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that aimed to implement restorative projects over the span of five-years. The resolution was initially introduced by the
Tijuana River Valley Recovery Team (TRVRT) whose ultimate goal is to progress and implement strategies originally introduced in January 2012, under the Tijuana River Valley Recovery Strategy regulatory measures. Other restorative measures across the U.S. include grants like the Community-based Marine Debris Removal Grant that brings organizations together in conjunction with community-based cleanups to remove trash and debris from the Tijuana River Valley. The debris removal grant began in 2014 and successfully removed over 400 tons of debris by 2016. A binational discussion on July 28, 2016, established upcoming proposed projects between the Border 2020 Tijuana River Watershed Task Force and the Tijuana River Valley Recovery Team. These discussions continue the national environmental resolutions agreement under the
684:, which was completed in 1939, but was proven to be inadequate as early as the late 1940s. By the 1950s, there were over 4 million gallons of sewage flowing into the river each day. Following a threat by the San Diego County's health officer, Mexico began to treat its sewage with chlorine. Usage of the outfall ended in 1962 due to the completion of a pumping plant, which discharged untreated sewage into the Pacific Ocean; the pumping plant broke down in 1975. In the 1960s an emergency link from Tijuana into the San Diego Water System was created, by the mid-1980s it was taking in about 15 million gallons a day of sewage. During the 1970s, up to ten million gallons of sewage entered the river each day from Tijuana.
720:. That same year in 1990, Mexico agreed to pay $ 41 million of the $ 192 million to construct the plant. The plant was completed in 1997. Water from the plant is discharged more than three miles offshore, but does not meet levels required by the Clean Water Act due to the lack of secondary treatment. Finished in January 2011, the plant received a $ 93 million upgrade. Other sewage that would have flowed into the Tijuana river is treated at the Punta Banderas treatment plant; it handles 30 million gallons of sewage a day. However, its discharge doesn't meet Mexican water standards, sometimes causing closure of beaches as far north as Coronado.
750:. Yet, in 2017, it was found by Proyecto Fronterizo de Educacion Ambiental that the release from the plant exceeded Mexico's minimum federal standards on bacterial levels. While Tijuana's sewage capture rate of 90% exceeds the Mexican national average of 50%, Roberto Espinosa of CILA is quoted as saying "Tijuana is a complex city, and it has a sanitary system that has never kept pace with the increase in population,". Due to the sewage in the river, it has been called "one of the most polluted waterways in the country". This has led to a multitude of beach closures in Imperial Beach. Each year the beach at
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806:, to investigate cross-border sewage spills. In April 2018, an earthen berm was constructed at the border across the Tijuana River, to stop sewage from flowing into the United States. In July 2018, environmental groups from Mexico and the United States made a criminal complaint regarding dumping of sewage into the Tijuana River against the state of Baja California. For a week in December 2018, 6-7 million gallons of sewage flowed into the Tijuana River due to a failure of a sewage main in Tijuana.
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774:. The sewage was first noticed in the middle of the month. Repairs of the sewer pipe were completed in late February 2017, but the exact dates when the sewage began and stopped entering the river were unknown as of March 2017, leading to calls for an investigation. By mid-March 2017, the California Department of Environmental Health found the water quality had returned to within health standards, opening beaches up to Coronado. In mid 2017,
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41:
873:. Exposure to such germs and viruses may lead to diarrhea, vomiting, fever, headaches, respiratory illness, infections, rashes and meningitis. From 2018 to 2024, more than 100,000,000,000 US gallons (380,000,000 kL) of wastewater have flowed from Mexico into the United States via the Tijuana River according to the International Boundary and Water Commission.
970:; a year later, some of those who had been removed from the Tijuana River canal had returned and began to live in tunnels which drain into the canal. Tijuana is a major resettling location for Mexicans deported from the United States, with some living on the Tijuana River canal. A 2016 study found that the Tijuana River Canal was a known site for where people
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to protect estuary waters. In 1988, the river was found to be the most populated river on the Mexico–United States border. In April 1990, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency found lead and mercury in the waters of the Tijuana River watershed that exceeded multiple times U.S. standards, prompting
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The Arroyo de las Palmas, the main tributary of the
Tijuana River, flows out of the mountains to the east into the reservoir behind the Abelardo L. RodrĂguez Dam. Downstream from the RodrĂguez Dam, water flows through Tijuana in a concrete channel to the international border; there it continues west
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and processed at the San Diego-Tijuana
Wastewater Treatment Plant. By late June, over 430,000,000 US gallons (1,600,000 kL) of sewage had spilled into the Tijuana River in 2019. In early September 2019, an additional 116,000,000 US gallons (440,000 kL) of contaminated water flowed into the
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described the river as one of the most polluted parts of San Diego, with the beaches near the mouth of the river closed for 204 days in 2013. In 2015, the amount of sewage treated on a dry day remained the same, at 13 million gallons. However, when it rains, the amount of sewage can increase to 27
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Over 30 federal, local, state, private and other interested groups want to develop binational long-term goals to address wastewater treatment and debris-related improvements. One major initiative introduced in the United States on March 16, 2015, was
Resolution R902015-0035, a Five-Year Action Plan
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sued the
International Boundary Water Commission. In response to the lawsuits, Mexico pledged $ 4.3 million towards Tijuana River cleanup; part of these funds will be used to replace deteriorating pipe in Tijuana that parallels the Tijuana River, which if it fails could release 4 million gallons of
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began to search for solutions to the sewage issue, after more than six dozen Border Patrol agents were negatively impacted by their contact with sewage in the
Tijuana River Valley; this included taking water and soil samples to assess the contamination levels which exist in waters and areas around
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In
February 2017, over 143 million gallons of sewage entered the river, larger than the usual few million gallons of sewage that is routine. Later, the amount of was revised upwards to over 200 million gallons. However, a Mexican water official claimed the spill was only 30 million gallons. The
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region by several decades. Raw-sewage overflows on the
Mexican side, from canyons along the river, are a recurring problem despite cross-border efforts to clean it up. In fact, they are the main source of pollution. In addition to sewage, trash is carried downstream causing damage to vegetation
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constructed concrete barriers along the riverbank to prevent flooding during his tenure. The United States was supposed to build a complementary system of barriers to ensure flooding waters didn't flow back into Mexico, but instead adopted a dissipator flood control plan under the direction of the
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Construction on the primary fence, stretching from the
Pacific Ocean to Otay Mountain, began in 1989. Made of 10-foot-tall Vietnam-era helicopter landing mats, this fence was welcome but proved ineffective. In 1996, the secondary fence of steel mesh was installed. Apprehensions of illegal border
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to handle several issues such as border sanitation. The IBWC went on to create the Tijuana River Flood Control Project in 1966 in order to create a flood control channels along the river. Mexico had completely complied by 1976 while the U.S. implementation stalled due to opposition at the local
732:, that then was treated by the Point Loma wastewater treatment plant; this is down from 20 million gallons per day in 1997 being treated by the city of San Diego, which it had received from Tijuana. Since 1998 the U.S. EPA has funded $ 42 million on sewage projects in Tijuana. In 2014, the
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level. Despite preventive measures, flooding in 1980 caused 11 deaths and property damage in bordering cities. Flooding due to high rainfall and sewage blockage continues to be a concern that endangers surrounding areas because of the wastewater pollution found in the river.
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million gallons per day, and the pump which funnels water to the treatment plant is shut off so it isn't overcome. Even when the flow is low, toxins, metals, solvents, pathogens, and sewage, end up becoming dust that can be breathed in and cause medical problems.
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that acknowledges the environmental and social responsibility of each country near its border regions. Under this treaty each country is under agreement to conserve, protect, and improve border regions for the overall well-being of the coinciding countries.
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was ratified providing $ 300,000,000 for abating water pollution in the Tijuana River. A significant amount of the money will be spent on improving the International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant. In addition, funding was increased to the
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have entered the oceans since Dec. 28, 2022, according to a UCSD statement. For years, public health officials say they have sampled beach waters of south San Diego County for fecal microbes, getting counts as an indicator for pathogens such as
517:, crossing the border approximately 5 mi (8 km) from the Pacific. It flows west, just skirting the international border south of the San Ysidro section of San Diego. The lower 2 mi (3 km) of the river form the broad mud flat
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before it enters Mexico where it is known as the Arroyo de Alamar from the point where it enters Mexico to its confluence with the larger tributary, the Arroyo de las Palmas, that forms the headwaters of the Tijuana River within the city.
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sewage a day into the river. In May 2018, California and the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board also created a lawsuit against the International Boundary Water Commission for sewage in the Tijuana River. In July 2018,
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began to surf there. It has been described as the "gold standard" in Southern California; with surfers using it as a training ground for surf found in Hawaii. Surfing at the Tijuana Sloughs is written to be similar to surfing at
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sewage from the Tijuana River flowed out of the Tijuana River Estuary, leading to beach closures in South Bay, San Diego. In February 2019, testing revealed significant pollutants flowing northward from Tijuana including
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for the Tijuana River Valley due to ongoing issues with the Tijuana River. According to a 1993 report by the city of San Diego, the city had collected an average of 13 million gallons (50 million liters) per day of raw
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Flooding in the Tijuana River had been a concern for both the United States and Mexico because it would lead to sewage runoff and would ultimately cause property damage to the surrounding area. In 1944, the
533:'s largest coastal wetland. It is naturally prone to flooding during heavy rains. The Tijuana River enters the Pacific 10 mi (15 km) south of downtown San Diego at the southern city limits of
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have watched over the area since 1939. Sewage from the river impacts water quality, which can lead to surfers becoming ill; one source describes that area as "virtually unsurfable due to pollution."
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break, which is a mile off shore. Winter waves can be as high as 12 feet or greater; 20 foot high waves are not unknown to occur. Surfing has been occurring at the slough since at least 1937, when
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The river has been used as a wastewater conduit since at least the early 20th century. As such, the issue of sewage in the Tijuana River predates other news stories about the
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within the regional park was approved at an expected cost of $ 8.3 million. As of April 2021, the campground is active and offers sites for tent campers, RVers, and yurts.
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have fallen sick due to the sewage flowing into local beaches. The most recent data showed that over 34,000 people in 2017 got sickened by the pollution and sewage in
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The river is an intermittent river, flowing naturally only during rains. The river is impounded in Mexico southeast of Tijuana by the Abelardo L. RodrĂguez Dam for
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Tijuana River, leading to continued beach closures. In early February 2020, over 100,000,000 US gallons (380,000 kL) of sewage flowed into the Tijuana River.
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On occasion, such as heavy rains early in 1980, it has spilled into farming areas such as Smuggler's Gulch, near the border, making them unfit for raising food.
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spill is the largest to occur in over ten years. The sewage spill was not initially reported by Mexican officials, but was noticed by residents on the
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plant, treated 15 million gallons of sewage a day to standards below U.S. secondary-level standards, pumping the water out into the Pacific Ocean at
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Proposed Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Tactical Infrastructure, U.S. Border Patrol San Diego Sector: Environmental Impact Statement
828:, where it was referred to as an "environmental disaster". In mid 2019, it was proposed that all water flowing northward on the Tijuana River be
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In February 2018, following the shutting off of a CILA pump station, a 15 million gallon sewage spill entered the Tijuana River. In March 2018,
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forests along the Tijuana River. It has an extensive system of trails for walking and equestrian access. In early 2019, construction of a
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was signed, this dealt with "utilization of waters in the Colorado and Tijuana rivers and of the Rio Grande." This treaty appointed the
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632:, and is also within the Estuarine Research Reserve. The Tijuana Slough Refuge protects one of southern California's largest remaining
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Anthony R. Turton; Johanna Hanlie Hattingh; Gillian A. Maree; Dirk J. Roux; Marius Claassen; Wilma F. Strydom (February 16, 2007).
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would be dismissed. In January 2019, the City of San Diego joined the lawsuit against the International Boundary Water Commission.
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1956:
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The first attempt to deal with sewage flowing into the Tijuana River was the creation of the International Outfall, a
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Surfer Magazine's Guide to Southern California Surf Spots: Santa Barbara - Ventura - Los Angeles - Orange - San Diego
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2011:
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through the Tijuana River Valley for a distance of about nine miles to the estuary and then to the Pacific Ocean.
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822:, pathogens, and carcinogens. In March 2019, the continuing sewage issue was highlighted by a story appearing in
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Proposed Recommendations for Solution of the Border Sanitation Problem at Tijuana, B.C.N. & San Diego, Cal
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Werb, D; Strathdee, SA; Vera, A; Arredondo, J; Beletsky, L; Gonzalez-Zuniga, P; Gaines, T (April 28, 2016).
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in 1989, followed by construction of a secondary fence beginning in 1996. Due to the fences, the amount of
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the Tijuana River watershed. In March 2018, a bi-partisan delegation of San Diego County's members of the
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3528:"Spatial Patterns of Arrest, Police Assault, and Addiction Treatment Center Locations in Tijuana, Mexico"
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2594:"Ongoing Spill in Mexico Floods Tijuana River, SoCal Beaches With Millions of Gallons of Raw Sewage"
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Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005). Richard D. Wright; Rafael Vela (eds.).
2425:"Border Patrol agents say Tijuana River pollution is making them sick, and officials want it fixed"
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system in the United States. The reserve is managed in part as a Biological Field Station by the
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is a rich habitat for wildlife, including over 370 species of birds; one of these species is the
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3163:"Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Marine Debris Cleanup and Reduction Program"
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Kennedy, William (1979). "Ecology and the Border: The Case of the Tijuana Flood Control Chan".
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to block the flow of sewage crossing the border. Partial progress was made in the 1980s with a
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2838:"Bacteria from Tijuana Sewage is Pushed Airborne; A New Institute Will Study its Human Impact"
2038:"Tijuana sewage spills have been an environmental problem for decades so what's the solution?"
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Areas of the Tijuana River canal are home to individuals described as "ñongo". In March 2015,
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in the area around and crossing the Tijuana River, began with construction of a fence made of
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4095:. Sixth Annual Eccles Family Rural West Conference. Yakima, Washington: Stanford University.
3358:"USMCA trade pact includes $ 300M for U.S.-Mexico border sewer woes, but critics fault deal"
2864:"San Diego County faces multifront health threat amid transboundary sewage flow from Mexico"
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974:. In 2018, more than 20 bodies were found in or near the Tijuana River, on the Mexico side.
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3385:"Trump administration waives environmental review to replace more San Diego border fencing"
2969:"California Attorney General Plans Lawsuit Over Tijuana River Sewage Flowing into the U.S."
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1146:"Tijuana River Spill as Pump Station on Mexican Side Shut Down with no Prior Notification"
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8:
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2942:"NADB Supports Projects to Address Recent Spills to the Tijuana River in Baja California"
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1714:"Toxicity Identification Evaluation of Wet and Dry Weather Runoff from the Tijuana River"
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made an additional lawsuit regarding sewage in the Tijuana River. In August 2018, Judge
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Where North Meets South: Cities, Space, and Politics on the United States-Mexico Border
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2701:"New legislation introduced to help prevent sewage flow from the Tijuana River Valley"
2648:"Banned pesticides and industrial chemicals found flowing from Tijuana into San Diego"
1931:"Two countries, one sewage problem: Tijuana and San Diego grapple with renegade flows"
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2346:"Border Patrol agents said Tijuana sewage problem worse now than in previous decades"
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district of San Diego. It protects over 1,800 acres (730 ha), including dense
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621:, which also protects part of the estuary near the ocean within the United States.
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2241:"'Tsunami of sewage spills' at Mexican border 'deliberate,' says California mayor"
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International Boundary & Water Commission, United States & Mexico (1981).
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zones, so the Tijuana River and its tributaries often go dry in times of drought.
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1518:"Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan"
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2161:"Top SD Water Official Wants Tijuana to Prioritize Sewer Water Over Desal Water"
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3305:"New North American Trade Deal Provides $ 300M To Fight Cross-Border Pollution"
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564:, which preserved the estuary, which was then designated a wildlife sanctuary.
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441:, to supply water to the city of San Diego. Cottonwood Creek is joined by the
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Wagner, Denns; Harris, Craig; Soto, Juilieta; Yang, Madeline (March 9, 2023).
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3285:"$ 300M included in trade deal with Mexico to address cross-border pollution"
3267:"New USMCA Trade Deal Includes $ 300 Million to Stop Tijuana River Pollution"
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crossers in the area steeply declined as crossing routes moved farther east.
3067:"San Diego Votes to Join State Lawsuit Over Sewage Flows Into Tijuana River"
3041:"Judge allows South Bay lawsuit over Tijuana sewage overflows to move ahead"
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along the border south of the Tijuana River has been significantly reduced.
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2115:"Mexican sewage spill much worse than original estimates, congressman says"
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was removed from the Tijuana River canal, some of whom had previously been
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790:. In all of 2017, beaches near the Tijuana River were closed for 167 days.
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professor did. An estimated 13 billion gallons of polluted water from the
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of northern Baja California, approximately 45 mi (70 km) ENE of
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2782:"Tijuana dumping more toxic sewage just days after congress promises aid"
2496:"Congressional Delegation Presents Unified Voice On Border Sewage Spills"
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In January 2017, the Punta Banderas treatment plant, officially known as
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3416:"Ă‘ongos: A Document of the Tijuana River's Improvised Housing Community"
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Sally M. Edwards; Terry D. Edwards; Charles B. Fields (August 1, 2013).
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running through it. Designated as a Globally Important Bird Area by the
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3838:"Huge waves at the Tijuana Sloughs are tempting, but dangerous Surfing"
2755:"More than 100M gallons of sewage spill from Mexico into Tijuana River"
2621:"High Surf Pushes Contaminated Ocean Water Onto Imperial Beach Streets"
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John C. Elwell; Jane Schmauss; California Surf Museum (July 4, 2007).
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2187:"Roundtable: San Diego Encounters Trump's Budget And Tijuana's Sewage"
52:
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Wild Sea: Eco-wars and Surf Stories from the Coast of the Californias
2812:"Promises, Promises: Tijuana sewage crisis sickens tens of thousands"
2548:"Environmental group prepares criminal complaint over Tijuana sewage"
2475:(Report). United States Customs and Border Protection. March 13, 2019
2294:"Federal Officials to Investigate Tijuana River Sewage Spill (VIDEO)"
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Environmental Crime and Criminality: Theoretical and Practical Issues
1092:"Tijuana River Estuary Endures In Face Of Many Ecological Challenges"
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of the Tijuana River is the location of the Tijuana Sloughs big-wave
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amidst a highly urbanized environment at the southern city limits of
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1349:"Tijuana River reopened after blockage kills sharks, floods streets"
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3332:"Congressional Delegation Highlights USMCA's Tijuana River Funding"
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Governance as a Trialogue: Government-Society-Science in Transition
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for its lower 5 mi (8 km) to empty into the ocean at the
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San Diego State University (SDSU) Tijuana River Watershed webpage
3603:"Cop beheadings reflect escalating brutality of Mexican drug war"
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378:. The river is heavily polluted with raw sewage from the city of
3902:. The Editors of Surfer Magazine. Chronicle Books. p. 164.
2135:"Huge sewage spill was perhaps far bigger: 230 million gallons?"
770:, the sewage discharge was due to a repair of a sewer pipe near
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coast. The impact of the spill affected waters as far north as
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3497:"In Tijuana, Mexicans Deported by U.S. Struggle to Find 'Home'"
2523:"Crews build berms in effort to prevent sewage flows into U.S."
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The Tijuana River has not been off limits to the impact of the
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2057:"Large sewage spill in Tijuana, Mexico, flows north of border"
1527:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 2010
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2728:"1.8 million gallon sewage spill in the Tijuana River Valley"
2372:"Environmentalists oppose campground in Tijuana River Valley"
644:, over 370 species of birds have been sighted on the refuge.
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2916:"Mexico Pledges $ 4.3 Million Effort To Stop Tijuana Spills"
2214:"Imperial Beach Mayor Blasts Reaction To Major Sewage Spill"
913:
465:. The river has been the subject of great concern regarding
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The World in the Curl: An Unconventional History of Surfing
2483:– via California State Water Resources Control Board.
1983:"Border Patrol on Tijuana River gains respect from enviros"
1493:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 186–196.
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agents reported sewage flowing into the Tijuana River from
3641:"County Supervisors OK Campground in Tijuana River Valley"
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TRNERR — Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve
981:; in one instance in June 2006 the severed heads of three
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Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State
3443:"Displaced By Two Countries: Tijuana's Homeless Migrants"
3015:"Surfrider Foundation to File Lawsuit Over Sewage Spills"
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National Estuarine Research Reserve System: Tijuana River
1001:
The Tijuana River Valley Regional Park is located in the
815:
2753:
Gregorczyk, Kasia; Earnest, Malik (September 17, 2019).
2444:"Boot-Melting Mexican Sewage Has San Diego Seeking Help"
664:
Warning sign at Border Field State Park in December 2014
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The majority of its watershed is within Mexico, between
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County of San Diego: Tijuana River Valley Regional Park
2089:"Tijuana fouls U.S. beaches, may have been intentional"
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2988:"California AG ready to sue over Tijuana River sewage"
1929:
Sandra Dibble; Joshua Emerson Smith (March 12, 2017).
1718:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
691:, as Mayor of Imperial Beach, dammed the river with a
3811:"A Toxic River Runs Through It: Tijuana River Valley"
1554:
Committee on Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials
1482:
1480:
1372:
1041:
Surfing at the sloughs has impacted the evolution of
453:
Its lower reaches provide the last undeveloped coast
3601:
Marosi, Richard; Boudreau, Richard (June 25, 2006).
2809:
2805:
2803:
425:, runs in its upper reaches in the United States as
3495:Quinones, Sam; Hoagland, Eros (November 21, 2014).
2619:Little, Joe; Avitabile, Rafael (January 18, 2019).
1651:"HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO & TIJUANA SEWAGE SYSTEMS"
1580:"Tijuana sewage spills: generations of frustration"
881:In March 2018, due to sewage in the Tijuana River,
648:have been recorded in the past in the river during
606:protects 2,293 acres (928 ha) and studies the
4089:The case of the Tijuana River binational watershed
4010:Peter J. Westwick; Peter Neushul (July 23, 2013).
2600:. Los Angeles. Associated Press. December 12, 2018
2470:Tijuana Wastewater Flows- Impact on CBP Operations
2184:
1547:"EPA's Border Water Program and the Tijuana River"
1477:
1312:Bath, Richard (1981). "Resolving Water Disputes".
1219:
4348:Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve
4267:International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant
3291:. San Diego. City News Service. December 11, 2019
2890:"Study Aims To Tackle Cross-Border Sewage Spills"
2800:
2752:
2325:. New York City. Associated Press. March 11, 2017
985:police officers were found in the Tijuana River.
604:Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve
433:southwestward where it is impounded by two dams,
4493:
4119:San Diego Earth Times: Tijuana River Controversy
3494:
1924:
1922:
1902:"State of emergency in the Tijuana River Valley"
1795:"U.S. and Mexico Take On a Joint Burden: Sewage"
1116:
723:Since 1993, the City of San Diego has renewed a
3929:
3752:Wave-Finder Mexico: The Ultimate Surfer's Guide
3666:"Tijuana River Valley Regional Park Campground"
2618:
2319:"California Beach Reopens After Sewage Cleared"
1425:
1314:Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science
1226:. University of Texas Press. pp. 194–201.
485:Tijuana River seen from a pedestrian bridge in
4141:SCCOOS Tijuana River Stormwater Plume Tracking
4085:
3792:"Surfhenge Surfboard Benches by Malcolm Jones"
3742:
3701:. University of California Press. p. 86.
3600:
2974:. Santa Barbara: The Social Justice Foundation
2573:Stickney, R; Ries, Jamie (December 14, 2018).
2082:
2080:
2078:
1687:"Tijuana River: a controversy runs through it"
1623:"Mexico's Wayward Waste: U.S. Is Unhappy Host"
1573:
1571:
1512:
1510:
1123:. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 8.
906:could proceed, but that lawsuits based on the
4161:
3695:Philip L. Fradkin; Alex Leon Fradkin (2011).
3470:"Why Tijuana's 'Tunnel People' Take The Risk"
3139:
2922:. San Diego. Associated Press. March 27, 2018
2029:
2005:
2003:
1919:
1273:"Tijuana River Flood Control Project (TRFCP)"
4040:
3721:
3582:(in Spanish). Tijuana, BC. December 16, 2018
2896:. San Diego. City News Service. May 18, 2018
2572:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
709:San Diego-Tijuana Wastewater Treatment Plant
358:, 120 mi (195 km) long, near the
4175:
4086:Muñoz Meléndez, Gabriela (March 22, 2018).
3215:
3213:
3189:"U.S.-MEXICO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM Summary"
3135:
3133:
2646:Smith, Joshua Emerson (February 13, 2019).
2399:"Is latest trans-border sewage spill news?"
2075:
1850:"Cross-border flows raise renewed concerns"
1843:
1841:
1568:
1507:
1277:International Boundary and Water Commission
1252:International Boundary and Water Commission
1178:
591:International Boundary and Water Commission
390:The Tijuana River drains an area along the
4336:San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex
4168:
4154:
4136:San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex
3798:. Unified Port of San Diego. June 13, 2008
3728:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 519.
2698:
2000:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1375:at the Tijuana Estuary. accessed 6.16.2012
630:San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex
4362:Cities, communities, & municipalities
3895:
3551:
3092:"Recovery Strategy Living with the Water"
1680:
1678:
1656:. University of San Diego. Archived from
1200:
914:21st-century water improvement agreements
3983:
3896:Simon, Seymour; Bell, Elizabeth (2006).
3835:
3467:
3440:
3264:
3210:
3142:"Tijuana River Valley Recovery Strategy"
3130:
2985:
2966:
2575:"IBWC: Tijuana Wastewater Spill Stopped"
2493:
2211:
2055:Weber, Christopher (February 26, 2017).
1838:
1711:
1597:
1179:Islas Parra, Victor (October 11, 2011).
1089:
659:
492:
480:
4341:Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge
3777:"South Bay Historical Society Bulletin"
3302:
2725:
2671:
2291:
2185:Pat Finn; Mark Sauer (March 24, 2017).
2133:Smith, Joshua Emerson (March 6, 2017).
2087:Smith, Joshua Emerson (March 1, 2017).
1786:
1684:
1620:
1577:
1556:. California State Assembly. March 2015
1446:
1296:
1172:
1120:San Ysidro and The Tijuana River Valley
768:International Boundary Water Commission
626:Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge
309:33,500 cu ft/s (950 m/s)
278:Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge
4507:Rivers of San Diego County, California
4494:
3936:. Taylor & Francis. p. 3073.
3869:
3698:The Left Coast: California on the Edge
3065:Nguyen, Alexander (January 29, 2019).
3064:
2861:
2779:
2520:
2441:
2396:
2369:
2344:Smith, Joshua Emerson (May 26, 2017).
2265:
2238:
2158:
2112:
2035:
2009:
1980:
1954:
1899:
1873:
1847:
1821:"Sewage Flowed Freely Without Warning"
1792:
1675:
1621:Meislin, Richard J. (March 14, 1985).
1578:Smolens, Michael (February 18, 2018).
1143:
908:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
800:United States House of Representatives
289:42.5 cu ft/s (1.20 m/s)
4522:International rivers of North America
4149:
3676:from the original on December 4, 2019
3639:Sklar, Debbie L. (January 30, 2019).
3638:
3576:"Convierten el canal en "cementerio""
3355:
3330:Huard, Christine (January 31, 2020).
3329:
3265:Jennwein, Chris (December 11, 2019).
3038:
3012:
2674:"There's a poop crisis at the border"
2645:
2450:. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc
2422:
2343:
2132:
2086:
2054:
1818:
1772:. Taylor & Francis. p. 102.
1712:Gersberg, Richard M (December 1999).
1346:
929:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement
255:1,750 sq mi (4,500 km)
4071:. San Diego State University Press.
3413:
3382:
3303:Chawaga, Peter (December 18, 2019).
2862:Udasin, Sharon (February 13, 2024).
2835:
2212:Anderson, Erik (February 27, 2017).
1955:Larson, Thomas (November 19, 2019).
1848:Dibble, Sandra (December 19, 2015).
1311:
1299:Environmental Problems Along the Bor
1090:Anderson, Erik (September 7, 2017).
957:illegal entry into the United States
701:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
610:. It was established as part of the
571:to the east, and hills to the west.
3984:Hargrove, Dorian (March 12, 2009).
3039:Davis, Kristina (August 30, 2018).
2442:Dooley, Emily C. (March 25, 2019).
2397:Graham, Marty (February 20, 2018).
2266:Graham, Marty (February 21, 2017).
1900:Graham, Marty (December 15, 2016).
1429:Green Atlas: A Multimedia Reference
612:National Estuarine Research Reserve
45:Dam on the Tijuana River in Mexico.
13:
4353:Tijuana River Valley Regional Park
4034:
3963:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 28.
3836:Melekian, Brad (January 2, 2007).
3755:. Wavefinder Limited. p. 25.
3013:Sklar, Debbie L. (July 17, 2018).
2986:Martinez, Felicia (May 15, 2018).
2672:Ferdman, Roberto (March 8, 2019).
2521:Rivera, Salvador (April 6, 2018).
2113:Rivera, Salvador (March 7, 2017).
2010:Graham, Marty (January 19, 2017).
1874:Dedina, Serge (January 10, 2007).
1144:Troxel, Luan (February 21, 2018).
1117:Barbara Zaragoza (June 23, 2014).
850:University of California San Diego
597:
429:. It runs from its source in the
14:
4553:
4100:
3933:Encyclopedia of American Folklife
3930:Simon J Bronner (March 4, 2015).
3779:. City of Chula Vista. April 2016
3749:David Small; Larry Blair (2005).
3468:Guerrero, Jean (March 29, 2016).
3441:Guerrero, Jean (March 28, 2018).
3414:Vera, Marco (February 21, 2013).
2494:Anderson, Erik (March 26, 2018).
2370:Rivera, Salvador (July 3, 2018).
2036:Dibble, Sandra (August 2, 2018).
1957:"San Diego's most polluted areas"
1432:. SAGE Publications. p. 32.
902:ruled that lawsuits based on the
616:San Diego State University (SDSU)
587:United States-Mexico Water Treaty
4240:
4205:
4016:. Crown/Archetype. p. 184.
4003:
3977:
3950:
3923:
3383:Rowe, Peter (February 9, 2019).
3167:OR&R's Marine Debris Program
2780:Plante, Dan (February 3, 2020).
2726:Shotsky, Amanda (June 2, 2019).
2012:"Whoa, Mexico, that water clean"
1793:Mydans, Seth (August 22, 1990).
1426:Dustin Mulvaney (July 3, 2013).
876:
421:. One, the Arroyo de Alamar or
299:0 cu ft/s (0 m/s)
51:
39:
4047:. University of Arizona Press.
3889:
3870:Wycoff, Ann (August 23, 2010).
3863:
3829:
3769:
3715:
3688:
3658:
3632:
3620:
3594:
3568:
3519:
3488:
3461:
3434:
3407:
3376:
3349:
3323:
3258:
3181:
3155:
3084:
3058:
3032:
3006:
2967:Wheeling, Kate (May 15, 2018).
2960:
2934:
2908:
2882:
2855:
2829:
2773:
2746:
2719:
2692:
2665:
2639:
2612:
2566:
2540:
2514:
2487:
2462:
2416:
2390:
2363:
2337:
2311:
2292:Klamper, Ruth (March 3, 2017).
2285:
2259:
2232:
2205:
2178:
2152:
2106:
2048:
1974:
1948:
1893:
1867:
1812:
1759:
1705:
1693:. Chris Klein, Earth Media, Inc
1643:
1614:
1539:
1419:
1408:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1347:Baker, Debbi (April 12, 2016).
1340:
1305:
1181:"MuriĂł ayer Milton Castellanos"
1045:, as well as regional culture.
968:deported from the United States
934:North American Development Bank
836:For decades citizens from both
574:
505:The Tijuana River rises in the
417:The Tijuana River has two main
3580:Agencia Fronteriza de Noticias
3356:James, Ian (January 8, 2020).
2836:Kitt, Megan (March 22, 2023).
2378:. San Diego. City News Service
2239:Gaydos, Ryan (March 3, 2017).
1981:Graham, Marty (June 6, 2017).
1290:
1265:
1240:
1137:
1110:
1083:
1071:
677:and contributing to flooding.
476:
473:, and U.S. border protection.
196: • coordinates
121:, San Ysidro (Baja California)
57:Map of the Tijuana River basin
16:River in Mexico and California
1:
4542:Rivers of Southern California
4112:SDSU Biological Field Station
4065:Tijuana River Watershed Atlas
2423:Moran, Greg (March 6, 2018).
2159:Rivard, Ry (March 16, 2017).
1819:Davis, Rob (April 11, 2012).
1078:Parks.ca.gov: Tijuana Estuary
1064:
991:
795:Customs and Border Protection
655:
126:Physical characteristics
4527:South Bay (San Diego County)
2323:U.S. News & World Report
2268:"Tijuana River flushed hard"
1525:Office of Coastal Management
1059:List of rivers in California
949:Mexico–United States barrier
848:according to a study that a
235: • elevation
158: • elevation
7:
4197:Mexico–United States border
4124:NOAA: Tijuana River Reserve
3817:. Medium. February 16, 2018
3725:The Encyclopedia of Surfing
2699:Dan Plante (June 7, 2019).
1685:Saldaña, Lori (June 1994).
1459:"Sewage History of Tijuana"
1353:The San Diego Union Tribune
1220:Lawrence A. Herzog (1990).
1052:
670:Mexico–United States border
636:without a road or railroad
579:
553:Milton Castellanos Everardo
406:. The region straddles the
385:
273: • location
184: • location
146: • location
10:
4558:
3364:. Palm Springs, California
1016:
305: • maximum
295: • minimum
285: • average
4502:Rivers of Baja California
4478:
4466:
4361:
4331:Cleveland National Forest
4311:
4280:
4257:Abelardo L. RodrĂguez Dam
4249:
4238:
4212:
4203:
4186:
3391:. San Diego Union-Tribune
809:In early 2019, following
744:San Antonio de los Buenos
642:American Bird Conservancy
330:
322:
317:
313:
303:
293:
283:
271:
263:
259:
251:
247:120 mi (190 km)
243:
233:
194:
182:
170:
166:
156:
144:
134:
130:
125:
106:
95:
81:
67:
62:
50:
38:
23:
996:
947:The construction of the
942:
754:is closed for 233 days.
550:Baja California Governor
402:on the southern edge of
162:614 ft (187 m)
151:Municipality of Ensenada
4319:Border Field State Park
3842:San Diego Union-Tribune
3476:. National Public Radio
3311:. Horsham, Pennsylvania
3045:San Diego Union-Tribune
2554:. Oaxaca. July 16, 2018
2448:Bloomberg Environmental
2350:San Diego Union-Tribune
2139:San Diego Union-Tribune
2042:San Diego Union-Tribube
1935:San Diego Union-Tribune
1854:San Diego Union-Tribune
1584:San Diego Union-Tribune
752:Border Field State Park
513:. It flows WNW through
332: • left
4532:Geography of San Diego
4192:
3246:Cite journal requires
3118:Cite journal requires
802:wrote a letter to the
712:fears of outbreaks of
665:
558:San Diego City Council
502:
490:
366:state in northwestern
351:
31:
4517:Borders of California
4129:July 6, 2004, at the
4041:Serge Dedina (2011).
3722:Matt Warshaw (2005).
3474:All Things Considered
3196:Border 2020 Factsheet
1730:10.1007/s001289901026
1691:San Diego Earth Times
964:a homeless encampment
921:1983 La Paz Agreement
663:
608:Tijuana River Estuary
523:Tijuana River Estuary
499:Tijuana River Estuary
496:
484:
408:Mediterranean climate
400:Tijuana River Estuary
4454:Tijuana River Valley
3960:Surfing in San Diego
3629:. accessed 6.16.2012
3507:on November 24, 2014
1387:. accessed 6.16.2012
1168:. 2007. p. 321.
1080:. accessed 6.16.2012
1003:Tijuana River Valley
896:Surfrider Foundation
705:wastewater treatment
336:Arroyo de las Palmas
239:0 ft (0 m)
218:32.5517°N 117.1271°W
4472:Pacific Coast Trail
4391:Valle de Las Palmas
3501:National Geographic
2920:KPBS Midday Edition
820:hexavalent chromium
619:College of Sciences
531:Southern California
396:Southern California
372:Southern California
318:Basin features
214: /
3876:San Diego Magazine
3645:Times of San Diego
3538:(111): 1246–1256.
3336:Times of San Diego
3271:Times of San Diego
3221:"La Paz Agreement"
3140:California, S. O.
3071:Times of San Diego
3019:Times of San Diego
2247:. Associated Press
2165:Voice of San Diego
2063:. Associated Press
1880:Voice of San Diego
1825:Voice of San Diego
1627:The New York Times
1463:San Diego Magazine
1402:2007-06-08 at the
1397:SDSU Field Station
725:state of emergency
707:, by creating the
666:
503:
491:
392:U.S.–Mexico border
362:coast of northern
356:intermittent river
223:32.5517; -117.1271
4489:
4488:
4384:Playas de Tijuana
4054:978-0-8165-2903-2
4023:978-0-307-71948-5
3970:978-1-4396-3413-4
3943:978-1-317-47194-3
3909:978-0-8118-5000-1
3762:978-0-9581726-7-7
3708:978-0-520-25509-8
3544:10.1111/add.13350
3389:Los Angeles Times
2870:. Washington, D.C
2816:The Coronado News
2552:Mexico News Daily
2429:Los Angeles Times
2093:Los Angeles Times
1779:978-1-135-81303-1
1663:on March 26, 2017
1500:978-3-540-46266-8
1439:978-1-4833-1804-2
1233:978-0-292-79053-7
1130:978-1-4396-4592-5
900:Jeffrey T. Miller
891:Port of San Diego
697:Clean Water Grant
674:San Diego–Tijuana
412:semi-arid climate
340:
339:
4549:
4400:San Diego County
4298:Smuggler's Gulch
4293:Laguna Mountains
4244:
4225:Cottonwood Creek
4209:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4147:
4146:
4096:
4094:
4082:
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4028:
4027:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3990:San Diego Reader
3986:"Endless Bummer"
3981:
3975:
3974:
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3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3848:on July 25, 2008
3844:. Archived from
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3807:
3805:
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3788:
3786:
3784:
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3589:
3587:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3503:. Archived from
3492:
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3483:
3481:
3465:
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3029:
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3025:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2972:Pacific Standard
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2948:. April 24, 2018
2938:
2932:
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2403:San Diego Reader
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2272:San Diego Reader
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2110:
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2045:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2016:San Diego Reader
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:San Diego Reader
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1961:San Diego Reader
1952:
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1945:
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1906:San Diego Reader
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979:Mexican Drug War
780:Smuggler's Gulch
735:San Diego Reader
507:Sierra de Juárez
459:San Diego County
431:Laguna Mountains
427:Cottonwood Creek
333:
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229:
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100:San Diego County
55:
43:
21:
20:
4557:
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4537:Ocean pollution
4492:
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4369:Baja California
4357:
4324:Friendship Park
4312:Protected areas
4307:
4276:
4245:
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4210:
4199:
4195:
4182:
4174:
4131:Wayback Machine
4103:
4092:
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4035:Further reading
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3878:
3872:"Battle for IB"
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2020:
2018:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1876:"Trump's Folly"
1872:
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1839:
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1619:
1615:
1610:. pp. 6–7.
1602:
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1540:
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1508:
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1478:
1468:
1466:
1465:. December 2007
1457:
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1409:
1404:Wayback Machine
1395:
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1310:
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1248:"IBWC Treaties"
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1067:
1055:
1043:surfing culture
1019:
999:
994:
988:
945:
939:
916:
904:Clean Water Act
879:
811:seasonal storms
658:
628:is part of the
600:
598:Nature reserves
582:
577:
560:, supported by
479:
388:
380:Tijuana, Mexico
374:in the western
364:Baja California
331:
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222:
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86:Baja California
58:
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34:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4426:
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4419:Morena Village
4416:
4414:Imperial Beach
4411:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
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4376:
4365:
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4158:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4102:
4101:External links
4099:
4098:
4097:
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4059:
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3406:
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3348:
3322:
3257:
3248:|journal=
3209:
3198:. June 6, 2012
3180:
3169:. May 19, 2017
3154:
3129:
3120:|journal=
3097:. January 2012
3083:
3057:
3031:
3005:
2959:
2946:Coronado Times
2933:
2907:
2881:
2854:
2842:Coronado Times
2828:
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2772:
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2691:
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2298:Coronado Times
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2105:
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1999:
1973:
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1799:New York Times
1785:
1778:
1758:
1724:(5): 625–632.
1704:
1674:
1642:
1613:
1596:
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1418:
1415:Refuge profile
1407:
1389:
1377:
1365:
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1289:
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1232:
1199:
1171:
1150:Coronado Times
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1129:
1109:
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1062:
1061:
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1036:Saunder's Reef
1018:
1015:
998:
995:
993:
990:
983:Rosarito Beach
944:
941:
915:
912:
887:Imperial Beach
878:
875:
846:Imperial Beach
788:Yogurt Canyons
682:marine outfall
657:
654:
599:
596:
581:
578:
576:
573:
542:drinking water
535:Imperial Beach
527:Ridgway's rail
478:
475:
463:Imperial Beach
387:
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189:Imperial Beach
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4512:Border rivers
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4303:Yogurt Canyon
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4177:Tijuana River
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