Tiger - Knowledge

1139: 2614: 2406:. The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat. Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks. They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat. The mother only leaves them alone to hunt and even then she does not travel far. When she suspects an area is no longer safe, she moves her cubs to a new spot, transporting them one by one by grabbing them by the scruff of the neck with her mouth. A tigress in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve maximised the time spent with her cubs by reducing her home range, killing larger prey and returning to her den more rapidly than without cubs; when the cubs started to eat meat, she took them to kill sites, thereby optimising their protection and access to food. In the same reserve, one of 21 cubs died in over eight years of monitoring and mortality did not differ between male and female juveniles. Tiger monitoring over six years in 1313: 3285: 1257: 3161: 2940:

corridors, protecting tiger prey species, thwarting tiger killing and illegal trade of its body parts and promoting public awareness through wildlife education programmes. Bhutan's first Tiger Action Plan implemented during 2006–2015 revolved around habitat conservation, human–wildlife conflict management, education and awareness; the second Action Plan aimed at increasing the country's tiger population by 20% until 2023 compared to 2015. In 2009, the Bangladesh Tiger Action Plan was initiated to stabilise the country's tiger population, maintain habitat and a sufficient prey base, improve law enforcement and foster cooperation between governmental agencies responsible for tiger conservation. The Thailand Tiger Action Plan

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also wait at a watering hole for prey to come by, particularly during hot summer days. It is an ambush predator and when approaching potential prey, it crouches with the head lowered and hides in foliage. It switches between creeping forward and staying still. A tiger may even doze off and can stay in the same spot for as long as a day, waiting for prey and launch an attack when the prey is close enough, usually within 30 m (98 ft). If the prey spots it before then, the cat does not pursue further. A tiger can sprint 56 km/h (35 mph) and leap 10 m (33 ft); it is not a long-distance runner and gives up a chase if prey outpaces it over a certain distance.

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seizures in Thailand involved mostly captive-bred tigers. Seizures in Nepal between January 2011 and December 2015 obtained 585 pieces of tiger body parts and two whole carcasses in 19 districts. Seizure data from India during 2001–2021 indicate that tiger skins were the most often traded body parts, followed by claws, bones and teeth; trafficking routes mainly passed through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Assam. A total of 292 illegal tiger parts were confiscated at US ports of entry from personal baggage, air cargo and mail between 2003 and 2012.

2020: 1628: 17781: 2181: 3375: 2260: 1665: 1763: 3046: 2965: 1029: 205: 2033: 17757: 11800: 2144:, a characteristic curled-lip grimace, when smelling urine markings. Males also use the flehmen to detect the markings made by tigresses in oestrus. Tigers will move their ears around to display the white spots, particularly during aggressive encounters and between mothers and cubs. They also use their tails to signal their mood. To show cordiality, the tail sticks up and sways slowly, while an apprehensive tiger lowers its tail or wags it side-to-side. When calm, the tail hangs low. 3092: 2924:. In Nepal and Bangladesh, it has been protected since 1973. Since 1976, it has been totally protected under Malaysia's Protection of Wild Life Act, and the country's Wildlife Conservation Act enacted in 2010 increased punishments for wildlife-related crimes. In Indonesia, it has been protected since 1990. In China, the trade in tiger body parts was banned in 1993. The Thai Wildlife Preservation and Protection Act was enacted in 2019 to combat poaching and trading of body parts. 929: 969: 2850: 894: 2760: 131: 163: 2814: 1942: 2796: 2312: 3264:. Private collectors are thought to be ill-equipped to provide proper care for tigers, which compromises their welfare. They can also threaten public safety by allowing people to interact with them. The keeping of tigers and other big cats by private people was banned in the US in 2022. Most countries in the European Union have banned breeding and keeping tigers outside of licensed zoos and rescue centres, but some still allow private holdings. 2886: 11774: 2426:

at a kill. Around the age of six months, cubs are fully weaned and have more freedom to explore their environment. Between eight and ten months, they accompany their mother on hunts. A cub can make a kill as early as 11 months and reach independence as a juvenile of 18 to 24 months of age; males become independent earlier than females. Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan started leaving their natal areas at the age of 19 months. Young females are

1579: 402: 1173: 2832: 17769: 11788: 2778: 2112: 2742: 3209:. Tigers and other exotic animals were mainly used for the entertainment of elites but from the 19th century onward, they were exhibited more to the public. Tigers were particularly big attractions and their captive population soared. In 2020, there were over 8,000 captive tigers in Asia, over 5,000 in the US and no less than 850 in Europe. There are more tigers in captivity than in the wild. Captive tigers may display 2724: 11756: 4307: 1591:, on the front feet and four on the back, all of which have retractile claws that are compact and curved, and can reach 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The ears are rounded and the eyes have a round pupil. The snout ends in a triangular, pink tip with small black dots, the number of which increase with age. The tiger's skull is robust, with a constricted front region, proportionally small, elliptical 1619:. Male Sumatran tigers weigh 100–140 kg (220–310 lb), and females weigh 75–110 kg (165–243 lb). The tiger is popularly thought to be the largest living felid species; but since tigers of the different subspecies and populations vary greatly in size and weight, the tiger's average size may be less than the lion's, while the largest tigers are bigger than their lion counterparts. 2009:, 14 females had home ranges 248–520 km (96–201 sq mi) and five resident males of 847–1,923 km (327–742 sq mi) that overlapped with those of up to five females. When tigresses in the same reserve had cubs of up to four months of age, they reduced their home ranges to stay near their young and steadily enlarged them until their offspring were 13–18 months old. 3121:. This tigress suffered from broken teeth and was unable to kill normal prey. Modern authors speculate that sustaining on meagre human flesh forced the cat to kill more and more. Tiger attacks were particularly high in Singapore during the mid-19th century, when plantations expanded into the tiger's habitat. In the 1840s, the number of deaths in the area ranged from 200 to 300 annually. 2084:. Though tigers mostly live alone, relationships between individuals can be complex. Tigers are particularly social at kills and a male tiger will sometimes share a carcass with the females and cubs within this home range and unlike male lions, will allow them to feed on the kill before he is finished with it. However, a female is more tense when encountering another female at a kill. 1641:

stripes, which are uniquely patterned in each individual. The stripes are mostly vertical, but those on the limbs and forehead are horizontal. They are more concentrated towards the back and those on the trunk may reach under the belly. The tips of stripes are generally sharp and some may split up or split and fuse again. Tail stripes are thick bands and a black tip marks the end.

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Anti-poaching operations were also established in Nepal in 2010, with increased cooperation and intelligence sharing between agencies. These policies have led to many years of "zero poaching" and the country's tiger population has doubled in a decade. Anti-poaching patrols in the 1,200 km (460 sq mi) large core area of

2118: 542:, defending these from individuals of the same sex. The range of a male tiger overlaps with that of multiple females with whom he mates. Females give birth to usually two or three cubs that stay with their mother for about two years. When becoming independent, they leave their mother's home range and establish their own. 3129:. Victims of these attacks are local villagers who enter the tiger's domain to collect resources like wood and honey. Fishermen have been particularly common targets. Methods to counter tiger attacks have included face masks worn backwards, protective clothes, sticks and carefully stationed electric dummies. 2116: 9996:

Tandin, T.; Penjor, U.; Tempa, T.; Dhendup, P.; Dorji, S.; Wangdi, S. & Moktan, V. (2018). Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan (2018-2023): A landscape approach to tiger conservation (Report). Thimphu, Bhutan: Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture

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Luo, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.-Q.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U. K.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. &

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have progressed and tiger reintroduction is planned for 2025. Reintroduction of tigers is considered possible in eastern Cambodia, once management of protected areas is improved and forest loss stabilized. South China tigers are kept and bred in Chinese zoos, with plans to reintroduce their offspring

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along the China–Russia border. In China, tigers became the target of large-scale 'anti-pest' campaigns in the early 1950s, where suitable habitats were fragmented following deforestation and resettlement of people to rural areas, who hunted tigers and prey species. Though tiger hunting was prohibited

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The father does not play a role in raising the young, but he encounters and interacts with them. The resident male appears to visit the female–cub families within his home range. They socialise and even share kills. One male was recorded looking after cubs whose mother had died. By defending his home

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After around two months, the cubs are able to follow their mother. They still hide in vegetation when she goes hunting. Young bond through play fighting and practice stalking. A hierarchy develops in the litter, with the biggest cub, often a male, being the most dominant and the first to eat its fill

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females in Chitwan dispersed between 0 and 43.2 km (0.0 and 26.8 mi) and 10 males between 9.5 and 65.7 km (5.9 and 40.8 mi). A subadult male lives as a transient in another male's home range until he is older and strong enough to challenge the resident male. Tigers mark their home

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Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in

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Armstrong, E. E.; Khan, A.; Taylor, R. W.; Gouy, A.; Greenbaum, G.; Thiéry, A; Kang, J. T.; Redondo, S. A.; Prost, S.; Barsh, G.; Kaelin, C.; Phalke, S.; Chugani, A.; Gilbert, M.; Miquelle, D.; Zachariah, A.; Borthakur, U.; Reddy, A.; Louis, E.; Ryder, O. A.; Jhala, Y. V.; Petrov, D.; Excoffier, L.;

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has called it "a rare combination of courage, ferocity and brilliant colour", while Candy d'Sa calls it "fierce and commanding on the outside, but noble and discerning on the inside". In a 2004 online poll involving more than 50,000 people from 73 countries, the tiger was voted the world's favourite

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Tigers learn to hunt from their mothers, though the ability to hunt may be partially inborn. Depending on the size of the prey, they typically kill weekly though mothers must kill more often. Families hunt together when cubs are old enough. They search for prey using vision and hearing. A tiger will

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to signal their presence to other individuals over long distances. This vocalisation is forced through an open mouth as it closes and can be heard 3 km (1.9 mi) away. They roar multiple times in a row and others respond in kind. Tigers also roar during mating and a mother will roar to call

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The tiger's coat usually has short hairs, reaching up to 35 mm (1.4 in), though the hairs of the northern-living Siberian tiger can reach 105 mm (4.1 in). Belly hairs tend to be longer than back hairs. The density of their fur is usually thin, though the Siberian tiger develops a

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coupled with mining activities and high hunting pressure threatens the tiger population. In Thailand, nine of 15 protected areas hosting tigers are isolated and fragmented, offering a low probability for dispersal between them; four of these have not harboured tigers since about 2013. In Peninsular

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This tiger was described based on an unspecified number of skins with short and smooth hair. Tigers from Java were small compared to tigers of the Asian mainland, had relatively elongated skulls compared to the Sumatran tiger and longer, thinner and more numerous stripes. The Javan tiger is thought

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Sanderson, E. W.; Miquelle, D. G.; Fisher, K.; Harihar, A.; Clark, C.; Moy, J.; Potapov, P.; Robinson, N.; Royte, L.; Sampson, D.; Sanderlin, J.; Yackulic, C. B.; Belecky, M.; Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Chanchani, P.; Chapman, S.; Deomurari, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Facchini, E.;

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Cho, Y. S.; Hu, L.; Hou, H.; Lee, H.; Xu, J.; Kwon, S.; Oh, S.; Kim, H. M.; Jho, S.; Kim, S.; Shin, Y. A.; Kim, B. C.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. U.; Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Koepfli, K. P.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Turner, J. A.; Marker, L.; Harper, C.; Miller, S. M.; Jacobs, W.; Bertola, L. D.; Kim, T. H.;

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Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;

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in 2,205 seizures in 28 countries; seizures encompassed 665 live and 654 dead individuals, 1,313 whole tiger skins, 16,214 body parts like bones, teeth, paws, claws, whiskers and 1.1 t (1.1 long tons; 1.2 short tons) of meat; 759 seizures in India encompassed body parts of 893 tigers; and 403

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The tiger has a head-body length of 1.4–2.8 m (4 ft 7 in – 9 ft 2 in) with a 0.6–1.1 m (2 ft 0 in – 3 ft 7 in) tail and stands 0.8–1.1 m (2 ft 7 in – 3 ft 7 in) at the shoulder. The Siberian and Bengal tigers

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the offspring of a male tiger and a female lion. The lion sire passes on a growth-promoting gene, but the corresponding growth-inhibiting gene from the female tiger is absent, so that ligers grow far larger than either parent species. By contrast, the male tiger does not pass on a growth-promoting

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Sun, X.; Liu, Y.-C.; Tiunov, M. P.; Gimranov, D. O.; Zhuang, Y.; Han, Y.; Driscoll, C. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Pang, Y.; Li, C.; Pan, Y; Velasco, M. S.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Yang, R.-Z.; Li, B.-G.; Jin, K.; Xu, X.; Uphyrkina, O.; Huang, Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; O'Brien, S. J.; Yamaguchi, N.

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covering an area of 75,796 km (29,265 sq mi) have been established in the country up to 2022. Myanmar's national tiger conservation strategy developed in 2003 comprises management tasks such as restoration of degraded habitats, increasing the extent of protected areas and wildlife

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for attacks by tigers and for excitement. Tiger body parts like skins, bones, teeth and hair are consumed locally by wealthy Bangladeshis and are illegally trafficked from Bangladesh to 15 countries including India, China, Malaysia, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Japan and the United Kingdom via land

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all year round, particularly between November and April. A tigress is in oestrus for three to six days at a time, separated by three to nine week intervals. A resident male mates with all the females within his home range, who signal their receptiveness by roaring and marking. Younger, transient

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that varies from yellowish to reddish. White fur covers the underside, from head to tail, along with the inner surface of the legs and parts of the face. On the back of the ears, it has a prominent white spot, which is surrounded by black. The tiger is marked with distinctive black or dark brown

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and reestablish populations in three potential landscapes until 2022. The Indonesian National Tiger Recovery Program ratified in 2010 aimed at increasing the Sumatran tiger population by 2022. The third strategic and action plan for the conservation of the Sumatran tiger for the years 2020–2030

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Tigers typically move kills to a private, usually vegetated spot no further than 183 m (600 ft), though they have been recorded dragging them 549 m (1,801 ft). They are strong enough to drag the carcass of a fully grown buffalo for some distance. They rest for a while before

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The tiger is a powerful swimmer and easily transverses rivers as wide as 8 km (5.0 mi); it immerses in water, particularly on hot days. In general, it is less capable of climbing trees than many other cats due to its size, but cubs under 16 months old may routinely do so. An adult was

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lead to a decrease of poaching frequency from 34 detected incidents in 2015–2016 to 20 incidents during 2018–2019; the arrest of seven poaching teams and removal of snares facilitated the survival of three resident female tigers and at least 11 cubs. Army and police officers are deployed for

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The tiger is a long-ranging species and individuals disperse over distances of up to 650 km (400 mi) to reach tiger populations in other areas. Young tigresses establish their first home ranges close to their mothers' while males migrate further than their female counterparts. Four

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of 12–17 individuals per 100 km (39 sq mi) in an area of 521 km (201 sq mi). In northern Myanmar, the population density in a sampled area of roughly 3,250 km (1,250 sq mi) in a mosaic of tropical broadleaf forest and grassland was estimated to be

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indicated an average annual survival rate of around 85 percent for 74 male and female cubs; survival rate increased to 97 percent for both males and female juveniles of one to two years of age. Causes of cub mortality include predators, floods, fires, death of the mother and fatal injuries.

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Increases in anti-poaching patrol efforts in four Russian protected areas during 2011–2014 contributed to reducing poaching, stabilising the tiger population and improving protection of ungulate populations. Poaching and trafficking were declared to be moderate and serious crimes in 2019.

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study of 32 samples from the six living putative subspecies—the Bengal, Malayan, Indochinese, South China, Siberian and Sumatran tiger—found them to be distinct and separate clades. These results were corroborated in 2021 and 2023. The Cat Specialist Group states that "Given the varied

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since 1986 and the global tiger population is thought to have continuously declined from an estimated population of 5,000–8,262 tigers in the late 1990s to 3,726–5,578 individuals estimated as of 2022. During 2001–2020, landscapes where tigers live declined from 1,025,488 km

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during the 2000s led to a reduction in leopard population densities. Similarly, at two sites in central India the size of dhole packs was negatively correlated with tiger densities. Leopard and dhole distribution in Kui Buri correlated with both prey access and tiger scarcity. In

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Hötte, M. H.; Kolodin, I. A.; Bereznuk, S. L.; Slaght, J. C.; Kerley, L. L.; Soutyrina, S. V.; Salkina, G. P.; Zaumyslova, O. Y.; Stokes, E. J. & Miquelle, D. G. (2016). "Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger

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sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)".

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in India that is dated to 5,000–6,000 years ago. They were hunted throughout their range in Asia, chased on horseback, elephant-back or even with sled dogs and killed with spears and later firearms. Such hunts were conducted both by native governments and empires like the

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such as pacing or inactivity. Modern zoos are able to reduce such behaviours with exhibits designed so the animals can move between separate but connected enclosures. Enrichment items are also important for the cat's welfare and the stimulation of its natural behaviours.

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males are also attracted, leading to a fight in which the more dominant, resident male drives the usurper off. During courtship, the male is cautious with the female as he waits for her to show signs she is ready to mate. She signals to him by positioning herself in

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Wang, C.; Wu, D. D.; Yuan, Y. H.; Yao, M. C.; Han, J. L.; Wu, Y. J.; Shan, F.; Li, W. P.; Zhai, J. Q.; Huang, M; Peng, S. H.; Cai, Q .H.; Yu, J. Y.; Liu, Q. X.; Lui, Z. Y.; Li, L. X.; Teng, M. S.; Huang, W.; Zhou, J. Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W. & Tu, X. L. (2023).

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Luo, S.-J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J. (2008). "Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations".

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typically lasts no more than 20 seconds, with the male biting the female by the scruff of her neck. After it is finished, the male quickly pulls away as the female may turn and slap him. Tiger pairs may stay together for up to four days and mate multiple times.

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study indicate that all living tigers have a common ancestor that lived between 108,000 and 72,000 years ago. Genetic studies suggest that the tiger population contracted around 115,000 years ago due to glaciation. Modern tiger populations originated from a

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with both white and wideband loci. The breeding of white tigers is controversial, as they have no use for conservation. Only 0.001% of wild tigers have the genes for this colour morph and the overrepresentation of white tigers in captivity is the result of

1993:, the size of which mainly depends on prey abundance, geographic area and sex of the individual. Males and females defend their home ranges from those of the same sex and the home range of a male encompasses that of multiple females. Two females in the 2287:. Holding onto the throat puts the cat out of reach of horns, antlers, tusks and hooves. Tigers are adaptable killers and may use other methods, including ripping the throat or breaking the neck. Large prey may be disabled by a bite to the back of the 2992:

in both Nepal and India. Corridors in forested areas with low human encroachment are highly suitable. In West Sumatra, 12 wildlife corridors were identified as high priority for mitigating human–wildlife conflicts. In 2019, China and Russia signed a

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gene while the lioness passes on a growth inhibiting gene; hence, tigons are around the same size as their parents. Since they often develop life threatening birth defects and can easily become obese, breeding these hybrids is regarded as unethical.

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Lam, W. Y.; Phung, C. C.; Mat, Z. A.; Jamaluddin, H.; Sivayogam, C. P.; Zainal Abidin, F. A.; Sulaiman, A.; Cheok, M. K. Y.; Osama, N. A. W.; Sabaan, S.; Abu Hashim, A. K.; Booton, M. D.; Harihar, A.; Clements, G. R. & Pickles, R. S. A. (2023).

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Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825–1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de

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Gray, T. N.; Rosenbaum, R.; Jiang, G.; Izquierdo, P.; Yongchao, J .I. N.; Kesaro, L.; Lyet, A.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Patterson, D. J.; Channa, P.; Jinzhe, Q. I.; Ripple, W. J.; Roberts, J. L.; Roy, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Wolf, C. & Chapman, S. (2023).

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The tiger attacks from behind or at the sides and tries to knock the target off balance. It latches onto prey with its forelimbs, twisting and turning during the struggle and tries to pull it to the ground. The tiger generally applies a

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secretions and ground scrapings. Scent markings also allow an individual to pick up information on another's identity. Unclaimed home ranges, particularly those that belonged to a deceased individual, can be taken over in days or weeks.

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that differ from the Indochinese tiger. It does not differ significantly in fur colour or skull size from Indochinese tigers. There is no clear geographical barrier between tiger populations in northern Malaysia and southern Thailand.

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animal with 21% of the vote, narrowly beating the dog. Similarly, a 2018 study found the tiger to be the most popular wild animal based on surveys, as well as appearances on websites of major zoos and posters of some animated movies.

3249:. The act ended in 2003 when a tiger attacked Roy during a performance. In 2009, tigers were the most traded circus animals. The use of tigers and other animals in shows would eventually decline in many countries due to pressure from 10260:

Pisdamkham, C.; Prayurasiddhi, T.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Maneesai, R.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Pattanavibool, R.; Maneerat, S.; Prayoon, U.; Cutter, P. G. & Smith, J. L. D. (2010).

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The tiger has a typical felid morphology, with a muscular body, shortened legs, strong forelimbs with wide front paws, a large head and a tail that is about half the length of the rest of its body. It has five digits, including a

11285: 3233:, who used chairs, whips and guns to provoke tigers and other beasts into acting fierce and allowed him to appear courageous. He would perform with as many as 40 tigers and lions in one act. From the 1960s onward, trainers like 2642:

landscape removed 362 tiger snare traps and seized 91 tiger skins during 2005–2016; annual poaching rates increased with rising skin prices. Poaching is also the main threat to the tiger population in far eastern Russia, where

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Rahman, H.; Hidayat, R. H.; Nofrizal, A. Y.; Wilastra, I. & Nasution, A. F. R. (2023). "Priority corridor zone for human-tiger conflict mitigation: A landscape connectivity approach in West Sumatra region, Indonesia".

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Both leopards and dholes can live successfully in tiger habitat when there is abundant food and vegetation cover. Otherwise, they appear to be less common where tigers are numerous. The recovery of the tiger population in

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Klevtcova, A. V.; Miquelle, D. G.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. V. & Goodrich, J. M. (2021). "The influence of reproductive status on home range size and spatial dynamics of female Amur tigers".

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have also been reported. More often, tigers take the more vulnerable calves. They sometimes prey on livestock and dogs in close proximity to settlements. Tigers occasionally consume vegetation, fruit and minerals for

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her cubs to her. When tense, tigers moan, a sound similar to a roar but softer and made when the mouth is at least partially closed. Moaning can be heard 400 m (1,300 ft) away. Aggressive encounters involve

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Godfrey, D.; Lythgoe, J. N. & Rumball, D. A. (1987). "Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis".

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Rozhnov, V. V.; Naidenko, S. V.; Hernandez–Blanco, J. A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Sorokin, P. A.; Yachmennikova, A. A.; Blidchenko, E. Yu.; Kalinin, A. Yu. & Kastrikin, V. A. (2021). "Restoration of the Amur Tiger

2001:, the home ranges of five reintroduced females varied from 53–67 km (20–26 sq mi) in winter to 55–60 km (21–23 sq mi) in summer and to 46–94 km (18–36 sq mi) during the 1167:

and had brighter fur and a smaller skull than the Javan tiger. A typical feature of Bali tiger skulls is the narrow occipital bone, which is similar to the Javan tiger's skull. The tiger went extinct in the 1940s.

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Srivathsa, A.; Ramachandran, V.; Saravanan, P.; Sureshbabu, A.; Ganguly, D. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2023). "Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes".

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has also been cited as a major threat to tiger populations. Interviews with local people in the Bangladeshi Sundarbans revealed that they kill tigers for local consumption and trade of skins, bones and meat, in

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as the male attempts to sire his own young with the females. A seven-year long study in Chitwan National Park revealed that 12 of 56 detected cubs and juveniles were killed by new males taking over home ranges.

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Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in

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Petrunenko, Y. K.; Seryodkin, I. V.; Bragina, E. V.; Soutyrina, S. S.; Mukhacheva, A. S.; Rybin, N. N. & Miquelle, D. G. (2019). "How does a tigress balance the opposing constraints of raising cubs?".

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Zhao, C.; Dai, W.; Liu, Q.; Liu, D.; Roberts, N. J.; Liu, Z.; Gong, M.; Qiu, H.; Liu, C.; Liu, D.; Ma, G. & Jiang, G. (2024). "Combination of facial and nose features of Amur tigers to determine age".

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Body parts of 207 tigers were detected during 21 surveys in 1991–2014 in two wildlife markets in Myanmar catering to customers in Thailand and China. During the years 2000–2022, at least 3,377 tigers were

9654:

Singh, R.; Nigam, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Sankar, K.; Krausman, P. R.; Goyal, S. P. & Nicholoson, K. L. (2015). "Characterizing human–tiger conflict in and around Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India".

2005:; three males had 84–147 km (32–57 sq mi) large home ranges in winter, 82–98 km (32–38 sq mi) in summer and 81–118 km (31–46 sq mi) during monsoon seasons. In 2625:

Tiger populations in India have been targeted by poachers since the 1990s and were extirpated in two tiger reserves in 2005 and 2009. Between March 2017 and January 2020, 630 activities of hunters using

10582: 8633:

Quigley, K. S.; Evermann, J. F.; Leathers, C. W.; Armstrong, D. L.; Goodrich, J.; Duncan, N. M. & Miquelle, D. G. (2010). "Morbillivirus infection in a wild Siberian tiger in the Russian Far East".

5180:

Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ge, J.; Liu, S.; Song, Y.; Jin, C.; Jiang, H. & Liu, J. (2023). "Discovery of jaguar from northeastern China middle Pleistocene reveals an intercontinental dispersal event".

6150:

Wibisono, H. T.; Linkie, M.; Guillera-Arroita, G.; Smith, J. A.; Sunarto; Pusarini, W.; Asriadi; Baroto, P.; Brickle, N.; Dinata, Y.; Gemita, E.; Gunaryadi, D.; Haidir, I. A. & Herwansyah (2011).

1489:, noting that its proposed differences from that species fell within the range of individual variation. The earliest appearance of the modern tiger species in the fossil record are jaw fragments from 10714:

Gray, T. N. E.; Crouthers, R.; Ramesh, K.; Vattakaven, J.; Borah, J.; Pasha, M. K. S.; Lim, T.; Phan, C.; Singh, R.; Long, B. & Chapman, S. (2017). "A framework for assessing readiness for Tiger

6522:

Yang, H.; Han, S.; Xie, B.; Mou, P.; Kou, X.; Wang, T.; Ge, J. & Feng, L. (2019). "Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (

1679:

of Bengal tigers – nearly stripeless snow-white, white and golden – are now virtually non-existent in the wild due to the reduction of wild tiger populations but continue in captive populations. The

5785:

Xu, X.; Dong, G. X.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Zhang, X. L.; Zhuang, Y.; Fang, R.; Sun, X.; Hu, X. S.; Zhang, T. Y.; Yang, H. D.; Zhang, D. L.; Marker, L.; Jiang, Z.-F.; Li, R. & Luo, S.-J. (2017).

2227:

and body weight of prey species are assumed to be the main criteria for the tiger's prey selection, both inside and outside protected areas. It also preys opportunistically on smaller species like

2080:

has been established, a male may tolerate a subordinate within his range, as long as they do not come near him. The most serious disputes tend to occur between two males competing for a female in

10054: 11315: 5495: 3229:, who became a big draw and had a long career. She was well known for being able to control the tigers despite being a small woman; using "manly" tools like whips and guns. Another trainer was 1607:. It resembles a lion's skull, but differs from it in the concave or flattened underside of the lower jaw and in its longer nasals. The tiger has 30 fairly robust teeth and its somewhat curved 1477:

lived around the same time and place, and was suggested to be a sister species of the modern tiger when it was examined in 2014. However, as of 2023, at least two subsequent studies considered

9772:

Lubis, M. I.; Pusparini, W.; Prabowo, S. A.; Marthy, W.; Tarmizi; Andayani, N. & Linkie, M. (2020). "Unraveling the complexity of human–tiger conflicts in the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra".

2677:. "Tiger farm" facilities in China and Southeast Asia breed tigers for their parts, but these appear to make the threat to wild populations worse by increasing the demand for tiger products. 797:

of several tiger subspecies was questioned in 1999 as most putative subspecies were distinguished on the basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size of specimens in

1778:

and Indochina to southeastern Siberia, Sumatra, Java and Bali. As of 2022, it inhabits less than 7% of its historical distribution and has a scattered range in the Indian subcontinent, the

1138: 597:

as they attack and prey on livestock in areas where natural prey is scarce. The tiger is legally protected in all range countries. National conservation measures consist of action plans,

9682:

Chowdhurym, A. N.; Mondal, R.; Brahma, A. & Biswas, M. K. (2016). "Ecopsychosocial aspects of human–tiger conflict: An ethnographic study of tiger widows of Sundarban Delta, India".

7228:

Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N.; Intanajitjuy, P.; Inrueang, P. & Prempree, K. (2021). "The effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in Southeast Asia".

2076:

Male tigers are generally less tolerant of other males within their home ranges than females are of other females. Disputes are usually solved by intimidation rather than fighting. Once

1691:

is pale golden with reddish-brown stripes. The snow-white tiger is a morph with extremely faint stripes and a pale sepia-brown ringed tail. White and golden morphs are the result of an

3025: 9192:

Linkie, M.; Martyr, D.; Harihar, A.; Mardiah, S.; Hodgetts, T.; Risdianto, D.; Subchaan, M. & Macdonald, D. (2018). "Asia's economic growth and its impact on Indonesia's tigers".

8806:

Suttidate, N.; Steinmetz, R.; Lynam, A. J.; Sukmasuang, R.; Ngoprasert, D.; Chutipong, W.; Bateman, B. L.; Jenks, K. E.; Baker-Whatton, M.; Kitamura, S. & Ziółkowska, E. (2021).

2140:

each other's bodies. Facial expressions include the "defence threat", which involves a wrinkled face, bared teeth, pulled-back ears and widened pupils. Both males and females show a

7985:

Steinmetz, R.; Seuaturien, N. & Chutipong, W. (2013). "Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: Assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carnivores".

6613:

Sarkar, M. S.; Ramesh, K.; Johnson, J. A.; Sen, S.; Nigam, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Murthy, R. S. & Saha, G. K. (2016). "Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (

1786:. As of 2020, India had the largest extent of global tiger habitat with 300,508 km (116,027 sq mi), followed by Russia with 195,819 km (75,606 sq mi). 2634:

was considered the last important site for the tiger in Laos, but it has not been recorded there at least since 2013; this population likely fell victim to indiscriminate snaring.

3430:, tigers are seen as protectors against evil spirits and their image was used to decorate homes, tombs and articles of clothing. In the folklore of Malaysia and Indonesia, "tiger 8232:

Robinson, H. S.; Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Miller, C. S. & Seryodkin, I. V. (2015). "Mortality of Amur tigers: The more things change, the more they stay the same".

2335:, the average weight for tiger kills was found to be 91.5 kg (202 lb), compared to 37.6 kg (83 lb) for leopards and 43.4 kg (96 lb) for dholes. In 4662: 1615:

are the largest. Male Bengal tigers weigh 200–260 kg (440–570 lb), and females weigh 100–160 kg (220–350 lb); island tigers are the smallest, likely due to

3874:

Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J. & Kitchener, A. C. (2015).

17881: 8949:

Wang, D.; Smith, J. L.; Accatino, F.; Ge, J. & Wang, T. (2023). "Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia".

2984:

are important conservation measures as they facilitate tiger populations to connect between protected areas; tigers use at least nine corridors that were established in the

9632: 11733:]. Vol. II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) (Second ed.). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 95–202. 6479:

Pokheral, C. P. & Wegge, P. (2019). "Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal".

488:. It has a powerful, muscular body with a large head and paws, a long tail and orange fur with black, mostly vertical stripes. It is traditionally classified into nine 9863: 7123:

Peters, G. & Tonkin-Leyhausen, B. A. (1999). "Evolution of acoustic communication signals of mammals: Friendly close-range vocalizations in Felidae (Carnivora)".

10268: 3106:

habitats between wild and agricultural areas. Most attacks on humans are defensive, including protection of young; however, tigers do sometimes see people as prey.

8714:

Schoen, J. M.; Neelakantan, A.; Cushman, S. A.; Dutta, T.; Habib, B.; Jhala, Y. V.; Mondal, I.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reddy, P. A.; Saini, S. & Sharma, S. (2022).

3958: 2613: 9306: 3676: 17876: 9944:. Kathmandu, Nepal: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment. 4209: 6250:

Lynam, A. J.; Rabinowitz, A.; Myint, T.; Maung, M.; Latt, K. T. & Po, S. H. T. (2009). "Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar".

5878:

Sagar, V.; Kaelin, C. B.; Natesh, M.; Reddy, P. A.; Mohapatra, R. K.; Chhattani, H.; Thatte, P.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Biswas, S.; Bhatt, S. & Paul, S. (2021).

6031:"First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India" 3260:

trade, particularly in the United States where only 6% of the captive tiger population in 2020 were being housed in zoos and other facilities approved by the

10146: 8580:

Seimon, T. A.; Miquelle, D. G.; Chang, T. Y.; Newton, A. L.; Korotkova, I.; Ivanchuk, G.; Lyubchenko, E.; Tupikov, A.; Slabe, E. & McAloose, D. (2013).

10290:

Chandradewi, D. S.; Semiadi, G.; Pinondang, I.; Kheng, V. & Bahaduri, L. D. (2019). "A decade on: The second collaborative Sumatra-wide Tiger survey".

7302:

Biswas, S.; Kumar, S.; Bandhopadhyay, M.; Patel, S. K.; Lyngdoh, S.; Pandav, B. & Mondol, S. (2023). "What drives prey selection? Assessment of Tiger (

5535: 2953:

revolves around strengthening management of small tiger population units of less than 20 mature individuals and connectivity between 13 forest patches in

2303:

eating and can consume as much as 50 kg (110 lb) of meat in one session, but feed on a carcass for several days, leaving little for scavengers.

2299:

for hunting tigers range from a low of 5% to a high of 50%. They are sometimes killed or injured by large or dangerous prey like gaur, buffalo and boar.

1961:

tigers were most active from dawn to early morning and reached their zenith around 7:00 o'clock in the morning. A three-year-long camera trap survey in

10047: 2680:

Local people killing tigers in retaliation for attacking and preying on livestock is a threat in several tiger range countries, as this consequence of

2630:, drift nets, hunting platforms and hunting dogs were discovered in a reserve forest of about 1,000 km (390 sq mi) in southern Myanmar. 920:

This population occurred from Turkey to around the Caspian Sea. It had bright rusty-red fur with thin and closely spaced brownish stripes, and a broad

801:

collections that are not necessarily representative for the entire population. It was proposed to recognise only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely

11167:

Damasceno, J.; Genaro, G.; Quirke, T.; McCarthy, S.; McKeown, S. & O'Riordan, R. (2017). "The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive felids".

9153:"Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et-Phou Louey" 5941:

Gray, T. N. E.; Goodrich, J.; Hunter, L.; Linkie, M.; Marthy, W.; Rasphone, A.; Roy, S.; Sittibal, D.; Tempa, T.; Umponjan, M. & Wood, K. (2023).

11041: 9913: 9711: 2339:, following a reduction in prey numbers, tigers continued to kill favoured prey while leopards and dholes increased their consumption of small prey. 8020:

Thinley, P.; Rajaratnam, R.; Lassoie, J. P.; Morreale, S. J.; Curtis, P. D.; Vernes, K.; Leki Leki; Phuntsho, S.; Dorji, T. & Dorji, P. (2018).

2327:. They typically dominate both of them, though with dholes it depends on their pack size. Interactions between the three predators involve chasing, 10093: 2160:

and hissing. An explosive "coughing roar" or "coughing snarl" is emitted through an open mouth and exposed teeth. In friendlier situations, tigers

1826: 519: 7263:

Variar, A. S.; Anoop, N. R.; Komire, S.; Vinayan, P. A.; Sujin, N. S.; Raj, A. & Prasadan, P. K. (2023). "Prey selection by the Indian tiger (

6838: 3994:

Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O'Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J. (2018).

17493: 3631:

Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

2998: 1921:, where population density was much lower, estimated at only 0.359 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) as of 2016. Population density in 1905:

0.21–0.44 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) as of 2009. Population density in mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of Thailand's

16677: 10506:

Rahaman, M. H.; Masroor, M.; Sajjad, H. & Saha, T. K. (2024). "Assessment of habitat suitability and potential corridors for Bengal Tiger (

4914:

Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats,

3102:

In most areas, tigers avoid humans, but attacks are a risk wherever people coexist with them. Dangerous encounters are more likely to occur in

2402:

consist of as many as seven cubs, but two or three are more typical. Newborn cubs weigh 785–1,610 g (27.7–56.8 oz) and are blind and

1652:

study showing that the striping patterns line up with their environment. The orange colour may also aid in concealment, as the tiger's prey is

17826: 17571: 17532: 16748: 11337: 10583:

Evaluation of the project on transboundary cooperation on the conservation of Amur tigers, Amur leopards and Snow leopards in North-East Asia

5301: 4846: 9945: 6326:

Rayan, D. M. & Linkie, M. (2015). "Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change".

3222: 2494: 3568:

Goodrich, J.; Wibisono, H.; Miquelle, D.; Lynam, A.J; Sanderson, E.; Chapman, S.; Gray, T. N. E.; Chanchani, P. & Harihar, A. (2022).

17896: 2601:

coupled with habitat destruction, insufficient prey resources and poaching is a threat to the small and isolated tiger population in the

9229:"Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deer 1774:

The tiger historically ranged from eastern Turkey, northern Iran and Afghanistan to Central Asia and from northern Pakistan through the

964:-yellow in winter to more reddish and vibrant after moulting. The skull is shorter and broader than the skulls of tigers further south. 5736:"Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system" 17801: 9067:

Jhala, Y.; Gopal, R.; Mathur, V.; Ghosh, P.; Negi, H. S.; Narain, S.; Yadav, S. P.; Malik, A.; Garawad, R. & Qureshi, Q. (2021).

8385:

Pacifici, M.; Santini, L.; Di Marco, M.; Baisero, D.; Francucci, L.; Grottolo Marasini, G.; Visconti, P. & Rondinini, C. (2013).

5707: 4627: 2949: 2647:

roads facilitate access for poachers and people harvesting forest products that are important for prey species to survive in winter.

1522:

and Palawan, Philippines. Fossil specimens of tigers have also been reported from the Middle-Late Pleistocene of Japan. Results of a

820:(mtDNA) traits of all putative tiger subspecies. In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised 10467:

Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Ghosh-Harihar, M. & Goodrich, J. (2020). "Demographic and ecological correlates of a recovering tiger (

1636:

particularly thick winter coat. The tiger has lines of fur around the face and long whiskers, especially in males. It has an orange

17690: 17467: 10310: 8026:) to farmers in reducing crop and livestock losses in the eastern Himalayas: Implications for conservation of large apex predators" 11316:

Guidance Document on the export, re-export and intra-EU trade of captive-born and bred live tigers and their parts and derivatives

4101:"Population genomic analysis provides evidence of the past success and future potential of South China tiger captive conservation" 3668: 17506: 9624: 2597:

and timber extraction in Cambodia contributed to the fragmentation of potential tiger habitat, especially in the Eastern Plains.

1056:. Indochinese tiger specimens have smaller craniums than Bengal tigers and appear to have darker fur with somewhat thin stripes. 8534: 1789:

The tiger mainly lives in forest habitats and is highly adaptable. Records in Central Asia indicate that it primarily inhabited

17891: 17866: 10118:

Yeh, E. T. (2012). "Transnational environmentalism and entanglements of sovereignty: The Tiger Campaign across the Himalayas".

2331:

and direct killing. Large dhole packs may kill tigers. Tigers, leopards and dholes coexist by hunting different sized prey. In

4529:

Hu, J.; Westbury, M. V.; Yuan, J.; Wang, C.; Xiao, B.; Chen, S.; Song, S.; Wang, L.; Lin, H.; Lai, X. & Sheng, G. (2022).

4235: 3253:

groups and greater desires from the public to see them in more natural settings. Several countries restrict or ban such acts.

1312: 17861: 17816: 17550: 11738: 11637: 11615: 11596: 11492: 10953:

Powell, M. A. (2016). "People in peril, environments at risk: coolies, tigers, and colonial Singapore's ecology of poverty".

9110:"Anthropogenic pressure on large carnivores and their prey in the highly threatened forests of Tanintharyi, southern Myanmar" 8324:

Barlow, A. C. D.; McDougal, C.; Smith, J. L. D.; Gurung, B.; Bhatta, S. R.; Kumal, S.; Mahato, B. & Taman, D. B. (2009).

7044: 5511: 4793: 3847: 2928: 2589:

Malaysia, 8,315.7 km (3,210.7 sq mi) of tiger habitat was cleared during 1988–2012, most of it for industrial

1830: 1496:

Middle- to late-Pleistocene tiger fossils have been found throughout China, Sumatra and Java. Prehistoric subspecies include

1463:

northern China was described as a possible tiger ancestor when it was discovered in 1924, but modern cladistics places it as

1009: 17511: 9854: 3434:" heal the sick by invoking the big cat. People turning into tigers and the inverse has also been widespread; in particular 17901: 3959:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" 3466: 2565:

for fur and body parts are the major threats that contributed to the decrease of tiger populations in all range countries.

1810: 507: 3005:, that includes the creation of wildlife corridors and bilateral monitoring and patrolling along the Sino-Russian border. 2442:

range, the male protects the females and cubs from other males. When a new male takes over, dependent cubs are at risk of

2352:, tigers were found to inhabit the deeper parts of forests while the smaller predators were pushed closer to the fringes. 1535:. As they colonised northeastern China, the ancestors of the South China tiger intermixed with a relict tiger population. 1200:

had dark fur. The Sumatran tiger has particularly long hair around the face, thick body stripes and a broader and smaller

11847: 10812:

Kothari, A. S.; Chhapgar, B. S.; Chhapgar, B. F., eds. (2005). "The Manpoora Tiger (about a Tiger Hunt in Rajpootanah)".

10267:. Bangkok: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 10176:

Lynam, A. J.; Khaing, S. T. & Zaw, K. M. (2006). "Developing a national tiger action plan for the Union of Myanmar".

4818: 4339:"Mitochondrial phylogeography illuminates the origin of the extinct Caspian Tiger and its relationship to the Amur Tiger" 3160: 1925:

and montane forests in northern Malaysia was estimated at 1.47–2.43 adult tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) in

1834: 574: 9227:

Slaght, J. C.; Milakovsky, B.; Maksimova, D. A.; Zaitsev, V. A.; Seryodkin, I.; Panichev, A. & Miquelle, D. (2017).

1256: 837:

interpretations of data, the taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group."

17856: 17846: 11707: 11442: 9383:"The tide of tiger poaching in India is rising! An investigation of the intertwined facts with a focus on conservation" 1906: 17641: 7442:

Fàbregas, M. C.; Fosgate, G. T. & Koehler, G. M. (2015). "Hunting performance of captive-born South China tigers (

4184: 844:

of the tiger as of 2005, and also reflect the classification recognised by the Cat Classification Task Force in 2017.

816:

This two-subspecies proposal was reaffirmed in 2015 through a comprehensive analysis of morphological, ecological and

13217: 11682: 11658: 11577: 10030: 6119:

are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling"

4203: 3261: 3002: 1969:

and active at night with activity peaking at dawn and dusk; they were largely active at the same time as their prey.

1648:

in vegetation with vertical patterns of light and shade, such as trees, reeds and tall grass. This is supported by a

8900:"Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes" 6285:

Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T. (2021).

4337:

Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W. & O'Brien, S. J. (2009).

3825: 3284: 3110:

tigers tend to be old and disabled. Tigers driven from their home ranges are also at risk of turning to man-eating.

2669:

borders, airports and seaports. Tiger bone glue is the prevailing tiger product purchased for medicinal purposes in

924:. Genetic analysis revealed that it was closely related to the Siberian tiger. It has been extinct since the 1970s. 17836: 11766: 4812:; Groves, C. P. & Van Bree, P. (1978). "Skin and Skull of the Bali Tiger, and a list of preserved specimens of 3470:

and he ponders why God would create such different creatures. The tiger is featured in the mediaeval Chinese novel

2921: 570: 167: 17576: 13561: 11693: 10154: 8716:"Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human-dominated tiger-conservation landscape" 6579:

home range size in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove ecosystem for the species' conservation"

3122: 2631: 2172:. When startled, they "woof". They produce a deer-like "pok" sound for unknown reasons, but most often at kills. 7379: 5690: 10821: 10615: 9970:

Department of Forests and Park Services (2023). "National Tiger Survey 2021–22". Thimphu: Government of Bhutan.

7801:

Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E. (1995). "Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests".

6652:

Goodrich, J. M.; Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. M.; Kerley, L. L.; Quigley, H. B. & Hornocker, M. G. (2010).

3126: 2568:

Protected areas in central India are highly fragmented due to linear infrastructure like roads, railway lines,

2506:

infection was the likely cause of death of a tigress in the Russian Far East that was also tested positive for

2006: 960:

and possibly North Korea. The Siberian tiger has long hair and dense fur. Its ground colour varies widely from

9538:"Tigers at a crossroads: Shedding light on the role of Bangladesh in the illegal trade of this iconic big cat" 6837:

Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B. & Weibchen, G. (2008).

3359:, which conversely symbolises the east, yang and springtime. The tiger is one of the animals displayed on the 17851: 17708: 17558: 15779: 11226:

Iossa, G.; Soulsbury, C. D. & Harris, S. (2009). "Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?".

3447: 3273: 2403: 2398:

A tigress gives birth in a secluded location, be it in dense vegetation, in a cave or under a rocky shelter.

1528: 625: 9483:

The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)

17831: 4754: 2660: 2639: 1060: 577:, as its range is thought to have declined by 53% to 68% since the late 1990s. Major threats to tigers are 11672: 9909: 6573:

Barlow, A. C. D.; Smith, J. L. D.; Ahmad, I. U.; Hossain, A. N. M.; Rahman, M. & Howlader, A. (2011).

6152:"Population status of a cryptic top predator: An island-wide assessment of Tigers in Sumatran rainforests" 17545: 17405: 15770: 12973: 11818: 8669:

McCauley, D.; Stout, V.; Gairhe, K. P.; Sadaula, A.; Dubovi, E.; Subedi, S. & Kaufman, G. E. (2021).

4531:"An extinct and deeply divergent tiger lineage from northeastern China recognized through palaeogenomics" 3699: 2994: 2681: 2434:

of the tiger is about 7–10 years. Wild Bengal tigers live 12–15 years. Data from the International Tiger

1498: 1446:

split from each other between 2.70 and 3.70 million years ago. The tiger's whole genome sequencing shows

1359: 913: 594: 390: 17410: 11347: 10080: 3796: 17723: 17235: 16891: 10639: 10373:"Using a crime prevention framework to evaluate tiger counter-poaching in a Southeast Asian rainforest" 8934: 5228:

Kitchener, A. & Yamaguchi, N. (2009). "What is a Tiger? Biogeography, Morphology, and Taxonomy" in

3645: 3016:

tiger cubs have been released into the wild and monitored in India, Sumatra and Russia. In Kazakhstan,

2361: 1962: 1861:

up to an elevation of 4,200 m (13,800 ft) in Bhutan, of 3,630 m (11,910 ft) in the

1700: 545:

Since the early 20th century, tiger populations have lost at least 93% of their historic range and are

15257: 17373: 14096: 11778: 11718: 10588:(Report). Bangkok, Thailand: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 6064:"Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator" 5242: 3394:, the tiger, monkey and deer are the Three Senseless Creatures, with the tiger symbolising anger. In 3364: 3077:

and because of their perceived danger. An estimated 80,000 tigers were killed between 1875 and 1925.

3037:

have led to enough genetic diversity in tigers to act as "insurance against extinction in the wild".

2407: 2349: 2291:, severing the tendon. Swipes from the large paws are capable of stunning or breaking the skull of a 2189: 2137: 1897: 1692: 1510: 1504: 1339: 1208: 1156: 380: 370: 204: 10219:

Hossain, A. N. M.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Barlow, A.; Barlow, C. G. & Savini, T. (2018).

5786: 4423:"Aperçu général et spécifique sur les Mammifères qui habitent le Japon et les Iles qui en dépendent" 3633:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 41. 3592: 3406:, the goddess of feminine power and peace, whom the gods created to fight demons. Similarly, in the 17154: 17049: 15788: 14078: 13806: 13773: 13749: 13570: 12822: 9725:

Dhungana, R.; Savini, T.; Karki, J. B.; Dhakal, M.; Lamichhane, B. R. & Bumrungsri, S. (2018).

9266:"Trade in tigers and other wild cats in Mong La and Tachilek, Myanmar – A tale of two border towns" 4046:"Recent evolutionary history of tigers highlights contrasting roles of genetic drift and selection" 1965:

revealed that tigers were most active from dusk until midnight. In northeastern China, tigers were

1954: 1918: 35: 6014:

Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan".

5297: 4841: 4483:& Luo, S.-J. (2023). "Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution". 3768: 3622: 3142: 2168:

in smaller cats. Tiger mothers communicate with their cubs by grunting, while cubs call back with

17841: 17806: 16816: 15797: 15528: 15221: 15156: 14538: 14114: 13587: 13109: 11840: 11760: 8456: 8272:

Sadhu, A.; Jayam, P. P. C.; Qureshi, Q.; Shekhawat, R. S.; Sharma, S. & Jhala, Y. V. (2017).

3528: 3340: 3065: 3009: 2936: 2332: 1455: 1447: 945: 833: 17: 11567: 9936: 9862:. New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India. 9442:"Patterns of illegal and legal tiger parts entering the United States over a decade (2003–2012)" 9049: 6913:

Smith, J. L. D.; McDougal, C. & Miquelle, D. (1989). "Scent marking in free-ranging tigers,

495:, though some recognise only two subspecies, mainland Asian tigers and the island tigers of the 17615: 17498: 17335: 17040: 16792: 16605: 16481: 16093: 16075: 15903: 15597: 15588: 15230: 13968: 12760: 8203: 7194:

Hayward, M. W.; Jędrzejewski, W. & Jędrzejewska, B. (2012). "Prey preferences of the tiger

3348: 3234: 3210: 3167: 3021: 3017: 2945: 2593:. Large-scale land acquisitions of about 23,000 km (8,900 sq mi) for commercial 2336: 2097: 1926: 1914: 1909:

was estimated at 2.01 tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi); during the 1970s and 1980s,

1728: 1676: 798: 716: 593:

for fur and the illegal trade of body parts for medicinal purposes. Tigers are also victims of

353: 31: 11104: 10404:

Bhatt, T. R.; Castley, J. G.; Sims-Castley, R.; Bara, H. S. & Chauvenet, A. L. M. (2023).

9108:

Shwe, N. M.; Grainger, M.; Ngoprasert, D.; Aung, S. S.; Grindley, M. & Savini, T. (2023).

8420:"Survival strategy – Temporal segregation of different age and sex classes of a Bengal tiger ( 7844:

Odden, M.; Wegge, P. & Fredriksen, T. (2010). "Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?".

7028: 5091:

Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G. (2014).

4457: 17821: 17610: 17217: 16472: 16454: 16445: 16436: 15921: 15912: 15284: 14054: 14045: 14036: 13985: 13923: 13905: 13896: 13833: 13782: 13620: 13611: 12048: 11035: 9731:: Patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal" 9705: 6798:

Smith, J. L. D. (1993). "The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population".

6688: 6113:

Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S. (2007).

5734:

Fennell, J. G.; Talas, L.; Baddeley, R. J.; Cuthill, I. C. & Scott-Samuel, N. E. (2019).

3300: 2598: 2558: 2443: 1950: 1779: 1750:

gene. Around 37% of the Simlipal tiger population has this feature, which has been linked to

1744: 1713: 1464: 1276: 1189: 1053: 810: 728: 609: 582: 319: 15239: 15135: 10319:(Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology and Wildlife Ecology). Delaware: University of Delaware. 8632: 7762:

Karanth, K. U. & Sunquist, M. E. (2000). "Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (

6572: 4422: 3935:

Kitchener, A. (1999). "Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues" in

3241:

was dubbed "the Tiger Whisperer" as she trained the cats to obey her by whispering to them.

1024:

as there has not been a confirmed sighting since the 1970s, and survives only in captivity.

17677: 17636: 17602: 17524: 17441: 17382: 17058: 16959: 16918: 16632: 16143: 15871: 15197: 14262: 14012: 14003: 13959: 13914: 13537: 13043: 12778: 12604: 11382: 10766: 10727: 10654: 10555: 10519: 10480: 10421: 10259: 10232: 10185: 9781: 9590: 9549: 9453: 9394: 9353: 9277: 9201: 9164: 9080: 8911: 8860: 8819: 8727: 8037: 7994: 7941: 7900: 7853: 7810: 7455: 7276: 6854: 6734: 6488: 6433: 6374: 6335: 6298: 6259: 6222: 6163: 6112: 5891: 5190: 5154: 5045: 4975: 4927: 4646: 4492: 4350: 4280: 4007: 3996:"Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers" 3887: 3876:"Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation" 3837: 3523: 2507: 2414: 2387: 2369: 2344: 2077: 1818: 1532: 794: 8231: 5845: 1089: 8: 17298: 17244: 17016: 16463: 16349: 16331: 16176: 16025: 15930: 15180: 15126: 14875: 14617: 14608: 13872: 13145: 13127: 12982: 12831: 12334: 10510:) in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India, using MaxEnt model and Least-Cost modeling approach". 9342:"Trends, patterns, and networks of illicit wildlife trade in Nepal: A national synthesis" 9226: 6651: 6149: 6047: 6030: 5627: 4867:"Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)" 3821: 3194: 2985: 2554: 2268: 2224: 1998: 1953:

avoided locations frequented by people and were more active at night than during day. In

1838: 1775: 1732: 1717: 1443: 1021: 882: 578: 523: 152: 143: 17387: 14368: 11386: 10770: 10731: 10658: 10559: 10523: 10484: 10444: 10425: 10410:) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger-bearing protected areas" 10405: 10236: 10189: 9785: 9594: 9553: 9457: 9398: 9357: 9340:

Paudel, P. K.; Acharya, K. P.; Baral, H. S.; Heinen, J. T. & Jnawali, S. R. (2020).

9281: 9205: 9168: 9084: 8915: 8864: 8823: 8731: 8041: 7998: 7945: 7930:"Dhole pack size variation: Assessing the effect of prey availability and apex predator" 7904: 7857: 7814: 7459: 7280: 6858: 6738: 6492: 6437: 6378: 6339: 6302: 6263: 6226: 6167: 6090: 6063: 5895: 5880:"High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population" 5194: 5158: 5049: 4979: 4931: 4650: 4496: 4354: 4284: 4127: 4100: 4011: 3891: 17113: 16340: 15862: 15552: 15275: 15248: 14511: 14253: 14105: 13208: 13100: 13000: 12940: 12325: 12261: 11938: 11833: 11405: 11370: 11243: 10980: 10053:(Report). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia. 9417: 9382: 8750: 8715: 8610: 8581: 8120: 7962: 7929: 7826: 7787: 7729: 7383: 7227: 7140: 6934: 6888: 6757: 6718: 6634: 6543: 6504: 6456: 6421: 6397: 6362: 6211:"Demography of a high-density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery" 6186: 6151: 6080: 5914: 5879: 5814: 5762: 5735: 5720: 5654: 5629: 5529: 5393: 5206: 5117: 5093:"Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats" 5092: 5068: 5033: 5004: 4963: 4891: 4866: 4601: 4555: 4530: 4373: 4338: 4070: 4045: 3908: 3875: 3749: 3741: 3460:" portrays the animal as the duality of beauty and ferocity. It is the sister poem to " 3242: 3125:

caused 1,396 human deaths in the period 1935–2006 according to official records of the

2699: 2693: 2602: 2581: 2523: 2511: 1990: 1966: 1901: 1482: 841: 612:. It has been kept in captivity since ancient times and has been trained to perform in 414: 360: 199: 11126:

Smith, K. D.; Snider, R. J.; Dembiec, D. P.; Siegford, J. M. & Ali, A. B. (2023).

10329: 9809:"Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia" 8846: 8403: 8386: 8019: 6717:

Joshi, A.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Mondol, S.; Edgaonkar, A. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2013).

6422:"Ranging, activity and habitat use by tigers in the mangrove forests of the Sundarban" 6361:

Carter, N. H.; Shrestha, B. K.; Karki, J. B.; Pradhan, N. M. B. & Liu, J. (2012).

6287:"Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand" 4809: 4727: 4694: 4581: 3569: 1045: 17871: 17811: 17597: 17418: 16992: 16909: 16689: 16185: 16152: 15076: 14583: 14305: 14087: 13941: 13815: 13699: 13052: 12882: 12840: 12787: 12567: 12549: 12307: 11734: 11703: 11697: 11678: 11654: 11648: 11633: 11611: 11592: 11573: 11488: 11438: 11410: 11184: 11149: 10966: 10899: 10894: 10877: 10817: 10782: 10449: 10403: 10352: 10262: 10218: 10201: 10026: 9422: 8966: 8755: 8696: 8651: 8615: 8526: 8483: 8323: 8249: 7967: 7913: 7880: 7733: 7721: 7640: 7623: 7421: 7245: 7211: 7040: 6930: 6880: 6762: 6638: 6461: 6402: 6191: 6095: 5919: 5819: 5767: 5659: 5507: 5449: 5210: 5122: 5073: 5009: 4943: 4896: 4789: 4732: 4560: 4508: 4378: 4199: 4132: 4075: 4025: 3913: 3853: 3843: 3807:. Vol. Mammalia. Volume 1. London: T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. pp. 197–210. 3753: 3407: 3328: 2981: 2569: 2532: 2519: 2464: 2383: 2295:. They kill small prey with a bite to the back of the neck or head. Estimates of the 2244: 2208: 1930: 1878: 1637: 1473: 1036: 976: 817: 770: 766: 724: 671: 602: 441: 11247: 11014:) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans". 10221:"Identifying landscape factors affecting tiger decline in the Bangladesh Sundarbans" 9339: 9022: 8805: 8775:"Surveys in southern Myanmar indicate global importance for tigers and biodiversity" 7144: 6938: 6547: 6508: 5939: 5733: 4605: 3117:

was responsible for over 430 human deaths in Nepal and India before she was shot by

2935:

were founded in India to gain public support for tiger conservation. Since then, 53

1929:, but 0.3–0.92 adult tigers per 100 km (39 sq mi) in the unprotected 17423: 17271: 17104: 16382: 15812: 15102: 14884: 14634: 13824: 13723: 13507: 13498: 13082: 12873: 12864: 12658: 12649: 12207: 11400: 11390: 11235: 11176: 11139: 11023: 10970: 10962: 10889: 10774: 10735: 10713: 10694: 10683:"Restoring Asia's roar: Opportunities for tiger recovery across the historic range" 10662: 10613: 10563: 10527: 10488: 10439: 10429: 10384: 10344: 10289: 10240: 10193: 10127: 9998: 9830: 9820: 9789: 9752: 9742: 9691: 9664: 9598: 9557: 9513: 9461: 9412: 9402: 9361: 9285: 9244: 9209: 9172: 9131: 9121: 9088: 9044: 9001: 8958: 8929: 8919: 8878: 8868: 8827: 8786: 8745: 8735: 8713: 8686: 8643: 8605: 8597: 8475: 8435: 8398: 8341: 8289: 8271: 8241: 8214: 8116: 8045: 8002: 7957: 7949: 7908: 7861: 7818: 7783: 7713: 7635: 7471: 7463: 7375: 7361:"Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures" 7315: 7284: 7267:) outside protected areas in Indias Western Ghats: implications for conservation". 7237: 7207: 7132: 6926: 6892: 6870: 6862: 6807: 6752: 6742: 6699: 6669: 6626: 6590: 6535: 6496: 6451: 6441: 6392: 6382: 6343: 6306: 6284: 6267: 6230: 6181: 6171: 6130: 6085: 6075: 6042: 5954: 5909: 5899: 5809: 5801: 5757: 5747: 5716: 5686: 5649: 5641: 5441: 5383: 5277: 5198: 5162: 5112: 5104: 5063: 5053: 4999: 4991: 4983: 4935: 4886: 4878: 4766: 4722: 4712: 4654: 4593: 4550: 4542: 4500: 4368: 4358: 4288: 4122: 4112: 4065: 4057: 4015: 3903: 3895: 3733: 3587: 3415: 3324: 3304: 3064:

Tigers have been hunted by humans for millennia, as indicated by a painting on the

3030: 2674: 2499: 2457: 2399: 2328: 2141: 2019: 1922: 1858: 1854: 1783: 1696: 1649: 1616: 953: 675: 546: 511: 452: 10466: 9681: 9380: 6500: 5630:"Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids" 5243:

Fossil tiger from limestone mine of Tsukumi City, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu Island,

5202: 1080:

The Malayan tiger was proposed as a distinct subspecies on the basis of mtDNA and

601:

patrols and schemes for monitoring tiger populations. In several range countries,

17780: 17668: 17584: 17289: 17280: 17208: 17163: 16825: 16775: 16766: 16641: 16587: 16531: 16400: 16373: 16266: 16084: 16043: 16008: 15753: 14816: 14529: 14496: 14487: 13994: 13732: 13181: 12631: 12558: 12516: 12252: 12057: 11991: 11968: 11668: 11395: 11342: 10492: 10131: 9771: 9577:

Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O'Connor, D. & Glikman, J. A. (2020).

9576: 9290: 9265: 9213: 9150: 8924: 8899: 8849:"Expansion of industrial plantations continues to threaten Malayan tiger habitat" 8773:

Aung, S. S.; Shwe, N. M.; Frechette, J.; Grindley, M. & Connette, G. (2017).

8050: 8021: 8006: 7467: 7288: 7262: 6747: 6446: 6420:

Naha, D.; Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Roy, M.; Sankar, K. & Gopal, R. (2016).

6347: 6176: 5263: 5058: 4717: 4658: 4363: 4292: 3503: 3490: 3485: 3461: 3423: 3323:, the tiger was seen as the "king of the forest" and symbolised the power of the 3316: 3312: 3114: 2431: 2427: 2296: 2052: 1974: 1846: 1814: 1751: 1653: 1644:

The tiger is one of only a few striped cat species. Stripes are advantageous for

1592: 1548: 1523: 1005: 957: 824:

taxonomy in accordance with the 2015 two-subspecies proposal and recognised only

705: 700: 658: 515: 431: 17628: 17563: 17537: 11105:"EU's 'unlikely' role in global tiger trade revealed in new WWF, TRAFFIC report" 10245: 10220: 10003: 9603: 9578: 9177: 9152: 9107: 8832: 8807: 8647: 7301: 6716: 5784: 5090: 4939: 1866: 17773: 17761: 17749: 17262: 17181: 16983: 16730: 16623: 16596: 15649: 15266: 14866: 14730: 14413: 13950: 13932: 13863: 13474: 13465: 13067: 13028: 11982: 11894: 10699: 10682: 10531: 10389: 10372: 9407: 8772: 8218: 6703: 5959: 5942: 5166: 4597: 4504: 4117: 3507: 3427: 3360: 3336: 3332: 3149: 3074: 2288: 2240: 2126: 2057: 1882: 1842: 1767: 1747: 1604: 1490: 1180: 985: 936: 921: 790: 774: 757:

have been proposed between the early 19th and early 21st centuries, namely the

720: 527: 11803: 11239: 10778: 10739: 10679: 10666: 10567: 10505: 10369: 10197: 9852: 9825: 9808: 9747: 9726: 9668: 9536:

Uddin, N.; Enoch, S.; Harihar, A.; Pickles, R. S. & Hughes, A. C. (2023).

9518: 9497: 9314:. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office. 9249: 9228: 9126: 9109: 9006: 8985: 8791: 8774: 8384: 8294: 8273: 7865: 7334: 7319: 7136: 6866: 6839:"Chemical characterization of territorial marking fluid of male Bengal tiger, 6630: 6595: 6574: 6271: 6135: 6114: 4964:"The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes" 4770: 4312:

Abhandlungen der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin

4020: 3995: 3567: 3335:

and controls the period between 15:00 and 17:00 o'clock in the afternoon. The

2259: 1656:

and possibly perceives the tiger as green and blended in with the vegetation.

1627: 1028: 17795: 17519: 17226: 17122: 17095: 16721: 16419: 16364: 15886: 15830: 15571: 15212: 14667: 14229: 13394: 13361: 13163: 13154: 13091: 12991: 12949: 12801: 12394: 11563: 11540: 9035: 8983: 8668: 8582:"Canine distemper virus: an emerging disease in wild endangered Amur tigers ( 8454: 5628:

Allen, W. L.; Cuthill, I. C.; Scott-Samuel, N. E. & Baddeley, R. (2010).

5506:(6th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 825–828. 4061: 3833: 3578: 3453: 3368: 3320: 3279: 3250: 3070: 3059: 2989: 2954: 2932: 2635: 2585: 2549: 2527: 2503: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2249: 2200: 2061: 1684: 1544: 1519: 1081: 1068: 1001: 993: 992:

This tiger historically lived in south-central China. The skulls of the five

904: 886: 778: 762: 695: 616:

and other entertainment shows. The tiger featured prominently in the ancient

598: 586: 531: 496: 427: 336: 172: 81: 13851: 13663: 11792: 10811: 10348: 9912:(Report). Global Tiger Forum and the Global Tiger Initiative Council. 2023. 9724: 8962: 8455:

Tidière, M.; Müller, P.; Sliwa, A.; Siberchicot, A. & Douay, G. (2021).

8440: 8419: 8346: 8325: 8245: 7241: 6811: 6674: 6653: 6612: 6387: 6249: 6235: 6210: 5904: 5877: 5445: 3857: 3498:. The image of the friendly tame tiger has also existed in culture, notably 2944:

in 2010 envisioned increasing the country's tiger populations by 50% in the

2455:

Tigers are recorded as hosts for various parasites including tapeworms like

2180: 1762: 17756: 17358: 17253: 17199: 16900: 16668: 16614: 16391: 16290: 15845: 15821: 15640: 15631: 15451: 15418: 15341: 15302: 14712: 14694: 14556: 14428: 13887: 13288: 13251: 13136: 13118: 12531: 12477: 12403: 12081: 11825: 11414: 11188: 11153: 10903: 10786: 10453: 10356: 10205: 9579:"An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam" 9535: 9426: 9069:"Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons" 8970: 8759: 8700: 8691: 8670: 8655: 8619: 8487: 8253: 7971: 7725: 7624:"Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology" 7249: 6884: 6766: 6465: 6406: 6195: 6099: 5923: 5846:"A new conservation policy needed for reintroduction of Bengal tiger-white" 5823: 5771: 5752: 5663: 5645: 5453: 5282: 5266:"Interspecific hybrids of animals-in nature, breeding and science–a review" 5265: 5126: 5108: 5077: 5013: 4947: 4900: 4736: 4703: 4564: 4546: 4512: 4382: 4136: 4079: 4029: 3917: 3899: 3533: 3511: 3472: 3450:, it was believed that men would seduce women by transforming into tigers. 3439: 3419: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3230: 3186: 3182: 3103: 3086: 2974: 2958: 2652: 2480: 2276: 2042: 1997:

had home ranges of 10.6 and 14.1 km (4.1 and 5.4 sq mi). In

1958: 1862: 1802: 1688: 1664: 1608: 1439: 1438:. Results of genetic analyses indicate that the tiger and snow leopard are 1435: 1252: 885:. The Bengal tiger has shorter fur than tigers further north, with a light 869: 758: 554: 139: 11799: 10045: 9191: 8847:

Shevade, V. S.; Potapov, P. V.; Harris, N. L. & Loboda, T. V. (2017).

8601: 4882: 3955: 3374: 2627: 2606:

in 1977, the population continued to decline and is considered extinct in

2203:

feeding mainly on large and medium-sized ungulates, with a preference for

928: 17887:

Species endangered by human consumption for medicinal or magical purposes

17785: 17737: 17589: 17480: 17367: 16867: 16058: 15975: 15948: 15697: 15611: 15543: 15469: 15460: 15427: 15385: 15350: 15067: 14960: 14792: 14332: 14244: 14152: 13797: 13370: 13190: 12855: 12769: 12752: 12729: 12692: 12576: 12540: 12385: 12174: 12029: 11908: 11027: 10616:"Home range and movements of male translocated problem tigers in Sumatra" 9136: 8457:"Sex-specific actuarial and reproductive senescence in zoo-housed tiger ( 6875: 6208: 6061: 3383: 3238: 3226: 3202: 3198: 3118: 2665: 2618: 2607: 2594: 2487: 2419: 2204: 2185: 1893: 1806: 1680: 1669: 1460: 1409: 1121: 968: 782: 678:

word for 'arrow', which may also be the origin of the name for the river

637: 538:, which it takes by ambush. It lives a mostly solitary life and occupies 286: 56: 17433: 17397: 11810: 10984: 9995: 9835: 9308:

Skin and Bones: Tiger Trafficking Analysis from January 2000 – June 2022

7927: 7702: 4584:(1968). "Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est". 4150: 3745: 3045: 2917: 2553:(395,943 sq mi) to 911,901 km (352,087 sq mi). 2147:

Tigers are normally silent but can produce numerous vocalisations. They

1611:

are the longest in the cat family at 6.4–7.6 cm (2.5–3.0 in).

893: 17695: 17472: 17076: 16322: 16253: 16240: 16207: 15993: 15731: 15491: 15039: 15016: 14902: 14893: 14842: 14807: 14783: 14547: 14446: 14395: 14341: 14323: 14296: 14203: 14153: 13552: 13525: 13453: 13436: 13199: 13172: 13018: 12922: 12906: 12742: 12622: 12462: 12298: 12165: 11957: 11925: 11909: 11010:

Barlow, A. C.; Ahmad, I. & Smith, J. L. (2013). "Profiling tigers (

10975: 10614:

Priatna, D.; Santosa, Y.; Prasetyo, L. B. & Kartono, A. P. (2012).

10434: 9969: 9653: 9562: 9537: 9093: 9068: 8740: 8671:"Serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging Bengal tigers ( 7425: 5805: 5677:

Caro, T. (2005). "The adaptive significance of coloration in mammals".

5397: 4987: 4400:

Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P. (1999). "Preface" in

4271:): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation". 3481: 3443: 3257: 3107: 2849: 2590: 2573: 2545: 2212: 2069: 2032: 1994: 1986: 1850: 1798: 1724: 1709: 1645: 1596: 1554: 1201: 1147: 997: 901: 786: 754: 644: 539: 492: 266: 130: 101: 66: 11338:"Endangered tiger earns its stripes as the world's most popular beast" 11180: 11144: 11127: 9806: 9793: 9757: 9381:

Nittu, G.; Shameer, T. T.; Nishanthini, N. K. & Sanil, R. (2023).

8948: 8883: 8873: 8848: 8479: 7953: 7717: 7476: 7387: 6539: 6419: 4995: 3710:]. Translated by Kent, R. G. London: W. Heinemann. pp. 94–97. 3435: 2964: 17485: 17454: 17007: 16942: 16555: 16495: 16281: 16102: 15717: 15709: 15658: 15508: 15394: 15376: 15090: 14924: 14757: 14599: 14565: 14377: 14069: 13343: 12813: 12289: 11857: 9495: 9466: 9441: 9439: 9366: 9341: 9151:

Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J. F. & Macdonald, D. W. (2019).

9066: 6723:) Populations in the Human-Influenced Forest Mosaic of Central India" 6311: 6286: 5264:

Gabryś, J.; Kij, B.; Kochan, J. & Bugno-Poniewierska, M. (2021).

4308:"Überblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verteilung über die Welttheile" 3457: 3246: 3206: 3201:

is reported to have kept tigers in the 13th century. Starting in the

3096: 2759: 2392: 2264: 2236: 2220: 2196: 1874: 1870: 1736: 1172: 1017: 661: 617: 550: 401: 256: 216: 106: 17329: 9696: 8808:"Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand" 7830: 5388: 5371: 4458:"Über einige Tigerschädel aus der Straßburger zoologischen Sammlung" 3873: 889:

to orange-red colouration, and relatively long and narrow nostrils.

17768: 17662: 17459: 17352: 16704: 16167: 15984: 15960: 15321: 15171: 15117: 15053: 15048: 15001: 14933: 14851: 14721: 14470: 14461: 14359: 14314: 14194: 14027: 13764: 13673: 13642: 13602: 13489: 13421: 13329: 13320: 12640: 12436: 12189: 12072: 12039: 11888: 11876: 11773: 10175: 8897: 7446:) on free-ranging prey and implications for their reintroduction". 3737: 3411: 3395: 3391: 2941: 2813: 2795: 2562: 2515: 2474: 2469: 2435: 2157: 2153: 1941: 1822: 1794: 1740: 1704: 1515: 1231: 750: 733: 683: 621: 590: 569:. Today, the tiger's range is severely fragmented. It is listed as 535: 489: 476: 296: 236: 96: 91: 76: 71: 61: 11699:

Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes

11009: 9853:

Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023).

8424:

Linnaeus) population in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India"

3724:

Thorley, D. (2017). "Naming the tiger in the Early Modern world".

3091: 17703: 17682: 17086: 16933: 16807: 16522: 16034: 15364: 14830: 14386: 14350: 14217: 14185: 14169: 13682: 13385: 12964: 12445: 12352: 12270: 12198: 12140: 12117: 12010: 11787: 10878:"Human–tiger conflict: A review and call for comprehensive plans" 10023:

CITES Implementation in Nepal and India. Law, Policy and Practice

8984:

Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J. & Nyhus, P. J. (2004).

7822: 5559:

Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in

4755:"Notes on Malay tigers, with description of a new form from Bali" 4234:

Srivastav, A.; Malviya, M.; Tyagi, P. C. & Nigam, P. (2011).

3839:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

3477: 3293: 3190: 2885: 2644: 2430:

at three to four years, whereas males are at four to five years.

2232: 2165: 2161: 2081: 2045:

spraying urine (above) and rubbing against tree to mark territory

2002: 1910: 1896:

during 2010–2015 in the deciduous and subtropical pine forest of

1600: 1588: 1427: 1335: 1197: 1013: 821: 686:, and the connection between the tiger and the river is doubted. 503: 481: 276: 111: 86: 11286:"June 18 Deadline for Compliance With Big Cat Public Safety Act" 7843: 6363:"Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales" 4962:

Lee, S.; Zhou, Q.; Jung, H. J.; Xu, X. & Gadhvi, P. (2013).

1578: 17446: 17190: 17137: 16882: 16570: 16304: 15024: 14685: 14520: 14277: 13714: 12486: 12412: 12361: 12343: 12316: 12237: 12099: 11882: 11870: 11755: 11627:

Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of

11501: 7540: 7193: 6028: 5943:"Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001–2020" 4788:(in German). Madgeburg: Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben. 3499: 3495: 3431: 3399: 3218: 3013: 2978:

patrolling together with staff of protected areas in Malaysia.

2831: 2741: 2577: 2378: 2323:

In much of their range, tigers share habitat with leopards and

2316: 2228: 2065: 1431: 1308: 679: 624:

of cultures throughout its historic range and has continued to

613: 502:

Throughout the tiger's range, it inhabits mainly forests, from

246: 226: 10082:

Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Sumatran Tiger (

5032:

Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C. (2011).

4425:. In Siebold, P. F. v.; Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (eds.). 2311: 17623: 17172: 17031: 16974: 16847: 16650: 16507: 16134: 16116: 15739: 15409: 14658: 14643: 13304: 12595: 11166: 11128:"Effects of a modern exhibit design on captive tiger welfare" 10544: 8366: 7800: 6521: 6209:

Bisht, S.; Banerjee, S.; Qureshi, Q. & Jhala, Y. (2019).

6062:

Li, X. Y.; Hu, W. Q.; Wang, H. J. & Jiang, X. L. (2023).

5583: 5581: 3842:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. 3403: 3379: 3073:, as well as European colonists. Tigers were often hunted as 2867: 2777: 2723: 2670: 2438:

1938–2018 indicate that captive tigers lived up to 19 years.

2324: 2169: 1790: 1566: 1562: 961: 651: 558: 189: 183: 11691: 7984: 7928:

Habib, B.; Nigam P.; Ghaskadbi P. & Bhandari A. (2021).

7684: 7648: 7499: 7358: 7163: 7151: 7089: 6001: 5987: 4401: 4336: 4245:(Report). Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife Institute of India 3936: 3438:

are people who could change into tigers and back again. The

2283:. It has an average bite force at the canine tips of 1234.3 16546: 15442: 14767: 14703: 12376: 12108: 11966: 11435:

The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art

10471:) population: Lessons learnt from 13-years of monitoring". 8354: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7380:

10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2

7335:"Tiger ecology and conservation in the Indian subcontinent" 7106: 7104: 6993: 6969: 6554: 5967: 5691:

10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:TASOCI]2.0.CO;2

4267:

Mazák, J. H. (2010). "Craniometric variation in the tiger (

3675:(Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 3181:

Tigers have been kept in captivity since ancient times. In

2997:

for transboundary cooperation between two protected areas,

2216: 2148: 1703:

locus, respectively. The snow-white variation is caused by

1565:

is the offspring of a female tiger and a male lion and the

1423: 1355: 1164: 605:

have been established and tiger reintroduction is planned.

566: 562: 485: 11254: 11195: 11125: 11073: 10816:. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 22–27. 10793: 10755: 9625:"5 Things Tiger King Doesn't Explain About Captive Tigers" 7039:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 343–372. 6360: 5578: 5465: 5463: 5034:"Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger" 5031: 4233: 17744: 14676: 14285: 12613: 11530: 11528: 11207: 11085: 11048: 10910: 10645:) population in the Northwest of its distribution area". 9263: 8579: 8103:

Sankhala, K. S. (1967). "Breeding behaviour of the tiger

7581: 7579: 5493: 4865:

Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016).

4691: 3390:

Tigers have had religious and folkloric significance. In

3367:. The big cat was depicted on seals and coins during the 3225:

included many tiger tamers in the 20th century including

3034: 1582:

Tiger skeleton from Royal Natural History Volume 1 (1839)

719:

was based on descriptions by earlier naturalists such as

17732: 11727:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

11451: 9974: 9807:

Neo, W. H. Y.; Lubis, M. I. & Lee, J. S. H. (2023).

8506: 8494: 8187: 8185: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8142: 7672: 7591: 7552: 7511: 7489: 7487: 7101: 7065: 6478: 5241:

Hasegawa, Y., Takakuwa, Y., Nenoki, K. & Kimura, T.

3654:

Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946

3292:(badge of authority) with gold inlays, from the tomb of 1821:

corridors, providing food and water for both tigers and

1727:

tigers with thick, merged stripes have been recorded in

1020:

due to interbreeding with ancient tiger lineages. It is

10934: 9496:

Saif, S.; Rahman, H. T. & MacMillan, D. C. (2018).

9440:

Khanwilkar, S.; Sosnowski, M. & Guynup, S. (2022).

9304: 8158: 8065: 8063: 8061: 7005: 6836: 6778: 6776: 5460: 5097:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4535:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4434: 4318: 4042: 3666: 3644:

Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951).

3355:

and the season of autumn. It is the counterpart to the

3339:

is thought to bring "dramatic and extreme events". The

11525: 11266: 10991: 10922: 10830: 8127: 8075: 7761: 7740: 7660: 7576: 7528: 7441: 7306:) food habits across the Terai-Arc Landscape, India". 7122: 6957: 6818: 6325: 5404: 3993: 3805:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma

3643: 1793:

riverine forests and hilly and lowland forests in the

17721: 11369:

Albert, C.; Luque, G. M. & Courchamp, F. (2018).

10718:

reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia".

9856:

Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022

8898:

Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. & Verburg, P. (2019).

8561: 8182: 8139: 7564: 7484: 7077: 7053: 6945: 6912: 6617:) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India". 6013: 5703: 4196:

Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

4182: 2514:. Blood samples from 11 adult tigers in Nepal showed 1973:

recorded climbing 10 m (33 ft) up a smooth

17882:

Species endangered by deliberate extirpation efforts

15507: 12903: 11674:

The Deer and the Tiger: A Study of Wildlife in India

11610:(Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11513: 11368: 11225: 10078: 8549: 8527:"India male tiger plays doting dad to orphaned cubs" 8302: 8278:) population in a semi-arid region of western India" 8170: 8058: 7794: 7603: 7223: 7221: 7175: 6773: 5993: 5566: 5475: 5416: 5140:

Hemmer, Helmut (2023). "The identity of the "lion",

4864: 4481: 4396: 4394: 4392: 3494:(1894) is the mortal enemy of the human protagonist 3237:

would use gentler methods to control their animals.

1735:

analysis of Indian tiger samples revealed that this

386: 376: 366: 11107:. World Wildlife Fund for Nature. 30 September 2020 10046:Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers (2006). 7879:Harihar, A.; Pandav, B. & Goyal, S. P. (2011). 6981: 5935: 5933: 4808: 3476:, where the cat battles and is slain by the bandit 2684:also contributes to the decline of the population. 2103:

Siberian tiger baring teeth as a sign of aggression

608:The tiger is among the most popular of the world's 8461:): The importance of sub-species for conservation" 8330:) populations and its implications for monitoring" 7878: 4528: 3371:of southern India, as it was the official emblem. 3331:, the tiger is the third out of 12 symbols in the 3245:became famous for performing with white tigers in 2164:, a soft, low-frequency snorting sound similar to 1493:in China that are dated to the early Pleistocene. 11066:Manfredi, P. "The Tiger in the Ancient World" in 9991: 9989: 9618: 9616: 9614: 7218: 5179: 4389: 3410:, the tiger was depicted being ridden by the god 1825:. On the Indian subcontinent, it inhabits mainly 1712:. Hence, their continued breeding will risk both 17793: 13303: 10871: 10869: 9904: 9062: 9060: 7621: 7026: 5930: 5534:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5251:. 23, (2019) (in Japanese with English abstract) 5224: 5222: 5220: 4695:"Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers ( 3931: 3929: 3927: 3311:While the lion represented royalty and power in 2360:"Tiger cub" redirects here. For other uses, see 1985:Adult tigers lead largely solitary lives within 1827:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 520:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 10308: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9848: 9846: 6658:) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia" 6367:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6029:Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V. (2018). 5979: 5884:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5787:"The genetics of tiger pelage color variations" 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 3957:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). 3593:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15955A214862019.en 2999:Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park 2136:During friendly encounters and bonding, tigers 1869:, southeastern Tibet. In Thailand, it lives in 17877:Species endangered by agricultural development 10805: 10580: 10144: 9986: 9611: 8319: 8317: 7332: 6654:"Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers ( 4236:Indian National Studbook of the Bengal Tiger ( 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 3869: 3867: 2916:Internationally, the tiger is protected under 2355: 1531:in Indochina and spread across Asia after the 682:. However, today, the names are thought to be 30:"Tigress" redirects here. For other uses, see 14167: 12008: 11841: 11725:. In Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (eds.). 11428: 11426: 11424: 11040:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 ( 10866: 9710:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 ( 9531: 9529: 9057: 8986:"Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers 8267: 8265: 8263: 7342:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 6645: 6608: 6606: 5434: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5300:. Genetic Science Learning Center, Utah.org. 5217: 4913: 4847:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4835: 4833: 4451: 4449: 4097: 3924: 3794: 3773:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 3766: 3049:Tiger hunting on elephant-back in India, 1808 715:was being used for all cats at the time. His 11855: 11318:(Report). European Commission. 18 April 2023 10859:: Conflict, coexistence, or extinction?" in 10847: 10845: 10607: 10025:. Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Aademic Publications. 9881: 9843: 8417: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 7437: 7435: 7359:Karanth, K. U. & Nichols, J. D. (1998). 6793: 6791: 5542: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5319: 4576: 4574: 4330: 4262: 4260: 4198:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 55–65. 3790: 3788: 3786: 3697: 3620: 2373:A Bengal tiger family in Kanha Tiger Reserve 11632:(Second ed.). London: Academic Press. 11624: 10860: 10751: 10749: 9050:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15965A5334628.en 8935:1871.1/1dced676-560b-46fb-a7c5-e0c888c5cff1 8314: 7757: 7755: 7027:Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F. (2002). 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5560: 5229: 4960: 4625: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4165: 4093: 4091: 4089: 3864: 3656:. London: British Museum. pp. 318–319. 3040: 1757: 1004:than tigers from India, a smaller cranium, 12028: 11848: 11834: 11421: 10316:) and Principal Prey in Sumatra, Indonesia 9526: 8990:: field survey of priority tiger reserves" 8524: 8260: 6603: 6002:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999 5988:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999 5516:. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024 5290: 4830: 4748: 4746: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4477: 4475: 4455: 4446: 4402:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999 3937:Seidensticker, Christie & Jackson 1999 3820: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3315:, the tiger played such a role in various 3299:The tiger is among the most famous of the 3113:At the beginning of the 20th century, the 1913:and poaching had occurred in the adjacent 1518:fossils of tigers have also been found in 1450:that parallel those in other cat genomes. 1207: 1171: 1137: 1088: 1059: 1027: 967: 927: 892: 400: 161: 129: 16251: 12740: 11923: 11702:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11605: 11476: 11437:. New York: Continuum. pp. 402–404. 11404: 11394: 11143: 10974: 10893: 10842: 10698: 10443: 10433: 10388: 10312:An Island-wide Status of Sumatran Tiger ( 10244: 10016: 10014: 10002: 9934: 9834: 9824: 9756: 9746: 9695: 9622: 9602: 9561: 9517: 9465: 9416: 9406: 9365: 9289: 9264:Nijman, V. & Shepherd, C. R. (2015). 9248: 9176: 9135: 9125: 9092: 9048: 9020: 9005: 8933: 8923: 8882: 8872: 8831: 8790: 8749: 8739: 8690: 8609: 8439: 8402: 8345: 8293: 8087: 8049: 7961: 7912: 7639: 7628:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 7475: 7432: 7415: 6874: 6788: 6756: 6746: 6673: 6594: 6455: 6445: 6396: 6386: 6310: 6234: 6185: 6175: 6134: 6089: 6079: 6046: 5958: 5913: 5903: 5813: 5778: 5761: 5751: 5708:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 5653: 5615: 5494:Novak, R. M. & Walker, E. P. (1999). 5387: 5369: 5316: 5281: 5259: 5257: 5147:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 5116: 5067: 5057: 5003: 4890: 4858: 4783: 4777: 4726: 4716: 4626:Mazák, J. H. & Groves, C. P. (2006). 4571: 4554: 4524: 4522: 4372: 4362: 4257: 4126: 4116: 4069: 4044:Hadly, E. & Ramakrishnan, U. (2021). 4019: 3907: 3783: 3760: 3719: 3717: 3591: 3029:into remote protected areas. Coordinated 2968:Wild Sumatran tiger caught by camera trap 1900:, northern India revealed a stable tiger 1877:forests. In Sumatra, it inhabits lowland 670:has been suggested to originate from the 14597: 11716: 11677:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 11667: 10875: 10746: 10048:The Malayan Tiger Conservation Programme 9980: 8372: 8274:"Demography of a small, isolated tiger ( 8102: 7752: 7690: 7678: 7654: 7597: 7558: 7522: 7505: 7187: 7169: 7157: 7110: 7095: 7071: 7011: 6999: 6975: 5973: 5593: 5587: 5469: 5410: 5027: 5025: 5023: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4440: 4420: 4407: 4324: 4086: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3702:[XX. The names of wild beasts]. 3442:of Indochina believed that tigers could 3373: 3283: 3267: 3090: 3044: 2963: 2612: 2502:is known to occur in Siberian tigers. A 2413: 2368: 2310: 2258: 2179: 1940: 1936: 1865:and of 3,139 m (10,299 ft) in 1805:region of Russia and China, it inhabits 1761: 1663: 1626: 1577: 1561:cats and have done so in captivity. The 666:'tigris'. Since ancient times, the word 13671: 12434: 11955: 11625:Tilson, R.; Nyhus, P. J., eds. (2010). 11549:, pp. 72–73, 78, 125–127, 147–148. 11487:. London: Aquarian Press. p. 227. 11432: 10851:Nyhus, P. J. & Tilson, R. (2010). " 10512:Environmental Modeling & Assessment 10138: 9938:Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal 2022 9910:Global Tiger Recovery Program (2023–34) 9485:. New York: Springer. pp. 224–226. 9480: 9305:Wong, R. & Krishnasamy, K. (2022). 4752: 4743: 4612: 4472: 4305: 4299: 3723: 3667:Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (1940). 3607: 3351:, representing the west along with the 14: 17794: 16764: 15000: 11562: 11534: 11482: 11470: 11272: 11260: 11201: 11079: 11067: 10997: 10952: 10928: 10836: 10799: 10099:from the original on 23 September 2023 10011: 8567: 8512: 8191: 8152: 8133: 8081: 7746: 7666: 7585: 7570: 7546: 7534: 7493: 7409: 7083: 7059: 7022: 7020: 6951: 6782: 6560: 5843: 5740:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 5572: 5487: 5481: 5422: 5254: 5139: 4839: 4759:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4519: 3816: 3814: 3714: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3217:Tigers have played prominent roles in 2450: 1782:, Sumatra, northeastern China and the 840:The following tables are based on the 17334: 17333: 16238: 15695: 14999: 14151: 13286: 12727: 11907: 11829: 11646: 11586: 11546: 11519: 11507: 11457: 11371:"The twenty most charismatic species" 11296:from the original on 20 February 2024 11213: 11091: 11054: 10940: 10916: 10623:Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 10020: 9657:European Journal of Wildlife Research 9635:from the original on 20 February 2024 8555: 8500: 8360: 8308: 8176: 8164: 8069: 7609: 7420:. London: Cassell. pp. 133–134. 7397:from the original on 27 November 2022 7181: 6987: 6963: 6824: 6797: 6619:European Journal of Wildlife Research 5304:from the original on 4 September 2019 5084: 5020: 4920:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4680: 4628:"A taxonomic revision of the tigers ( 4580: 4266: 4183:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). 3942: 3205:, tigers were being kept in European 2950:Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex 2929:National Tiger Conservation Authority 2580:activities in their vicinity. In the 1949:Camera trap data show that tigers in 1888: 1831:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 1811:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 1514:of China; late Pleistocene and early 1016:-like stripes. It has a unique mtDNA 508:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 17827:Extant Pleistocene first appearances 17709:CB08F90C-6992-4001-A173-117D95630082 10264:Thailand Tiger Action Plan 2010–2022 10092:. Jakarta: Government of Indonesia. 9321:from the original on 17 January 2024 6048:10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836 5676: 4215:from the original on 25 January 2024 3975:from the original on 17 January 2020 3691: 3679:from the original on 21 October 2020 3467:Songs of Innocence and of Experience 3170:with several of his trained tigers, 2060:on vegetation and rocks, clawing or 1659: 1052:This tiger population occurs on the 13218:South African small-spotted genet ( 10117: 9036:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8022:"The ecological benefit of tigers ( 7017: 3811: 3579:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3546: 2418:A Siberian tigress with her cub at 2395:lasts around or over three months. 2175: 1683:has a white background colour with 1631:Siberian tiger coat on flank (side) 1134:to have gone extinct by the 1980s. 575:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 24: 17897:Species endangered by urbanization 8904:Environmental Science & Policy 8121:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00354.x 7788:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x 6081:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178 5721:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00442.x 5634:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 3256:Tigers have become popular in the 3166:Publicity photo of animal trainer 2659:Demand for tiger parts for use in 1907:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary 1573: 25: 17913: 13562:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 11748: 11692:Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; 11485:Symbolic and Mythological Animals 10687:Frontiers in Conservation Science 10595:from the original on 7 April 2024 10377:Frontiers in Conservation Science 10060:from the original on 9 April 2024 9951:from the original on 8 April 2023 9916:from the original on 8 April 2024 9542:Conservation Science and Practice 9446:Conservation Science and Practice 9346:Conservation Science and Practice 8537:from the original on 8 April 2024 8404:10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734 6291:Conservation Science and Practice 5947:Frontiers in Conservation Science 3262:Association of Zoos and Aquariums 3003:Land of the Leopard National Park 1980: 805:in mainland Asia and the smaller 17802:IUCN Red List endangered species 17779: 17767: 17755: 17743: 17731: 13287: 11798: 11786: 11772: 11754: 11653:. Richmond Hill: Firefly Books. 11463: 11362: 11330: 11308: 11290:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 11278: 11219: 11160: 11119: 11097: 11060: 11003: 10967:10.3197/096734016X14661540219393 10946: 10895:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00218.x 10814:The Treasures of Indian Wildlife 10707: 10673: 10633: 10574: 10538: 10499: 10460: 10397: 10363: 10323: 10302: 10283: 10253: 10212: 10169: 10111: 10072: 10039: 9963: 9928: 9800: 9765: 9718: 9675: 9647: 9570: 9489: 9474: 9433: 9374: 9333: 9298: 9257: 9220: 9185: 9144: 9101: 9014: 8977: 8942: 8891: 8840: 8799: 8766: 8707: 8679:The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 8662: 8626: 8573: 8518: 8448: 8411: 8378: 8225: 8197: 8013: 7978: 7921: 7914:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x 7872: 7837: 7696: 7641:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00819.x 7615: 7352: 7326: 7295: 7256: 7212:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00871.x 7116: 4668:from the original on 31 May 2023 3159: 3141: 2922:Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 2884: 2866: 2848: 2830: 2812: 2794: 2776: 2758: 2740: 2722: 2239:and fish. Occasional attacks on 2110: 2096: 2087: 2031: 2018: 1835:tropical moist evergreen forests 1358: 1338: 1311: 1275: 1255: 731:placed the species in the genus 698:described the tiger in his work 203: 54: 15696: 12728: 11556: 10548:Journal for Nature Conservation 10271:from the original on 5 May 2024 10225:Global Ecology and Conservation 9869:from the original on 5 May 2024 9583:Global Ecology and Conservation 9157:Global Ecology and Conservation 8812:Global Ecology and Conservation 8387:"Generation length for mammals" 6906: 6830: 6710: 6682: 6566: 6515: 6472: 6413: 6354: 6319: 6278: 6243: 6202: 6143: 6106: 6055: 6022: 6007: 5871: 5837: 5727: 5697: 5670: 5621: 5428: 5235: 5173: 5133: 4954: 4907: 4802: 4227: 4143: 4050:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4036: 3987: 3418:, tigers are messengers of the 3123:Tiger attacks in the Sundarbans 2687: 2632:Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park 1008:set closer together and larger 16239: 11469:Thapar, R. "In Times Past" in 9629:World Wildlife Fund for Nature 8326:"Temporal variation in Tiger ( 7125:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5249:. Bull. Gunma Museum Nat. Hist 4819:Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 4485:Nature Ecology & Evolution 3660: 3637: 2306: 2263:Two Bengal tigers attacking a 2235:and other ground-based birds, 2064:trees and marking trails with 2007:Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve 409:Tiger distribution as of 2022 13: 1: 17892:Species endangered by logging 17867:National symbols of Singapore 12974:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 10720:Biodiversity and Conservation 10079:Ministry of Forestry (2007). 9684:Environmental Health Insights 6501:10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512 5504:Walker's Mammals of the World 5203:10.1080/08912963.2022.2034808 3539: 3448:indigenous peoples of Siberia 3274:Cultural depictions of tigers 3221:and other live performances. 3171: 2705:Global wild tiger population 2544:The tiger has been listed as 952:This population lives in the 881:This population inhabits the 744: 657:, which was a borrowing from 17862:National symbols of Malaysia 17817:Conservation-reliant species 17236:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 16892:North American river otter ( 15780:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 12834:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 11806:travel guide from Wikivoyage 11396:10.1371/journal.pone.0199149 11016:Wildlife Biology in Practice 10493:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108848 10132:10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.06.003 9291:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.031 9214:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.011 8925:10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031 8636:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 8051:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.015 8007:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016 7468:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.007 7289:10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00268 6931:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8 6748:10.1371/journal.pone.0077980 6447:10.1371/journal.pone.0152119 6348:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024 6177:10.1371/journal.pone.0025931 5059:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483 4718:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 4659:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007 4430:. Leiden: Lugduni Batavorum. 4364:10.1371/journal.pone.0004125 4293:10.1016/j.mambio.2008.06.003 3132: 3127:Bangladesh Forest Department 2661:traditional Chinese medicine 1217: 1012:; skins were yellowish with 662: 631: 7: 17902:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 14097:Somalian slender mongoose ( 11731:Mammals of the Soviet Union 11608:The Encyclopedia of Mammals 11606:MacDonald, D., ed. (2001). 10246:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00382 10004:10.13140/RG.2.2.14890.70089 9604:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960 9178:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766 8833:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01718 8648:10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1252 8428:Journal of Animal Diversity 7885:to the recovery of a tiger 6847:Journal of Chemical Ecology 4940:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036 3968:(Special Issue 11): 66–68. 3517: 3189:; they were slaughtered in 3185:, tigers were displayed in 2995:memorandum of understanding 2907: 2895: 2877: 2859: 2841: 2823: 2805: 2787: 2769: 2751: 2733: 2386:with her tail to the side. 2356:Reproduction and life cycle 1499:Panthera tigris trinilensis 1418:The tiger shares the genus 689: 474:) is a member of the genus 52:Early Pleistocene – Present 10: 17918: 17050:Asian small-clawed otter ( 15789:American hog-nosed skunk ( 15771:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 14079:Angolan slender mongoose ( 13774:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 12823:Small-toothed palm civet ( 11591:. London: Reaktion Books. 10700:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1124340 10532:10.1007/s10666-024-09966-w 10390:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1213552 9498:"Who is killing the tiger 9408:10.1007/s10708-022-10633-4 8219:10.1007/s13364-019-00466-x 8109:International Zoo Yearbook 7893:Journal of Applied Ecology 6704:10.1007/s13364-020-00547-2 6215:Journal of Applied Ecology 6035:Journal of Threatened Taxa 5960:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280 5167:10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2 4598:10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104 4505:10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8 4118:10.1186/s12915-023-01552-y 3386:school, early 18th century 3277: 3271: 3084: 3080: 3057: 3053: 3026:Ile-Balkash Nature Reserve 2697: 2691: 2539: 2359: 1963:Shuklaphanta National Park 1542: 1538: 1204:than other island tigers. 737:using the scientific name 29: 17857:National symbols of India 17847:Mammals described in 1758 17652: 17342: 17135: 17084: 17075: 17029: 17005: 16972: 16955: 16931: 16880: 16863: 16846: 16817:Saharan striped polecat ( 16805: 16788: 16747: 16702: 16685: 16676: 16667: 16568: 16544: 16520: 16503: 16494: 16417: 16362: 16320: 16303: 16279: 16262: 16247: 16234: 16206: 16165: 16132: 16115: 16056: 16006: 15973: 15956: 15947: 15884: 15843: 15810: 15798:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 15751: 15730: 15708: 15704: 15691: 15627: 15610: 15569: 15541: 15529:Mediterranean monk seal ( 15524: 15490: 15440: 15407: 15372: 15363: 15337: 15320: 15301: 15258:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 15222:South American fur seal ( 15210: 15193: 15169: 15157:South American sea lion ( 15152: 15115: 15098: 15089: 15065: 15037: 15015: 15011: 14995: 14959: 14932: 14923: 14864: 14838: 14829: 14805: 14781: 14766: 14755: 14656: 14630: 14582: 14539:South American gray fox ( 14509: 14483: 14459: 14442: 14427: 14412: 14275: 14242: 14225: 14216: 14183: 14163: 14147: 14115:Common slender mongoose ( 14067: 14025: 13981: 13885: 13859: 13850: 13795: 13762: 13745: 13712: 13695: 13662: 13641: 13600: 13588:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 13583: 13550: 13533: 13524: 13487: 13461: 13452: 13435: 13419: 13383: 13357: 13342: 13318: 13299: 13295: 13282: 13250: 13246: 13110:Crested servaline genet ( 13065: 13026: 13017: 12962: 12936: 12921: 12899: 12853: 12809: 12800: 12751: 12736: 12723: 12691: 12593: 12529: 12512: 12503: 12475: 12458: 12425: 12374: 12287: 12250: 12233: 12224: 12187: 12163: 12154: 12138: 12070: 12037: 12024: 12004: 11951: 11934: 11919: 11903: 11865: 11569:Tiger: The Ultimate Guide 11510:, pp. 60, 86–88, 96. 11240:10.1017/S0962728600000270 11030:(inactive 19 April 2024). 10779:10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053 10740:10.1007/s10531-017-1365-1 10667:10.1134/S1062359021080239 10568:10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126501 10198:10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9 10151:in Thailand and globally" 9935:DNPWC & DFSC (2022). 9826:10.1017/S0030605322000667 9748:10.1017/S0030605316001587 9700:(inactive 10 April 2024). 9669:10.1007/s10344-014-0895-z 9519:10.1017/S0030605316000491 9250:10.1017/S0030605316001617 9127:10.1017/S0030605321001654 9007:10.1017/S0030605304000079 8988:Panthera tigris amoyensis 8792:10.1017/S0030605316001393 8295:10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y 7866:10.1007/s11284-010-0723-1 7803:Journal of Animal Ecology 7774:) in Nagarahole, India". 7622:Christiansen, P. (2007). 7444:Panthera tigris amoyensis 6867:10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y 6631:10.1007/s10344-016-1026-9 6596:10.1017/S0030605310001456 6272:10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5 6136:10.1017/S0030605307414107 4771:10.1080/00222931208693243 4021:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 3365:Indus Valley Civilisation 2408:Ranthambore Tiger Reserve 2350:Jigme Dorji National Park 2279:until its victim dies of 2190:Ranthambore Tiger Reserve 2184:Bengal tiger attacking a 1933:Temengor Forest Reserve. 1919:Khlong Lan National Parks 1898:Jim Corbett National Park 1731:and three Indian zoos; a 1693:autosomal recessive trait 1353: 1333: 1326: 1306: 1299: 1270: 1250: 1243: 1236: 1082:micro-satellite sequences 420: 413: 408: 399: 349: 344: 325: 318: 200:Scientific classification 198: 181: 159: 150: 137: 128: 45: 17173:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 17041:African clawless otter ( 16793:African striped weasel ( 16606:Yellow-throated marten ( 16482:Formosan ferret-badger ( 16186:Western mountain coati ( 16177:Eastern mountain coati ( 16094:Western lowland olingo ( 16076:Eastern lowland olingo ( 15904:Southern spotted skunk ( 15598:Southern elephant seal ( 15589:Northern elephant seal ( 15379:Pagophilus groenlandicus 14156:("dog-like" carnivorans) 13969:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 13590:Mungotictis decemlineata 12465:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 11912:("cat-like" carnivorans) 11717:Sludskii, A. A. (1992). 11572:. New Delhi: CDS Books. 10876:Goodrich, J. M. (2010). 10314:Panthera tigris sumatrae 10309:Wibisono, H. T. (2021). 10178:Environmental Management 10084:Panthera tigris sumatrae 7549:, pp. 119–120, 122. 6719:"Connectivity of Tiger ( 5614:Miquelle, D. "Tiger" in 5270:Annals of Animal Science 4421:Temminck, C. J. (1844). 3836:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 3446:into humans. Among some 3211:stereotypical behaviours 3041:Relationship with humans 2315:An 1807 illustration of 1955:Sundarbans National Park 1758:Distribution and habitat 1508:of Java and Sumatra and 1100:Panthera tigris sondaica 36:Tigress (disambiguation) 27:Large cat native to Asia 17837:Fauna of Southeast Asia 17218:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 16473:Burmese ferret-badger ( 16455:Chinese ferret-badger ( 16446:Bornean ferret badger ( 16437:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 15922:Eastern spotted skunk ( 15913:Western spotted skunk ( 15643:Leptonychotes weddellii 15285:Subantarctic fur seal ( 15231:Australasian fur seal ( 14055:Black-footed mongoose ( 14037:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 13986:White-tailed mongoose ( 13924:Indian brown mongoose ( 13906:Short-tailed mongoose ( 13897:Small Indian mongoose ( 13834:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 13807:Alexander's kusimanse ( 13783:Common dwarf mongoose ( 13750:Pousargues's mongoose ( 13612:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 13571:Grandidier's mongoose ( 12825:Arctogalidia trivirgata 12049:Sunda clouded leopard ( 11433:Werness, H. B. (2007). 10955:Environment and History 10861:Tilson & Nyhus 2010 10643:Panthera tigris altaica 10581:Paudyal, B. N. (2023). 10473:Biological Conservation 10349:10.1111/1749-4877.12168 10333:Panthera tigris altaica 10145:Kampongsun, S. (2022). 9481:Van Uhm, D. P. (2016). 9270:Biological Conservation 9194:Biological Conservation 8963:10.1111/1749-4877.12712 8584:Panthera tigris altaica 8441:10.61186/JAD.2023.5.3.5 8347:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-415.1 8246:10.1111/1749-4877.12147 8030:Biological Conservation 7987:Biological Conservation 7448:Biological Conservation 7333:Karanth, K. U. (2003). 7320:10.1093/jmammal/gyad069 7242:10.1111/1749-4877.12461 7137:10.1023/A:1020620121416 6812:10.1163/156853993X00560 6675:10.1644/09-mamm-a-293.1 6656:Panthera tigris altaica 6524:Panthera tigris altaica 6388:10.1073/pnas.1210490109 6328:Biological Conservation 6236:10.1111/1365-2664.13410 5905:10.1073/pnas.2025273118 5561:Tilson & Nyhus 2010 5446:10.1111/1749-4877.12817 5230:Tilson & Nyhus 2010 4918:(Carnivora: Felidae)". 4693:O'Brien, S. J. (2004). 4456:Hilzheimer, M. (1905). 3673:A Greek-English Lexicon 3529:International Tiger Day 3066:Bhimbetka rock shelters 2682:human–wildlife conflict 2333:Nagarhole National Park 1857:, it was documented in 1622: 1456:Panthera palaeosinensis 1404:Phylogeny of the genus 1196:The type specimen from 1163:This tiger occurred on 834:whole-genome sequencing 595:human–wildlife conflict 480:and the largest living 17059:Congo clawless otter ( 16962:Hydrictis maculicollis 16960:Spotted-necked otter ( 16919:Southern river otter ( 16870:Pteronura brasiliensis 16633:European pine marten ( 16144:South American coati ( 15872:Palawan stink badger ( 15198:New Zealand sea lion ( 14263:Japanese raccoon dog ( 13960:Crab-eating mongoose ( 13915:Indian grey mongoose ( 13538:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 13349:(bone-crushing hyenas) 13044:Central African oyan ( 12605:Chinese mountain cat ( 11791:Quotations related to 11769:) at Wikimedia Commons 11483:Cooper, J. C. (1992). 11346:. 2004. Archived from 10508:Panthera tigris tigris 10153:. IUCN. Archived from 8692:10.7589/JWD-D-20-00046 8673:Panthera tigris tigris 8422:Panthera tigris tigris 8276:Panthera tigris tigris 7881:"Responses of leopard 7418:The World of the Tiger 7265:Panthera tigris tigris 7037:Wild Cats of the World 5753:10.1098/rsif.2019.0183 5646:10.1098/rspb.2010.1734 5283:10.2478/aoas-2020-0082 5109:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686 4840:Pocock, R. I. (1929). 4814:Panthera tigris balica 4547:10.1098/rspb.2022.0617 4238:Panthera tigris tigris 4062:10.1093/molbev/msab032 3900:10.1126/sciadv.1400175 3795:Pocock, R. I. (1939). 3767:Pocock, R. I. (1929). 3700:"XX. Ferarum vocabula" 3586:: e.T15955A214862019. 3387: 3349:Chinese constellations 3296: 3235:Gunther Gebel-Williams 3168:Gunther Gebel-Williams 3099: 3095:A Bengal tiger in the 3050: 2969: 2946:Western Forest Complex 2622: 2526:, feline coronavirus, 2422: 2374: 2337:Kui Buri National Park 2320: 2271: 2192: 1946: 1927:Royal Belum State Park 1771: 1729:Simlipal National Park 1672: 1632: 1583: 849:Panthera tigris tigris 799:natural history museum 717:scientific description 561:and on the islands of 32:Tiger (disambiguation) 17611:Paleobiology Database 17299:Back-striped weasel ( 17245:Black-footed ferret ( 17017:Smooth-coated otter ( 16795:Poecilogale albinucha 16464:Javan ferret-badger ( 16350:Sumatran hog badger ( 16332:Northern hog badger ( 16026:Crab-eating raccoon ( 15931:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 15652:Lobodon carcinophagus 15388:Histriophoca fasciata 15181:Australian sea lion ( 15127:California sea lion ( 14876:American black bear ( 14618:Black-backed jackal ( 14609:Side-striped jackal ( 14449:Chrysocyon brachyurus 13873:Long-nosed mongoose ( 13146:Rusty-spotted genet ( 12983:Large-spotted civet ( 12832:Sulawesi palm civet ( 12761:Owston's palm civet ( 12335:Andean mountain cat ( 11821:Cat Specialist Group. 10414:Ecology and Evolution 10086:) Indonesia 2007-2017 10021:Aryal, R. S. (2004). 8602:10.1128/mbio.00410-13 8418:Majumder, A. (2023). 8363:, pp. 61, 66–67. 7934:Ecology and Evolution 7348:(2 & 3): 169–189. 6563:, pp. 26, 64–66. 5142:Panthera principialis 4968:Nature Communications 4883:10.1101/gr.186668.114 4462:Zoologischer Anzeiger 3726:Renaissance Quarterly 3708:On the Latin language 3698:Varro, M. T. (1938). 3621:Linnaeus, C. (1758). 3377: 3301:charismatic megafauna 3287: 3278:Further information: 3268:Cultural significance 3094: 3048: 2967: 2698:Further information: 2616: 2599:Inbreeding depression 2584:of southern Myanmar, 2559:habitat fragmentation 2478:species in India and 2417: 2372: 2314: 2262: 2183: 1951:Chitwan National Park 1944: 1937:Behaviour and ecology 1780:Indochinese Peninsula 1765: 1714:inbreeding depression 1667: 1630: 1581: 1543:Further information: 1054:Indochinese Peninsula 1010:postorbital processes 811:Greater Sunda Islands 729:Reginald Innes Pocock 610:charismatic megafauna 17852:Mammals of East Asia 17114:Long-tailed weasel ( 16692:Lyncodon patagonicus 16341:Greater hog badger ( 15863:Sunda stink badger ( 15553:Hawaiian monk seal ( 15276:Guadalupe fur seal ( 15249:Antarctic fur seal ( 15240:Galápagos fur seal ( 15136:Galápagos sea lion ( 14254:Common raccoon dog ( 14106:Cape gray mongoose ( 14046:Jackson's mongoose ( 14006:Paracynictis selousi 13997:Cynictis penicillata 13621:Durrell's vontsira ( 13209:Giant forest genet ( 13001:Large Indian civet ( 12941:Small Indian civet ( 12550:Sunda leopard cat ( 12326:Southern tiger cat ( 12262:African golden cat ( 11939:African palm civet ( 11028:10.2461/wbp.2013.9.6 9727:"Living with tigers 9043:: e.T15965A5334628. 8720:Conservation Biology 8375:, pp. 270, 276. 8334:Journal of Mammalogy 7308:Journal of Mammalogy 6662:Journal of Mammalogy 5298:"Genomic Imprinting" 4753:Schwarz, E. (1912). 4632:) of Southeast Asia" 4314:. 1804–1811: 39–159. 4306:Illiger, C. (1815). 3524:List of largest cats 2508:feline panleukopenia 2498:species in Siberia. 2377:The tiger generally 2345:Rajaji National Park 1839:tropical dry forests 1687:-brown stripes. The 1533:Last Glacial Maximum 832:. Results of a 2018 557:, in large areas of 534:and preys mainly on 17832:Fauna of South Asia 17157:M. aistoodonnivalis 16993:Hairy-nosed otter ( 16910:Neotropical otter ( 16690:Patagonian weasel ( 16153:White-nosed coati ( 15353:Cystophora cristata 15344:Erignathus barbatus 15077:Northern fur seal ( 14854:Helarctos malayanus 14490:Atelocynus microtis 14197:U. cinereoargenteus 14088:Egyptian mongoose ( 14015:Rhynchogale melleri 14013:Meller's mongoose ( 14004:Selous's mongoose ( 13988:Ichneumia albicauda 13942:Collared mongoose ( 13816:Angolan kusimanse ( 13700:Liberian mongoose ( 13053:West African oyan ( 12952:Civettictis civetta 12883:Golden palm civet ( 12841:Masked palm civet ( 12816:Arctictis binturong 12790:Hemigalus derbyanus 12788:Banded palm civet ( 12779:Hose's palm civet ( 12568:Rusty-spotted cat ( 11473:, pp. 156, 164 11387:2018PLoSO..1399149A 11263:, pp. 204–205. 11216:, pp. 140–141. 11204:, pp. 202–204. 11094:, pp. 126–130. 11082:, pp. 179–180. 11057:, pp. 111–113. 10919:, pp. 108–110. 10882:Integrative Zoology 10802:, pp. 187–200. 10771:2008CBio...18..592L 10732:2017BiCon..26.2383G 10659:2021BioBu..48.1401R 10647:Biological Bulletin 10560:2023JNatC..7626501R 10524:2024EMdAs..29..405R 10485:2020BCons.25208848H 10426:2023EcoEv..1310140B 10406:"Connecting tiger ( 10337:Integrative Zoology 10237:2018GEcoC..1300382H 10190:2006EnMan..37...30L 10157:on 11 November 2023 10120:Political Geography 9786:2020AnCon..23..741L 9774:Animal Conservation 9595:2020GEcoC..2200960D 9554:2023ConSP...5E2952U 9458:2022ConSP...4E.622K 9399:2023GeoJo..88..753N 9358:2020ConSP...2E.247P 9282:2015BCons.182....1N 9231:Moschus moschiferus 9206:2018BCons.219..105L 9169:2019GEcoC..2000766R 9085:2021PeoNa...3..281J 8951:Integrative Zoology 8916:2019ESPol..94....9D 8865:2017RemS....9..747S 8824:2021GEcoC..2901718S 8732:2022ConBi..36E3909S 8525:Pandey, G. (2011). 8391:Nature Conservation 8234:Integrative Zoology 8042:2018BCons.219..119T 7999:2013BCons.163...68S 7946:2021EcoEv..11.4774B 7905:2011JApEc..48..806H 7858:2010EcoR...25..875O 7846:Ecological Research 7815:1995JAnEc..64..439K 7693:, pp. 297–300. 7657:, pp. 295–296. 7508:, pp. 284–285. 7460:2015BCons.192...57F 7281:2023FWebs..3400268V 7230:Integrative Zoology 7172:, pp. 256–258. 7160:, pp. 257–258. 7098:, pp. 258–261. 7002:, pp. 262–263. 6978:, pp. 244–251. 6859:2008JCEco..34..659B 6739:2013PLoSO...877980J 6493:2019Ecosc..26....1P 6438:2016PLoSO..1152119N 6379:2012PNAS..10915360C 6373:(38): 15360–15365. 6340:2015BCons.184...18R 6303:2021ConSP...3E.560P 6264:2009PopEc..51..115L 6227:2019JApEc..56.1725B 6168:2011PLoSO...625931W 6068:Zoological Research 6041:(13): 12833–12836. 5976:, pp. 108–112. 5896:2021PNAS..11825273S 5890:(39): e2025273118. 5844:Xavier, N. (2010). 5640:(1710): 1373–1380. 5438:Integrative Zoology 5195:2023HBio...35..293J 5159:2023PdPe..103..465H 5050:2011PLoSO...625483M 4980:2013NatCo...4.2433C 4932:2010MolPE..56...64D 4651:2006MamBi..71..268M 4497:2023NatEE...7.1914S 4355:2009PLoSO...4.4125D 4285:2010MamBi..75...45M 4012:2018CBio...28E3840L 3892:2015SciA....1E0175W 3398:, the tiger is the 3243:Siegfried & Roy 3197:. The Mongol ruler 3024:of prey species in 3018:habitat restoration 3012:problem tigers and 2986:Terai Arc Landscape 2706: 2638:units in Sumatra's 2555:Habitat destruction 2451:Health and diseases 2269:Kanha Tiger Reserve 2245:Indian rhinoceroses 1999:Panna Tiger Reserve 1776:Indian subcontinent 1720:in captive tigers. 1718:genetic variability 1453:The fossil species 1105: 1022:extinct in the wild 883:Indian subcontinent 854: 579:habitat destruction 524:Indian subcontinent 153:Conservation status 144:Kanha Tiger Reserve 17272:European polecat ( 17105:Colombian weasel ( 16755:(African polecats) 16383:Caucasian badger ( 16311:(Eurasian badgers) 15761:(hog-nosed skunks) 15498:("southern seals") 15397:Halichoerus grypus 15328:("northern seals") 15200:Phocarctos hookeri 15105:Eumetopias jubatus 15103:Steller sea lion ( 14885:Asian black bear ( 14635:African wild dog ( 14589:(wolf-like canids) 13866:Atilax paludinosus 13825:Common kusimanse ( 13752:Dologale dybowskii 13724:Gambian mongoose ( 13508:Western falanouc ( 13499:Eastern falanouc ( 13468:Cryptoprocta ferox 13373:Parahyaena brunnea 13128:Johnston's genet ( 13083:Abyssinian genet ( 13035:(African linsangs) 12943:Viverricula indica 12874:Brown palm civet ( 12865:Asian palm civet ( 12772:Cynogale bennettii 12763:Chrotogale owstoni 12659:European wildcat ( 12650:Black-footed cat ( 12240:Leptailurus serval 12208:Asian golden cat ( 11974:(Asiatic linsangs) 11647:Mills, S. (2004). 11587:Green, S. (2006). 11460:, pp. 39, 46. 11350:on 20 January 2008 10863:, pp. 125–142 10435:10.1002/ece3.10140 9623:Henry, L. (2020). 9563:10.1111/csp2.12952 9094:10.1002/pan3.10177 9021:Nyhus, P. (2008). 8741:10.1111/cobi.13909 8503:, pp. 59, 89. 7776:Journal of Zoology 7706:Biological Reviews 7416:Perry, R. (1965). 7200:Journal of Zoology 6528:Journal of Zoology 6252:Population Ecology 6004:, pp. 265–267 5806:10.1038/cr.2017.32 5590:, pp. 99–102. 5370:Mazák, V. (1981). 5183:Historical Biology 5103:(1774): 20132686. 4988:10.1038/ncomms3433 4816:(Schwarz, 1912)". 4784:Mazak, V. (2004). 3480:, while the tiger 3388: 3378:The Hindu goddess 3297: 3193:hunts and used to 3100: 3051: 2982:Wildlife corridors 2970: 2704: 2700:21st Century Tiger 2694:Tiger conservation 2623: 2603:Changbai Mountains 2582:Tanintharyi Region 2570:transmission lines 2524:feline herpesvirus 2512:feline coronavirus 2423: 2375: 2321: 2277:bite to the throat 2272: 2193: 1947: 1931:selectively logged 1902:population density 1889:Population density 1879:peat swamp forests 1772: 1733:population genetic 1673: 1668:Pseudo-melanistic 1633: 1584: 1448:repeated sequences 1098: 1076:(Luo et al., 2004) 847: 603:wildlife corridors 530:. The tiger is an 484:species native to 17719: 17718: 17598:Open Tree of Life 17336:Taxon identifiers 17327: 17326: 17323: 17322: 17319: 17318: 17315: 17314: 17311: 17310: 17290:Siberian weasel ( 17281:American ermine ( 17209:Japanese weasel ( 17164:Mountain weasel ( 17148: 17071: 17070: 16857: 16842: 16841: 16838: 16837: 16826:Striped polecat ( 16776:Marbled polecat ( 16758: 16743: 16742: 16715: 16663: 16662: 16642:Japanese marten ( 16588:American marten ( 16581: 16439:M. cucphuongensis 16430: 16413: 16412: 16401:European badger ( 16374:Japanese badger ( 16314: 16267:American badger ( 16230: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16202: 16201: 16198: 16197: 16126: 16085:Northern olingo ( 16069: 16044:Cozumel raccoon ( 16019: 15943: 15942: 15897: 15856: 15764: 15745: 15687: 15686: 15683: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15675: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15661:Ommatophoca rossi 15634:Hydrurga leptonyx 15621: 15618:(Antarctic seals) 15591:M. angustirostris 15582: 15565: 15564: 15531:Monachus monachus 15518: 15501: 15486: 15485: 15482: 15481: 15331: 15314: 15297: 15296: 15159:Otaria flavescens 15148: 15147: 15059: 15027:Odobenus rosmarus 14991: 14990: 14987: 14986: 14983: 14982: 14979: 14978: 14942: 14919: 14918: 14915: 14914: 14817:Spectacled bear ( 14775: 14751: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14743: 14742: 14591: 14578: 14577: 14497:Crab-eating fox ( 14488:Short-eared dog ( 14436: 14421: 14408: 14407: 14290: 14232:Otocyon megalotis 14176: 14143: 14142: 14139: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14127: 14126: 13995:Yellow mongoose ( 13846: 13845: 13733:Banded mongoose ( 13702:Liberiictus kuhni 13656: 13637: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13520: 13519: 13446: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13406: 13351: 13312: 13278: 13277: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13242: 13241: 13238: 13237: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13229: 13182:Servaline genet ( 13101:Bourlon's genet ( 13076: 13037: 13013: 13012: 12895: 12894: 12867:P. hermaphroditus 12719: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12687: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12675: 12674: 12671: 12670: 12632:African wildcat ( 12589: 12588: 12559:Flat-headed cat ( 12499: 12498: 12283: 12282: 12220: 12219: 12134: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12058:Clouded leopard ( 12017: 11992:Spotted linsang ( 11976: 11941:Nandinia binotata 11759:Media related to 11740:978-90-04-08876-4 11639:978-0-08-094751-8 11617:978-0-7607-1969-5 11598:978-1-86189-276-8 11494:978-1-85538-118-6 11181:10.1002/zoo.21361 11145:10.1002/zoo.21746 10943:, pp. 73–74. 10726:(10): 2383–2399. 9794:10.1111/acv.12591 9073:People and Nature 8874:10.3390/rs9070747 8515:, pp. 55–56. 8480:10.1002/zoo.21610 8167:, pp. 50–51. 7954:10.1002/ece3.7380 7718:10.1111/brv.12998 7046:978-0-226-77999-7 7033:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 6966:, pp. 85–86. 6827:, pp. 54–55. 6540:10.1111/jzo.12622 6115:"How many tigers 5746:(154): 20190183. 5513:978-0-8018-5789-8 5380:Mammalian Species 4795:978-3-89432-759-0 4639:Mammalian Biology 4491:(11): 1914–1929. 4273:Mammalian Biology 4189:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 4006:(23): 3840–3849. 3849:978-0-8018-8221-0 3822:Wozencraft, W. C. 3650:, Linnaeus, 1758" 3408:Greco-Roman world 3337:Year of the Tiger 3329:Chinese astrology 3031:breeding programs 2914: 2913: 2533:Toxoplasma gondii 2520:canine parvovirus 2465:Taenia pisiformis 2432:Generation length 2319:attacking a tiger 2252:and supplements. 2209:Manchurian wapiti 2120: 1855:Eastern Himalayas 1766:Camera trap of a 1752:genetic isolation 1660:Colour variations 1599:and a lengthened 1487:P. palaeosinensis 1474:Panthera zdanskyi 1416: 1415: 1398: 1397: 1389: 1388: 1380: 1379: 1371: 1370: 1288: 1287: 1215: 1214: 1096: 1095: 1037:Indochinese tiger 977:South China tiger 818:mitochondrial DNA 725:Ulisse Aldrovandi 626:appear in culture 462: 461: 456: 445: 434: 391:P. t. trinilensis 193: 176: 16:(Redirected from 17909: 17784: 17783: 17772: 17771: 17760: 17759: 17748: 17747: 17736: 17735: 17727: 17712: 17711: 17699: 17698: 17686: 17685: 17673: 17672: 17671: 17645: 17644: 17632: 17631: 17619: 17618: 17606: 17605: 17593: 17592: 17580: 17579: 17567: 17566: 17564:NHMSYS0000377066 17554: 17553: 17541: 17540: 17528: 17527: 17515: 17514: 17502: 17501: 17489: 17488: 17476: 17475: 17463: 17462: 17450: 17449: 17437: 17436: 17427: 17426: 17414: 17413: 17401: 17400: 17391: 17390: 17378: 17377: 17376: 17363: 17362: 17361: 17331: 17330: 17263:Malayan weasel ( 17182:Steppe polecat ( 17155:Sichuan weasel ( 17147: 17146: 17142: 17082: 17081: 17019:L. perspicillata 16984:Eurasian otter ( 16861: 16860: 16856: 16855: 16851: 16762: 16761: 16757: 16756: 16752: 16731:Greater grison ( 16714: 16713: 16709: 16683: 16682: 16674: 16673: 16624:Nilgiri marten ( 16597:Pacific marten ( 16580: 16579: 16575: 16501: 16500: 16484:M. subaurantiaca 16429: 16428: 16427:(ferret-badgers) 16424: 16318: 16317: 16313: 16312: 16308: 16260: 16259: 16249: 16248: 16236: 16235: 16130: 16129: 16125: 16124: 16120: 16068: 16067: 16063: 16018: 16017: 16013: 15954: 15953: 15896: 15895: 15894:(spotted skunks) 15891: 15855: 15854: 15850: 15763: 15762: 15758: 15749: 15748: 15744: 15743: 15735: 15706: 15705: 15693: 15692: 15650:Crabeater seal ( 15625: 15624: 15620: 15619: 15615: 15581: 15580: 15579:(elephant seals) 15576: 15555:N. schauinslandi 15522: 15521: 15517: 15516: 15512: 15505: 15504: 15500: 15499: 15495: 15370: 15369: 15335: 15334: 15330: 15329: 15325: 15318: 15317: 15313: 15312: 15306: 15267:Brown fur seal ( 15242:A. galapagoensis 15129:Z. californianus 15096: 15095: 15063: 15062: 15058: 15057: 15043: 15013: 15012: 15005: 14997: 14996: 14941: 14940: 14936: 14930: 14929: 14845:Melursus ursinus 14836: 14835: 14779: 14778: 14774: 14771: 14764: 14763: 14731:Ethiopian wolf ( 14595: 14594: 14590: 14587: 14440: 14439: 14435: 14432: 14425: 14424: 14420: 14417: 14306:Blanford's fox ( 14289: 14282: 14223: 14222: 14181: 14180: 14175: 14172: 14165: 14164: 14157: 14149: 14148: 13951:Ruddy mongoose ( 13933:Javan mongoose ( 13864:Marsh mongoose ( 13857: 13856: 13836:C. platycephalus 13669: 13668: 13660: 13659: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13531: 13530: 13475:Malagasy civet ( 13459: 13458: 13450: 13449: 13445: 13440: 13433: 13432: 13428: 13355: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13316: 13315: 13311: 13308: 13301: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13284: 13283: 13248: 13247: 13075: 13072: 13036: 13033: 13024: 13023: 12934: 12933: 12930: 12919: 12918: 12914: 12901: 12900: 12807: 12806: 12749: 12748: 12738: 12737: 12725: 12724: 12519:Otocolobus manul 12510: 12509: 12432: 12431: 12308:Geoffroy's cat ( 12231: 12230: 12161: 12160: 12152: 12151: 12147: 12035: 12034: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12016: 12013: 12006: 12005: 11983:Banded linsang ( 11975: 11972: 11964: 11963: 11953: 11952: 11932: 11931: 11921: 11920: 11913: 11905: 11904: 11850: 11843: 11836: 11827: 11826: 11822: 11802: 11790: 11777:Data related to 11776: 11758: 11744: 11713: 11688: 11664: 11643: 11621: 11602: 11583: 11550: 11544: 11538: 11532: 11523: 11517: 11511: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11480: 11474: 11467: 11461: 11455: 11449: 11448: 11430: 11419: 11418: 11408: 11398: 11366: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11355: 11334: 11328: 11327: 11325: 11323: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11251: 11223: 11217: 11211: 11205: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11164: 11158: 11157: 11147: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11101: 11095: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11071: 11064: 11058: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11039: 11031: 11007: 11001: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10978: 10950: 10944: 10938: 10932: 10926: 10920: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10897: 10873: 10864: 10849: 10840: 10834: 10828: 10827: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10753: 10744: 10743: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10653:(8): 1401–1423. 10637: 10631: 10630: 10620: 10611: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10594: 10587: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10542: 10536: 10535: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10447: 10437: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10257: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10162: 10142: 10136: 10135: 10115: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10098: 10091: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10059: 10052: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10018: 10009: 10008: 10006: 9993: 9984: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9967: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9950: 9943: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9906: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9868: 9861: 9850: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9828: 9804: 9798: 9797: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9750: 9722: 9716: 9715: 9709: 9701: 9699: 9679: 9673: 9672: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9620: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9533: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9493: 9487: 9486: 9478: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9467:10.1111/csp2.622 9437: 9431: 9430: 9420: 9410: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367:10.1111/csp2.247 9337: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9320: 9313: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9129: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9064: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8927: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8876: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8770: 8764: 8763: 8753: 8743: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8694: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8642:(4): 1252–1256. 8630: 8624: 8623: 8613: 8577: 8571: 8565: 8559: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8465: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8321: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8269: 8258: 8257: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8100: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8067: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8017: 8011: 8010: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7965: 7940:(9): 4774–4785. 7925: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7759: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7712:(6): 2114–2135. 7700: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7439: 7430: 7429: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7396: 7374:(8): 2852–2862. 7365: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7339: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7314:(6): 1302–1316. 7299: 7293: 7292: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7024: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6919:Animal Behaviour 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6878: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6795: 6786: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6750: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6449: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6400: 6390: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312:10.1111/csp2.560 6282: 6276: 6275: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6221:(7): 1725–1740. 6206: 6200: 6199: 6189: 6179: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6093: 6083: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6011: 6005: 5997: 5991: 5990:, pp. 71–99 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5937: 5928: 5927: 5917: 5907: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5850: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5817: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5765: 5755: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5657: 5625: 5619: 5618:, pp. 18–21 5612: 5591: 5585: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5563:, pp. 19−34 5557: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5391: 5367: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5261: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5233: 5232:, pp. 53–84 5226: 5215: 5214: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5120: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5071: 5061: 5029: 5018: 5017: 5007: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4750: 4741: 4740: 4730: 4720: 4689: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4667: 4636: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4558: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4453: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4418: 4405: 4404:, pp. xv–xx 4398: 4387: 4386: 4376: 4366: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4244: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4214: 4193: 4180: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4130: 4120: 4095: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4056:(6): 2366–2379. 4040: 4034: 4033: 4023: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3974: 3963: 3953: 3940: 3939:, pp. 19–39 3933: 3922: 3921: 3911: 3880:Science Advances 3871: 3862: 3861: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3792: 3781: 3780: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3704:De lingua latina 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3618: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3565: 3416:Korean mythology 3382:riding a tiger. 3305:Kailash Sankhala 3173: 3163: 3145: 2918:CITES Appendix I 2889: 2888: 2871: 2870: 2853: 2852: 2835: 2834: 2817: 2816: 2799: 2798: 2781: 2780: 2763: 2762: 2745: 2744: 2727: 2726: 2707: 2703: 2675:Ho Chi Minh City 2500:Canine distemper 2458:Diphyllobothrium 2176:Hunting and diet 2142:flehmen response 2122: 2121: 2100: 2035: 2022: 1859:temperate forest 1847:mangrove forests 1815:riparian forests 1784:Russian Far East 1650:Fourier analysis 1617:insular dwarfism 1408:based on a 2016 1362: 1342: 1329: 1328: 1315: 1302: 1301: 1279: 1259: 1246: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1211: 1193: 1175: 1160: 1141: 1130: 1129:(Temminck, 1944) 1106: 1104: 1103:(Temminck, 1844) 1097: 1092: 1077: 1063: 1049: 1031: 989: 971: 954:Russian Far East 949: 931: 917: 896: 878: 877:(Linnaeus, 1758) 855: 853: 852:(Linnaeus, 1758) 846: 704:and gave it the 665: 512:Russian Far East 451: 440: 426: 404: 388: 378: 368: 331: 208: 207: 187: 170: 165: 164: 133: 123: 53: 49:Temporal range: 43: 42: 21: 17917: 17916: 17912: 17911: 17910: 17908: 17907: 17906: 17792: 17791: 17790: 17778: 17766: 17754: 17742: 17730: 17722: 17720: 17715: 17707: 17702: 17694: 17689: 17681: 17676: 17667: 17666: 17661: 17648: 17640: 17635: 17627: 17622: 17614: 17609: 17601: 17596: 17588: 17585:Observation.org 17583: 17575: 17570: 17562: 17557: 17549: 17544: 17536: 17531: 17523: 17518: 17510: 17505: 17497: 17492: 17484: 17479: 17471: 17466: 17458: 17453: 17445: 17440: 17432: 17430: 17422: 17417: 17409: 17404: 17396: 17394: 17388:Panthera_tigris 17386: 17381: 17374:Panthera tigris 17372: 17371: 17366: 17357: 17356: 17351: 17344:Panthera tigris 17338: 17328: 17307: 17283:M. richardsonii 17227:European mink ( 17144: 17143: 17141: 17131: 17123:American mink ( 17096:Amazon weasel ( 17067: 17025: 17001: 16968: 16951: 16927: 16876: 16853: 16852: 16850: 16834: 16801: 16784: 16754: 16753: 16751: 16739: 16722:Lesser grison ( 16711: 16710: 16708: 16698: 16659: 16577: 16576: 16574: 16564: 16540: 16516: 16490: 16426: 16425: 16423: 16409: 16358: 16310: 16309: 16307: 16299: 16275: 16256: 16243: 16222: 16194: 16161: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16111: 16065: 16064: 16062: 16052: 16015: 16014: 16012: 16002: 15969: 15939: 15906:S. angustifrons 15893: 15892: 15890: 15880: 15853:(stink badgers) 15852: 15851: 15849: 15839: 15831:Striped skunk ( 15806: 15800:C. semistriatus 15760: 15759: 15757: 15737: 15736: 15734: 15726: 15720:Ailurus fulgens 15700: 15667: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15606: 15578: 15577: 15575: 15561: 15537: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15478: 15436: 15403: 15359: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15310: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15293: 15206: 15189: 15165: 15144: 15111: 15085: 15052: 15047: 15045: 15044: 15042: 15038: 15033: 15007: 15003: 14975: 14955: 14938: 14937: 14911: 14860: 14825: 14801: 14772: 14770: 14760: 14739: 14668:Golden jackal ( 14652: 14626: 14588: 14586: 14574: 14505: 14499:Cerdocyon thous 14479: 14455: 14433: 14431: 14418: 14416: 14404: 14369:Rüppell's fox ( 14283: 14281: 14271: 14256:N. procyonoides 14238: 14230:Bat-eared fox ( 14212: 14177: 14173: 14159: 14155: 14123: 14108:H. pulverulenta 14063: 14021: 13977: 13944:U. semitorquata 13899:U. auropunctata 13881: 13842: 13791: 13758: 13741: 13708: 13691: 13653: 13651: 13646: 13645: 13629: 13596: 13579: 13546: 13540:Galidia elegans 13516: 13483: 13443: 13441: 13439: 13429: 13424: 13403: 13395:Spotted hyena ( 13379: 13362:Striped hyena ( 13348: 13346: 13338: 13309: 13307: 13291: 13266: 13226: 13164:Aquatic genet ( 13155:Pardine genet ( 13092:Angolan genet ( 13073: 13071: 13061: 13046:P. richardsonii 13034: 13032: 13009: 12992:Malayan civet ( 12958: 12950:African civet ( 12926: 12925: 12915: 12910: 12909: 12905: 12891: 12849: 12796: 12781:Diplogale hosei 12745: 12732: 12707: 12667: 12585: 12525: 12505: 12495: 12471: 12454: 12427: 12421: 12395:Eurasian lynx ( 12370: 12279: 12246: 12226: 12216: 12183: 12156: 12148: 12143: 12126: 12066: 12018: 12014: 12000: 11973: 11960: 11947: 11928: 11915: 11911: 11899: 11861: 11854: 11813:Panthera tigris 11809: 11780:Panthera tigris 11762:Panthera tigris 11751: 11741: 11723:Linnaeus, 1758" 11721:Panthera tigris 11710: 11696:, eds. (1999). 11685: 11669:Schaller, G. B. 11661: 11640: 11629:Panthera tigris 11618: 11599: 11580: 11559: 11554: 11553: 11545: 11541: 11533: 11526: 11518: 11514: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11481: 11477: 11468: 11464: 11456: 11452: 11445: 11431: 11422: 11381:(7): e0199149. 11367: 11363: 11353: 11351: 11343:The Independent 11336: 11335: 11331: 11321: 11319: 11314: 11313: 11309: 11299: 11297: 11284: 11283: 11279: 11271: 11267: 11259: 11255: 11224: 11220: 11212: 11208: 11200: 11196: 11165: 11161: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11103: 11102: 11098: 11090: 11086: 11078: 11074: 11065: 11061: 11053: 11049: 11033: 11032: 11012:Panthera tigris 11008: 11004: 10996: 10992: 10951: 10947: 10939: 10935: 10927: 10923: 10915: 10911: 10874: 10867: 10853:Panthera tigris 10850: 10843: 10835: 10831: 10824: 10810: 10806: 10798: 10794: 10759:Current Biology 10754: 10747: 10716:Panthera tigris 10712: 10708: 10678: 10674: 10638: 10634: 10618: 10612: 10608: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10579: 10575: 10543: 10539: 10504: 10500: 10469:Panthera tigris 10465: 10461: 10408:Panthera tigris 10402: 10398: 10368: 10364: 10328: 10324: 10307: 10303: 10288: 10284: 10274: 10272: 10258: 10254: 10217: 10213: 10174: 10170: 10160: 10158: 10149:Panthera tigris 10147:"The future of 10143: 10139: 10116: 10112: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10089: 10077: 10073: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10050: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10019: 10012: 9994: 9987: 9979: 9975: 9968: 9964: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9933: 9929: 9919: 9917: 9908: 9907: 9882: 9872: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9851: 9844: 9805: 9801: 9770: 9766: 9729:Panthera tigris 9723: 9719: 9703: 9702: 9697:10.4137/EHI.S24 9680: 9676: 9652: 9648: 9638: 9636: 9621: 9612: 9575: 9571: 9534: 9527: 9500:Panthera tigris 9494: 9490: 9479: 9475: 9438: 9434: 9379: 9375: 9338: 9334: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9311: 9303: 9299: 9262: 9258: 9225: 9221: 9190: 9186: 9149: 9145: 9106: 9102: 9065: 9058: 9025:Panthera tigris 9019: 9015: 8982: 8978: 8957:(6): 994–1008. 8947: 8943: 8896: 8892: 8845: 8841: 8804: 8800: 8771: 8767: 8712: 8708: 8667: 8663: 8631: 8627: 8578: 8574: 8566: 8562: 8554: 8550: 8540: 8538: 8523: 8519: 8511: 8507: 8499: 8495: 8463: 8459:Panthera tigris 8453: 8449: 8416: 8412: 8383: 8379: 8371: 8367: 8359: 8355: 8328:Panthera tigris 8322: 8315: 8307: 8303: 8270: 8261: 8230: 8226: 8207:Mammal Research 8202: 8198: 8190: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8107:in Rajasthan". 8105:Panthera tigris 8101: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8068: 8059: 8024:Panthera tigris 8018: 8014: 7983: 7979: 7926: 7922: 7887:Panthera tigris 7883:Panthera pardus 7877: 7873: 7842: 7838: 7799: 7795: 7768:Panthera pardus 7764:Panthera tigris 7760: 7753: 7745: 7741: 7701: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7665: 7661: 7653: 7649: 7620: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7577: 7569: 7565: 7557: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7533: 7529: 7521: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7492: 7485: 7440: 7433: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7337: 7331: 7327: 7304:Panthera tigris 7300: 7296: 7261: 7257: 7226: 7219: 7196:Panthera tigris 7192: 7188: 7180: 7176: 7168: 7164: 7156: 7152: 7121: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7047: 7031:Panthera tigris 7025: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6958: 6950: 6946: 6915:Panthera tigris 6911: 6907: 6897: 6895: 6841:Panthera tigris 6835: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6796: 6789: 6781: 6774: 6721:Panthera tigris 6715: 6711: 6692:Mammal Research 6687: 6683: 6650: 6646: 6615:Panthera tigris 6611: 6604: 6577:Panthera tigris 6571: 6567: 6559: 6555: 6520: 6516: 6477: 6473: 6432:(4): e0152119. 6418: 6414: 6359: 6355: 6324: 6320: 6283: 6279: 6248: 6244: 6207: 6203: 6148: 6144: 6117:Panthera tigris 6111: 6107: 6060: 6056: 6027: 6023: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5938: 5931: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5853:Current Science 5848: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5789: 5783: 5779: 5732: 5728: 5702: 5698: 5675: 5671: 5626: 5622: 5613: 5594: 5586: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5558: 5543: 5527: 5526: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5498:Panthera tigris 5492: 5488: 5480: 5476: 5468: 5461: 5433: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5389:10.2307/3504004 5374:Panthera tigris 5368: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5218: 5178: 5174: 5138: 5134: 5089: 5085: 5030: 5021: 4959: 4955: 4912: 4908: 4871:Genome Research 4863: 4859: 4838: 4831: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4782: 4778: 4765:(57): 324–326. 4751: 4744: 4697:Panthera tigris 4690: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4634: 4630:Panthera tigris 4624: 4613: 4579: 4572: 4527: 4520: 4480: 4473: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4419: 4408: 4399: 4390: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4304: 4300: 4269:Panthera tigris 4265: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4191: 4187:Panthera tigris 4181: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4096: 4087: 4041: 4037: 4000:Current Biology 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3961: 3954: 3943: 3934: 3925: 3886:(5): e1400175. 3872: 3865: 3850: 3828:Panthera tigris 3819: 3812: 3799:Panthera tigris 3793: 3784: 3765: 3761: 3732:(3): 977–1006. 3722: 3715: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3648:Panthera tigris 3642: 3638: 3619: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3572:Panthera tigris 3566: 3547: 3542: 3520: 3514:cereal mascot. 3504:Winnie-the-Pooh 3491:The Jungle Book 3486:Rudyard Kipling 3313:Western culture 3282: 3276: 3270: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3135: 3115:Champawat Tiger 3089: 3083: 3062: 3056: 3043: 2883: 2865: 2847: 2829: 2811: 2793: 2775: 2757: 2739: 2721: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2542: 2453: 2428:sexually mature 2365: 2358: 2309: 2241:Asian elephants 2195:The tiger is a 2178: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2090: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2023: 1983: 1939: 1894:Camera trapping 1891: 1883:montane forests 1843:alluvial plains 1760: 1739:is caused by a 1677:colour variants 1662: 1625: 1576: 1574:Characteristics 1551: 1549:Panthera hybrid 1541: 1524:phylogeographic 1511:P. t. acutidens 1505:P. t. soloensis 1481:likely to be a 1399: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1289: 1220: 1183: 1150: 1124: 1102: 1071: 1039: 982:P. t. amoyensis 979: 958:Northeast China 939: 907: 872: 851: 791:Sumatran tigers 747: 739:Panthera tigris 711:, as the genus 706:scientific name 701:Systema Naturae 692: 659:Classical Greek 634: 547:locally extinct 516:Northeast China 471:Panthera tigris 438:Tigris striatus 381:P. t. soloensis 371:P. t. acutidens 340: 333: 329:Panthera tigris 327: 314: 202: 194: 177: 166: 162: 155: 124: 122: 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 51: 50: 47: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17915: 17905: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17842:Felids of Asia 17839: 17834: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17807:Apex predators 17804: 17789: 17788: 17776: 17764: 17752: 17740: 17717: 17716: 17714: 17713: 17700: 17687: 17674: 17658: 17656: 17650: 17649: 17647: 17646: 17633: 17620: 17607: 17594: 17581: 17568: 17555: 17542: 17529: 17516: 17503: 17490: 17477: 17464: 17451: 17438: 17428: 17415: 17402: 17392: 17379: 17364: 17348: 17346: 17340: 17339: 17325: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17317: 17316: 17313: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17306: 17305: 17301:M. strigidorsa 17296: 17287: 17278: 17269: 17260: 17254:Least weasel ( 17251: 17242: 17233: 17224: 17215: 17206: 17200:Haida ermine ( 17197: 17188: 17184:M. eversmannii 17179: 17170: 17161: 17151: 17149: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17129: 17120: 17111: 17102: 17092: 17090: 17079: 17073: 17072: 17069: 17068: 17066: 17065: 17056: 17047: 17037: 17035: 17027: 17026: 17024: 17023: 17013: 17011: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16999: 16990: 16980: 16978: 16970: 16969: 16967: 16966: 16956: 16953: 16952: 16950: 16949: 16939: 16937: 16929: 16928: 16926: 16925: 16916: 16912:L. longicaudis 16907: 16901:Marine otter ( 16898: 16888: 16886: 16878: 16877: 16875: 16874: 16864: 16858: 16844: 16843: 16840: 16839: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16832: 16823: 16813: 16811: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16799: 16789: 16786: 16785: 16783: 16782: 16772: 16770: 16759: 16745: 16744: 16741: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16728: 16718: 16716: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16696: 16686: 16680: 16671: 16665: 16664: 16661: 16660: 16658: 16657: 16648: 16639: 16630: 16621: 16615:Beech marten ( 16612: 16603: 16594: 16584: 16582: 16566: 16565: 16563: 16562: 16552: 16550: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16538: 16528: 16526: 16518: 16517: 16515: 16514: 16504: 16498: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16488: 16479: 16470: 16461: 16452: 16443: 16433: 16431: 16415: 16414: 16411: 16410: 16408: 16407: 16398: 16392:Asian badger ( 16389: 16380: 16370: 16368: 16360: 16359: 16357: 16356: 16347: 16338: 16334:A. albogularis 16328: 16326: 16315: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16291:Honey badger ( 16287: 16285: 16277: 16276: 16274: 16273: 16263: 16257: 16252: 16245: 16244: 16232: 16231: 16228: 16227: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16220: 16219: 16218: 16212: 16210: 16204: 16203: 16200: 16199: 16196: 16195: 16193: 16192: 16183: 16173: 16171: 16163: 16162: 16160: 16159: 16150: 16140: 16138: 16127: 16113: 16112: 16110: 16109: 16100: 16091: 16082: 16072: 16070: 16054: 16053: 16051: 16050: 16041: 16032: 16028:P. cancrivorus 16022: 16020: 16004: 16003: 16001: 16000: 15996:B. sumichrasti 15991: 15981: 15979: 15971: 15970: 15968: 15967: 15957: 15951: 15945: 15944: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15937: 15928: 15919: 15910: 15900: 15898: 15882: 15881: 15879: 15878: 15869: 15859: 15857: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15828: 15822:Hooded skunk ( 15818: 15816: 15808: 15807: 15805: 15804: 15795: 15786: 15777: 15767: 15765: 15746: 15728: 15727: 15725: 15724: 15714: 15712: 15702: 15701: 15689: 15688: 15685: 15684: 15681: 15680: 15677: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15669: 15668: 15666: 15665: 15656: 15647: 15641:Weddell seal ( 15638: 15632:Leopard seal ( 15628: 15622: 15608: 15607: 15605: 15604: 15595: 15585: 15583: 15567: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15559: 15549: 15547: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15535: 15525: 15519: 15502: 15488: 15487: 15484: 15483: 15480: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15467: 15458: 15452:Caspian seal ( 15448: 15446: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15434: 15425: 15419:Spotted seal ( 15415: 15413: 15405: 15404: 15402: 15401: 15392: 15383: 15373: 15367: 15361: 15360: 15358: 15357: 15348: 15342:Bearded seal ( 15338: 15332: 15315: 15311:or true seals) 15309:(earless seals 15299: 15298: 15295: 15294: 15292: 15291: 15282: 15273: 15264: 15255: 15246: 15237: 15228: 15218: 15216: 15208: 15207: 15205: 15204: 15194: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15187: 15177: 15175: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15163: 15153: 15150: 15149: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15142: 15133: 15123: 15121: 15113: 15112: 15110: 15109: 15099: 15093: 15087: 15086: 15084: 15083: 15073: 15071: 15060: 15035: 15034: 15032: 15031: 15021: 15019: 15009: 15008: 14993: 14992: 14989: 14988: 14985: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14973: 14972: 14971: 14965: 14963: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14951: 14945: 14943: 14927: 14921: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14909: 14900: 14891: 14882: 14872: 14870: 14862: 14861: 14859: 14858: 14849: 14839: 14833: 14827: 14826: 14824: 14823: 14813: 14811: 14803: 14802: 14800: 14799: 14795:A. melanoleuca 14789: 14787: 14776: 14761: 14756: 14753: 14752: 14749: 14748: 14745: 14744: 14741: 14740: 14738: 14737: 14728: 14719: 14713:Eastern wolf ( 14710: 14701: 14695:African wolf ( 14692: 14683: 14677:Domestic dog ( 14674: 14664: 14662: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14650: 14641: 14631: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14624: 14615: 14605: 14603: 14592: 14580: 14579: 14576: 14575: 14573: 14572: 14563: 14557:Sechuran fox ( 14554: 14550:L. gymnocercus 14545: 14536: 14530:Darwin's fox ( 14527: 14517: 14515: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14494: 14484: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14477: 14467: 14465: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14453: 14443: 14437: 14422: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14402: 14393: 14384: 14375: 14366: 14357: 14348: 14339: 14330: 14321: 14312: 14303: 14299:V. bengalensis 14293: 14291: 14273: 14272: 14270: 14269: 14260: 14250: 14248: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14236: 14226: 14220: 14214: 14213: 14211: 14210: 14201: 14191: 14189: 14178: 14168: 14161: 14160: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14140: 14137: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14125: 14124: 14122: 14121: 14112: 14103: 14094: 14085: 14075: 14073: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14061: 14052: 14043: 14039:B. crassicauda 14033: 14031: 14023: 14022: 14020: 14019: 14010: 14001: 13992: 13982: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13975: 13966: 13957: 13948: 13939: 13930: 13921: 13912: 13903: 13893: 13891: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13879: 13870: 13860: 13854: 13848: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13840: 13831: 13822: 13813: 13803: 13801: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13780: 13770: 13768: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13739: 13730: 13720: 13718: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13690: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13666: 13657: 13639: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13631: 13630: 13628: 13627: 13618: 13608: 13606: 13598: 13597: 13595: 13594: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13577: 13573:G. grandidieri 13568: 13558: 13556: 13548: 13547: 13545: 13544: 13534: 13528: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13515: 13514: 13505: 13495: 13493: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13481: 13472: 13462: 13456: 13447: 13430: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13413: 13412: 13409: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13401: 13391: 13389: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13377: 13368: 13358: 13352: 13340: 13339: 13337: 13336: 13326: 13324: 13313: 13293: 13292: 13280: 13279: 13276: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13256: 13254: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13236: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13228: 13227: 13225: 13224: 13215: 13206: 13197: 13188: 13179: 13170: 13161: 13152: 13143: 13137:Letaba genet ( 13134: 13125: 13119:Common genet ( 13116: 13107: 13098: 13089: 13079: 13077: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13050: 13040: 13038: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13007: 12998: 12989: 12980: 12970: 12968: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12956: 12947: 12937: 12931: 12916: 12904: 12897: 12896: 12893: 12892: 12890: 12889: 12885:P. zeylonensis 12880: 12871: 12861: 12859: 12851: 12850: 12848: 12847: 12843:Paguma larvata 12838: 12829: 12820: 12810: 12804: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12794: 12785: 12776: 12767: 12757: 12755: 12746: 12741: 12734: 12733: 12721: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12704: 12703: 12697: 12695: 12689: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12681: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12656: 12647: 12638: 12629: 12620: 12614:Domestic cat ( 12611: 12601: 12599: 12591: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12583: 12574: 12570:P. rubiginosus 12565: 12556: 12547: 12543:P. bengalensis 12537: 12535: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12523: 12517:Pallas's cat ( 12513: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12493: 12483: 12481: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12469: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12452: 12442: 12440: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12419: 12410: 12404:Iberian lynx ( 12401: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12359: 12350: 12341: 12332: 12323: 12314: 12305: 12295: 12293: 12285: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12277: 12268: 12258: 12256: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12244: 12234: 12228: 12222: 12221: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12214: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12181: 12171: 12169: 12158: 12149: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12124: 12115: 12106: 12097: 12088: 12082:Snow leopard ( 12078: 12076: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12055: 12045: 12043: 12032: 12019: 12009: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11998: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11961: 11956: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11945: 11935: 11929: 11924: 11917: 11916: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11897: 11895:Laurasiatheria 11891: 11885: 11879: 11873: 11866: 11863: 11862: 11853: 11852: 11845: 11838: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11807: 11796: 11784: 11783:at Wikispecies 11770: 11750: 11749:External links 11747: 11746: 11745: 11739: 11714: 11709:978-0521648356 11708: 11689: 11683: 11665: 11659: 11644: 11638: 11622: 11616: 11603: 11597: 11584: 11578: 11558: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11539: 11537:, p. 152. 11524: 11512: 11500: 11493: 11475: 11462: 11450: 11444:978-0826419132 11443: 11420: 11361: 11329: 11307: 11277: 11275:, p. 214. 11265: 11253: 11234:(2): 129–140. 11228:Animal Welfare 11218: 11206: 11194: 11175:(3): 186–192. 11159: 11138:(3): 371–382. 11118: 11096: 11084: 11072: 11059: 11047: 11002: 11000:, p. 274. 10990: 10961:(3): 455–482. 10945: 10933: 10931:, p. 276. 10921: 10909: 10888:(4): 300–312. 10865: 10841: 10839:, p. 193. 10829: 10822: 10804: 10792: 10765:(8): 592–596. 10745: 10706: 10672: 10632: 10606: 10573: 10537: 10518:(2): 405–422. 10498: 10459: 10396: 10362: 10322: 10301: 10282: 10252: 10211: 10168: 10137: 10126:(7): 408–418. 10110: 10071: 10038: 10031: 10010: 9985: 9983:, p. 202. 9973: 9962: 9927: 9880: 9842: 9819:(4): 476–480. 9799: 9780:(6): 741–749. 9764: 9717: 9674: 9663:(2): 255–261. 9646: 9610: 9569: 9525: 9488: 9473: 9432: 9393:(1): 753–766. 9373: 9332: 9297: 9256: 9243:(1): 174–180. 9219: 9184: 9143: 9120:(2): 262–271. 9100: 9079:(2): 281–293. 9056: 9013: 8976: 8941: 8890: 8853:Remote Sensing 8839: 8798: 8765: 8706: 8685:(2): 393–398. 8661: 8625: 8572: 8560: 8548: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8474:(4): 320–329. 8447: 8410: 8377: 8365: 8353: 8340:(2): 472–478. 8313: 8301: 8259: 8240:(4): 344–353. 8224: 8213:(2): 245–253. 8196: 8181: 8169: 8157: 8138: 8136:, p. 148. 8126: 8115:(1): 133–147. 8086: 8084:, p. 145. 8074: 8057: 8012: 7977: 7920: 7899:(3): 806–814. 7871: 7852:(4): 875–881. 7836: 7809:(4): 439–450. 7793: 7782:(2): 255–265. 7751: 7749:, p. 136. 7739: 7695: 7683: 7681:, p. 289. 7671: 7669:, p. 126. 7659: 7647: 7634:(4): 573–592. 7614: 7602: 7600:, p. 295. 7590: 7588:, p. 121. 7575: 7563: 7561:, p. 287. 7551: 7539: 7537:, p. 120. 7527: 7525:, p. 288. 7510: 7498: 7483: 7431: 7408: 7351: 7325: 7294: 7255: 7217: 7206:(3): 221–231. 7186: 7174: 7162: 7150: 7131:(2): 129–159. 7115: 7113:, p. 261. 7100: 7088: 7076: 7074:, p. 256. 7064: 7052: 7045: 7016: 7014:, p. 263. 7004: 6992: 6980: 6968: 6956: 6954:, p. 105. 6944: 6905: 6853:(5): 659–671. 6829: 6817: 6806:(3): 165–195. 6787: 6772: 6733:(11): e77980. 6709: 6681: 6668:(3): 737–748. 6644: 6625:(5): 537–547. 6602: 6589:(1): 125–128. 6575:"Female tiger 6565: 6553: 6534:(2): 131–140. 6514: 6471: 6412: 6353: 6318: 6277: 6258:(1): 115–121. 6242: 6201: 6162:(11): e25931. 6142: 6129:(4): 447–453. 6105: 6074:(4): 747–749. 6054: 6021: 6006: 5992: 5978: 5966: 5929: 5870: 5836: 5800:(7): 954–957. 5777: 5726: 5715:(4): 427–433. 5696: 5685:(2): 125–136. 5669: 5620: 5616:MacDonald 2001 5592: 5577: 5565: 5541: 5512: 5486: 5474: 5472:, p. 103. 5459: 5427: 5415: 5403: 5315: 5289: 5276:(2): 403–415. 5253: 5234: 5216: 5189:(3): 293–302. 5172: 5153:(2): 465–487. 5132: 5083: 5044:(10): e25483. 5019: 4953: 4906: 4857: 4829: 4801: 4794: 4776: 4742: 4679: 4645:(5): 268–287. 4611: 4592:(1): 104–112. 4570: 4518: 4471: 4445: 4443:, p. 131. 4433: 4406: 4388: 4329: 4327:, p. 137. 4317: 4298: 4256: 4226: 4204: 4164: 4142: 4085: 4035: 3986: 3941: 3923: 3863: 3848: 3810: 3782: 3759: 3738:10.1086/693884 3713: 3690: 3659: 3636: 3606: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3516: 3508:Tony the Tiger 3506:character and 3456:'s 1794 poem " 3428:Korean culture 3361:Pashupati seal 3343:is one of the 3333:Chinese zodiac 3317:Asian cultures 3272:Main article: 3269: 3266: 3195:kill criminals 3165: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3150:Big Cat Rescue 3147: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3085:Main article: 3082: 3079: 3058:Main article: 3055: 3052: 3042: 3039: 3022:reintroduction 2937:tiger reserves 2912: 2911: 2906: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2692:Main article: 2689: 2686: 2640:Kerinci Seblat 2541: 2538: 2452: 2449: 2357: 2354: 2329:stealing kills 2308: 2305: 2177: 2174: 2127:Sumatran tiger 2124: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2058:spraying urine 2053:radio-collared 2041: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2011: 1982: 1981:Social spacing 1979: 1959:radio-collared 1938: 1935: 1890: 1887: 1768:Siberian tiger 1759: 1756: 1748:aminopeptidase 1661: 1658: 1624: 1621: 1605:sagittal crest 1575: 1572: 1540: 1537: 1440:sister species 1414: 1413: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1194: 1186:P. t. sumatrae 1181:Sumatran tiger 1177: 1176: 1169: 1161: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1131: 1127:P. t. sondaica 1117: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1094: 1093: 1086: 1078: 1074:P. t. jacksoni 1065: 1064: 1057: 1050: 1042:P. t. corbetti 1033: 1032: 1025: 994:type specimens 990: 973: 972: 965: 950: 937:Siberian tiger 933: 932: 925: 922:occipital bone 918: 898: 897: 890: 879: 866: 865: 862: 859: 842:classification 830:P. t. sondaica 807:P. t. sondaica 746: 743: 721:Conrad Gessner 691: 688: 633: 630: 528:Southeast Asia 460: 459: 458: 457: 449:Tigris regalis 446: 435: 418: 417: 411: 410: 406: 405: 397: 396: 395: 394: 384: 374: 364: 361:P. t. sondaica 357: 347: 346: 342: 341: 334: 323: 322: 316: 315: 311:P. tigris 308: 306: 302: 301: 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 274: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 244: 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 196: 195: 182: 179: 178: 160: 157: 156: 151: 148: 147: 140:Bengal tigress 135: 134: 126: 125: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 48: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17914: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17799: 17797: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17728: 17725: 17710: 17705: 17701: 17697: 17692: 17688: 17684: 17679: 17675: 17670: 17664: 17660: 17659: 17657: 17655: 17651: 17643: 17638: 17634: 17630: 17625: 17621: 17617: 17612: 17608: 17604: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17586: 17582: 17578: 17573: 17569: 17565: 17560: 17556: 17552: 17547: 17543: 17539: 17534: 17530: 17526: 17521: 17517: 17513: 17508: 17504: 17500: 17495: 17491: 17487: 17482: 17478: 17474: 17469: 17465: 17461: 17456: 17452: 17448: 17443: 17439: 17435: 17429: 17425: 17420: 17416: 17412: 17407: 17403: 17399: 17393: 17389: 17384: 17380: 17375: 17369: 17365: 17360: 17354: 17350: 17349: 17347: 17345: 17341: 17337: 17332: 17304: 17302: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17288: 17286: 17284: 17279: 17277: 17275: 17270: 17268: 17266: 17261: 17259: 17257: 17252: 17250: 17248: 17243: 17241: 17239: 17238:M. lutreolina 17234: 17232: 17230: 17225: 17223: 17221: 17216: 17214: 17212: 17207: 17205: 17203: 17198: 17196: 17194: 17189: 17187: 17185: 17180: 17178: 17176: 17171: 17169: 17167: 17162: 17160: 17158: 17153: 17152: 17150: 17140: 17139: 17134: 17128: 17126: 17121: 17119: 17117: 17112: 17110: 17108: 17103: 17101: 17099: 17094: 17093: 17091: 17089: 17088: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17074: 17064: 17062: 17057: 17055: 17053: 17048: 17046: 17044: 17039: 17038: 17036: 17034: 17033: 17028: 17022: 17020: 17015: 17014: 17012: 17010: 17009: 17004: 16998: 16996: 16991: 16989: 16987: 16982: 16981: 16979: 16977: 16976: 16971: 16965: 16963: 16958: 16957: 16954: 16948: 16946: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16936: 16935: 16930: 16924: 16922: 16917: 16915: 16913: 16908: 16906: 16904: 16899: 16897: 16895: 16894:L. canadensis 16890: 16889: 16887: 16885: 16884: 16879: 16873: 16871: 16868:Giant otter ( 16866: 16865: 16862: 16859: 16849: 16845: 16831: 16829: 16824: 16822: 16820: 16815: 16814: 16812: 16810: 16809: 16804: 16798: 16796: 16791: 16790: 16787: 16781: 16779: 16774: 16773: 16771: 16769: 16768: 16763: 16760: 16750: 16746: 16736: 16734: 16729: 16727: 16725: 16720: 16719: 16717: 16707: 16706: 16701: 16695: 16693: 16688: 16687: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16666: 16656: 16654: 16649: 16647: 16645: 16640: 16638: 16636: 16631: 16629: 16627: 16626:M. gwatkinsii 16622: 16620: 16618: 16613: 16611: 16609: 16604: 16602: 16600: 16595: 16593: 16591: 16586: 16585: 16583: 16573: 16572: 16567: 16561: 16559: 16554: 16553: 16551: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16537: 16535: 16530: 16529: 16527: 16525: 16524: 16519: 16513: 16511: 16506: 16505: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16493: 16487: 16485: 16480: 16478: 16476: 16471: 16469: 16467: 16466:M. orientalis 16462: 16460: 16458: 16453: 16451: 16449: 16444: 16442: 16440: 16435: 16434: 16432: 16422: 16421: 16416: 16406: 16404: 16399: 16397: 16395: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16381: 16379: 16377: 16372: 16371: 16369: 16367: 16366: 16361: 16355: 16353: 16348: 16346: 16344: 16339: 16337: 16335: 16330: 16329: 16327: 16325: 16324: 16319: 16316: 16306: 16302: 16296: 16294: 16289: 16288: 16286: 16284: 16283: 16278: 16272: 16270: 16269:Taxidea taxus 16265: 16264: 16261: 16258: 16255: 16250: 16246: 16242: 16237: 16233: 16216: 16215: 16214: 16213: 16211: 16209: 16205: 16191: 16189: 16184: 16182: 16180: 16179:N. meridensis 16175: 16174: 16172: 16170: 16169: 16164: 16158: 16156: 16151: 16149: 16147: 16142: 16141: 16139: 16137: 16136: 16131: 16128: 16118: 16114: 16108: 16106: 16101: 16099: 16097: 16092: 16090: 16088: 16083: 16081: 16079: 16074: 16073: 16071: 16061: 16060: 16055: 16049: 16047: 16042: 16040: 16038: 16033: 16031: 16029: 16024: 16023: 16021: 16011: 16010: 16005: 15999: 15997: 15992: 15990: 15988: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15978: 15977: 15972: 15966: 15964: 15959: 15958: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15946: 15936: 15934: 15929: 15927: 15925: 15920: 15918: 15916: 15911: 15909: 15907: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15889: 15888: 15883: 15877: 15875: 15870: 15868: 15866: 15865:M. javanensis 15861: 15860: 15858: 15848: 15847: 15842: 15836: 15834: 15829: 15827: 15825: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15814: 15809: 15803: 15801: 15796: 15794: 15792: 15791:C. leuconotus 15787: 15785: 15783: 15782:C. humboldtii 15778: 15776: 15774: 15769: 15768: 15766: 15756: 15755: 15750: 15747: 15741: 15733: 15729: 15723: 15721: 15716: 15715: 15713: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15699: 15694: 15690: 15664: 15662: 15657: 15655: 15653: 15648: 15646: 15644: 15639: 15637: 15635: 15630: 15629: 15626: 15623: 15613: 15609: 15603: 15601: 15596: 15594: 15592: 15587: 15586: 15584: 15574: 15573: 15568: 15558: 15556: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15546: 15545: 15540: 15534: 15532: 15527: 15526: 15523: 15520: 15510: 15506: 15503: 15493: 15489: 15475: 15473: 15470:Baikal seal ( 15468: 15466: 15464: 15461:Ringed seal ( 15459: 15457: 15455: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15445: 15444: 15439: 15433: 15431: 15428:Harbor seal ( 15426: 15424: 15422: 15417: 15416: 15414: 15412: 15411: 15406: 15400: 15398: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15386:Ribbon seal ( 15384: 15382: 15380: 15375: 15374: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15362: 15356: 15354: 15351:Hooded seal ( 15349: 15347: 15345: 15340: 15339: 15336: 15333: 15323: 15319: 15316: 15304: 15300: 15290: 15288: 15287:A. tropicalis 15283: 15281: 15279: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15265: 15263: 15261: 15256: 15254: 15252: 15247: 15245: 15243: 15238: 15236: 15234: 15229: 15227: 15225: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15215: 15214: 15213:Arctocephalus 15209: 15203: 15201: 15196: 15195: 15192: 15186: 15184: 15179: 15178: 15176: 15174: 15173: 15168: 15162: 15160: 15155: 15154: 15151: 15141: 15139: 15138:Z. wollebaeki 15134: 15132: 15130: 15125: 15124: 15122: 15120: 15119: 15114: 15108: 15106: 15101: 15100: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15088: 15082: 15080: 15075: 15074: 15072: 15070: 15069: 15064: 15061: 15055: 15050: 15046:(eared seals: 15041: 15036: 15030: 15028: 15023: 15022: 15020: 15018: 15014: 15010: 15006: 14998: 14994: 14969: 14968: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14962: 14958: 14949: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14944: 14935: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14922: 14908: 14906: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14892: 14890: 14888: 14887:U. thibetanus 14883: 14881: 14879: 14878:U. americanus 14874: 14873: 14871: 14869: 14868: 14863: 14857: 14855: 14850: 14848: 14846: 14841: 14840: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14828: 14822: 14820: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14798: 14796: 14793:Giant panda ( 14791: 14790: 14788: 14786: 14785: 14780: 14777: 14769: 14765: 14762: 14759: 14754: 14736: 14734: 14729: 14727: 14725: 14720: 14718: 14716: 14711: 14709: 14707: 14702: 14700: 14698: 14693: 14691: 14689: 14684: 14682: 14680: 14679:C. familiaris 14675: 14673: 14671: 14666: 14665: 14663: 14661: 14660: 14655: 14649: 14647: 14642: 14640: 14638: 14637:Lycaon pictus 14633: 14632: 14629: 14623: 14621: 14616: 14614: 14612: 14607: 14606: 14604: 14602: 14601: 14596: 14593: 14585: 14581: 14571: 14569: 14564: 14562: 14560: 14555: 14553: 14551: 14546: 14544: 14542: 14537: 14535: 14533: 14528: 14526: 14524: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14513: 14508: 14502: 14500: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14486: 14485: 14482: 14476: 14474: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14464: 14463: 14458: 14452: 14450: 14445: 14444: 14441: 14438: 14430: 14426: 14423: 14415: 14411: 14401: 14399: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14385: 14383: 14381: 14376: 14374: 14372: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14358: 14356: 14354: 14349: 14347: 14345: 14340: 14338: 14336: 14333:Tibetan fox ( 14331: 14329: 14327: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14313: 14311: 14309: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14287: 14280: 14279: 14274: 14268: 14266: 14265:N. viverrinus 14261: 14259: 14257: 14252: 14251: 14249: 14247: 14246: 14241: 14235: 14233: 14228: 14227: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14209: 14207: 14206:U. littoralis 14202: 14200: 14198: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14188: 14187: 14182: 14179: 14171: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14150: 14146: 14120: 14118: 14113: 14111: 14109: 14104: 14102: 14100: 14095: 14093: 14091: 14086: 14084: 14082: 14081:H. flavescens 14077: 14076: 14074: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14060: 14058: 14053: 14051: 14049: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14030: 14029: 14024: 14018: 14016: 14011: 14009: 14007: 14002: 14000: 13998: 13993: 13991: 13989: 13984: 13983: 13980: 13974: 13972: 13971:U. vitticolla 13967: 13965: 13963: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13940: 13938: 13936: 13931: 13929: 13927: 13922: 13920: 13918: 13913: 13911: 13909: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13890: 13889: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13875:Xenogale naso 13871: 13869: 13867: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13849: 13839: 13837: 13832: 13830: 13828: 13823: 13821: 13819: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13788: 13786: 13781: 13779: 13777: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13767: 13766: 13761: 13755: 13753: 13748: 13747: 13744: 13738: 13736: 13731: 13729: 13727: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13705: 13703: 13698: 13697: 13694: 13688: 13686: 13681: 13680: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13661: 13658: 13649: 13648:sensu stricto 13644: 13640: 13626: 13624: 13619: 13617: 13615: 13610: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13604: 13599: 13593: 13591: 13586: 13585: 13582: 13576: 13574: 13569: 13567: 13565: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13554: 13549: 13543: 13541: 13536: 13535: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13523: 13513: 13511: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13492: 13491: 13486: 13480: 13478: 13477:Fossa fossana 13473: 13471: 13469: 13464: 13463: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13451: 13448: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13423: 13418: 13400: 13398: 13393: 13392: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13382: 13376: 13374: 13371:Brown hyena ( 13369: 13367: 13365: 13364:Hyaena hyaena 13360: 13359: 13356: 13353: 13345: 13341: 13335: 13333: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13322: 13317: 13314: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13285: 13281: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13253: 13249: 13245: 13223: 13221: 13216: 13214: 13212: 13207: 13205: 13203: 13198: 13196: 13194: 13191:Hausa genet ( 13189: 13187: 13185: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13171: 13169: 13167: 13162: 13160: 13158: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13144: 13142: 13140: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13126: 13124: 13122: 13117: 13115: 13113: 13108: 13106: 13104: 13099: 13097: 13095: 13094:G. angolensis 13090: 13088: 13086: 13085:G. abyssinica 13081: 13080: 13078: 13070: 13069: 13064: 13058: 13056: 13051: 13049: 13047: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13031: 13030: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13016: 13006: 13004: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12994:V. tangalunga 12990: 12988: 12986: 12981: 12979: 12977: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12955: 12953: 12948: 12946: 12944: 12939: 12938: 12935: 12932: 12929: 12928:sensu stricto 12924: 12920: 12917: 12913: 12908: 12902: 12898: 12888: 12886: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12872: 12870: 12868: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12857: 12852: 12846: 12844: 12839: 12837: 12835: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12812: 12811: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12802:Paradoxurinae 12799: 12793: 12791: 12786: 12784: 12782: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12770:Otter civet ( 12768: 12766: 12764: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12754: 12750: 12747: 12744: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12726: 12722: 12701: 12700: 12699: 12698: 12696: 12694: 12690: 12664: 12662: 12661:F. silvestris 12657: 12655: 12653: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12630: 12628: 12626: 12621: 12619: 12617: 12612: 12610: 12608: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12598: 12597: 12592: 12582: 12580: 12579:P. viverrinus 12577:Fishing cat ( 12575: 12573: 12571: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12552:P. javanensis 12548: 12546: 12544: 12541:Leopard cat ( 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12533: 12528: 12522: 12520: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12508: 12502: 12492: 12490: 12485: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12468: 12466: 12461: 12460: 12457: 12451: 12449: 12444: 12443: 12441: 12439: 12438: 12433: 12430: 12424: 12418: 12416: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12393: 12391: 12389: 12388:L. canadensis 12386:Canada lynx ( 12384: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12378: 12373: 12367: 12365: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12351: 12349: 12347: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12333: 12331: 12329: 12324: 12322: 12320: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12276: 12274: 12269: 12267: 12265: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12243: 12241: 12236: 12235: 12232: 12229: 12223: 12213: 12211: 12210:C. temminckii 12206: 12204: 12202: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12180: 12178: 12175:Marbled cat ( 12173: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12159: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12145:sensu stricto 12142: 12137: 12123: 12121: 12116: 12114: 12112: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12074: 12069: 12063: 12061: 12056: 12054: 12052: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12020: 12012: 12007: 12003: 11997: 11995: 11994:P. pardicolor 11990: 11988: 11986: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11971: 11970: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11954: 11950: 11944: 11942: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11930: 11927: 11922: 11918: 11914: 11906: 11902: 11896: 11892: 11890: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11878: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11867: 11864: 11859: 11851: 11846: 11844: 11839: 11837: 11832: 11831: 11828: 11820: 11816: 11814: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11794: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11775: 11771: 11768: 11764: 11763: 11757: 11753: 11752: 11742: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11724: 11722: 11715: 11711: 11705: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11686: 11684:0-226-73631-8 11680: 11676: 11675: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11660:1-55297-949-0 11656: 11652: 11651: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11631: 11628: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11609: 11604: 11600: 11594: 11590: 11585: 11581: 11579:1-59315-024-5 11575: 11571: 11570: 11565: 11561: 11560: 11548: 11543: 11536: 11531: 11529: 11522:, p. 96. 11521: 11516: 11509: 11504: 11496: 11490: 11486: 11479: 11472: 11466: 11459: 11454: 11446: 11440: 11436: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11416: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11365: 11349: 11345: 11344: 11339: 11333: 11317: 11311: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11274: 11269: 11262: 11257: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11222: 11215: 11210: 11203: 11198: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11163: 11155: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11106: 11100: 11093: 11088: 11081: 11076: 11070:, p. 173 11069: 11063: 11056: 11051: 11043: 11037: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11006: 10999: 10994: 10986: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10949: 10942: 10937: 10930: 10925: 10918: 10913: 10905: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10872: 10870: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10848: 10846: 10838: 10833: 10825: 10819: 10815: 10808: 10801: 10796: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10752: 10750: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10701: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10676: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10636: 10628: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10591: 10584: 10577: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10541: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10502: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10463: 10455: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10420:(5): e10140. 10419: 10415: 10411: 10409: 10400: 10391: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10366: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10335:) reserves". 10334: 10326: 10318: 10317: 10313: 10305: 10297: 10293: 10286: 10270: 10266: 10265: 10256: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10215: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10172: 10156: 10152: 10150: 10141: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10114: 10095: 10088: 10087: 10083: 10075: 10056: 10049: 10042: 10034: 10032:99933-673-4-6 10028: 10024: 10017: 10015: 10005: 10000: 9997:and Forests. 9992: 9990: 9982: 9981:Sludskii 1992 9977: 9966: 9947: 9940: 9939: 9931: 9915: 9911: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9865: 9858: 9857: 9849: 9847: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9803: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9768: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9730: 9721: 9713: 9707: 9698: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9678: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9650: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9605: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9573: 9564: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9548:(7): e12952. 9547: 9543: 9539: 9532: 9530: 9520: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9501: 9492: 9484: 9477: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9377: 9368: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9336: 9317: 9310: 9309: 9301: 9292: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9260: 9251: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9232: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9188: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9147: 9138: 9137:11250/3040580 9133: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9104: 9095: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9063: 9061: 9051: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9030: 9026: 9017: 9008: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8945: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8894: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8843: 8834: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8802: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8769: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8726:(4): e13909. 8725: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8702: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8674: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8585: 8576: 8570:, p. 66. 8569: 8564: 8558:, p. 59. 8557: 8552: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8509: 8502: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8460: 8451: 8442: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8423: 8414: 8405: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8373:Schaller 1967 8369: 8362: 8357: 8348: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8318: 8311:, p. 51. 8310: 8305: 8296: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8200: 8194:, p. 51. 8193: 8188: 8186: 8179:, p. 50. 8178: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8155:, p. 45. 8154: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8135: 8130: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8083: 8078: 8072:, p. 42. 8071: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8052: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8016: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7924: 7915: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7797: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7770:) and dhole ( 7769: 7765: 7758: 7756: 7748: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7692: 7691:Schaller 1967 7687: 7680: 7679:Schaller 1967 7675: 7668: 7663: 7656: 7655:Schaller 1967 7651: 7642: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7618: 7612:, p. 24. 7611: 7606: 7599: 7598:Schaller 1967 7594: 7587: 7582: 7580: 7573:, p. 23. 7572: 7567: 7560: 7559:Schaller 1967 7555: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7531: 7524: 7523:Schaller 1967 7519: 7517: 7515: 7507: 7506:Schaller 1967 7502: 7496:, p. 63. 7495: 7490: 7488: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7438: 7436: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7412: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7222: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7190: 7184:, p. 62. 7183: 7178: 7171: 7170:Schaller 1967 7166: 7159: 7158:Schaller 1967 7154: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7119: 7112: 7111:Schaller 1967 7107: 7105: 7097: 7096:Schaller 1967 7092: 7086:, p. 99. 7085: 7080: 7073: 7072:Schaller 1967 7068: 7062:, p. 29. 7061: 7056: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7032: 7023: 7021: 7013: 7012:Schaller 1967 7008: 7001: 7000:Schaller 1967 6996: 6990:, p. 89. 6989: 6984: 6977: 6976:Schaller 1967 6972: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6876:10019.1/11220 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6842: 6833: 6826: 6821: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6794: 6792: 6785:, p. 76. 6784: 6779: 6777: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6722: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6685: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6609: 6607: 6597: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6578: 6569: 6562: 6557: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6475: 6467: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6416: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6118: 6109: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6010: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5974:Sludskii 1992 5970: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5934: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5794:Cell Research 5788: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5589: 5588:Sludskii 1992 5584: 5582: 5575:, p. 28. 5574: 5569: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5537: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5484:, p. 25. 5483: 5478: 5471: 5470:Sludskii 1992 5466: 5464: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5431: 5425:, p. 26. 5424: 5419: 5413:, p. 98. 5412: 5411:Sludskii 1992 5407: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5258: 5247: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5136: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4834: 4826:(2): 108–113. 4825: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4631: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4450: 4442: 4441:Sludskii 1992 4437: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4325:Sludskii 1992 4321: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4261: 4241: 4239: 4230: 4211: 4207: 4205:2-8317-0045-0 4201: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4152: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3834:Wilson, D. E. 3831: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3779:(3): 505–541. 3778: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3718: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3545: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3464:" in Blake's 3463: 3459: 3455: 3454:William Blake 3451: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3420:Mountain Gods 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3369:Chola dynasty 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3321:ancient China 3318: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3291: 3288:Tiger-shaped 3286: 3281: 3280:Tiger worship 3275: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3251:animal rights 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223:Ringling Bros 3220: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3187:amphitheatres 3184: 3169: 3162: 3151: 3144: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3071:Mughal Empire 3067: 3061: 3060:Tiger hunting 3047: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3010:rehabilitated 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2990:Sivalik Hills 2987: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2966: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2955:North Sumatra 2951: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2933:Project Tiger 2930: 2927:In 1973, the 2925: 2923: 2919: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2636:Anti-poaching 2633: 2629: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2586:deforestation 2583: 2579: 2576:channels and 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2550:IUCN Red List 2547: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2528:leptospirosis 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504:morbillivirus 2501: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2468:in India and 2467: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2313: 2304: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2293:water buffalo 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:strangulation 2278: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250:dietary fibre 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2201:apex predator 2198: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2128: 2099: 2088:Communication 2085: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2062:scent rubbing 2059: 2054: 2044: 2034: 2021: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1945:Tiger bathing 1943: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1764: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1745:transmembrane 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1695:with a white 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1666: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1629: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1603:with a large 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1546: 1545:Felid hybrids 1536: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1394: 1393: 1385: 1384: 1376: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1069:Malayan tiger 1067: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 975: 974: 970: 966: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 942:P. t. altaica 938: 935: 934: 930: 926: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910:P. t. virgata 906: 905:Caspian tiger 903: 900: 899: 895: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 868: 867: 863: 860: 857: 856: 850: 845: 843: 838: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 742: 740: 736: 735: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 703: 702: 697: 696:Carl Linnaeus 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 660: 656: 653: 649: 646: 643:derives from 642: 639: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 599:anti-poaching 596: 592: 588: 587:deforestation 584: 583:fragmentation 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 532:apex predator 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 497:Sunda Islands 494: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478: 473: 472: 467: 454: 450: 447: 443: 439: 436: 433: 429: 425: 422: 421: 419: 416: 412: 407: 403: 398: 393: 392: 385: 383: 382: 375: 373: 372: 365: 363: 362: 358: 356: 355: 351: 350: 348: 343: 338: 332: 330: 324: 321: 320:Binomial name 317: 313: 312: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 282: 281: 278: 275: 272: 271: 268: 265: 262: 261: 258: 255: 252: 251: 248: 245: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 206: 201: 197: 191: 185: 180: 174: 169: 158: 154: 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 127: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 17822:EDGE species 17654:Felis tigris 17653: 17343: 17300: 17291: 17282: 17273: 17264: 17255: 17246: 17237: 17228: 17219: 17210: 17201: 17192: 17183: 17174: 17165: 17156: 17136: 17124: 17115: 17106: 17097: 17085: 17060: 17051: 17042: 17030: 17018: 17006: 16995:L. sumatrana 16994: 16985: 16973: 16961: 16944: 16932: 16920: 16911: 16902: 16893: 16881: 16869: 16827: 16818: 16806: 16794: 16778:V. peregusna 16777: 16765: 16732: 16723: 16703: 16691: 16678:Lyncodontini 16669:Ictonychinae 16653:M. zibellina 16652: 16643: 16634: 16625: 16616: 16608:M. flavigula 16607: 16598: 16590:M. americana 16589: 16569: 16557: 16545: 16533: 16521: 16510:Eira barbara 16509: 16483: 16475:M. personata 16474: 16465: 16456: 16447: 16438: 16418: 16402: 16393: 16385:M. canescens 16384: 16375: 16363: 16351: 16342: 16333: 16321: 16292: 16280: 16268: 16187: 16178: 16166: 16154: 16145: 16133: 16104: 16095: 16086: 16077: 16057: 16045: 16036: 16027: 16007: 15995: 15994:Cacomistle ( 15986: 15974: 15963:Potos flavus 15962: 15932: 15923: 15914: 15905: 15885: 15873: 15864: 15844: 15832: 15823: 15811: 15799: 15790: 15781: 15772: 15752: 15719: 15660: 15651: 15642: 15633: 15599: 15590: 15570: 15554: 15542: 15530: 15515:(monk seals) 15471: 15462: 15453: 15441: 15429: 15420: 15408: 15396: 15387: 15378: 15352: 15343: 15286: 15278:A. townsendi 15277: 15268: 15260:A. philippii 15259: 15250: 15241: 15232: 15224:A. australis 15223: 15211: 15199: 15182: 15170: 15158: 15137: 15128: 15116: 15104: 15078: 15066: 15026: 14905:U. maritimus 14904: 14903:Polar bear ( 14895: 14894:Brown bear ( 14886: 14877: 14865: 14853: 14844: 14843:Sloth bear ( 14818: 14806: 14794: 14782: 14732: 14723: 14714: 14705: 14696: 14687: 14678: 14669: 14657: 14646:Cuon alpinus 14645: 14636: 14620:L. mesomelas 14619: 14610: 14598: 14567: 14558: 14549: 14548:Pampas fox ( 14540: 14531: 14522: 14510: 14498: 14489: 14473:S. venaticus 14472: 14460: 14448: 14447:Maned wolf ( 14429:Cerdocyonina 14397: 14396:Fennec fox ( 14388: 14379: 14371:V. rueppelli 14370: 14361: 14352: 14343: 14342:Arctic fox ( 14335:V. ferrilata 14334: 14325: 14324:Corsac fox ( 14316: 14307: 14298: 14297:Bengal fox ( 14276: 14264: 14255: 14243: 14231: 14205: 14204:Island fox ( 14196: 14184: 14117:H. sanguinea 14116: 14107: 14098: 14090:H. ichneumon 14089: 14080: 14068: 14056: 14047: 14038: 14026: 14014: 14005: 13996: 13987: 13970: 13961: 13952: 13943: 13934: 13925: 13917:U. edwardsii 13916: 13908:U. brachyura 13907: 13898: 13886: 13874: 13865: 13835: 13826: 13817: 13809:C. alexandri 13808: 13796: 13784: 13775: 13763: 13751: 13734: 13726:M. gambianus 13725: 13713: 13701: 13685:S. suricatta 13684: 13672: 13647: 13622: 13613: 13601: 13589: 13572: 13563: 13551: 13539: 13509: 13500: 13488: 13476: 13467: 13444:carnivorans) 13425: 13396: 13384: 13372: 13363: 13331: 13319: 13289:Herpestoidea 13252:Herpestoidea 13219: 13211:G. victoriae 13210: 13201: 13200:Cape genet ( 13192: 13184:G. servalina 13183: 13174: 13173:King genet ( 13166:G. piscivora 13165: 13156: 13147: 13138: 13130:G. johnstoni 13129: 13120: 13111: 13102: 13093: 13084: 13066: 13055:P. leightoni 13054: 13045: 13027: 13002: 12993: 12985:V. megaspila 12984: 12976:V. civettina 12975: 12963: 12951: 12942: 12927: 12911: 12884: 12875: 12866: 12854: 12842: 12833: 12824: 12815: 12789: 12780: 12771: 12762: 12660: 12651: 12643:F. margarita 12642: 12633: 12624: 12623:Jungle cat ( 12615: 12606: 12594: 12578: 12569: 12561:P. planiceps 12560: 12551: 12542: 12532:Prionailurus 12530: 12518: 12488: 12476: 12464: 12463:Jaguarundi ( 12447: 12435: 12414: 12405: 12396: 12387: 12375: 12363: 12354: 12345: 12336: 12327: 12318: 12310:L. geoffroyi 12309: 12300: 12299:Pampas cat ( 12288: 12272: 12263: 12251: 12239: 12209: 12200: 12188: 12177:P. marmorata 12176: 12164: 12144: 12119: 12110: 12101: 12092: 12090: 12083: 12071: 12059: 12050: 12038: 11993: 11984: 11967: 11940: 11893:Superorder: 11887:Infraclass: 11812: 11795:at Wikiquote 11779: 11761: 11730: 11726: 11720: 11698: 11673: 11649: 11630: 11626: 11607: 11588: 11568: 11557:Bibliography 11542: 11515: 11503: 11484: 11478: 11465: 11453: 11434: 11378: 11374: 11364: 11352:. Retrieved 11348:the original 11341: 11332: 11320:. Retrieved 11310: 11298:. Retrieved 11289: 11280: 11268: 11256: 11231: 11227: 11221: 11209: 11197: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11135: 11131: 11121: 11109:. Retrieved 11099: 11087: 11075: 11062: 11050: 11036:cite journal 11022:(2): 30–39. 11019: 11015: 11011: 11005: 10993: 10958: 10954: 10948: 10936: 10924: 10912: 10885: 10881: 10857:Homo sapiens 10856: 10852: 10832: 10813: 10807: 10795: 10762: 10758: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10709: 10690: 10686: 10675: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10635: 10626: 10622: 10609: 10597:. Retrieved 10576: 10551: 10547: 10540: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10501: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10462: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10399: 10380: 10376: 10365: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10325: 10315: 10311: 10304: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10273:. Retrieved 10263: 10255: 10228: 10224: 10214: 10184:(1): 30–39. 10181: 10177: 10171: 10159:. Retrieved 10155:the original 10148: 10140: 10123: 10119: 10113: 10101:. Retrieved 10085: 10081: 10074: 10062:. 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Retrieved 3583: 3577: 3571: 3534:Tiger Temple 3489: 3473:Water Margin 3471: 3465: 3452: 3440:Mnong people 3389: 3357:Azure Dragon 3345:Four Symbols 3310: 3298: 3289: 3255: 3231:Clyde Beatty 3216: 3183:ancient Rome 3180: 3112: 3101: 3087:Tiger attack 3063: 3008:Rescued and 3007: 2980: 2975:Taman Negara 2971: 2959:West Sumatra 2926: 2915: 2908: 2901: 2734:3,167–3,682 2688:Conservation 2679: 2658: 2649: 2624: 2610:since 2001. 2567: 2543: 2531: 2493: 2486: 2481:Physaloptera 2479: 2473: 2463: 2456: 2454: 2440: 2424: 2397: 2376: 2366: 2341: 2322: 2301: 2297:success rate 2273: 2254: 2194: 2146: 2135: 2075: 2049: 2043:Bengal tiger 1984: 1971: 1948: 1892: 1867:Mêdog County 1863:Mishmi Hills 1788: 1773: 1722: 1716:and loss of 1689:golden tiger 1674: 1654:colour blind 1643: 1634: 1613: 1585: 1558: 1552: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1486: 1478: 1472: 1468: 1454: 1452: 1436:snow leopard 1419: 1417: 1405: 1354: 1334: 1307: 1272: 1271: 1253:Snow leopard 1251: 1230: 1185: 1153:P. t. balica 1152: 1126: 1099: 1073: 1041: 996:had shorter 981: 941: 909: 875:P. t. tigris 874: 870:Bengal tiger 848: 839: 829: 826:P. t. tigris 825: 815: 806: 803:P. t. tigris 802: 748: 738: 732: 712: 709:Felis tigris 708: 699: 693: 667: 654: 647: 640: 635: 607: 555:Central Asia 544: 501: 475: 470: 469: 465: 463: 448: 437: 424:Felis tigris 423: 389: 379: 369: 359: 354:P. t. tigris 352: 328: 326: 310: 309: 297: 40: 17481:iNaturalist 17368:Wikispecies 17292:M. sibirica 17274:M. putorius 17247:M. nigripes 17229:M. lutreola 17202:M. haidarum 17098:N. africana 17061:A. congicus 17052:A. cinereus 17043:A. capensis 16943:Sea otter ( 16921:L. provocax 16828:I. striatus 16749:Ictonychini 16644:M. melampus 16556:Wolverine ( 16534:P. pennanti 16457:M. moschata 16448:M. everetti 16394:M. leucurus 16352:A. hoevenii 16343:A. collaris 16293:M. capensis 16188:N. olivacea 16103:Olinguito ( 16059:Bassaricyon 16046:P. pygmaeus 15976:Bassariscus 15949:Procyonidae 15924:S. putorius 15915:S. gracilis 15833:M. mephitis 15824:M. macroura 15718:Red panda ( 15698:Musteloidea 15659:Ross seal ( 15612:Lobodontini 15544:Neomonachus 15472:P. sibirica 15430:P. vitulina 15395:Grey seal ( 15377:Harp seal ( 15269:A. pusillus 15233:A. forsteri 15068:Callorhinus 15002:Pinnipedia 14961:Musteloidea 14733:C. simensis 14697:C. lupaster 14566:Hoary fox ( 14559:L. sechurae 14532:L. fulvipes 14523:L. culpaeus 14419:(true dogs) 14378:Swift fox ( 14353:V. macrotis 14245:Nyctereutes 14154:Caniformia 14099:H. ochracea 14057:B. nigripes 14048:B. jacksoni 13935:U. javanica 13852:Herpestinae 13827:C. obscurus 13818:C. ansorgei 13798:Crossarchus 13654:(mongooses) 13643:Herpestidae 13623:S. durrelli 13614:S. concolor 13564:G. fasciata 13501:E. goudotii 13422:Herpestidae 13332:P. cristata 13193:G. thierryi 13148:G. maculata 13112:G. cristata 13103:G. bourloni 12856:Paradoxurus 12814:Binturong ( 12753:Hemigalinae 12730:Viverroidea 12693:Viverroidea 12652:F. nigripes 12504:Leopard cat 12489:P. concolor 12406:L. pardinus 12355:L. tigrinus 12346:L. pardalis 12337:L. jacobita 12328:L. guttulus 12301:L. colocola 12060:N. nebulosa 12030:Pantherinae 11910:Feliformia 11694:Jackson, P. 11535:Thapar 2004 11471:Thapar 2004 11300:20 February 11273:Thapar 2004 11261:Thapar 2004 11202:Thapar 2004 11169:Zoo Biology 11132:Zoo Biology 11080:Thapar 2004 11068:Thapar 2004 10998:Thapar 2004 10976:10356/88201 10929:Thapar 2004 10837:Thapar 2004 10800:Thapar 2004 10693:: 1124340. 10629:(1): 20–30. 10383:: 1213552. 10343:(1): 2–15. 9873:18 February 9639:19 February 9452:(3): e622. 9352:(9): e247. 9200:: 105–109. 8675:) in Nepal" 8568:Thapar 2004 8541:14 February 8513:Thapar 2004 8468:Zoo Biology 8282:BMC Zoology 8192:Thapar 2004 8153:Thapar 2004 8134:Thapar 2004 8082:Thapar 2004 8036:: 119–125. 7889:population" 7747:Thapar 2004 7667:Thapar 2004 7586:Thapar 2004 7571:Thapar 2004 7547:Thapar 2004 7535:Thapar 2004 7494:Thapar 2004 7401:16 December 7084:Thapar 2004 7060:Thapar 2004 6952:Thapar 2004 6783:Thapar 2004 6561:Thapar 2004 5953:: 1191280. 5573:Thapar 2004 5482:Thapar 2004 5423:Thapar 2004 4877:(1): 1–11. 4105:BMC Biology 3683:21 February 3341:White Tiger 3239:Sara Houcke 3227:Mabel Stark 3203:Middle Ages 3199:Kublai Khan 3119:Jim Corbett 2961:provinces. 2909:5,634–5,891 2666:retaliation 2653:confiscated 2619:Javan tiger 2608:South China 2595:agriculture 2591:plantations 2488:Dirofilaria 2483:preputialis 2444:infanticide 2420:Buffalo Zoo 2307:Competitors 2205:sambar deer 2186:sambar deer 2138:rub against 1991:territories 1987:home ranges 1967:crepuscular 1923:dipterocarp 1881:and rugged 1807:Korean pine 1681:white tiger 1670:white tiger 1638:colouration 1597:nasal bones 1557:with other 1553:Tigers can 1479:P. zdanskyi 1461:Pleistocene 1410:nuclear DNA 1122:Javan tiger 1112:Description 998:carnassials 861:Description 771:South China 767:Indochinese 727:. In 1929, 638:Old English 628:worldwide. 540:home ranges 345:Subspecies 287:Pantherinae 283:Subfamily: 17796:Categories 17265:M. nudipes 17256:M. nivalis 17220:M. kathiah 17175:M. erminea 17166:M. altaica 17116:N. frenata 17107:N. felipei 17077:Mustelinae 16819:I. libycus 16733:G. vittata 16599:M. caurina 16376:M. anakuma 16254:Mustelidae 16241:Mustelidae 16217:see below↓ 16208:Mustelidae 16105:B. neblina 16016:(raccoons) 15987:B. astutus 15985:Ringtail ( 15961:Kinkajou ( 15933:S. pygmaea 15874:M. marchei 15732:Mephitidae 15600:M. leonina 15492:Monachinae 15463:P. hispida 15454:P. caspica 15251:A. gazella 15183:N. cinerea 15079:C. ursinus 15017:Odobenidae 14970:see below↓ 14950:see below↓ 14934:Pinnipedia 14852:Sun bear ( 14819:T. ornatus 14808:Tremarctos 14784:Ailuropoda 14722:Red wolf ( 14688:C. latrans 14611:L. adustus 14568:L. vetulus 14541:L. griseus 14471:Bush dog ( 14362:V. pallida 14360:Pale fox ( 14344:V. lagopus 14315:Cape fox ( 14195:Gray fox ( 13953:U. smithii 13785:H. parvula 13776:H. hirtula 13664:Mungotinae 13553:Galidictis 13526:Galidiinae 13454:Euplerinae 13437:Eupleridae 13426:sensu lato 13397:C. crocuta 13330:Aardwolf ( 13261:see below↓ 13202:G. tigrina 13175:G. poensis 13157:G. pardina 13139:G. letabae 13121:G. genetta 13019:Genettinae 13003:V. zibetha 12923:Viverrinae 12912:sensu lato 12907:Viverrinae 12876:P. jerdoni 12743:Viverridae 12702:see below↓ 12641:Sand cat ( 12448:A. jubatus 12273:C. caracal 12166:Pardofelis 11985:P. linsang 11926:Feliformia 11564:Thapar, V. 11547:Green 2006 11520:Green 2006 11508:Green 2006 11458:Green 2006 11214:Green 2006 11092:Green 2006 11055:Mills 2004 10941:Green 2006 10917:Mills 2004 10823:0195677285 10554:: 126501. 10479:: 108848. 10231:: e00382. 9758:1887/57668 9589:: e00960. 9387:GeoJournal 9163:: e00766. 8884:1903/31503 8859:(7): 747. 8818:: e01718. 8556:Mills 2004 8501:Mills 2004 8361:Mills 2004 8309:Mills 2004 8177:Mills 2004 8165:Mills 2004 8070:Mills 2004 7610:Mills 2004 7477:2263/50208 7426:B0007DU2IU 7275:: e00268. 7182:Mills 2004 6988:Mills 2004 6964:Mills 2004 6825:Mills 2004 6487:(1): 1–9. 6481:Écoscience 5863:29 January 5679:BioScience 5520:17 October 4996:2263/32583 4854:: 505–541. 4672:15 January 4468:: 594–599. 4219:25 January 3540:References 3482:Shere Khan 3444:shapeshift 3436:weretigers 3422:. In both 3258:exotic pet 3207:menageries 3108:Man-eating 3097:Sundarbans 2854:Bangladesh 2621:skin, 1915 2574:irrigation 2546:Endangered 2516:antibodies 2495:Uiteinarta 2388:Copulation 2237:porcupines 2213:barasingha 2070:anal gland 2056:ranges by 1995:Sundarbans 1975:pipal tree 1851:Sundarbans 1725:melanistic 1710:inbreeding 1675:The three 1646:camouflage 1555:interbreed 1467:to modern 1202:nasal bone 1148:Bali tiger 1109:Population 986:Hilzheimer 858:Population 755:subspecies 745:Subspecies 645:Old French 571:Endangered 504:coniferous 493:subspecies 267:Feliformia 263:Suborder: 186:Appendix I 168:Endangered 17669:Q41083521 17211:M. itatsi 17145:(weasels) 17008:Lutrogale 16945:E. lutris 16903:L. felina 16712:(grisons) 16635:M. martes 16578:(martens) 16496:Guloninae 16282:Mellivora 16155:N. narica 16096:B. medius 16087:B. gabbii 16078:B. alleni 16066:(olingos) 16035:Raccoon ( 15887:Spilogale 15773:C. chinga 15754:Conepatus 15710:Ailuridae 15509:Monachini 15421:P. largha 15091:Otariinae 15054:sea lions 15049:fur seals 15040:Otariidae 14925:Mustelida 14896:U. arctos 14758:Arctoidea 14715:C. lycaon 14670:C. aureus 14600:Lupulella 14512:Lycalopex 14389:V. vulpes 14387:Red fox ( 14351:Kit fox ( 14326:V. corsac 14070:Herpestes 13683:Meerkat ( 13442:(Malagasy 13344:Hyaeninae 13305:Hyaenidae 13220:G. felina 12634:F. lybica 12446:Cheetah ( 12364:L. wiedii 12353:Oncilla ( 12319:L. guigna 12290:Leopardus 12271:Caracal ( 12264:C. aurata 12199:Bay cat ( 12120:P. pardus 12118:Leopard ( 12093:P. tigris 12051:N. diardi 11969:Prionodon 11869:Kingdom: 11858:Carnivora 9502:and why?" 9029:amoyensis 8785:(1): 13. 7993:: 68–78. 7734:259903849 7454:: 57–64. 7269:Food Webs 6800:Behaviour 6698:: 83–94. 6639:254187854 6334:: 18–26. 5829:25 August 5530:cite book 5308:26 August 5211:246693903 4810:Mazák, V. 4786:Der Tiger 4582:Mazák, V. 4111:(1): 64. 3979:27 August 3826:"Species 3754:165388712 3599:31 August 3512:Kellogg's 3458:The Tyger 3247:Las Vegas 3148:Tiger at 3133:Captivity 2764:Indonesia 2716:Estimate 2470:nematodes 2404:altricial 2393:Gestation 2362:Tiger Cub 2265:wild boar 2225:Abundance 2221:wild boar 2197:carnivore 2078:dominance 1875:evergreen 1871:deciduous 1853:. In the 1823:ungulates 1819:dispersal 1817:serve as 1797:. In the 1770:in Russia 1737:phenotype 1705:polygenes 1459:of early 1422:with the 1218:Evolution 1184:formerly 1151:formerly 1125:formerly 1072:formerly 1040:formerly 1018:haplotype 980:formerly 940:formerly 908:formerly 873:formerly 694:In 1758, 632:Etymology 618:mythology 536:ungulates 442:Severtzov 305:Species: 257:Carnivora 223:Kingdom: 217:Eukaryota 17872:Panthera 17812:Big cats 17683:47054053 17663:Wikidata 17624:Species+ 17551:14000259 17499:10762914 17395:BioLib: 17353:Wikidata 17191:Ferret ( 17125:N. vison 16986:L. lutra 16854:(otters) 16848:Lutrinae 16705:Galictis 16617:M. foina 16532:Fisher ( 16420:Melogale 16403:M. meles 16323:Arctonyx 16168:Nasuella 16146:N. nasua 16123:(coatis) 16037:P. lotor 15813:Mephitis 15572:Mirounga 15322:Phocinae 15303:Phocidae 15172:Neophoca 15118:Zalophus 15025:Walrus ( 14724:C. rufus 14706:C. lupus 14686:Coyote ( 14521:Culpeo ( 14462:Speothos 14398:V. zerda 14380:V. velox 14317:V. chama 14028:Bdeogale 13926:U. fusca 13765:Helogale 13735:M. mungo 13674:Suricata 13603:Salanoia 13510:E. major 13490:Eupleres 13321:Proteles 13310:(hyenas) 13074:(genets) 12625:F. chaus 12616:F. catus 12607:F. bieti 12487:Cougar ( 12437:Acinonyx 12415:L. rufus 12413:Bobcat ( 12362:Margay ( 12344:Ocelot ( 12317:Kodkod ( 12238:Serval ( 12201:C. badia 12190:Catopuma 12100:Jaguar ( 12084:P. uncia 12073:Panthera 12040:Neofelis 11958:Feloidea 11889:Eutheria 11883:Mammalia 11877:Chordata 11875:Phylum: 11871:Animalia 11819:IUCN/SSC 11767:category 11671:(1967). 11566:(2004). 11415:29985962 11375:PLOS ONE 11294:Archived 11292:. 2023. 11248:32259865 11189:29165868 11154:36478300 10985:24810674 10904:21392348 10787:18424146 10590:Archived 10454:37261321 10445:10227491 10357:26458501 10298:: 41–42. 10292:Cat News 10275:16 April 10269:Archived 10206:16362487 10103:12 April 10094:Archived 10055:Archived 9955:6 August 9946:Archived 9914:Archived 9864:Archived 9690:: 1–29. 9633:Archived 9427:35431409 9316:Archived 8971:36881515 8910:: 9–19. 8760:35288989 8701:33822151 8656:20966275 8620:23943758 8535:Archived 8531:BBC News 8488:33861886 8254:26096683 7972:33976847 7726:37449566 7392:Archived 7250:32627329 7145:25252052 6939:53149100 6925:: 1–10. 6885:18437496 6767:24223132 6727:PLOS ONE 6548:92736301 6509:92446020 6466:27049644 6426:PLOS ONE 6407:22949642 6196:22087218 6156:PLOS ONE 6100:37464931 6091:10415778 6016:Cat News 5924:34518374 5824:28281538 5772:31138092 5664:20961899 5500:(tiger)" 5454:38509845 5302:Archived 5127:24225466 5078:22016768 5038:PLOS ONE 5014:24045858 4974:: 2433. 4948:20138224 4916:Panthera 4901:26518481 4842:"Tigers" 4737:15583716 4663:Archived 4606:84054536 4586:Mammalia 4565:35892215 4541:(1979). 4513:37652999 4383:19142238 4343:PLOS ONE 4210:Archived 4185:"Tiger, 4137:37069598 4128:10111772 4080:33592092 4030:30482605 3970:Archived 3966:Cat News 3918:26601191 3858:62265494 3824:(2005). 3769:"Tigers" 3746:26560471 3677:Archived 3669:"τίγρις" 3518:See also 3462:The Lamb 3412:Dionysus 3396:Hinduism 3392:Buddhism 3219:circuses 3075:trophies 3014:orphaned 2942:ratified 2824:<150 2818:Malaysia 2806:148–189 2800:Thailand 2788:316–355 2752:573–600 2710:Country 2563:poaching 2475:Toxocara 2460:erinacei 2436:Studbook 2384:lordosis 2267:in 2158:snarling 2154:growling 2125:Captive 1915:Mae Wong 1845:and the 1795:Caucasus 1741:mutation 1701:wideband 1559:Panthera 1529:refugium 1516:Holocene 1469:Panthera 1444:lineages 1420:Panthera 1406:Panthera 1232:Panthera 946:Temminck 795:validity 775:Siberian 734:Panthera 690:Taxonomy 684:homonyms 672:Armenian 622:folklore 614:circuses 591:poaching 477:Panthera 428:Linnaeus 415:Synonyms 337:Linnaeus 298:Panthera 273:Family: 247:Mammalia 237:Chordata 233:Phylum: 227:Animalia 213:Domain: 173:IUCN 3.1 146:, India 17774:Biology 17762:Animals 17750:Mammals 17724:Portals 17704:ZooBank 17696:4969819 17538:1006023 17473:5219416 17193:M. furo 17138:Mustela 17087:Neogale 16934:Enhydra 16808:Ictonyx 16767:Vormela 16724:G. cuja 16651:Sable ( 16558:G. gulo 16523:Pekania 16508:Tayra ( 16305:Melinae 16117:Nasuina 16009:Procyon 15365:Phocini 15004:(seals) 14939:(seals) 14831:Ursinae 14773:(bears) 14768:Ursidae 14644:Dhole ( 14434:(zorro) 14308:V. cana 14218:Vulpini 14186:Urocyon 14170:Canidae 13962:U. urva 13466:Fossa ( 13386:Crocuta 13068:Genetta 12965:Viverra 12506:lineage 12428:lineage 12397:L. lynx 12253:Caracal 12227:lineage 12225:Caracal 12157:lineage 12155:Bay cat 12141:Felinae 12102:P. onca 12091:Tiger ( 12011:Felidae 11881:Class: 11860:species 11856:Extant 11811:"Tiger 11719:"Tiger 11406:6037359 11383:Bibcode 11354:7 March 10767:Bibcode 10728:Bibcode 10655:Bibcode 10599:7 April 10556:Bibcode 10520:Bibcode 10481:Bibcode 10422:Bibcode 10233:Bibcode 10186:Bibcode 10161:8 April 10064:9 April 9920:8 April 9782:Bibcode 9591:Bibcode 9550:Bibcode 9454:Bibcode 9418:9005341 9395:Bibcode 9354:Bibcode 9325:1 March 9278:Bibcode 9276:: 1–7. 9202:Bibcode 9165:Bibcode 9081:Bibcode 8912:Bibcode 8861:Bibcode 8820:Bibcode 8751:9545158 8728:Bibcode 8611:3747579 8038:Bibcode 7995:Bibcode 7963:8093734 7942:Bibcode 7901:Bibcode 7854:Bibcode 7811:Bibcode 7456:Bibcode 7368:Ecology 7277:Bibcode 7029:"Tiger 6898:29 June 6893:5558760 6855:Bibcode 6758:3819329 6735:Bibcode 6489:Bibcode 6457:4822765 6434:Bibcode 6398:3458348 6375:Bibcode 6336:Bibcode 6299:Bibcode 6260:Bibcode 6223:Bibcode 6187:3206793 6164:Bibcode 5915:8488692 5892:Bibcode 5815:5518981 5763:6544896 5655:3061134 5398:3504004 5191:Bibcode 5155:Bibcode 5118:3843846 5069:3189913 5046:Bibcode 5005:3778509 4976:Bibcode 4928:Bibcode 4892:4691742 4647:Bibcode 4556:9326283 4493:Bibcode 4428:Siebold 4374:2624500 4351:Bibcode 4281:Bibcode 4157:14 June 4153:. 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