202:(MEMS) sensors enables tilt angle measuring tasks to be performed conveniently in both single and dual axis mode. Ultra-high precision 2-axis MEMS driven digital inclinometer/ tiltmeter instruments are available for speedy angle measurement applications and surface profiling requiring very high resolution and accuracy of one arc second. The 2-axis MEMS driven inclinometers/ tiltmeters can be digitally compensated and precisely calibrated for non-linearity and operating temperature variation, resulting in higher angular accuracy and stability performance over wider angular measurement range and broader operating temperature range. Further, digital display of readings can effectively prevent parallax error as experienced when viewing traditional ‘bubble’ vials located at a distance.
187:, noted that the most favorable arrangement to obtain high sensitivity and immunity from temperature perturbations is to use the equipotential surface defined by water in a buried half-filled water pipe. This was a simple arrangement of two water pots, connected by a long water-filled tube. Any change in tilt would be registered by a difference in fill-mark of one pot compared to the other. Although extensively used throughout the world for Earth-science research, they have proven to be quite difficult to operate. For example, due to their high sensitivity to temperature differentials, these always have to be read in the middle of the night.
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principle, as used in the common carpenter level. As shown in the figure, an arrangement of electrodes senses the exact position of the bubble in the electrolytic solution, to a high degree of precision. Any small changes in the level are recorded using a standard datalogger. This arrangement is
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reflectors. Although they had been used for other applications such as volcano monitoring, they have distinct disadvantages, such as their huge length and sensitivity to air currents. Even in dams, they are slowly being replaced by the modern electronic tiltmeter.
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The most dramatic application of tiltmeters is in the area of volcanic eruption prediction. As shown in this figure from the USGS, the main volcano in
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designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures. Tiltmeters are used extensively for monitoring
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Volcano and Earth movement monitoring then used the water-tube, long baseline tiltmeter. In 1919, the renowned physicist,
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The modern electronic tiltmeter, which is slowly replacing all other forms of tiltmeter, uses a simple
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quite insensitive to temperature, and can be fully compensated, using built-in thermal electronics.
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This article is about dynamic measurement of tilt. For static measurement, see
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Tiltmeters have a long history, somewhat parallel to the history of the
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Geotechnical instrumentation for monitoring field performance
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