sometimes be punished under
1522:
Threats against federal judges and prosecutors have more than doubled in recent years, with threats against federal prosecutors rising from 116 to 250 from 2003 to 2008, and threats against federal judges climbing from 500 to 1,278 in that same period, prompting hundreds to get 24-hour protection
1329:
After the 2016 Presidential election, personal attacks gained a more prominent place in dialogue between the
President and legislators from both major US parties, with at least one Member of Congress advocating harassment of other Federal officials outside of work. In June 2018, Representative
1682:
commentator, "this trend is likely to continue until there is a fundamental change in our tax laws and collection methods. People who do not have access to the media and cannot afford expensive tax lawyers sometimes reach such a level of frustration with the IRS that they resort to violent or
1313:
stated, "Violence and threats are unacceptable. Yes, I know there is anger, but let's take that anger, and go out and register people to vote, go volunteer on a political campaign, and let's do it the right way." Rep. Cantor, who received a bullet through his campaign office window, stated,
1599:
are taken seriously if the person has contacts on the outside who are capable of carrying out the threat. Federal officials attribute the rising threat rate to disgruntled defendants, terrorism and gang cases that bring more violent offenders into federal courts, frustration over the
1763:. According to the federal investigators, political protesters who threaten elected officials or turn violent are easier for law enforcement officials to track due to their vocal and high-profile statements on the internet. For instance, Nigel Coleman posted the address of Rep.
1583:, an assistant U.S. attorney in Seattle gunned down at his home. Such incidents lead U.S. officials to take threats seriously. However, actual attacks on government officials are still rare in the U.S. relative to many countries with more unstable governments (e.g. so-called "
1461:
who found him using a computer in Sen. Hassan's office, then ordered him to leave in a email. Mr. Cosko posted confidential personal information such as home and office addresses and home telephone numbers of five US senators, including Senate
Judiciary Committee members
1107:, approximately double that which would apply if an ordinary citizen were the victim. There can be many motives for making threats, including political motives or a desire to frame someone else for making the threat. The person's intent can greatly affect the sentence.
1079:
stated that "Clearly it is a proper
Federal function to respond to terrorists and other criminals who seek to influence the making of Federal policies and interfere with the administration of justice by attacking close relatives of those entrusted with these tasks."
1334:, speaking at an outdoor rally said, "If you see anybody from that (Trump) Cabinet in a restaurant, in a department store, at a gasoline station, you get out and you create a crowd and you push back on them, and you tell them they're not welcome anymore, anywhere."
1098:
take a number of factors into consideration in determining the recommended penalty, including evidence of the person's intent to carry out the threat; disruption to the government function; and the possibility of inciting others to violence. There is also a 6-level
1303:
received a threat from Norman Leboon, a donor to Barack Obama who had produced more than 2,000 threatening YouTube videos; the
Democratic Party said that it would donate the funds to charity. Other lawmakers' windows were broken with bricks and other objects.
2767:
1555:
as "cunning, ruthless, untrustworthy, disloyal, unpatriotic, deceitful scum", allegedly saying, "Let me be the first to say this plainly: These judges deserve to be killed." He also allegedly posted blog entries providing a photo and a map of the
1133:
The Secret
Service prefers not to publicize incidents of Presidential assassination threats, because it believes that it will generate more criminal behavior, especially among the mentally ill. Reports have circulated in the British press that
1698:
Federal law enforcement agencies are often the target of threats. Examples include Jeff Henry
Williamson, who threatened to blow up FBI headquarters, CIA headquarters and the Justice Department; and Micha Godfrey, who allegedly emailed
2032:
1085:
1089:
2841:
1229:
By contrast, the recent wave of indictments shows that pro-Trump individuals may be as likely to level death threats against
Republicans as Democrats. No similar pattern has emerged on the political left.
1767:
online and invited people to "visit" the official at his home. The address was actually Perriello's brother Bo. A severed gas line at the home was discovered one day after the address was made public.
1314:"Security threats against members of Congress are not a partisan issue, and they should never be treated that way. To use such threats as political weapons is reprehensible." He accused Representative
17:
1662:
but just killed them by blowing them up; David J. D'Addabbo, who sent a petition to IRS workers warning that they would be "tried by a jury and your penalty will be sought for it to be death by
2040:
3420:
1619:
2054:
2100:
2720:
2876:
1345:
were subjected to verbal abuse by a crowd as they left an event at Georgetown University. According to National Public Radio, at least three Trump administration officials —
1725:
is also used against law enforcement officers. During the controversy over full enforcement of immigration laws in the United States in June 2018, the activist Web site
2792:
1695:, "provides a particularly helpful alternative in cases where there is simply an offer of violence unaccompanied by the potential for imminent use of physical force."
1634:. Twitter formally forbids users to "make specific threats of violence or wish for the serious physical harm, death, or disease of an individual or group of people".
1261:
1299:
saw an increased number of threatening communications and actions directed at legislators. Several Members of Congress received threatening messages. Representative
3349:
1503:
while he worked for her, then using an Internet account under an assumed name to distribute the photos and encourage other Internet users to share them online.
1548:
1371:
denounced the tactic of harassing their political enemies. Both Schumer and Pelosi referred to President Trump's personal attacks on political opponents on
1242:
1575:
The making of these threats coincided with high-profile violence against federal officials in that same period, including Baltimore Assistant U.S. Attorney
1447:
criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing out posts calling for their deaths that had been allowed to remain on the site.
1862:"UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Edward GRAY, Defendant-Appellant.; No. 86-3085.; United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit"
1499:'s staffs was charged in July 2017 with illegally obtaining private nude photographs of Delegate Plaskett and videos of her family from Ms. Plaskett's
3500:
2448:
2742:
3403:
1861:
2591:
3063:
2134:
1424:
1341:
was confronted with shouted personal insults and the threat "we know where you live" by a crowd of protesters; earlier, McConnell and his wife
1128:
1076:
1029:
3131:
3477:
2991:
2861:
Julie Poppen (September 11, 2004), "Six-year prison term for gun-rights activist: Threats to judges called 'an assault' on justice system",
2522:
2060:
3521:
2382:
3526:
3262:
2469:
2357:
3081:
2716:
2083:
2902:
1749:
to obtain the real name, street address and Internet logs of the sender, and those who provide the information were forbidden by the
2882:
1618:
Social media has become notable in threats against high-profile Federal judges. Several threats or encouragements of others to kill
1401:. Sen. Cruz and his wife also had to leave their table at a Washington restaurant when protesters shouted them down at their table.
1142:
denies. Historically, prosecutions for presidential assassination threats have risen during periods of national crisis, such as the
1730:
2816:
2666:
1781:
1296:
1222:
suffered several rib fractures and developed pneumonia after a November 2017 attack by a neighbor over a dispute over lawn care.
2954:
2239:
2175:
996:
1233:
Threats and intimidation directed against Members of Congress are more common than physical assaults. A prominent example was
2285:
1703:
websites threats against DEA agents and their families, and a search of whose house subsequently turned up four firearms, a
2549:
1318:
of "dangerously fanning the flames by suggesting that these incidents be used as a political weapon." A spokesman for the
1095:
3365:
3114:
2937:
2616:
2203:
2013:
1845:
1829:
1712:
1391:
1386:'s Houston campaign office received an envelope containing white powder just after two envelopes containing the poison
1353:
1053:
1045:
1033:
1257:
1939:
1919:
1531:, where a staff of about 25 marshals and analysts monitor a 24-hour number for reporting threats, use sophisticated
1210:
was shot and severely injured in January 2011 outside a supermarket where she met with constituents. Representative
3245:
2918:
632:
396:
1044:. Threatening other officials is a Class D or C felony, usually carrying maximum penalties of 5 or 10 years under
2151:
1162:
have become vectors for investigated alleged threats against the President. After the 2016 Presidential election
1061:
3297:
2429:
3156:
2409:
1591:
and assassinations) as evidenced by the fact that the most famous judge to be assassinated in recent times was
1346:
868:
121:
3462:
McCabe, Virginia (March 26, 2010), "Tea Party makes tracking political criminals easier for law enforcement",
2768:"Democratic ex-staffer contests charges he posted personal data on GOP senators, threatened witness in doxing"
2691:"Staffers of Maine GOP Senator Susan Collins are receiving threatening and vulgar calls over Brett Kavanaugh"
1532:
878:
391:
3227:
2486:
1519:. Stanley was also ordered to pay $ 8,250 restitution to police who worked overtime to protect the judges.
1253:
1041:
953:
862:
2690:
2640:
1319:
1267:
Social media have been used to publish threats and intimidating messages. Threats have been made through
3445:
1869:
2312:
1360:, along with her family — have been forced out by vocal protesters from restaurants or denied service.
1186:
was savagely beaten down to the floor of the Senate chamber with a gold-knobbed cane by Representative
989:
552:
200:
2073:
Comment, Threatening the President: Protected Dissenter or Potential Assassin, 57 Geo. L.J. 553 (1969)
3046:
1692:
1398:
846:
2504:
2246:. Report of a Staff Investigative Group to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. United States Congress.
2152:"Over 12,000 tweets are calling for Trump's assassination. Here's how the Secret Service handles it"
1256:
investigates threats against Members of Congress and reports to the chair and Ranking Member of the
1206:, Guyana, becoming the only member of Congress to lose his life in the line of duty. Representative
3388:
3334:
3031:
2571:
2225:
1746:
1671:
1643:
1557:
1436:
1249:
1195:
1025:
893:
116:
3483:
2793:"'Angry' Ex-Dem Staffer Who Doxed GOP Senators During Brett Kavanaugh Hearings Is Going to Prison"
2383:"Virginia man arrested for making repeated threats against Republican congressman - NY Daily News"
1711:
attempts, as when an informer threatened to falsely accuse the FBI of knowing in advance that the
1075:. Threatening federal officials' family members is also a federal crime; in enacting the law, the
2528:
2258:
1675:
1568:. The sending of white powder as part of a threatening communication has become common since the
1482:
711:
2000:
3181:
2238:
1528:
1357:
1072:
883:
622:
612:
298:
147:
96:
49:
3090:
2717:"Twitter bans posts wishing for Trump death. The Squad wonders where that policy was for them"
1491:
of legislators is a related problem. Juan McCullum, a former member of Congressional delegate
2817:"Utah man suspected of threatening President Joe Biden shot and killed as FBI served warrant"
1684:
1307:
1198:
opened fire on the House chamber, wounding five Members of Congress. In 1978, Representative
1138:
received four times as many threats as his predecessor, a claim that Secret Service Director
982:
903:
607:
527:
3421:"WikiLeaks publishes identities and information about ICE employees amid intensifying anger"
2449:"DNC will give Cantor threat suspect's donations to charity - The Hill's Blog Briefing Room"
1982:
1275:(which hosted direct threats of violence against Members of Congress such as Representative
1716:
1569:
697:
617:
602:
386:
1666:" and told the arresting agents to "watch your back"; and John Barker, who perpetrated an
1527:. The problem has become so pronounced that a threat management center has been opened in
8:
1535:
to track those being threatened and tap into a classified database linked to the FBI and
1179:
1086:
assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain United States Government officers or employees
841:
229:
181:
111:
101:
3351:
Calif. Man Under Investigation for Threatening Lives of DEA Agents and Families Arrested
3211:
Winslow, Ben (March 21, 2006), "Cache County man charged with threatening IRS workers",
3157:"Kavanaugh supporters should be castrated, D.C. professor wrote. Twitter shut her down"
2339:
2317:
2290:
2263:
1833:
1776:
1454:
945:
762:
752:
401:
381:
333:
314:
244:
141:
2973:
3375:
3321:
3018:
2974:"Trial Over Death Threats Against Federal Judges Could Test Free Speech Rules Online"
2558:
2212:
2117:
1658:
delivered to their place of employment, and said that he didn't eat his victims like
1612:
1604:
1592:
924:
898:
783:
406:
274:
239:
3281:
3246:"Threats Against IRS Employees On The Rise, Increased 21 Percent From 2008 To 2009"
1704:
1700:
1627:
1496:
1485:
threatened to assassinate Joe Biden, Gavin Newsome, and Manhattan D.A. Alvin Bragg
1428:
1349:
1315:
1139:
1104:
1090:
assassinating, kidnapping, and assaulting government officials of the United States
1065:
873:
831:
826:
683:
577:
472:
167:
3008:
1849:
1805:
1688:
1755:
1623:
1600:
1584:
1580:
1544:
1492:
1444:
1379:
1364:
1338:
1100:
1057:
1049:
1037:
817:
507:
436:
362:
321:
219:
157:
87:
72:
2743:"Sheila Jackson Lee intern accused of 'doxing' GOP senators in Kavanaugh battle"
1064:. When national boundaries are transcended by such a threat, it is considered a
2286:"Congressman Steve Scalise Gravely Wounded in Alexandria Baseball Field Ambush"
1729:
published the identities of over 9,000 alleged current and former employees of
1679:
1659:
1463:
1412:
1215:
1207:
1187:
1183:
929:
887:
446:
441:
411:
304:
1626:
or members of the Senate who supported confirmation of his appointment to the
3515:
1960:
1764:
1608:
1579:, who was stabbed 36 times with his own penknife and drowned in a creek, and
1576:
1488:
1458:
1432:
1331:
1276:
1234:
1211:
1010:
693:
547:
259:
209:
2842:"Two former staffers charged in cyberstalking of U.S. House member, husband"
1667:
1663:
1524:
1394:
1368:
1310:
1238:
1163:
1135:
1040:, punishable by up to 5 years of imprisonment, that is investigated by the
934:
497:
421:
294:
279:
191:
42:
1996:
United States of America, Appellee, v. Samuel Adelman, Defendant-appellant
1453:
of legislators also occurs. Jackson A. Cosko, a member of Representative
2033:"Barack Obama faces 30 death threats a day, stretching US Secret Service"
1945:
1925:
1909:, 373 F. 2d 241 (Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit 1967).
1750:
1565:
1552:
1512:
1471:
1342:
1323:
1300:
1284:
1245:
1147:
1111:
1015:
949:
705:
701:
567:
224:
153:
77:
2592:"Congressional Leaders Criticize Maxine Waters For Urging Confrontation"
1707:, and cannabis plants. Government agencies are sometimes the subject of
1288:
1561:
1551:
who affirmed a lower court decision to dismiss challenges to Chicago's
1540:
1440:
1214:
was gravely wounded in 2017 when he was shot by a former volunteer for
1143:
970:
856:
808:
663:
658:
492:
284:
264:
254:
234:
186:
106:
59:
2244:
Congressional Foreign Affairs Committee report on Ryan's assassination
1560:
in Chicago, where the court is located, with arrows pointing to "anti-
3311:
2992:"Mistrial Number 2 For Blogger Accused Of Threatening Federal Judges"
2313:"Rand Paul's Neighbor Is Sentenced to 30 Days in Prison After Attack"
1786:
1726:
1708:
1655:
1475:
1280:
1219:
1203:
798:
793:
767:
736:
726:
688:
582:
562:
502:
477:
451:
431:
416:
2014:"9-65.140 Publicity Concerning Threats Against Government Officials"
1322:
remarked, "I think it is astounding that we are seeing this wave of
1166:
reported 12,000 calls for President Donald Trump's assassination in
1760:
1737:
Web site, with their places of employment and contact information.
1734:
1691:, that protects IRS employees from threats, which according to the
1651:
1620:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
1467:
1406:
1383:
1199:
1151:
919:
851:
803:
757:
721:
673:
648:
586:
522:
487:
371:
348:
343:
326:
289:
269:
66:
3196:
Geoffrey Fattah (August 15, 2006), "Man admits threatening IRS",
2101:"Should Facebook remove groups that want to kill George W. Bush?"
1631:
1516:
1420:
1372:
1272:
1268:
1191:
1167:
1159:
1155:
836:
788:
731:
678:
653:
627:
557:
537:
532:
512:
482:
353:
338:
249:
214:
176:
34:
2358:"Death threats against senators remained on Twitter for 2 weeks"
1646:
is frequently a target of threats. Examples include the case of
3186:, 37 F.3d 1059 (4th Cir. October 21, 1994).
1961:"Community College of Aurora librarian charged in mail threats"
1895:, 958 F.2d 146 (US Ct. App. 6th Cir. 1992).
1722:
1500:
1450:
1226:
also found that Democrats were far more likely to be targeted.
1021:
716:
542:
376:
309:
137:
3132:"Rosemount teacher suspended for Brett Kavanaugh threat tweet"
2484:
1806:"18 U.S. Code § 3559 - Sentencing classification of offenses"
1387:
572:
517:
467:
3115:"Guarding the Halls of Justice Against an Escalating Threat"
1745:
When the FBI receives threats over the Internet, it can use
1650:, in which the defendant told the IRS he was tired of their
1479:
19, 2019, Cosko was sentenced to 4 years in Federal prison.
1071:
When a threat is made against a judge, it can be considered
3089:, U.S. Department of Justice, June 16, 2009, archived from
2259:"Representative Gabrielle Giffords and 18 Shot Near Tucson"
2132:
2085:
Secret Service Probing Obama Assassination Poll on Facebook
1678:
was one of the more high-profile incidents. According to a
1588:
939:
668:
426:
3228:"Threats Against IRS Employees on the Rise, Official Says"
3083:
Man Sentenced for Threatening Federal Officials in Arizona
2878:
Threats Against Federal Prosecutors Increased During 2000s
2201:
2119:
Teen Questioned Over Online Threats Against President Bush
1262:
United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
1103:
enhancement, which makes the recommended penalty, per the
1958:
1536:
18:
Threatening the government officials of the United States
3298:"1572. Assaults Upon Internal Revenue Service Personnel"
2485:
Bendavid, Naftali & Johnson, Fawn (March 26, 2010),
3404:"Informer in Terrorism Trial Admits Threatening F.B.I."
2257:
Herszenhorn, Marc Lacey and David M. (8 January 2011).
1854:
1178:
There have been comparatively few physical assaults on
2667:"Ted Cruz forced from restaurant amid Kavanaugh drama"
1549:
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
1511:
Threats against federal judges can include threats of
2714:
2547:
2136:
Health Care Bill Spurs Assassination Calls on Twitter
2133:
Goldman, Russell & Ryan, Jason (March 22, 2010),
2056:
Secret Service Director: Threats Against Obama Not Up
2919:"Threats against federal judges, prosecutors are up"
2715:
O'Sullivan, Donie; Elassar, Alaa (October 3, 2020).
2202:
Kellman, Laurie & Abrams, Jim (March 26, 2010),
1375:
while disavowing the tactics of Rep. Maxine Waters.
2617:"McConnell chased from KY restaurant by protesters"
2176:"U.S. Senate: The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner"
3475:
2205:Congress members reveal more details about threats
1959:Howard Pankratz & Joey Bunch (March 2, 2010),
1683:irrational behavior." There is a special statute,
3446:"With only a letter, FBI can gather private data"
3313:Houston jury convicts man of threatening FBI, CIA
2989:
1235:the burning of a cross, an intimidation tactic of
3513:
3501:"A history of anti-government rage and violence"
3461:
3401:
3367:Calif. man investigated over alleged DEA threats
3279:
3124:
3010:Man sentenced for threatening Neb. federal judge
2633:
2404:
2402:
2168:
2098:
1753:from revealing the request to anyone, until the
1615:and others who don't respect federal authority.
1382:'s appointment to the US Supreme Court, Senator
1060:and other statutes, that is investigated by the
3443:
3225:
3195:
2735:
2551:Dems deal with threats over health care support
2496:
2410:"Violent threats and glorification of violence"
2349:
2143:
1190:after Sumner delivered a fiery oration against
3064:"Missouri man to prison for threatening judge"
2955:"Radio host denies threatening federal judges"
2874:
2471:FBI Probes Threats Directed at House Democrats
2430:"Man accused of making threats against Cantor"
1427:would be removed for violating the platform's
1129:Threatening the President of the United States
1030:Threatening the president of the United States
3413:
2935:
2834:
2608:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2520:
2505:"House leaders decry threats, dish out blame"
2399:
2337:
990:
3347:
3243:
3210:
3149:
3112:
2860:
2502:
2487:"Parties Exchange Barbs Over Threat Reports"
2250:
2242:; Foreign Affairs Committee (May 15, 1979).
2197:
2195:
1150:era. New communication technologies such as
3047:"Threats part of landscape for prosecutors"
3044:
2971:
2446:
2256:
2760:
2641:"White powder mailed to Ted Cruz's office"
2578:
1543:was indicted for, after criticizing three
1425:wishing for Trump's death from coronavirus
997:
983:
2192:
1607:" movement – a loose collection of
1506:
2938:"Threats to Judges, Prosecutors Soaring"
1731:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1248:'s front lawn in Texas during debate on
1218:'s 2016 Presidential campaign. Senator
2904:Threats against federal judges increase
2355:
2340:"Man arrested for Nancy Pelosi threats"
2232:
2067:
2030:
1782:Domestic terrorism in the United States
1637:
1378:During Senate confirmation hearings on
1297:health care reform in the United States
14:
3514:
3263:"Threats against IRS workers continue"
2310:
2240:United States House of Representatives
2149:
1654:, asked how they would like to have a
3476:Domenico Montanaro (March 24, 2010),
3226:Vaughan, Martin (February 21, 2010),
2790:
2784:
2589:
2283:
1564:barriers." That case resulted in two
1337:In July 2018, Senate Majority Leader
2723:from the original on October 4, 2020
2664:
2614:
2548:Pettus, Emily Wagster (2010-03-25),
2380:
3522:Illegal speech in the United States
1096:United States Sentencing Guidelines
24:
3527:United States federal criminal law
3402:Fried, Joseph P. (April 7, 1995),
3280:Rahn, Richard W. (April 6, 2010),
2990:Erin Geiger Smith (Mar 11, 2010),
2875:Andrew Ramonas (January 4, 2010),
2284:Shear, Michael D. (14 June 2017).
2059:, December 3, 2009, archived from
1868:. February 3, 1987. Archived from
1670:against the IRS. According to the
1110:In determining what constitutes a
25:
3538:
3493:
3045:Torsten Ove (December 14, 2003),
2972:Lynne Marek (November 24, 2009),
2665:Cole, Devan (25 September 2018).
2150:Lekach, Sasha (2 February 2017).
2099:Charlie Spiering (Sep 29, 2009),
1810:LII / Legal Information Institute
1258:Committee on House Administration
27:Felony crime in the United States
3444:Richard Willing (July 6, 2006),
1356:and White House Press Secretary
633:Perverting the course of justice
33:
3469:
3455:
3437:
3395:
3370:, KansasCity.com, March 3, 2013
3358:
3341:
3304:
3290:
3273:
3255:
3237:
3219:
3204:
3189:
3173:
3106:
3074:
3056:
3038:
3001:
2983:
2965:
2947:
2929:
2911:
2895:
2868:
2854:
2809:
2708:
2683:
2658:
2541:
2514:
2478:
2462:
2447:O'Brien, Michael (2010-03-29).
2440:
2422:
2374:
2338:Sherman, Jake (April 7, 2010),
2331:
2304:
2277:
2126:
2110:
2092:
2076:
2047:
2024:
2006:
1988:
1970:
1062:Federal Bureau of Investigation
528:Intellectual property violation
3244:Marcus Baram (March 1, 2010),
3113:Jerry Markon (June 11, 2009),
2936:Markon, Jerry (May 25, 2009),
2881:, Main Justice, archived from
2381:Chia, Jessica (7 April 2018).
2311:Jacobs, Julia (15 June 2018).
2088:, Fox News, September 29, 2009
1952:
1932:
1912:
1898:
1884:
1839:
1822:
1798:
1740:
1347:Secretary of Homeland Security
1173:
13:
1:
2590:Davis, Susan (25 June 2018).
1792:
1587:" that frequently experience
1122:
2521:Pergram, Chad (2010-03-27),
2122:, Fox News, October 14, 2006
2031:Harnden, Toby (3 Aug 2009),
1254:United States Capitol Police
1117:
1042:United States Secret Service
863:Ignorantia juris non excusat
7:
3479:FBI Looks into Gas Line Cut
3348:Allan Lengel (2010-03-15),
2996:Business Insider Law Review
2615:Cole, Devan (9 July 2018).
2503:Kelley, Matt (2010-03-25),
2356:Swanson, Ian (2016-06-28).
1770:
1719:and of failing to stop it.
1431:. Democratic congresswomen
1320:Southern Poverty Law Center
1182:. On May 22, 1856, Senator
1084:the statutes criminalizing
10:
3543:
2791:Naham, Matt (2019-08-05).
2527:, Fox News, archived from
2474:, Fox News, March 24, 2010
1985: (10th Cir. 2006).
1416:by Collins's spokeswoman.
1367:and House Minority Leader
1126:
1077:Committee on the Judiciary
553:Possessing stolen property
201:Offense against the person
1906:United States v. Heliczer
1892:United States v. DeAndino
1747:National Security Letters
1423:announced that any posts
1399:Chief of Naval Operations
1196:Puerto Rican nationalists
847:Diminished responsibility
641:Crimes against the public
2039:, London, archived from
1672:U.S. Treasury Department
1644:Internal Revenue Service
1558:Dirksen Federal Building
1437:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
1250:civil rights legislation
776:Crimes against the state
696:(such as prohibition of
3482:, MSNBC, archived from
3232:The Wall Street Journal
3051:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1978:United States v. Teague
1676:2010 Austin plane crash
1483:Craig Deleeuw Robertson
1363:Senate Minority Leader
1202:was shot and killed in
460:Crimes against property
150:(also called violation)
3182:United States v. Darby
2018:U.S. Attorneys' Manual
1693:U.S. Attorneys' Manual
1529:Crystal City, Virginia
1507:Judges and prosecutors
1358:Sarah Huckabee Sanders
1073:obstruction of justice
912:Other common-law areas
745:Crimes against animals
613:Miscarriage of justice
595:Crimes against justice
1759:case overturned that
1603:and the rise of the "
1308:House Minority Leader
1295:2010 legislation for
818:Defenses to liability
608:Malfeasance in office
3286:, The Cato Institute
3283:Morality and the IRS
3068:Lincoln Journal Star
2978:National Law Journal
2747:HoustonChronicle.com
2003: (Feb 19, 1999).
1638:Other civil servants
1570:2001 anthrax attacks
1392:Secretary of Defense
1018:government officials
664:Censorship violation
387:Cybersex trafficking
3354:, TickleTheWire.com
3300:. 19 February 2015.
3267:The Washington Post
2942:The Washington Post
2907:, UPI, May 29, 2009
2863:Rocky Mountain News
2491:Wall Street Journal
2105:Washington Examiner
2063:on December 7, 2009
1495:and Representative
1180:Members of Congress
842:Defense of property
694:Illegal consumption
230:Criminal negligence
130:Severity of offense
3408:The New York Times
3383:Unknown parameter
3329:Unknown parameter
3026:Unknown parameter
2566:Unknown parameter
2318:The New York Times
2291:The New York Times
2264:The New York Times
2220:Unknown parameter
2020:, 19 February 2015
1834:§ 2332b(a)(2)
1777:Disposition Matrix
1713:World Trade Center
1613:white supremacists
1455:Sheila Jackson Lee
1390:were mailed to US
1252:in the 1960s. The
1032:is a felony under
763:Wildlife smuggling
753:Cruelty to animals
382:Child sexual abuse
334:Negligent homicide
245:False imprisonment
142:Indictable offense
86:Scope of criminal
3486:on March 29, 2010
3136:Bring Me The News
2925:, January 4, 2010
2436:. March 29, 2010.
1983: F3d 1310
1866:bulk.resource.org
1733:gleaned from the
1605:sovereign citizen
1593:John H. Wood, Jr.
1007:
1006:
407:Indecent exposure
275:Human trafficking
240:Domestic violence
168:Inchoate offenses
16:(Redirected from
3534:
3508:
3507:, March 26, 2010
3488:
3487:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3316:, March 10, 2010
3308:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3269:, March 13, 2010
3259:
3253:
3252:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3215:, Salt Lake City
3208:
3202:
3201:
3200:, Salt Lake City
3193:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:. 8 October 2018
3128:
3122:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3070:, March 22, 2010
3060:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:, March 22, 2010
3005:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2587:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2524:Words Have Power
2518:
2512:
2511:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2043:on 5 August 2009
2028:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2001: F.3d 84
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1944:, archived from
1936:
1930:
1929:
1924:, archived from
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1705:bulletproof vest
1701:medical cannabis
1628:US Supreme Court
1585:banana republics
1545:appellate judges
1533:mapping software
1497:Frederica Wilson
1429:terms of service
1352:, Trump adviser
1350:Kirstjen Nielsen
1316:Chris Van Hollen
1194:. In 1954, four
1105:sentencing table
1066:terrorist threat
999:
992:
985:
956:
827:Actual innocence
684:Ethnic cleansing
578:Trespass to land
473:Arms trafficking
37:
30:
29:
21:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3456:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3425:Washington Post
3419:
3418:
3414:
3400:
3396:
3384:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3342:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3278:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3250:Huffington Post
3242:
3238:
3224:
3220:
3209:
3205:
3194:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3165:
3163:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3119:Washington Post
3111:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3043:
3039:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2988:
2984:
2970:
2966:
2961:, July 28, 2009
2959:Chicago Tribune
2953:
2952:
2948:
2934:
2930:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2886:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2797:lawandcrime.com
2789:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2772:Washington Post
2766:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2684:
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2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2598:
2588:
2579:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2532:
2519:
2515:
2501:
2497:
2483:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2387:nydailynews.com
2379:
2375:
2366:
2364:
2354:
2350:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2237:
2233:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2148:
2144:
2131:
2127:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1965:The Denver Post
1957:
1953:
1941:U.S.S.G. §3A1.2
1938:
1937:
1933:
1921:U.S.S.G. §2A6.1
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1844:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1773:
1756:Doe v. Ashcroft
1743:
1640:
1624:Brett Kavanaugh
1601:economic crisis
1581:Thomas C. Wales
1509:
1493:Stacey Plaskett
1445:Ayanna Pressley
1380:Brett Kavanaugh
1365:Charles Schumer
1339:Mitch McConnell
1279:, and Senators
1176:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1101:official victim
1003:
944:
508:False pretenses
437:Sex trafficking
363:Sexual offenses
322:Preterintention
158:Summary offense
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3540:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3495:
3494:External links
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2191:
2180:www.senate.gov
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2091:
2075:
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2046:
2023:
2005:
1987:
1969:
1951:
1931:
1911:
1897:
1883:
1872:on May 4, 2012
1853:
1846:18 U.S.C.
1838:
1821:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1742:
1739:
1685:26 U.S.C.
1680:Cato Institute
1660:Jeffrey Dahmer
1639:
1636:
1609:tax protesters
1595:back in 1979.
1508:
1505:
1464:Lindsey Graham
1413:New York Times
1354:Stephen Miller
1216:Bernie Sanders
1208:Gabby Giffords
1188:Preston Brooks
1184:Charles Sumner
1175:
1172:
1127:Main article:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1054:18 U.S.C.
1046:18 U.S.C.
1034:18 U.S.C.
1005:
1004:
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679:Hostage-taking
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39:
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26:
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6:
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2:
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3458:
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3422:
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3409:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3385:|agency=
3377:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3331:|agency=
3323:
3315:
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3307:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3247:
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3229:
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3214:
3207:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3096:on 2010-05-28
3092:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3028:|agency=
3020:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2885:on 2011-07-17
2884:
2880:
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2864:
2857:
2843:
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2822:
2818:
2812:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2773:
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2744:
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2646:
2645:New York Post
2642:
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1418:
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1395:James Mattis
1377:
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1311:John Boehner
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1292:of people".
1271:videos and
1266:
1239:Ku Klux Klan
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1164:mashable.com
1136:Barack Obama
1132:
1109:
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1082:
1070:
1014:
1008:
904:Self-defense
861:
784:Lèse-majesté
498:Embezzlement
422:Prostitution
412:Masturbation
295:Manslaughter
280:Intimidation
192:Solicitation
65:
58:
43:Criminal law
3161:miamiherald
2727:January 19,
1850:§ 1503
1751:PATRIOT Act
1741:Enforcement
1689:§ 7212
1566:hung juries
1553:handgun ban
1523:from armed
1513:vigilantism
1474:, to their
1472:Orrin Hatch
1343:Elaine Chao
1324:vigilantism
1301:Eric Cantor
1285:John Hoeven
1260:and/or the
1246:Sam Rayburn
1174:Legislators
1148:Vietnam War
1112:true threat
1026:federal law
1016:threatening
899:Provocation
623:Obstruction
603:Compounding
568:Tax evasion
392:Fornication
225:Child abuse
154:Misdemeanor
78:Concurrence
3516:Categories
3430:2018-10-07
3166:2018-10-08
3142:2018-10-08
3100:2010-03-26
2889:2010-03-26
2847:2018-10-08
2827:2023-08-10
2802:2019-08-06
2777:2018-10-08
2753:2018-10-08
2701:2018-10-07
2676:2018-10-07
2651:2018-10-07
2626:2018-10-07
2601:2018-10-07
2535:2010-03-28
2455:2012-08-25
2415:2018-10-08
2392:2018-10-08
2367:2018-10-08
2324:2018-10-07
2297:2018-10-07
2270:2018-10-08
2185:2018-10-08
2161:2018-10-07
2139:, ABC News
1815:2019-09-12
1793:References
1562:truck bomb
1541:radio host
1441:Ilhan Omar
1144:World Wars
1123:Presidents
1058:§ 876
1050:§ 875
1038:§ 871
857:Entrapment
832:Automatism
809:Subversion
768:Bestiality
737:War crimes
732:Usurpation
659:Corruption
618:Misprision
493:Cybercrime
285:Kidnapping
265:Hate crime
255:Harassment
235:Defamation
187:Incitement
182:Conspiracy
148:Infraction
107:Complicity
102:Accomplice
60:Actus reus
3450:USA Today
3387:ignored (
3333:ignored (
3030:ignored (
2923:USA Today
2570:ignored (
2509:USA Today
2224:ignored (
1830:18 U.S.C.
1787:Terrorism
1727:WikiLeaks
1715:would be
1709:blackmail
1656:pipe bomb
1476:Knowledge
1419:In 2020,
1281:Roy Blunt
1220:Rand Paul
1204:Jonestown
1118:Incidents
920:Contracts
894:Necessity
799:Secession
794:Espionage
727:Terrorism
689:Smuggling
583:Vandalism
563:Smuggling
503:Extortion
478:Blackmail
452:Voyeurism
432:Pederasty
417:Obscenity
299:corporate
122:Vicarious
117:Principal
112:Corporate
97:Accessory
88:liability
73:Causation
3376:citation
3322:citation
3019:citation
2721:Archived
2695:Newsweek
2559:citation
2344:Politico
2213:citation
2156:Mashable
1876:April 6,
1771:See also
1761:gag rule
1735:LinkedIn
1652:bullshit
1468:Mike Lee
1407:Newsweek
1397:and the
1384:Ted Cruz
1200:Leo Ryan
1152:Facebook
1146:and the
935:Property
930:Evidence
925:Defenses
874:Insanity
804:Sedition
758:Poaching
722:Regicide
674:Genocide
649:Apostasy
587:Mischief
523:Gambling
488:Burglary
372:Adultery
349:Stabbing
344:Stalking
327:Homicide
290:Menacing
270:Homicide
67:Mens rea
50:Elements
2821:AP News
2596:NPR.org
2362:TheHill
1632:Twitter
1547:of the
1517:treason
1421:Twitter
1373:Twitter
1273:Twitter
1269:YouTube
1192:slavery
1168:Twitter
1160:Twitter
1156:MySpace
1009:In the
963:Portals
954:estates
886: (
884:Mistake
869:Infancy
837:Consent
789:Treason
706:smoking
702:alcohol
669:Dueling
654:Begging
628:Perjury
558:Robbery
538:Looting
533:Larceny
513:Forgery
483:Bribery
354:Torture
339:Robbery
297: (
250:Frameup
220:Battery
215:Assault
177:Attempt
1999:,
1981:,
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950:trusts
888:of law
852:Duress
717:Piracy
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377:Bigamy
315:felony
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305:Mayhem
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