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407:, who had previously had jurisdiction over Galloway; but the new bishopric survived, and York had a new suffragan, an important step in the battle between York and Canterbury over the primacy, which was mainly a battle over the prestige of their respective sees. The number of bishops subject to either archbishop was an important factor in the reputation of each. In 1133, Thurstan, who had received papal permission to found an entirely new diocese, consecrated
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366:. Calixtus had earlier promised Henry that he would not consecrate Thurstan without the king's permission, which had still not been granted. Enraged at this, the king refused to allow the newly consecrated archbishop to enter England, and Thurstan remained for some time on the continent in the company of the pope. While he was travelling with the pope, he also visited
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In 2024 evidence emerged that
Thurstan had been acclaimed as a saint: his name was found, associated with a feast day of 6 February, in an ancient catalogue of saints' days at Pontefract Priory. At the time the pope's approval was not needed for sainthood; the monks at Pontefract exhumed his body two
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on
England as a punishment if the papal bull was not obeyed. At length, Thurstan's friends, including Adela, succeeded in reconciling him with Henry, and he rejoined the king in Normandy. At Easter 1120, he escorted Adela to the monastery of Marcigny, where she retired from active secular affairs. He
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Thurstan is described by the historian Edmund King as "a bishop like no other. Thurstan and the baronage of
Yorkshire had been partners in a common enterprise, their security in this world and their salvation in the next, and to all aspects of his role he had shown a complete commitment." His death
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in 1116 the
English king ordered Thurstan to submit to Canterbury, but instead Thurstan publicly resigned the archbishopric. On his way to the council, Thurstan had received letters from Paschal II that supported York and commanded that he should be consecrated without a profession. Similar letters
370:, King Henry's sister, who was also Thurstan's spiritual daughter. At about this same time, Calixtus issued two bulls in Thurstan's favor: one released York from Canterbury's supremacy forever, and the other demanded the king allow Thurstan to return to York. The pope threatened an
395:, who was the lord or sub-king of Galloway, in what is now Scotland. In this Thurstan secured another suffragan, and Fergus gained a bishop in his lordship, where previously ecclesiastical matters in his subkingdom had been handled by Scottish bishops. The first bishop was the
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had gone to Ralph d'Escures from the pope, ordering Ralph, as
Archbishop of Canterbury, to consecrate Thurstan. After the news of the letters became public, Thurstan's resignation was ignored, and he continued to be considered the archbishop-elect.
218:
was delayed for five years while he fought attempts by the
Archbishop of Canterbury to assert primacy over York. Eventually, he was consecrated by the pope instead and allowed to return to England. While archbishop, he secured two new
545:, to become Bishop of London, Thurstan replied, "If we consider his life and reputation, it would be much more fitting to remove him from his abbacy than to promote him to be bishop of London." Anselm was not confirmed as bishop.
453:. Thurstan did not take direct part in the battle., but he created the standard that gave the battle its name, by putting a ship's mast in a cart and hanging the banners of Saint Peter of York, Saint
422:, was his superior, and did not help with William's consecration. The dispute between the two continued, and both archbishops carried their complaints in person to Rome twice. In 1126,
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at several points in her career, and tried to persuade her to become the first prioress of his foundation of St. Clement's. He was a patron to the
Augustinian
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years after his death and, finding it well-preserved, acclaimed him as a saint. This detail was lost in the destruction of monasteries' possessions during the
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in 1138 between
England and Scotland. It was Thurstan who mustered the army which defeated the Scots at the Battle of the Standard on 22 August 1138 near
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as king. Thurstan also defended the northern part of
England from invasion by the Scots, taking a leading part in organising the English forces at the
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465:, the daughter of Henry I and Stephen's rival for the throne. On 21 January 1140 Thurstan resigned his see and entered the order of the Cluniacs at
338:, refused to consecrate Thurstan unless the archbishop-elect made a profession of obedience to the southern see. This was part of the long-running
346:. Henry I refused to allow him to make the journey, but even without a personal appeal from Thurstan, Paschal decided against Canterbury. At the
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1323:
Dawtry, Anne (1982). "The
Benedictine Revival in the North: The Last Bulwark of Anglo-Saxon Monasticism". In Mews, Stuart (ed.).
342:, which started in 1070. Thurstan refused to make such a profession, and asked the king for permission to go to Rome to consult
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ruled in favour of York. The pope based his decision on the fact that Canterbury's supporting documents had been forged.
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Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum
533:, another Augustinian house. He was a sincere reformer and opposed to the election of unfit men to the episcopacy. When
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1790:
Baker, L. G. D. (1975). "The Genesis of English Cistercian Chronicles: The Foundation-history of Fountains Abbey II".
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Baker, L. G. D. (1969). "The Genesis of English Cistercian Chronicles: The Foundation-history of Fountains Abbey I".
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A monument at the site of the Battle of the Standard, where the troops Thurstan had mustered defeated the Scots.
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Thurstan supported King Stephen after Henry I's death in 1135, and appeared at Stephen's first court at
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a papal privilege of protection as well as giving his privilege to the abbey. He also helped found the
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Duggan, Charles (1965). "From the Conquest to the Death of John". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).
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302:, where he vowed to become a Cluniac monk later in his life. Thurstan also served Henry as
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Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 1: St. Paul's, London: Prebendaries: Cantlers
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231:(1138). Shortly before his death, Thurstan resigned from his see and took the habit of a
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This page is about Thurstan of Bayeux (1070 – 1140) who became Archbishop of York.
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Spear, David S. (Spring 1982). "The Norman Empire and the Secular Clergy, 1066-1204".
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The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540
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was its lack of suffragan bishops. Thurstan managed to secure the resurrection of the
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and he died there on 6 February 1140. He was buried in the church at Pontefract.
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267:. Thurstan's mother was named Popelina. Thurstan was born sometime about 1070 in
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LoPrete, Kimberly A. (Winter 1990). "The Anglo-Norman Card of Adela of Blois".
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bishops for his province. When Henry I died, Thurstan supported Henry's nephew
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of England before his election to the see of York in 1114. Once elected, his
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Lawrence, C. H. (1965). "The Thirteenth Century". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).
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1231:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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1757:"'Unambiguous Proof': Medieval Archbishop Revealed as Lost English Saint"
1336:(1999 Reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. pp. 63–116.
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1540:(1999 reprint ed.). Stroud: Sutton Publishing. pp. 117–156.
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Rose, R. K. (1982). "Cumbrian Society and the Anglo-Norman Church".
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1399:. Vol. 1: St. Paul's, London. Institute of Historical Research
1378:. Vol. 1: St. Paul's, London. Institute of Historical Research
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of Ripon on the mast. The Scots had invaded, attempting to aid the
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The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church
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Thurstan refused to accept that the new Archbishop of Canterbury,
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1986:
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1355:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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279:. Before 1104 the father was given the prebend of Cantlers by
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Studies in Church History 18: Religion and National Identity
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Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
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British History Online Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
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and founded several religious houses. He founded the first
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Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England 1089–1135
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Anger or Auger former Norman first name, today surname
591:'s stone'; there are different spellings of it :
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1441:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1420:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
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England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225
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Early in his career, Thurstan held the prebendary of
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in London named Anger, Auger or Ansgar, who held the
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The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages
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The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages
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Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain: 1000–1300
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490:Thurstan gave land to many of the churches of his
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1645:(Second ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
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940:Duggan "From the Conquest to the Death of John"
2606:12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
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1327:. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. pp. 87–98.
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620:(without -s, Angers with -s means a native of
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1288:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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690:Spear "Norman Empire and the Secular Clergy"
607:surnames. Thurstan is its anglicised version.
537:asked Thurstan's opinion on the elevation of
1711:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
1643:From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216
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354:Over the next three years, the new popes,
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1521:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1461:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
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568:, one of Thurstan's successors at York.
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202: – 6 February 1140) was a medieval
1592:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1252:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1188:The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216
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821:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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745:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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506:between 1125 and 1133. He obtained for
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206:, the son of a priest. He served kings
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1190:(Fourth ed.). New York: Longman.
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1308:(Third ed.). New York: Longman.
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1126:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
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1709:The Governance of Mediaeval England
1457:(2001). Frost, Amanda Clark (ed.).
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1667:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1393:"Prebendaries: Consumpta-per-Mare"
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383:One of the main weaknesses of the
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1755:Tapper, James (3 February 2024).
1124:Greenway "Archdeacons: Richmond"
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445:. Thurstan negotiated a truce at
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1588:"Flambard, Ranulf (c.1060–1128)"
1146:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
521:. Thurstan helped the hermitess
310:in December 1114 and ordained a
2379:Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt
1212:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
1105:
1012:
411:as the first bishop of the new
1502:. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press.
1353:Handbook of British Chronology
808:Handbook of British Chronology
759:: Volume 1: St. Paul's, London
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1084:Monastic and Religious Orders
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942:English Church and the Papacy
403:. This provoked the wrath of
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1614:UK public library membership
1274:UK public library membership
1045:Studies in Church History 18
898:LoPrete "Anglo-Norman Card"
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7:
1594:. Oxford University Press.
1480:. London: Pearson/Longman.
1433:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1412:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1391:Greenway, Diana E. (1968).
1370:Greenway, Diana E. (1968).
1254:. Oxford University Press.
405:Wimund, Bishop of the Isles
10:
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1719:Journal of British Studies
1476:Huscroft, Richard (2005).
692:Journal of British Studies
603:, still existing today as
243:Thurstan was the son of a
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1688:10.1017/S0424208400016089
1675:Studies in Church History
1625:. York: Stonegate Press.
1142:Appleby, John T. (1995).
916:Studies in Church History
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1478:Ruling England 1042–1217
1372:"Prebendaries: Cantlers"
1248:"Thurstan (c.1070–1140)"
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332:Archbishop of Canterbury
259:. Another son of Anger,
27:became the first Norman
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1779:Analecta Cisterciensia
1306:King Stephen 1135–1154
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1246:Burton, Janet (2004).
1227:Burton, Janet (1994).
560:Thurstan's nephew was
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151:6 February 1140 (aged
64:21 January 1140 (res.)
2621:William II of England
2611:People of The Anarchy
1600:10.1093/ref:odnb/9667
1517:King, Edmund (2010).
1496:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.
1168:. New York: Longman.
523:Christina of Markyate
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2344:Sir William Dawes Bt
2067:Geoffrey Plantagenet
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708:Domesday Descendants
348:Council of Salisbury
29:Abbot of Glastonbury
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2349:Lancelot Blackburne
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2107:William de Wickwane
2057:William FitzHerbert
2047:William FitzHerbert
1876:Archbishops of York
1703:Richardson, H. G.;
1206:Bartlett, Robert C.
389:Diocese of Galloway
83:Waltheof of Melrose
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636:name, the same as
531:Bridlington Priory
515:Abbey of Fountains
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420:William de Corbeil
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292:Consumpta per mare
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2147:Alexander Neville
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2092:William Langton
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1872:
1836:
1834:William of York
1827:
1819:
1802:
1772:
1770:Further reading
1767:
1653:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1571:10.2307/4051390
1548:
1529:
1510:
1488:
1469:
1444:
1442:
1423:
1421:
1402:
1400:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1344:
1316:
1302:Davis, R. H. C.
1271:
1264:
1262:
1239:
1220:
1198:
1176:
1154:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
978:
974:
965:
961:
952:
948:
939:
935:
926:
922:
913:
906:
897:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
844:
835:
826:
818:
814:
805:
798:
789:
785:
776:
763:
754:
750:
742:
727:
718:
714:
705:
698:
689:
685:
676:
669:
661:
657:
653:
648:
615:
611:
582:
578:
574:
566:William of York
488:
475:
463:Empress Matilda
413:see of Carlisle
381:
344:Pope Paschal II
336:Ralph d'Escures
328:
316:Ranulf Flambard
241:
199:
159:
155:
143:
134:
131:
111:
110:19 October 1119
101:Ranulf Flambard
98:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2573:
2572:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Michael Ramsey
2421:
2416:
2414:William Temple
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Matthew Hutton
2356:
2354:Thomas Herring
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Richard Sterne
2321:
2316:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Tobias Matthew
2282:
2280:Matthew Hutton
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Edmund Grindal
2262:
2257:
2255:Nicholas Heath
2252:
2250:Robert Holgate
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Lawrence Booth
2204:
2202:George Neville
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Thomas Langley
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Thomas Arundel
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:William Zouche
2134:
2132:William Melton
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:John le Romeyn
2109:
2104:
2102:Walter Giffard
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Godfrey Ludham
2084:
2082:Sewal de Bovil
2079:
2077:Walter de Gray
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1787:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1752:
1732:10.1086/385787
1713:
1700:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1635:
1618:
1583:
1565:(4): 569–589.
1552:
1546:
1533:
1527:
1514:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1430:
1409:
1388:
1367:
1361:
1348:
1342:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1298:
1278:
1243:
1237:
1224:
1218:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1100:Troubled Reign
1088:
1075:
1071:English Church
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1011:
998:
994:Ruling England
985:
981:Feudal Kingdom
972:
968:House of Lords
959:
946:
933:
929:English Church
920:
904:
891:
873:
855:
851:English Church
842:
824:
812:
806:Fryde, et al.
796:
792:English Church
783:
761:
748:
725:
712:
696:
683:
667:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:
609:
575:
573:
570:
487:
484:
474:
471:
380:
377:
368:Adela of Blois
327:
324:
240:
237:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
149:
145:
144:
135:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
34:
33:
31:in circa 1077.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2638:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Anglo-Normans
2584:
2583:
2581:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2455:Paul Ferguson
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Stuart Blanch
2432:
2430:
2429:Donald Coggan
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Cyril Garbett
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2305:John Williams
2303:
2301:
2300:Richard Neile
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:Thomas Wolsey
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Thomas Savage
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:William Booth
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Philip Morgan
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Robert Hallam
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:Robert Waldby
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Simon Langton
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Ælfric Puttoc
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Sayles, G. O.
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1652:0-19-821707-2
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1547:0-7509-1947-7
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1509:0-85115-863-3
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:0-582-84882-2
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1468:0-300-08858-2
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1414:"Archbishops"
1410:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:0-521-56350-X
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1343:0-7509-1947-7
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1315:0-582-04000-0
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-521-37797-8
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1219:0-19-822741-8
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:0-582-49504-0
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Barlow, Frank
1181:
1177:
1175:0-582-50236-5
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Barlow, Frank
1159:
1155:
1153:1-56619-848-8
1149:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
982:
976:
969:
963:
956:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
917:
911:
909:
901:
895:
888:
882:
880:
878:
870:
864:
862:
860:
852:
846:
839:
833:
831:
829:
822:
816:
809:
803:
801:
793:
787:
780:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
758:
752:
746:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
722:
716:
709:
703:
701:
693:
687:
680:
674:
672:
665:
659:
655:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
613:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
580:
576:
569:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Hexham Priory
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
483:
481:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
198:
194:
190:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
163:, Yorkshire,
162:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
127:
123:
118:
115:
112:by Pope
109:
105:
102:
96:
92:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
30:
26:
21:
20:
19:
2591:1070s births
2565:
2544:
2501:Christianity
2453:
2449:John Sentamu
2439:John Habgood
2364:John Gilbert
2312:Commonwealth
2309:
2270:Edwin Sandys
2260:Thomas Young
2052:Henry Murdac
2041:
1874:Bishops and
1841:
1822:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1761:The Guardian
1760:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1642:
1622:
1603:. Retrieved
1591:
1562:
1556:
1537:
1519:King Stephen
1518:
1499:
1477:
1458:
1443:. Retrieved
1438:
1424:14 September
1422:. Retrieved
1417:
1403:14 September
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1382:14 September
1380:. Retrieved
1375:
1352:
1333:
1324:
1305:
1285:
1263:. Retrieved
1251:
1228:
1209:
1187:
1165:
1143:
1125:
1120:
1113:King Stephen
1112:
1107:
1099:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1020:The Guardian
1019:
1014:
1007:King Stephen
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
962:
954:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
899:
894:
886:
868:
850:
845:
837:
820:
815:
807:
791:
786:
778:
756:
751:
744:
720:
715:
707:
706:Keats-Rohan
691:
686:
678:
663:
658:
641:
629:
625:
617:
612:
600:
596:
592:
584:
579:
559:
547:
508:Whitby Abbey
504:St Clement's
489:
476:
457:, and Saint
436:
417:
382:
353:
329:
289:
263:, was later
242:
216:consecration
192:
188:
187:
114:Callixtus II
107:Consecration
22:
18:
2596:1140 deaths
2537:Middle Ages
2489:Catholicism
2329:John Dolben
2238:archbishops
2177:Henry Bowet
2097:Bonaventure
2007:Wulfstan II
1977:Hrotheweard
1930:archbishops
1885:Reformation
1726:(2): 1–10.
1682:: 119–135.
1265:11 November
1102:pp. 106–107
889:pp. 269–273
871:pp. 305–309
628:, all from
587:, meaning '
551:The Anarchy
480:Reformation
443:Westminster
401:Gilla Aldan
385:see of York
360:Calixtus II
356:Gelasius II
200: 1070
132: 1070
97:6 June 1115
69:Predecessor
56:August 1114
2580:Categories
2444:David Hope
2409:Cosmo Lang
2339:John Sharp
2275:John Piers
2245:Edward Lee
1982:Wulfstan I
1952:Eanbald II
1919:Wilfrid II
1828:1119–1140
1798:: 179–212.
1605:21 January
1135:References
885:Hollister
681:p. 242–244
677:Hollister
585:Thorsteinn
541:, who was
512:Cistercian
467:Pontefract
379:Archbishop
318:, who was
275:region of
239:Early life
208:William II
174:Pontefract
161:Pontefract
94:Ordination
61:Term ended
2525:Biography
2192:John Kemp
2037:Thomas II
1972:Æthelbald
1947:Eanbald I
1942:Æthelbert
1817:Thomas II
1748:153511298
1696:183905987
1616:required)
1294:186158828
1276:required)
1030:Bartlett
1009:pp. 36–37
992:Huscroft
931:pp. 40–41
853:pp. 39–44
836:Bartlett
662:Greenway
651:Citations
500:Yorkshire
409:Æthelwold
372:interdict
271:, in the
249:St Paul's
221:suffragan
156: 69
79:Successor
73:Thomas II
2616:Cluniacs
2545:Thurstan
2042:Thurstan
2017:Cynesige
2002:Ealdwulf
1967:Wulfhere
1957:Wulfsige
1894:Paulinus
1785:: 14–41.
1707:(1963).
1641:(1955).
1498:(1999).
1445:6 August
1304:(1990).
1284:(1958).
1208:(2000).
1186:(1988).
1164:(1979).
1115:, p. 126
1098:Appleby
721:Thurstan
719:Nicholl
624:), some
593:Toustain
447:Roxburgh
441:held at
399: –
277:Normandy
257:Cantlers
189:Thurstan
99:by
40:Thurstan
2513:England
2475:Portals
2022:Ealdred
1987:Oscytel
1962:Wigmund
1904:Wilfrid
1887:bishops
1579:4051390
1459:Henry I
1082:Burton
1069:Barlow
1056:Burton
979:Barlow
927:Barlow
887:Henry I
867:Cantor
849:Barlow
790:Barlow
679:Henry I
601:Toutain
597:Tostain
555:Matilda
496:nunnery
492:diocese
459:Wilfrid
304:almoner
294:in the
281:Maurice
253:prebend
233:Cluniac
212:Henry I
179:Parents
165:England
53:Elected
2032:Gerard
1997:Oswald
1992:Edwald
1937:Egbert
1746:
1740:175531
1738:
1694:
1649:
1631:871673
1629:
1577:
1558:Albion
1544:
1525:
1506:
1484:
1465:
1359:
1340:
1312:
1292:
1235:
1216:
1194:
1172:
1150:
1111:King,
1073:p. 203
1034:p. 438
1005:Davis
983:p. 211
957:p. 184
953:Poole
918:p. 124
902:p. 588
900:Albion
840:p. 394
810:p. 281
710:p. 151
642:Ōs-gār
630:Ásgeir
622:Angers
605:Norman
486:Legacy
439:Easter
312:priest
308:deacon
273:Bessin
269:Bayeux
261:Audoen
235:monk.
171:Buried
137:Bayeux
89:Orders
2567:Texts
1744:S2CID
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