22:
92:
599:), which deals with defensive operations against raiders and damage limitation. This work is characteristic of a transitional stage between the bitter fighting of the 7th to 8th centuries and the turning of the tide in the 10th; Constantineās reign saw the beginnings of the great offensive in the East, led by general and then emperor
518:
and the serious decline in urban life in the West. Central in this process was the continuity of the huge
Constantinopolitan bureaucracy itself ā the same towering apparatus that kept the taxes flowing in during the 'Byzantine Dark Age' also powered the
228:. The date of writing is unknown, but we can assume it was written after 945 AD, when Constantine regained the throne and his son was crowned co-emperor at the age of seven. Constantineās main source for past military protocol was
409:
It features eleven lists of what is required for an imperial expedition, a thorough compilation of officers and items: taxes, fodder, animals for feasts, pay for officers and troops,
393:
throughout the City. The text also describes Caesarās imperial convoy as it advanced, with different practices and formations when on friendly soil and when in hostile land.
578:(5th century AD). The return of confidence implied by the Treatises ā note the stress on good order ā was part of the general recovery of the Byzantine state during the
585:
The fact that the
Treatises deal with offensive operations is an important point to make ā it differs significantly from the other major military work of the day,
403:
Constantine, emperor of the Romansā¦to
Romanos, God-crowned emperor, his son. What should be observed when the great and high emperor of the Romans goes on campaign
406:: This is the only text in the work addressed specifically to Romanos ā particularly note Constantineās stresses on the importance of father-to-son knowledge.
160:
132:
139:
146:
229:
51:
654:
128:
109:
102:
502:
The text ends abruptly; there is a grand introduction but no conclusion at all, so we can assume that it is an unfinished work.
664:
153:
259:
113:
659:
340:
Constantine the Great is presented as being thorough in campaigns, taking care about gathering information, throwing off
73:
44:
386:
201:(905-959 AD), giving advice on how an emperor should prepare and mount a military campaign. It is actually the
117:
611:
603:. Thus the Treatises anticipate the major offensive operations after the mid-10th century, described by the
382:
to defend the city, provide weapons and maintain morale by suppressing bad rumours and inventing good ones.
198:
649:
191:
344:, and ensuring there was enough equipment ā overall stress is laid on the importance of good order (
321:
Julius Caesar. Their names however could be a cover up for using the case studies of the 'heretical'
34:
317:; only it cannot really be them because they are described very anachronistically ā particularly a
38:
30:
370:
510:
There was a surprising amount of continuity in
Byzantine tradition despite the upheavals of the
595:
562:
511:
296:, etc.) are contained, as to where they should assemble when the emperor sets off on campaign.
277:
55:
310:
600:
586:
575:
515:
496:
334:
326:
8:
605:
442:
616:
579:
195:
571:
322:
567:
557:
364:
233:
566:ā Constantine writes about military tradition that has been passed on from the
524:
520:
379:
285:
374:, and dozens of other officers etc. ā mainly in making sure there were enough
643:
631:
Constantine
Porphyrogenitus: Three treatises on imperial military expeditions
469:
465:
461:
330:
314:
220:
207:
556:
The
Treatises are also the first military work written by an emperor since
378:. Emperors leaving on campaign also had to appoint a representative in the
224:, are assumed to have been written by Constantine for his son, the future
488:
453:
375:
358:
241:
541:
529:
484:
318:
306:
What should be observed when the emperor intends to go on an expedition
225:
535:
352:
273:
187:
91:
476:
472:
269:
264:
202:
633:, Vienna: Verlag der Ćsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
492:
457:
449:
426:
410:
281:
237:
523:
and its supply mechanism. There is also a surprising amount of
434:
430:
422:
418:
414:
480:
345:
236:. He in turn drew most of his information from the deeds of
582:, which saw extensive reconquests in both Asia and Europe.
438:
390:
445:
341:
337:
was still bitterly condemned during the 10th century.
258:: The text begins with marshaling orders for various
232:, who wrote in the early 10th century under emperor
183:
The Three
Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions
288:. Specific instructions to specific officers (the
129:"Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions"
253:Exposition of imperial expeditions and roster of
641:
385:Julius Caesar is described as pious, praying at
43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
262:, and then lists the six major assembly bases (
527:terminology and titulature that survived: the
350:). The text further lists the duties of the
118:introducing citations to additional sources
309:: The text consists of two case studies:
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Relevant discussion may be found on the
487:of the triumphant returns of emperors:
333:, etc. ā if so then this is proof that
642:
628:
574:ā though no earlier than the days of
539:date from the 6th century, while the
240:. The popular translation written by
186:is the conventional title given to a
655:10th century in the Byzantine Empire
85:
15:
13:
468:, etc. It also contains advice on
14:
676:
101:relies largely or entirely on a
90:
20:
205:to one of his major works, the
505:
1:
665:10th-century military history
622:
199:Constantine Porphyrogennetos
7:
244:is split into three texts:
10:
681:
660:Byzantine military manuals
346:
396:
299:
247:
629:Haldon, John F. (1990),
516:Iconoclast controversies
29:This article includes a
58:more precise citations.
596:De velitatione bellica
591:On Skirmishing Warfare
570:, and even before the
483:, and ends with three
311:Constantine the Great
284:, and Dazimon in the
576:Theodosius the Great
114:improve this article
606:Praecepta Militaria
553:from even earlier.
192:treatise on warfare
650:10th-century books
617:Nikephoros Ouranos
387:Byzantine churches
31:list of references
601:Nikephoros Phokas
587:Nikephoros Phokas
580:Macedonian period
323:Isaurian emperors
218:, as part of the
196:Byzantine emperor
179:
178:
164:
84:
83:
76:
672:
634:
572:Isaurian dynasty
512:Muslim conquests
349:
348:
194:associated with
174:
171:
165:
163:
122:
94:
86:
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
54:this article by
45:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
680:
679:
675:
674:
673:
671:
670:
669:
640:
639:
625:
568:Amorian dynasty
508:
466:folding benches
399:
365:protovestiarios
302:
250:
234:Leo VI the Wise
175:
169:
166:
123:
121:
107:
95:
80:
69:
63:
60:
49:
35:related reading
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
678:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
636:
635:
624:
621:
521:Byzantine army
514:, the ensuing
507:
504:
462:folding tables
398:
395:
356:, also of the
301:
298:
286:Armeniac Theme
249:
246:
242:John F. Haldon
177:
176:
112:. Please help
98:
96:
89:
82:
81:
39:external links
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
677:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
645:
638:
632:
627:
626:
620:
618:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
522:
517:
513:
503:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:for greeting
478:
475:and specific
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
404:
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
366:
361:
360:
355:
354:
343:
338:
336:
332:
331:Constantine V
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Julius Caesar
312:
308:
307:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Leo Katakylas
227:
223:
222:
221:De Ceremoniis
217:
212:
210:
209:
208:De Ceremoniis
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
173:
162:
159:
155:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131: ā
130:
126:
125:Find sources:
119:
115:
111:
105:
104:
103:single source
99:This article
97:
93:
88:
87:
78:
75:
67:
57:
53:
47:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
18:
17:
637:
630:
610:
604:
594:
590:
584:
561:
555:
550:
546:
540:
534:
528:
525:late Antique
509:
501:
485:case studies
408:
402:
401:
400:
384:
376:pack animals
369:
363:
357:
351:
339:
305:
304:
303:
293:
289:
276:, Kaborkin,
263:
254:
252:
251:
219:
215:
213:
206:
182:
181:
180:
167:
157:
150:
143:
136:
124:
100:
70:
61:
50:Please help
42:
563:Strategikon
506:Conclusions
489:Michael III
389:and giving
359:sakellarios
170:August 2012
64:August 2012
56:introducing
644:Categories
623:References
547:praitorion
542:exkoubitai
530:spatharioi
497:Theophilos
477:ceremonies
454:foreigners
448:and plain
371:domestikos
335:iconoclasm
294:domestikoi
226:Romanos II
140:newspapers
536:optimatoi
353:strategoi
319:Christian
290:strategoi
282:Kaisareia
274:Dorylaion
216:Treatises
190:literary
188:Byzantine
110:talk page
609:and the
549:and the
473:security
458:cushions
450:garments
443:goatskin
411:blankets
278:Koloneia
270:Malagina
203:appendix
612:Taktika
558:Maurice
493:Basil I
435:weapons
431:shovels
423:halters
419:napkins
415:saddles
380:capital
347:Īµį½ĻĪ±Ī¾ĪÆĪ±
327:Leo III
265:aplekta
255:aplÄkta
238:Basil I
154:scholar
52:improve
545:, the
481:troops
397:Text C
300:Text B
260:themes
248:Text A
156:
149:
142:
135:
127:
551:komes
427:picks
342:spies
161:JSTOR
147:books
37:, or
533:and
495:and
470:camp
452:for
446:mats
439:rope
391:alms
329:and
313:and
214:The
133:news
615:of
560:ās
268:):
211:.
116:by
646::
619:.
589:'
499:.
491:,
464:,
460:,
456:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
429:,
425:,
421:,
417:,
413:,
368:,
362:,
325:,
292:,
280:,
272:,
41:,
33:,
593:(
172:)
168:(
158:Ā·
151:Ā·
144:Ā·
137:Ā·
120:.
106:.
77:)
71:(
66:)
62:(
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.