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Minnetonka (Minne means water; Tonka means large and round). Their happiness was disturbed because their traditional enemies, the
Chippewa, lived on the north shore of this lake. They feared to return home and be separated, and finally in desperation they decided to end it all. The legend states that they disappeared beneath the waves and were no more. The waves moaned a rhythmic sound and the pines crooned their love song. Many moons afterwards the warriors of the Sioux drove the Chippewa north to Lake Superior. One night while they were camped on the shores of Lake Minnetonka, they heard the waters singing a weird melody and, in the moon-path on the waters, two lilies appeared and grew to the skies. The lilies were the spirits of Moon Deer and Sun Deer.
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That night marked an epoch in my life, opened to me a new world. What work I have since done has been due chiefly to that song. Thousands of people have heard it, clothed with the harmonizing which our ears demand; it is lying upon music Tables all over the land, has been sung by many of the world's
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Moon Deer, daughter of the Moon Clan, loved Sun Deer of the Sun Clan. Tribal law forbade marriage between the two clans. It was decreed that daughters of the Moon Clan must marry into the Eagle Clan. The two lovers, in tears, ran away far to the east and north. They came to a beautiful lake called
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The early editions of the published arrangements in 1915, 1917, and 1921 called for a violin or flute to echo the vocal melody, playing either a provided melody or ad lib. Possibly because of this, the melody is often played on the Native
American flute. The performance notes from Lieurance's 1921
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A violin typifies the wind, if you choose, echoes the soft harmonies of the accompaniment which rocks to and fro on harp chords, between the major key and its relative minor, in and out of that singular domain musicians know as the “added Sixth” chord and its
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22:(March 21, 1878 – October 9, 1963) was an American composer, known primarily for his song "By the Waters of Minnetonka". He is frequently categorized with a number of his contemporaries, including
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142:. During his time at the Cincinnati College of Music, he studied theory, orchestration, harmony and arranging. In 1900 he sang with the chorus of Castle Square Garden Opera Company to learn of
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in 1913 as "an Indian love song" with words by J. M. Cavanass, becoming an instant success and going through several editions; it was also frequently recorded in the years before 1950.
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Apart from "By the Waters of
Minnetonka", Lieurance wrote over 300 works, his first composition was entitled "A Prayer". Included in his works were a number of
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Lieurance married, in 1917, Edna
Woolley, and she took part in his recital tours thereafter. She would wear an Indian costume and play the part of "
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when he was very young. Little is recorded about his early education; it is known that his father encouraged him to be a
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Sioux) singer, Sitting Eagle, also known as
Mortimer Dreamer, then living on the Crow Reservation in
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in the early 1930s. Upon their return, the composer was given support for his research into
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Lieurance himself recognized how important to his career the song had been, later saying:
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A typewritten note found among the composer's papers describes the legend behind the song:
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Around 1909, Lieurance acquired a portable cylinder recording device from
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he enlisted as a musician. With the cessation of hostilities, he moved to
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365:(1st ed.). Success Composition and Printing Company. p. 158.
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461:(Sheet music No. 17550). Philadelphia: Theodore Presser Co. p. 7.
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Lieurance and his wife were invited by
Theodore Presser to travel to
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University of
Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music alumni
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438:"By the Waters of Minnetonka for the Native American Flute"
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Musical Iowana 1838–1938 Iowa
Federation of Music Clubs
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and its production. Around 1905, Lieurance joined the
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Ristvedt, Helen; Bolton, Lewis; Ousley, Myra (1938).
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350:. Kansas State Historical Society. 2008-08-13.
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