409:. The throttle is either open or closed (although there is always a small hole or other bypass to allow a small amount of air to flow through so the engine can idle when the throttle is closed), or some intermediate position. Since air velocity is crucial to the functioning of a carburetor, to keep average air velocity up, larger engines require more complex carburetors with multiple small venturis, typically two or four (these venturis are commonly called "barrels"). A typical "2-barrel" carburetor uses a single oval or rectangular throttle plate, and works similarly to a single venturi carburetor, but with two small openings instead of one. A 4-venturi carburetor has two pairs of venturis, each pair regulated by a single oval or rectangular throttle plate. Under normal operation, only one throttle plate (the "primary") opens when the accelerator pedal is pressed, allowing more air into the engine, but keeping overall airflow velocity through the carburetor high (thus improving efficiency). The "secondary" throttle is operated either mechanically when the primary plate is opened past a certain amount, or via engine vacuum, influenced by the position of the accelerator pedal and engine load, allowing for greater air flow into the engine at high RPM and load and better efficiency at low RPM. Multiple 2-venturi or 4-venturi carburetors can be used simultaneously in situations where maximum engine power is of priority.
526:" or ITBs. Although rare in production vehicles, these are common equipment on many racing cars and modified street vehicles. This practice harks back to the days when many high performance cars were given one, small, single-venturi carburettor for each cylinder or pair of cylinders (i.e. Weber, SU carburettors), each one with their own small throttle plate inside. In a carburettor, the smaller throttle opening also allowed for more precise and fast carburettor response, as well as better atomization of the fuel when running at low engine speeds.
608:. They are also useful in situations where the airspeed of the vehicle must be limited due to aerodynamic stress in the denser atmosphere at lower levels (e.g. the Space Shuttle). Rockets characteristically become lighter the longer they burn, with the changing ratio of thrust:weight resulting in increasing acceleration, so engines are often throttled (or switched off) to limit acceleration forces towards the end of a stage's burn time if it is carrying sensitive cargo (e.g. humans).
2045:
2065:
429:
32:
357:
2055:
413:
169:
293:
558:(which is done with the reversing lever), as this is more efficient. A steam locomotive throttle valve poses a difficult design challenge as it must be opened and closed using hand effort against the considerable pressure (typically 250 psi or 1,700 kPa) of boiler steam. One of the primary reasons for later multiple-sequential valves: it is far easier to open a small
456:, and that carbureted engines have throttles as well. A throttle body simply supplies a convenient place to mount a throttle in the absence of a carburetor venturi. Carburetors are an older technology, which mechanically modulate the amount of air flow (with an internal throttle plate) and combine air and fuel together (
623:
The lifespan of the throttle is not set since it highly depends on the driving style and specific vehicle. The throttle tends to be quite dirty after 100-150 thousand kilometers, and it is necessary to clean it up. The malfunction of the throttle could be indicated by illuminated EPC warning light.
509:
and allows a straighter path for the airflow to the cylinder head, as well as for equal-distance intake runners of short length, difficult to achieve when all the runners have to travel to certain location to connect to a single throttle body, at the cost of greater complexity and packaging issues.
368:
When the driver presses on the accelerator pedal, the throttle plate rotates within the throttle body, opening the throttle passage to allow more air into the intake manifold, immediately drawn inside by its vacuum. Usually a mass airflow sensor measures this change and communicates it to the ECU.
253:
is controlled by regulating the quantity of fuel that is injected into the cylinder. Because diesel engines do not need to control air volumes, they usually lack a butterfly valve in the intake tract. An exception to this generalization is newer diesel engines meeting stricter emissions standards,
472:
still need a throttle to control the airflow into the engine, together with a sensor that detects its current opening angle, so that the correct air/fuel ratio can be met at any RPM and engine load combination. The simplest way to do this is to simply remove the carburetor unit, and bolt a simple
195:. The butterfly valve of the throttle is operated by means of an arm piece, loaded by a spring. This arm is usually directly linked to the accelerator cable, and operates in accordance with the driver, who hits it. The further the pedal is pushed, the wider the throttle valve opens.
562:
against the pressure differential, and open the others once pressure begins to equalize than to open a single large valve, especially as steam pressures eventually exceeded 200 psi (1,400 kPa) or even 300 psi (2,100 kPa). Examples include the balanced
541:
at the top of the boiler (although not all boilers feature these). The additional height afforded by the dome helps to avoid any liquid (e.g. from bubbles on the surface of the boiler water) being drawn into the throttle valve, which could damage it, or lead to
180:, the throttle is a means of controlling an engine's power by regulating the amount of fuel or air entering the engine. In a motor vehicle the control used by the driver to regulate power is sometimes called the throttle, accelerator, or gas
202:
systems where sensors monitor the driver controls and in response a computerized system controls the flow of fuel and air. This means that the operator does not have direct control over the flow of fuel and air; the
377:(TPS) is connected to the shaft of the throttle plate to provide the ECU with information on whether the throttle is in the idle position, wide-open throttle (WOT) position, or somewhere in between these extremes.
468:) coupled with electronic sensors and computers which precisely calculate how long should a certain injector stay open and therefore how much fuel should be injected by each injection pulse. However, they
554:
to start, stop and to control the locomotive's power although, during steady-state running of most locomotives, it is preferable to leave the throttle wide open and to control the power by varying the
341:
On many cars, the accelerator pedal motion is communicated via the throttle cable, which is mechanically connected to the throttle linkages, which, in turn, rotate the throttle plate. In cars with
327:. Often, an engine coolant line also runs through it in order for the engine to draw intake air at a certain temperature (the engine's current coolant temperature, which the ECU senses through the
364:. The throttle cable attaches to the curved, black portion on the left. The copper-coloured coil visible next to this returns the throttle to its idle (closed) position when the pedal is released.
349:
controls the throttle linkages and the accelerator pedal connects not to the throttle body, but to a sensor, which outputs a signal proportional to the current pedal position and sends it to the
600:, use solid fuel with a liquid oxidizer, and therefore can be throttled. Throttling tends to be required more for powered landings, and launch into space using a single main stage (such as the
392:, the Idle Air Control Valve (IACV), that the ECU uses to control the amount of air that can bypass the main throttle opening to allow the engine to idle when the throttle is closed.
269:
aircraft, the throttle control is usually a hand-operated lever or knob. It controls the engine power output, which may or may not reflect in a change of RPM, depending on the
353:. The ECU then determines the throttle opening based on the accelerator pedal's position and inputs from other engine sensors such as the engine coolant temperature sensor.
668:
2101:
550:, or series of poppet valves which open in sequence to regulate the amount of steam admitted to the steam chests over the pistons. It is used in conjunction with the
215:
to make a cold engine warm up faster or to account for eventual additional engine loads such as running air conditioning compressors in order to avoid engine stalls.
315:
that controls the amount of air flowing into the engine, in response to driver accelerator pedal input in the main. The throttle body is usually located between the
188:
engine, the throttle regulates only the amount of air allowed to enter the engine. The throttle of a diesel, when present, regulates the air flow into the engine.
140:
has come to refer, informally, to any mechanism by which the power or speed of an engine is regulated, such as a car's accelerator pedal. What is often termed a
782:
460:). Cars with fuel injection don't need a mechanical device to meter the fuel flow, since that duty is taken over by injectors in the intake pathways (for
2094:
485:, among others), and it allows an older engine design to be converted from carburetor to fuel injection without significantly altering the
2523:
2087:
136:'s power can be increased or decreased by the restriction of inlet gases (by the use of a throttle), but usually decreased. The term
184:. For a gasoline engine, the throttle most commonly regulates the amount of air and fuel allowed to enter the engine. However, in a
775:
1451:
42:
2694:
2493:
683:
2189:
1350:
505:. Vehicles can sometimes employ more than one throttle body, connected by linkages to operate simultaneously, which improves
2518:
1923:
768:
1289:
615:, thrust is controlled by changing the amount of fuel flowing into the combustion chamber, similar to a diesel engine.
100:
328:
284:
system to regulate the airflow into the cylinders, although the result is the same, albeit with less pumping losses.
254:
where such a valve is used to generate intake manifold vacuum, thereby allowing the introduction of exhaust gas (see
72:
679:
639:, and so on. The effective way to increase the throttle's lifespan is through regular maintenance and cleaning.
79:
2437:
1948:
967:
708:
596:
57:
1206:
2079:
2026:
1943:
1860:
1264:
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628:
vehicles. Vehicles not equipped with the EPC warning light indicate issues with the throttle by illuminated
590:
can be throttled by means of valves which regulate the flow of fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber.
2247:
2058:
848:
635:
Symptoms of the throttle malfunction could vary from poor idle, decreased engine power, poor mileage, bad
86:
2478:
1807:
1444:
342:
2699:
2689:
2473:
2353:
2009:
791:
543:
537:
normally have the throttle (North
American English) or regulator (British English) in a characteristic
304:
177:
2318:
1400:
1314:
1279:
1259:
1211:
1119:
465:
461:
255:
185:
68:
20:
369:
The ECU then increases the amount of fuel injected by the injectors in order to obtain the required
280:
Some modern internal combustion engines do not use a traditional throttle, instead relying on their
2553:
2468:
2303:
1395:
1236:
945:
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374:
361:
274:
2417:
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1170:
350:
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1981:
1627:
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992:
396:
380:
Throttle bodies may also contain valves and adjustments to control the minimum airflow during
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2403:
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2209:
1502:
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555:
281:
2648:
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8:
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324:
204:
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93:
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977:
917:
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405:
engines, feature a single small throttle plate over a basic carburetor with a single
242:
is usually at ambient atmospheric pressure. When the throttle is partially closed, a
2282:
2272:
2174:
1993:
1976:
1769:
1734:
1544:
1534:
1497:
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53:
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897:
551:
335:
320:
243:
227:
219:
477:, also known by different marketing names (such as "throttle-body injection" by
473:
unit containing a throttle body and fuel injectors on instead. This is known as
2607:
2597:
2257:
2184:
2144:
1885:
1787:
1691:
1686:
1246:
1216:
1071:
838:
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457:
432:
Triple butterfly throttle body atop a fuel injection plenum, on a supercharged
406:
389:
370:
346:
301:
239:
223:
2109:
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2533:
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932:
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833:
823:
760:
601:
591:
575:
490:
385:
334:
The largest piece inside the throttle body is the throttle plate, which is a
250:
231:
199:
582:
level in-flight. This is not always a requirement; in fact, the thrust of a
234:. In a carbureted engine, it is found in the carburetor. When a throttle is
2668:
2627:
2622:
2398:
2219:
2204:
2179:
2014:
1971:
1953:
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1706:
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927:
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538:
445:
402:
381:
316:
149:
126:
19:
This article is about the control of engine power. For other uses, see
448:
in a non-injected engine, although it is important to remember that a
1988:
1642:
1615:
1585:
1340:
1081:
1076:
863:
843:
519:
412:
1429:
522:, can use a separate throttle body for each cylinder, often called "
31:
2149:
2139:
1933:
1817:
1673:
1632:
1363:
1359:
962:
887:
853:
428:
489:
design. More complex later designs use intake manifolds, and even
168:
1754:
1637:
1529:
1390:
1274:
515:
417:
356:
2224:
2194:
1201:
1180:
957:
907:
579:
511:
501:
Most fuel injected cars have a single throttle, contained in a
421:
312:
292:
133:
2587:
735:"Throttle valve: How it works and its possible malfunctions"
226:
engine, the throttle valve is placed on the entrance of the
191:
Historically, the throttle pedal or lever acts via a direct
1832:
1355:
198:
Modern engines of both types (gas and diesel) are commonly
49:
1471:
802:
709:"EPC Warning Light: What does it mean and how to fix it?"
259:
258:) to lower combustion temperatures and thereby minimize
510:
At the extreme, higher-performance cars like the E92
493:, specially designed for the inclusion of injectors.
246:
develops as the intake drops below ambient pressure.
156:, the valve which controls the steam is known as the
207:(ECU) can achieve better control in order to reduce
618:
218:The throttle on a gasoline engine is typically a
2681:
790:
323:, and it is usually attached to, or near, the
163:
2095:
1445:
776:
586:is not controllable after ignition. However,
518:, and high-performance motorcycles like the
58:introducing citations to additional sources
496:
395:The most basic carbureted engines, such as
144:(in an aviation context) is also called a
129:is managed by constriction or obstruction.
2102:
2088:
1452:
1438:
783:
769:
676:Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
296:The components of a typical throttle body
172:A cross-section view of a butterfly valve
849:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
427:
424:showing eight individual throttle bodies
411:
355:
291:
167:
48:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2682:
331:) and therefore with a known density.
211:, maximize performance and adjust the
2083:
1459:
1433:
764:
624:This is usually the case with modern
2054:
732:
706:
384:. Even in those units that are not "
345:(also known as "drive-by-wire"), an
25:
2116:components, systems and terminology
2027:Vehicle identification number (VIN)
13:
14:
2711:
756:
594:engines, such as the one used in
462:multipoint fuel injection systems
2063:
2053:
2044:
2043:
1470:Part of a series of articles on
619:Lifespan of the throttle in cars
529:
481:and "central fuel injection" by
287:
41:relies largely or entirely on a
30:
951:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
680:Federal Aviation Administration
388:", there will often be a small
2438:Propeller speed reduction unit
726:
700:
661:
546:. The throttle is basically a
1:
2695:Engine fuel system technology
1861:Approach and departure angles
669:"Chapter 6: Aircraft Systems"
654:
444:is somewhat analogous to the
273:installation (fixed-pitch or
2248:Capacitor discharge ignition
338:that regulates the airflow.
282:variable intake valve timing
7:
1924:Automotive light bulb types
733:Milo, Martin (2023-02-14).
707:Milo, Martin (2023-02-16).
642:
452:is not the same thing as a
343:electronic throttle control
164:Internal combustion engines
10:
2716:
792:Internal combustion engine
524:individual throttle bodies
178:internal combustion engine
18:
2641:
2575:
2552:
2506:
2451:
2425:
2416:
2291:
2258:Electronic fuel injection
2233:
2130:
2121:
2039:
2002:
1964:
1914:
1903:
1853:
1780:
1720:
1672:
1651:
1488:
1479:
1467:
1409:
1373:
1333:
1288:
1260:Diesel particulate filter
1245:
1212:Idle air control actuator
1194:
1161:
1153:Engine control unit (ECU)
1143:
1090:
1044:
1006:
926:
811:
798:
739:AUTORIDE | All about cars
713:AUTORIDE | All about cars
588:liquid-propellant rockets
186:gasoline direct injection
21:Throttle (disambiguation)
2304:Aircraft engine starting
1944:high-intensity discharge
1325:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1237:Throttle position sensor
946:Overhead camshaft layout
604:), than for launch with
497:Multiple throttle bodies
466:direct injection systems
375:throttle position sensor
362:throttle position sensor
152:powered aircraft. For a
125:is a mechanism by which
2349:Mean effective pressure
864:Core plug (freeze plug)
567:" type used on Gresley
16:Control of engine power
2389:Time between overhauls
1628:Stressed member engine
682:. 2008. Archived from
437:
425:
365:
360:Throttle body showing
297:
249:The power output of a
173:
2664:Ice protection system
2404:Volumetric efficiency
2369:Overhead valve engine
1760:Windshield/windscreen
475:single-port injection
431:
415:
400:Briggs & Stratton
390:solenoid driven valve
359:
295:
171:
2649:Auxiliary power unit
2529:Flight data recorder
1929:Daytime running lamp
1105:Compression ignition
464:) or cylinders (for
267:reciprocating engine
54:improve this article
2618:Pressure carburetor
2354:Naturally aspirated
2324:Engine displacement
1891:Weight distribution
1823:Omniview technology
1255:Catalytic converter
556:steam cut-off point
325:mass airflow sensor
311:is the part of the
230:, or housed in the
205:Engine Control Unit
148:, particularly for
2633:Updraft carburetor
2507:Engine instruments
2433:Propeller governor
2329:Four-stroke engine
2010:Registration plate
1381:Knocking / pinging
973:Combustion chamber
649:Adapted automobile
606:multistage rockets
578:means varying the
438:
426:
366:
298:
193:mechanical linkage
174:
2700:Engine components
2690:Engine technology
2677:
2676:
2514:Annunciator panel
2502:
2501:
2412:
2411:
2394:Two-stroke engine
2364:Overhead camshaft
2344:Manifold pressure
2314:Compression ratio
2077:
2076:
2035:
2034:
1899:
1898:
1730:Glass run channel
1664:Trunk/boot/dickie
1461:Automotive design
1427:
1426:
1396:Stratified charge
1163:Electrical system
1145:Engine management
978:Compression ratio
918:Starter ring gear
817:rotating assembly
584:solid-fuel rocket
535:Steam locomotives
507:throttle response
347:electric actuator
313:air intake system
119:
118:
104:
2707:
2659:Hydraulic system
2479:Counter-rotating
2423:
2422:
2175:Hydraulic tappet
2128:
2127:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2046:
1994:Window deflector
1977:Side-view mirror
1912:
1911:
1535:Continental tire
1498:Backbone chassis
1486:
1485:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1270:Exhaust manifold
1135:Spark plug wires
1021:Boost controller
1008:Forced induction
785:
778:
771:
762:
761:
750:
749:
747:
746:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
704:
698:
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695:
694:
688:
673:
665:
626:Volkswagen Group
574:Throttling of a
154:steam locomotive
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
34:
26:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2654:Coffman starter
2637:
2580:
2571:
2562:Carburetor heat
2554:Engine controls
2548:
2498:
2474:Contra-rotating
2447:
2408:
2339:Ignition timing
2287:
2268:Ignition system
2235:
2229:
2132:
2117:
2108:
2078:
2073:
2031:
1998:
1960:
1908:
1906:
1895:
1866:Breakover angle
1849:
1776:
1716:
1668:
1647:
1475:
1463:
1458:
1428:
1423:
1405:
1401:Top dead centre
1369:
1329:
1284:
1241:
1190:
1164:
1157:
1146:
1139:
1086:
1040:
1002:
958:Tappet / lifter
941:Flathead layout
931:
922:
816:
807:
794:
789:
759:
754:
753:
744:
742:
731:
727:
718:
716:
705:
701:
692:
690:
686:
671:
667:
666:
662:
657:
645:
621:
552:reversing lever
532:
499:
487:intake manifold
397:single cylinder
336:butterfly valve
329:relevant sensor
321:intake manifold
290:
244:manifold vacuum
228:intake manifold
220:butterfly valve
166:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2713:
2703:
2702:
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2674:
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2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Inlet manifold
2605:
2600:
2598:Fuel injection
2595:
2590:
2584:
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2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
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2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2494:Variable-pitch
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Constant-speed
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
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2420:
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2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
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2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:Obturator ring
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
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2147:
2145:Connecting rod
2142:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2123:Piston engines
2119:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2084:
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2051:
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2019:
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1991:
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1965:Other elements
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1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1909:
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1888:
1886:Turning radius
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1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Bumper sticker
1784:
1782:
1781:Other elements
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
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1772:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
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1368:
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1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1290:Cooling system
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1247:Exhaust system
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Inlet manifold
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
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1162:
1159:
1158:
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1155:
1149:
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1144:
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1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1072:Fuel injection
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
953:
948:
943:
937:
935:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
839:Connecting rod
836:
831:
826:
820:
818:
809:
808:
799:
796:
795:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
758:
757:External links
755:
752:
751:
741:. MILOMEDIA OÜ
725:
715:. MILOMEDIA OÜ
699:
659:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
644:
641:
620:
617:
597:Space Ship One
531:
528:
498:
495:
491:cylinder heads
479:General Motors
371:air-fuel ratio
289:
286:
275:constant speed
165:
162:
117:
116:
52:. Please help
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2712:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:Other systems
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:and induction
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Glass cockpit
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2495:
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2424:
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2419:
2415:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Shock cooling
2377:
2375:
2374:Rotary engine
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
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2342:
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2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
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2320:
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2307:
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2300:
2297:
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2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Dual ignition
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Cylinder head
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2114:piston engine
2112:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
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1913:
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1864:
1862:
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1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Hood ornament
1801:
1799:
1798:Front-end bra
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Quarter glass
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
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1626:
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1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Quarter panel
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1563:
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1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Body-on-frame
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
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1462:
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1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
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1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
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1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:Water cooling
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1280:Oxygen sensor
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:Intake system
1193:
1187:
1186:Starter motor
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Ignition coil
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Petrol engine
1055:
1053:
1052:Diesel engine
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:Blowoff valve
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
936:
934:
933:Cylinder head
929:
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
878:
874:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:Balance shaft
822:
821:
819:
814:
810:
806:
804:
797:
793:
786:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:
763:
740:
736:
729:
714:
710:
703:
689:on 2009-02-27
685:
681:
677:
670:
664:
660:
650:
647:
646:
640:
638:
633:
631:
627:
616:
614:
609:
607:
603:
602:Space Shuttle
599:
598:
593:
592:Hybrid rocket
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:rocket engine
572:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
536:
530:Other engines
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
503:throttle body
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:throttle body
447:
443:
435:
430:
423:
420:from the E92
419:
414:
410:
408:
404:
401:
398:
393:
391:
387:
386:drive-by-wire
383:
378:
376:
372:
363:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:throttle body
306:
303:
302:fuel injected
294:
288:Throttle body
285:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
252:
251:diesel engine
247:
245:
241:
238:, the intake
237:
233:
232:throttle body
229:
225:
224:fuel-injected
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
201:
200:drive-by-wire
196:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
170:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
113:
110:February 2019
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:
43:single source
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2669:Recoil start
2628:Turbocharger
2623:Supercharger
2566:
2489:Single-blade
2399:Valve timing
2220:Sleeve valve
2205:Poppet valve
2180:Main bearing
2015:vanity plate
1954:trafficators
1765:washer fluid
1745:Power window
1740:Opera window
1652:Compartments
1540:Crumple zone
1525:Cabrio coach
1469:
1310:Electric fan
1231:
1110:Coil-on-plug
1036:Turbocharger
1031:Supercharger
903:Main bearing
893:Firing order
883:Displacement
829:Block heater
813:Engine block
801:Part of the
800:
743:. Retrieved
738:
728:
717:. Retrieved
712:
702:
691:. Retrieved
684:the original
675:
663:
637:acceleration
634:
630:check engine
622:
610:
595:
573:
560:poppet valve
548:poppet valve
533:
523:
502:
500:
474:
469:
453:
449:
441:
439:
394:
379:
367:
340:
333:
319:box and the
308:
299:
279:
264:
262:production.
248:
217:
197:
190:
175:
157:
146:thrust lever
141:
137:
131:
122:
120:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
40:
2613:Intercooler
2539:Hobbs meter
2464:Blade pitch
2459:Autofeather
2452:Terminology
2359:Monosoupape
2319:Dead centre
2292:Terminology
2200:Piston ring
2170:Gudgeon pin
1949:sealed beam
1881:Roll center
1876:Ride height
1813:Japan black
1808:Instruments
1793:Curb feeler
1659:Hood/bonnet
1334:Lubrication
1298:Air cooling
1115:Distributor
1067:Fuel filter
1045:Fuel system
1026:Intercooler
993:Timing belt
983:Head gasket
913:Piston ring
569:A3 Pacifics
565:double beat
440:A throttle
434:drag racing
213:engine idle
2684:Categories
2603:Gascolator
2593:Carburetor
2544:Tachometer
2426:Components
2418:Propellers
2334:Horsepower
2299:Air-cooled
2278:Spark plug
2243:Alternator
2236:components
2234:Electrical
2215:Rocker arm
2155:Crankshaft
2133:components
2131:Mechanical
1735:Greenhouse
1386:Power band
1346:Oil filter
1320:Thermostat
1265:EGT sensor
1227:MAF sensor
1222:MAP sensor
1207:Air filter
1171:Alternator
1130:Spark plug
1062:Carburetor
988:Rocker arm
928:Valvetrain
859:Crankshaft
803:Automobile
745:2023-02-19
719:2023-02-19
693:2009-02-09
655:References
613:jet engine
539:steam dome
446:carburetor
403:lawn-mower
373:. Often a
317:air filter
150:jet engine
127:fluid flow
80:newspapers
69:"Throttle"
2263:Generator
1989:Tow hitch
1907:equipment
1833:Tire/tyre
1692:Gull-wing
1682:Butterfly
1643:Trunk lid
1586:Monocoque
1490:Framework
1120:Glow plug
1082:Fuel tank
1077:Fuel pump
844:Crankcase
520:Yamaha R6
416:Image of
271:propeller
236:wide open
209:emissions
158:regulator
50:talk page
2567:Throttle
2484:Scimitar
2190:Oil pump
2160:Cylinder
2150:Crankpin
2140:Camshaft
2111:Aircraft
2049:Category
1934:Headlamp
1916:Lighting
1905:Exterior
1871:Overhang
1854:Geometry
1838:run-flat
1818:Nerf bar
1633:Subframe
1601:Platform
1591:Overhang
1503:Beltline
1419:Category
1364:Dry sump
1360:Wet sump
1351:Oil pump
1315:Radiator
1232:Throttle
1092:Ignition
963:Camshaft
888:Flywheel
869:Cylinder
854:Crankpin
643:See also
632:symbol.
516:Ferraris
454:throttle
240:manifold
142:throttle
138:throttle
123:throttle
2443:Spinner
2283:Starter
2273:Magneto
2210:Pushrod
2059:Commons
1755:Sunroof
1707:Suicide
1702:Sliding
1697:Scissor
1638:Tonneau
1623:Spoiler
1530:Chassis
1391:Redline
1275:Muffler
1176:Battery
1100:Magneto
544:priming
458:venturi
418:BMW S65
407:venturi
305:engines
222:. In a
94:scholar
2581:system
2384:Stroke
2225:Tappet
2195:Piston
2069:Portal
1939:hidden
1687:Canopy
1596:Pillar
1577:shaker
1562:Grille
1555:skirts
1550:ponton
1545:Fender
1518:Dagmar
1513:Bumper
1414:Portal
1202:Airbox
1181:Dynamo
908:Piston
898:Stroke
877:layout
805:series
580:thrust
512:BMW M3
422:BMW M3
307:, the
176:In an
134:engine
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2588:Avgas
2524:EICAS
2022:Theft
2003:Legal
1982:power
1843:spare
1828:Parts
1770:wiper
1722:Glass
1674:Doors
1572:scoop
1374:Other
998:Valve
968:Chest
687:(PDF)
672:(PDF)
611:In a
265:In a
182:pedal
101:JSTOR
87:books
2577:Fuel
2519:EFIS
2309:Bore
1972:Horn
1712:Swan
1616:rack
1611:Roof
1567:Hood
1481:Body
1472:cars
1356:Sump
873:bank
834:Bore
514:and
483:Ford
442:body
382:idle
73:news
1341:Oil
930:and
815:and
436:car
351:ECU
300:In
277:).
260:NOx
256:EGR
132:An
56:by
2686::
1362:,
875:,
737:.
711:.
678:.
674:.
571:.
470:do
160:.
121:A
2103:e
2096:t
2089:v
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1366:)
1358:(
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871:(
784:e
777:t
770:v
748:.
722:.
696:.
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112:)
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98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
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23:.
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