3711:
170:. They were originally intended to provide frequency references at 2.5, 5 and 10 MHz, originally only occasionally during the day. At first, there were announcements every fifteen minutes, beginning with the Morse code representation of "MSF MSF MSF" (MSF is "-- ··· ··-·" in Morse code), followed by speech "This is MSF, Rugby, England, transmitting ...". From May 1953, the signal was broadcast 24 hours a day, but with regular five-minute stoppages to allow the reception of other signals. The 60 kHz signal finally became an uninterrupted 24-hour service in 1966, and the frequency references were discontinued in February 1988.
2220:
34:
2470:
2208:
2196:
2184:
3705:
2148:
3486:
2518:
2256:
1195:, which occur less than once a year on average. The only indication is a change in the number of padding bits before the time code during the minute before the leap second. Therefore, unless a leap-second announcement is manually entered into a receiver in advance, it may take some time until an autonomous MSF receiver regains synchronization with UTC after a leap second (especially if the reception is not robust at the time of the leap second).
2160:
2482:
136:
2232:
2506:
2268:
2136:
2494:
2244:
2172:
3496:
41:
303:(including wristwatches) with both digital and analog displays using the NPL signal are widely used. (Similar clocks are available in other regions with standard time transmissions.) As far as users are concerned they are simply clocks with the same features and settings as others, but always display the right time, and correct themselves for
1164:, most significant bit first. Beginning with bit 17A comes 4 bits of tens of years, 4 bits of years, 1 bit of tens of months, 4 bits of months, 2 bits of tens of days, 4 bits of days, 3 bits of day of week (0=Sunday), 2 bits of tens of hours, 4 bits of hours, 3 bits of tens of minutes, and 4 bits of minutes.
218:
The formal inauguration of the relocated facility took place on 1 April 2007, when the name of the service became "The Time from NPL" and the signal from Rugby was permanently switched off. The change in location and consequent change in signal strength can make some equipment designed to use the MSF
1182:
Bit 58B indicates the broadcast time is summer time. Bit 53B gives warning that the summer time bit is about to change. It is set for 61 consecutive minutes, starting 1 hour 7 seconds before the change, and ending 7 seconds before the change, 5 seconds before the first changed bit 58B, which is
320:
When MSF was first introduced, in 1950, it consisted only of seconds and minute markers, with no coded data. In 1974, a short burst of binary code at 100 bit/s was inserted into the minute marker to specify the time. In 1977, a slow code was introduced, which encoded the time at 1 bit/s over the
271:
to within 2 parts in 10. The signal strength is greater than 10 mV/m at 100 km (60 miles); it is greater than 100 μV/m at 1,000 km (600 miles) from the transmitter, and thus can be received at not less than this strength throughout the UK. The signal can also be received, and is widely
246:
allocated to the United
Kingdom, and the letters 'SF' were allocated for no documented reason. This resulted in the common terminology "the MSF signal", which is still used by the NPL. The official history of the service says that "Rugby was given an additional commitment for the transmission of
1171:
never appears elsewhere in the A bits; due to BCD encoding, at most five consecutive 1 bits can appear elsewhere in the A bits (bits 27A–31A, on July 30 or 31, or bits 33A–37A, if a day ending in 7 falls on a
Saturday). These six consecutive 1 bits thus uniquely identify the end of the minute.
163:, were transmitted during the 5 minutes preceding 03:00, 09:00, 15:00 and 21:00. Transmitter GBZ on 19.6 kHz was used as a reserve, when GBR was off-air for maintenance. Eventually, time signals from GBR were terminated in November 1986 and it is no longer used as a frequency reference.
1152:
Consecutive bits from 01B–08B are set to 1 to indicate positive DUT1 values from +0.1s to +0.8s. For example, bit 05B is set if DUT1 ≥ 0.5 s. Consecutive bits from 09B–16B are set to 1 to indicate negative DUT1 values from −0.1s to −0.8s. For example, bit 11B is set if DUT1 ≤ −0.3 s.
219:
signal fail to continue doing so. This is found more in domestic equipment not designed for optimum sensitivity and positioned haphazardly. Currently, the signal from
Anthorn is still useable, in the location of the Mediterranean, although it is weaker than Rugby.
2272:
1156:
In case of a leap second, a zero bit is inserted between seconds 16 and 17. In case of a negative leap second, second 16 will be deleted. Since negative leap seconds can only occur when DUT1 is positive, bits 9B through 16B will be zero.
251:", but no actual explanation is given for the call sign "MSF". According to the NPL it seems the call sign was chosen so that it could be memorized as "Master Standard Frequency" but MSF was not intended to be an abbreviation.
400:
Although two data bits are transmitted per second, the time code has the property that only one of them is variable; non-zero B bits are only transmitted when the corresponding A bit has a fixed value.
235:. The transmitter's original location meant that the clock was referred to as "the Rugby clock". Following its relocation in 2007 to Cumbria, the NPL now formally calls the signal "The Time from NPL".
361:
The other 59 (or, exceptionally, 60 or 58) seconds of the minute always begin with at least 100 ms 'off', followed by two data bits of 100 ms each, and end with at least 700 ms of carrier.
2106:
336:) near the beginning of each second to encode the current time and date. The rise and fall times of the 60 kHz carrier are determined by the combination of antenna and transmitter.
287:
antenna was 500 metres (1640') across at its top. The vertical part of the antenna radiated the signal, so that the received strength was similar in all directions (it was approximately
1257:
404:
Seconds 01–16 carry information for the current minute about the difference (DUT1) between atomic and astronomical time, and the remaining seconds convey the time and date code.
2176:
1672:
1428:
339:
Each UTC second begins with 100 ms of 'off', preceded by at least 500 ms of carrier. The second marker is transmitted with an accuracy better than ±1 ms relative to
3609:
3532:
2307:
105:
4304:
119:), is broadcast at a highly accurate frequency of 60 kHz and can be received throughout the UK, and in much of northern and western Europe. The signal's
2510:
2425:
1698:
1179:
over the time code. The 4 parity bits cover years (8 bits), months and days (11 bits), day of week (3 bits), and time of day (13 bits) respectively.
2152:
2113:
1647:
2188:
1817:
1402:
101:
2200:
1488:
3525:
1785:
1451:
1253:
159:
was added in 1967, making the signal harder to use as a frequency reference. The time signals, preceded by the callsign "GBR GBR TIME" in
2024:
1775:
2248:
1505:
General and technical information, advice on reception problems, and up-to-date information on signal outages and scheduled maintenance
1668:
1621:
1424:
1736:
4063:
3518:
3095:
2931:
321:
whole minute (as detailed below). In 1998, the original fast code was removed, leaving the slow code and a simple minute marker.
1790:
1769:
2164:
179:
2560:
2236:
1554:
1524:
1206:
MSF normally broadcasts continuously, but is occasionally taken out of service for scheduled or unscheduled maintenance. The
2140:
33:
4032:
2260:
4294:
4289:
1780:
1279:
1810:
1581:
151:
which could be received worldwide. It consisted of 306 pulses in the five minutes up to and including 10:00 and 18:00
3783:
1352:
2212:
2099:
85:
49:
3045:
2700:
3856:
2924:
2014:
1492:
4037:
2029:
1803:
1603:
1304:
17:
147:
from 1926, with the call-sign GBR. From 19 December 1927, it broadcast a 15.8 kHz time signal from the
3007:
2224:
1694:
148:
3992:
3972:
3918:
3803:
3639:
3298:
1183:
itself transmitted 2 seconds (1.7–1.8 seconds, to be more precise) before the moment of the time change.
93:
1764:
1643:
3659:
3644:
3582:
3561:
2650:
2630:
1224:
358:, denoted second 00, begins with a period of 500 ms with the carrier off, to serve as a minute marker.
340:
76:, which serves as the United Kingdom's national time reference. The time signal is derived from three
3813:
3624:
3361:
3210:
3090:
2640:
2553:
2055:
2019:
1398:
3060:
2403:
2004:
260:
4073:
3851:
3753:
3669:
3664:
3316:
2967:
1210:
Web site reports upcoming scheduled maintenance outages, and information on unscheduled outages.
288:
2670:
1459:
300:
156:
4226:
3499:
3131:
3076:
3030:
3015:
2660:
1219:
212:
174:
65:
389:
If each second is considered as ten 100 ms pieces, the minute marker is transmitted as
4053:
3967:
3793:
3654:
3382:
3351:
2800:
2695:
2546:
1991:
1973:
1617:
1161:
8:
4299:
4263:
4058:
3913:
3778:
3730:
3256:
2715:
2675:
2451:
2436:
2366:
2334:
2296:
1965:
1945:
1925:
1915:
1877:
1872:
1725:
416:
415:), and is always given in terms of UK civil time, which is UTC in winter and UTC+1h when
232:
228:
152:
144:
3599:
4238:
4012:
3936:
3866:
3205:
3183:
3050:
2874:
2845:
2780:
2773:
2474:
2441:
2387:
2382:
2285:
2045:
1910:
1882:
1857:
1852:
1847:
227:
From the time signal's inauguration in 1950 until 1 April 2007 it was transmitted from
4086:
3951:
3768:
3286:
3165:
3065:
2918:
2821:
2725:
2377:
2065:
2050:
1981:
1842:
1597:
1326:
1298:
411:
the corresponding minute marker (second 17 of the previous minute, in the absence of
347:(UT1) which is the mean solar time which would actually be observed at 0° longitude.
280:
208:
120:
97:
1584:. National Physical Laboratory, UK. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007
173:
On 27 February 2007 the NPL started tests of the new time signal transmissions from
4231:
3977:
3956:
3908:
3871:
3684:
3404:
3392:
3220:
3188:
3020:
2889:
2805:
2795:
2710:
2355:
1546:
1516:
1285:. National Physical Laboratory, UK. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007
3962:
3941:
3773:
3745:
3510:
3466:
3331:
3308:
3276:
3228:
3215:
3178:
3160:
2790:
2785:
1198:
Like DCF77, the time signal only provides 1 hour warning of summer-time changes.
276:
4258:
4017:
4007:
3946:
3903:
3735:
3725:
3694:
3594:
3566:
3409:
3399:
3198:
3070:
3040:
3025:
2810:
2768:
2763:
2635:
2195:
1902:
1167:
Bits 52A–59A provide another way to identify minute boundaries. This sequence
4283:
4145:
4096:
4081:
4027:
3798:
3634:
3629:
3545:
3489:
3439:
3387:
3321:
3293:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3143:
2987:
2913:
2862:
2815:
2730:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2613:
2183:
1330:
333:
194:
181:
81:
4243:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4107:
3846:
3461:
3455:
3121:
3055:
2977:
2908:
2857:
2758:
2705:
2645:
412:
124:
77:
2091:
1781:
National
Physical Laboratory – public information leaflet about relocation
1344:
4253:
4248:
3893:
3876:
3808:
3788:
3674:
3556:
3471:
3449:
3356:
3341:
3136:
3116:
3106:
3035:
2992:
2972:
2901:
2720:
2622:
2147:
1826:
1192:
304:
27:
Time signal transmitted from
Anthorn Radio Station near Anthorn, Cumbria
4268:
4221:
4205:
4091:
3997:
3818:
3679:
3649:
3587:
3366:
3266:
3173:
3148:
2951:
2735:
1795:
1176:
967:
527:
243:
160:
89:
4165:
4002:
3886:
3861:
3841:
3758:
3710:
3704:
3689:
3429:
3346:
2982:
2894:
2869:
2850:
2740:
2517:
2255:
2070:
268:
139:
Received, at Lesvos Island, during the transfer from Rugby to
Anthorn
166:
The MSF signals started in 1950, following the transmission pattern
135:
123:
is maintained at 60 kHz to within 2 parts in 10, controlled by
4200:
4180:
4022:
3928:
3828:
3619:
3614:
2997:
2840:
2750:
2608:
2598:
2414:
1935:
1834:
1484:
284:
264:
239:
54:
Map showing the location of the
Anthorn VLF transmitter in Cumbria.
299:
In addition to professional uses where accurate time is required,
4195:
4185:
4115:
3987:
3898:
3763:
3336:
3326:
3248:
3239:
3224:
3111:
2956:
2879:
2588:
2481:
2231:
2159:
2009:
1969:
73:
69:
3126:
1191:
MSF does not broadcast any explicit advance warning of upcoming
4190:
4140:
4135:
3434:
2593:
2505:
2498:
2486:
2469:
2446:
2267:
2207:
2135:
1999:
1930:
1920:
355:
351:
4170:
3982:
3881:
3836:
3444:
3193:
2884:
2832:
2493:
2398:
2243:
2219:
2171:
1862:
368:
Bit B is transmitted from 200 to 300 ms after the second
211:
from its opening in 2007 until 2010, when it was acquired by
104:; as of 2017 NPL Management Limited (NPLML) was owned by the
1692:
1186:
4175:
4160:
4150:
3604:
3541:
2583:
2569:
2522:
2339:
2329:
2075:
2060:
1955:
1950:
1892:
3610:
International Earth
Rotation and Reference Systems Service
100:), under contract to the NPL. It was funded by the former
4155:
2456:
2318:
2080:
1940:
1867:
344:
332:
The MSF transmitter is switched off for brief intervals (
222:
1160:
Bits 17A–51A encode the time of the following minute in
365:
Bit A is transmitted from 100 to 200 ms after the second
275:
While at Rugby, the transmitter generated 60 kW of
2538:
106:
Department for
Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
1735:. National Physical Laboratory. July 2007. TAF001v06.
407:
The time and date code information begins 43 seconds
343:(UTC), which is itself always within ±0.9 seconds of
1786:
National
Physical Laboratory – MSF Radio Time Signal
155:, with a longer pulse at the start of each minute.
143:A radio station at Rugby was first operated by the
80:installed at the transmitter site, and is based on
3540:
108:(BEIS), and NPL operated as a public corporation.
4281:
1620:. Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge.
1693:National Physical Laboratory (25 March 2010).
1373:
1321:Thomas, Roger (July 2014). "MSF and the NPL".
102:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
4305:National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
3526:
2554:
2107:
1811:
1776:Press release about MSF relocation to Anthorn
1644:"The Official History of Rugby Radio Station"
1145:
899:
393:, while all other seconds are transmitted as
329:Currently, the signal is encoded as follows:
254:
1514:
1325:. Bournemouth UK: PW Publishing Ltd: 47–49.
2121:
1765:The Official History of Rugby Radio Station
40:
3533:
3519:
2561:
2547:
2114:
2100:
1818:
1804:
1791:National Physical Laboratory – MSF Outages
1770:A History of Rugby Radio, M Johnston, 1976
1720:
1718:
1716:
1479:
1477:
1449:
1187:Shortcomings of the current signal format
4064:International Commission on Stratigraphy
1825:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1316:
1314:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
134:
1695:"What is the MSF fast code? (FAQ-Time)"
14:
4282:
1713:
1701:from the original on 22 September 2018
1474:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1320:
1272:
272:used, in northern and western Europe.
223:The 'MSF signal' and the 'Rugby clock'
207:. The Anthorn station was operated by
3514:
2542:
2095:
1799:
1569:
1311:
1237:
675:
506:
64:is a radio signal broadcast from the
3495:
1726:"MSF 60 kHz Time and Date Code"
1669:"NPL FAQ "What does MSF stand for?""
1401:. National Physical Laboratory, UK.
1256:. National Physical Laboratory, UK.
1527:from the original on 2 January 2007
1382:
24:
1557:from the original on 27 March 2007
1431:from the original on 22 April 2014
25:
4316:
3784:Discrete time and continuous time
1758:
1742:from the original on 28 July 2008
1547:"Time change marks end of an era"
1517:"Times changing for radio signal"
1355:from the original on 26 June 2015
1260:from the original on 27 June 2013
1142:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1104:
1098:
1089:
1072:
1066:
1054:
1037:
1024:
1012:
998:
992:
980:
957:
951:
939:
925:
919:
907:
896:
893:
887:
875:
867:
858:
846:
838:
824:
812:
804:
795:
772:
764:
755:
743:
735:
726:
714:
706:
697:
685:
672:
658:
646:
638:
629:
617:
609:
600:
588:
580:
571:
559:
551:
542:
516:
503:
489:
480:
477:
474:
372:Negative Polarity Bit Signalling
242:was MSF, where 'M' is one of the
96:(which acquired former providers
3709:
3703:
3494:
3485:
3484:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
1624:from the original on 2 June 2007
1452:"Time Begins in Anthorn Village"
1405:from the original on 6 June 2009
39:
32:
1733:NPL Time and Frequency Services
1686:
1675:from the original on 2014-04-22
1661:
1650:from the original on 2004-12-14
1636:
1610:
1539:
1508:
1495:from the original on 2019-07-05
1378:(9th ed.). pp. 30–31.
3857:History of timekeeping devices
1450:Kelly Eve (28 February 2007).
1443:
1417:
1367:
1337:
259:The transmitted signal has an
249:Modulated Standard Frequencies
111:The signal, also known as the
13:
1:
2030:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
1230:
283:). The 180 metre-high (590')
167:
92:. The service is provided by
1618:"ARM+FPGA based Rugby clock"
1515:Pallab Ghosh (10 May 2006).
1489:National Physical Laboratory
1376:List of Time Signal Stations
1349:National Physical Laboratory
385:represents a bit value of 1.
379:represents a bit value of 0.
324:
315:
86:National Physical Laboratory
7:
3804:Gravitational time dilation
3640:Barycentric Coordinate Time
3299:Geological history of Earth
1213:
310:
279:power (using 70 kW of
10:
4321:
4295:Time in the United Kingdom
4290:Time signal radio stations
3660:Geocentric Coordinate Time
3645:Barycentric Dynamical Time
3583:Coordinated Universal Time
2651:Orders of magnitude (time)
1458:. Carlisle. Archived from
1225:Coordinated Universal Time
1201:
455:
441:
341:Coordinated Universal Time
255:Transmission and reception
130:
4214:
4105:
4072:
4046:
3927:
3827:
3814:Time-translation symmetry
3744:
3718:
3701:
3625:International Atomic Time
3575:
3552:
3480:
3422:
3375:
3362:Time translation symmetry
3307:
3247:
3237:
3159:
3086:
3006:
2947:
2831:
2749:
2659:
2621:
2607:
2576:
2127:
2038:
2020:Global Positioning System
1990:
1964:
1901:
1833:
1602:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1303:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1110:
1057:
1027:
966:
931:
827:
778:
661:
522:
492:
466:
2568:
1425:"NPL Time Reference FAQ"
261:effective radiated power
238:The Rugby transmitter's
4074:Astronomical chronology
4047:Archaeology and geology
3754:Absolute space and time
3670:IERS Reference Meridian
3665:International Date Line
3576:International standards
3317:Absolute space and time
2968:Astronomical chronology
2122:Time signal authorities
1485:"MSF Radio Time Signal"
1374:Gerd Klawitter (1980).
1280:"MSF The Time from NPL"
1111:Summer time in effect.
900:Minute marker 01111110
301:radio-controlled clocks
294:
267:, on a frequency of 60
84:maintained by the UK's
3367:Time reversal symmetry
2671:Italian six-hour clock
425:Shaded bits are fixed
157:Frequency-shift keying
140:
127:at the radio station.
4033:Weekday determination
3919:Sundial markup schema
3132:Time and fate deities
3077:The Unreality of Time
3016:A series and B series
1220:Greenwich Time Signal
1175:Bits 54B–57B provide
932:Summer time warning.
213:Babcock International
138:
125:caesium atomic clocks
94:Babcock International
66:Anthorn Radio Station
4054:Chronological dating
3794:Theory of relativity
3655:Daylight saving time
3383:Chronological dating
3352:Theory of relativity
2696:Daylight saving time
1827:Time signal stations
1254:"NPL Time Metrology"
1162:binary-coded decimal
50:class=notpageimage|
4264:Time value of money
4059:Geologic time scale
3914:History of sundials
3779:Cosmological decade
3731:Greenwich Mean Time
3562:Orders of magnitude
2676:Thai six-hour clock
1399:"NPL T&F: FAQs"
426:
233:Rugby, Warwickshire
229:Rugby Radio Station
191: /
4239:Mental chronometry
3867:Marine chronometer
3719:Obsolete standards
3206:Rosy retrospection
3184:Mental chronometry
3008:Philosophy of time
1772:History from 1910.
1146:Unused, always 0.
422:
141:
115:(and formerly the
4277:
4276:
4087:Nuclear timescale
3769:Continuous signal
3508:
3507:
3418:
3417:
3393:Circadian rhythms
3211:Tense–aspect–mood
3066:Temporal finitism
2943:
2942:
2919:Grandfather clock
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2089:
2088:
1982:Radio Data System
1553:. 25 March 2007.
1462:on 10 August 2007
1150:
1149:
209:VT Communications
149:Royal Observatory
121:carrier frequency
98:VT Communications
55:
16:(Redirected from
4312:
3978:Dominical letter
3909:Equation of time
3872:Marine sandglass
3713:
3707:
3685:Terrestrial Time
3542:Time measurement
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3405:Glottochronology
3245:
3244:
3161:Human experience
3021:B-theory of time
2619:
2618:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1730:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1582:"Time Has Moved"
1578:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1170:
427:
421:
396:
392:
384:
378:
206:
205:
203:
202:
201:
196:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
53:
43:
42:
36:
21:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4210:
4101:
4068:
4042:
3923:
3823:
3774:Coordinate time
3746:Time in physics
3740:
3714:
3708:
3699:
3571:
3548:
3539:
3509:
3504:
3476:
3467:Time immemorial
3414:
3371:
3332:Coordinate time
3303:
3257:Geological time
3233:
3216:Time management
3179:Generation time
3163:
3155:
3100:
3082:
3002:
2961:
2939:
2827:
2745:
2662:
2655:
2611:
2603:
2572:
2567:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2461:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2392:
2371:
2360:
2344:
2323:
2312:
2301:
2290:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2090:
2085:
2034:
1986:
1960:
1897:
1883:TDF time signal
1829:
1824:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1551:BBC News Online
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1521:BBC News Online
1513:
1509:
1498:
1496:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1456:News & Star
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1319:
1312:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1233:
1216:
1204:
1189:
1168:
1079:Time (39A–51A)
1031:
1029:
972:
969:
829:
786:
784:
783:Unary encoding,
782:
780:
677:
663:
533:
531:
526:
524:
508:
494:
458: Bit
444: Bit
430: Bit
424:
394:
390:
382:
376:
327:
318:
313:
297:
289:omnidirectional
277:radio frequency
257:
225:
199:
197:
193:
190:
185:
182:
180:
178:
177:
168:described below
133:
58:
57:
56:
52:
46:
45:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4259:Time metrology
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4215:Related topics
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3904:Dialing scales
3901:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3736:Prime meridian
3733:
3728:
3726:Ephemeris time
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3695:180th meridian
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3410:Time geography
3407:
3402:
3400:Clock reaction
3397:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3199:time signature
3196:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3071:Temporal parts
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Eternal return
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Chronocentrism
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:Hindu Panchang
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1759:External links
1757:
1754:
1753:
1712:
1685:
1660:
1635:
1609:
1568:
1538:
1507:
1473:
1442:
1416:
1381:
1366:
1345:"What is NPL?"
1336:
1310:
1271:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1188:
1185:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:DOW (36A–38A)
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1005:Day (25A–35A)
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
965:
964:Year (17A–24A)
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:DUT1 ≤ Weight
777:
774:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
680:
679:
674:
671:
668:
665:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:DUT1 ≥ Weight
528:Unary encoding
521:
518:
515:
511:
510:
505:
502:
499:
496:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
469:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
434:
431:
419:is in effect.
387:
386:
380:
370:
369:
366:
345:Universal Time
326:
323:
317:
314:
312:
309:
296:
293:
256:
253:
224:
221:
195:54.91°N 3.28°W
132:
129:
82:time standards
48:
47:
38:
37:
31:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4317:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4108:units of time
4104:
4098:
4097:Sidereal time
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Galactic year
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4038:Weekday names
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Tropical year
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Intercalation
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:(lunar Hijri)
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Time dilation
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:24-hour clock
3633:
3631:
3630:12-hour clock
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:Chronobiology
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Arrow of time
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Geochronology
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:Wheel of time
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Periodization
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Digital clock
2912:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Relative hour
2689:
2687:
2686:24-hour clock
2684:
2682:
2681:12-hour clock
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2356:BBC (198 kHz)
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:Time from NPL
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1281:
1275:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1208:Time from NPL
1199:
1196:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1136:
1134:Hour (00–23)
1133:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:Year (00–99)
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
995:
989:
986:
983:
977:
976:
971:
963:
960:
954:
948:
945:
942:
936:
935:
928:
922:
916:
913:
910:
904:
903:
890:
884:
881:
878:
872:
871:
864:
861:
855:
852:
849:
843:
842:
835:
832:
821:
818:
815:
809:
808:
801:
798:
792:
789:
775:
769:
768:
761:
758:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
732:
729:
723:
720:
717:
711:
710:
703:
700:
694:
691:
688:
682:
681:
669:
666:
655:
652:
649:
643:
642:
635:
632:
626:
623:
620:
614:
613:
606:
603:
597:
594:
591:
585:
584:
577:
574:
568:
565:
562:
556:
555:
548:
545:
539:
536:
529:
519:
513:
512:
500:
497:
486:
483:
471:
470:
464: B
463:
461: A
460:
457:
452:
450: B
449:
447: A
446:
443:
438:
436: B
435:
433: A
432:
429:
428:
423:MSF time code
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
402:
398:
381:
375:
374:
373:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
337:
335:
334:on-off keying
330:
322:
308:
306:
302:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
266:
262:
252:
250:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
220:
216:
214:
210:
204:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
137:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:atomic clocks
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:Time from NPL
51:
35:
19:
18:Time from NPL
4244:Decimal time
3973:Astronomical
3852:Complication
3847:Atomic clock
3462:Time capsule
3456:Tempus fugit
3454:
3376:Other fields
3075:
3056:Perdurantism
2978:Calendar era
2930:
2923:
2909:Cuckoo clock
2846:astronomical
2820:
2646:Unit of time
2577:Key concepts
2447:RNS (CHAYKA)
2350:
1887:
1744:. Retrieved
1732:
1705:22 September
1703:. Retrieved
1688:
1677:. Retrieved
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1612:
1586:. Retrieved
1559:. Retrieved
1550:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1520:
1510:
1497:. Retrieved
1464:. Retrieved
1460:the original
1455:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1375:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1322:
1287:. Retrieved
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1207:
1205:
1197:
1193:leap seconds
1190:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1151:
828:Day of month
481:Minute mark
413:leap seconds
408:
406:
403:
399:
388:
371:
360:
349:
338:
331:
328:
319:
298:
274:
258:
248:
244:ITU prefixes
237:
226:
217:
200:54.91; -3.28
172:
165:
142:
116:
112:
110:
61:
59:
4254:System time
4249:Metric time
3968:Solar Hijri
3894:Water clock
3877:Radio clock
3809:Time domain
3789:Proper time
3675:Leap second
3557:Chronometry
3472:Time travel
3450:System time
3357:Time domain
3342:Proper time
3166:use of time
3137:Father Time
3117:Immortality
3107:Ages of Man
3036:Endurantism
2993:Regnal year
2973:Big History
2902:water-based
2801:Solar Hijri
2711:Hexadecimal
2661:Measurement
2623:Chronometry
2609:Measurement
1466:28 February
1032:Saturday=6
1028:Day of week
781:(−0.1–−0.8)
417:Summer Time
383:Carrier OFF
305:summer time
281:mains power
198: /
145:Post Office
117:Rugby clock
4300:Call signs
4284:Categories
4269:Timekeeper
4222:Chronology
4206:Millennium
4092:Precession
3998:Julian day
3819:T-symmetry
3680:Solar time
3650:Civil time
3174:Chronemics
3149:Kalachakra
3061:Presentism
3046:Eternalism
2952:Chronology
2890:mechanical
2841:Main types
2759:Main types
2442:RJH (Beta)
1679:2014-01-20
1654:2005-01-05
1435:20 January
1409:23 January
1323:Radio User
1264:8 February
1231:References
1177:odd parity
785:bit set if
532:bit set if
395:1AB0000000
391:1111100000
377:Carrier ON
350:The first
247:reference
161:Morse code
113:MSF signal
90:Teddington
4166:Fortnight
4013:Lunisolar
4003:Leap year
3937:Gregorian
3887:stopwatch
3862:Hourglass
3842:Astrarium
3759:Spacetime
3690:Time zone
3567:Metrology
3546:standards
3430:Leap year
3347:Spacetime
3221:Yesterday
3122:Dreamtime
3096:Mythology
2983:Deep time
2895:stopwatch
2870:hourglass
2851:astrarium
2781:Gregorian
2774:Lunisolar
2751:Calendars
2741:Time zone
2614:standards
2404:DCF (EFR)
2071:Radio VNG
1992:Satellite
1903:Shortwave
1359:9 October
1331:1748-8117
525:(0.1–0.8)
325:Slow code
316:Fast code
88:(NPL) in
4227:Duration
4201:Saeculum
4181:Olympiad
4023:Solstice
3952:Holocene
3929:Calendar
3829:Horology
3620:ISO 8601
3615:ISO 31-1
3490:Category
3238:Time in
3229:Tomorrow
3091:Religion
3031:Duration
2998:Timeline
2932:Timeline
2731:Sidereal
2599:Eternity
2273:VNIIFTRI
1936:ROA Time
1835:Longwave
1737:Archived
1699:Archived
1673:Archived
1648:Archived
1622:Archived
1598:cite web
1561:28 March
1555:Archived
1531:28 March
1525:Archived
1493:Archived
1429:Archived
1403:Archived
1353:Archived
1299:cite web
1258:Archived
1214:See also
1169:01111110
1030:Sunday=0
830:(01–31)
678:(00–59)
664:(01–12)
509:(00–23)
495:(00–99)
467:Meaning
453:Meaning
439:Meaning
311:Protocol
285:T-aerial
240:callsign
4196:Century
4186:Lustrum
4116:Instant
3988:Equinox
3957:Islamic
3899:Sundial
3764:Chronon
3500:Commons
3423:Related
3337:Instant
3327:Chronon
3309:Physics
3249:Geology
3240:science
3112:Destiny
2957:History
2925:History
2880:sundial
2863:quantum
2806:Chinese
2796:Islamic
2706:Decimal
2701:Chinese
2663:systems
2589:Present
2039:Defunct
2015:Galileo
2010:GLONASS
1628:6 April
1588:6 April
1427:. NPL.
1289:6 April
1202:Outages
354:of the
183:54°55′N
175:Anthorn
131:History
74:Cumbria
70:Anthorn
4191:Decade
4146:Moment
4141:Minute
4136:Second
4106:Other
3963:Julian
3942:Hebrew
3588:offset
3440:Moment
3435:Memory
3287:period
2875:marine
2858:atomic
2833:Clocks
2791:Hebrew
2786:Julian
2721:Metric
2594:Future
2499:JN53DV
2487:HD2IOA
2286:ALS162
2000:BeiDou
1931:JN53DV
1921:HD2IOA
1746:26 May
1329:
970:parity
676:Minute
409:before
356:minute
352:second
263:of 17
186:3°17′W
4232:music
4171:Month
4131:Jiffy
4126:Shake
4121:Flick
4018:Solar
4008:Lunar
3983:Epact
3947:Hindu
3882:Watch
3837:Clock
3445:Space
3277:epoch
3267:chron
3225:Today
3194:tempo
3189:Music
3051:Event
2885:watch
2769:Lunar
2764:Solar
2736:Solar
2726:Roman
2716:Hindu
2399:DCF77
2308:MIKES
2277:Other
2165:MIKES
2153:KRISS
2025:IRNSS
2005:DORIS
1863:DCF77
1740:(PDF)
1729:(PDF)
1499:1 May
1283:(PDF)
1016:−0.8
984:−0.7
973:over
943:−0.6
911:−0.5
879:−0.4
850:−0.3
816:−0.2
747:+0.8
718:+0.7
689:+0.6
662:Month
650:+0.5
621:+0.4
592:+0.3
563:+0.2
231:near
68:near
4176:Year
4161:Week
4151:Hour
3605:DUT1
3544:and
3164:and
3127:Kāla
2822:List
2816:Maya
2612:and
2584:Past
2570:Time
2523:YVTO
2340:WWVH
2330:WWVB
2225:NTSC
2189:NIST
2177:NICT
2141:ANFR
2076:WWVL
2061:OLB5
1956:YVTO
1951:WWVH
1893:WWVB
1858:Beta
1748:2008
1707:2018
1630:2007
1604:link
1590:2007
1563:2007
1533:2007
1501:2022
1468:2007
1437:2014
1411:2008
1361:2017
1327:ISSN
1305:link
1291:2007
1266:2012
779:DUT1
776:−0.1
523:DUT1
520:+0.1
507:Hour
493:Year
295:Uses
60:The
4156:Day
3282:era
3272:eon
3262:age
2641:TAI
2631:UTC
2511:PPE
2475:BSF
2457:RWM
2452:RTZ
2437:RBU
2426:LOL
2415:EBC
2388:BPM
2383:BPL
2378:BPC
2367:CHU
2351:MSF
2335:WWV
2319:JJY
2297:HLA
2261:SHN
2249:ROA
2237:PTB
2213:NRC
2201:NPL
2081:Y3S
2066:OMA
2056:NAA
2051:HBG
2046:BSF
1974:UHF
1966:VHF
1946:WWV
1941:RWM
1926:HLA
1916:CHU
1911:BPM
1878:RTZ
1873:RBU
1868:JJY
1853:BSF
1848:BPL
1843:BPC
968:Odd
929:STW
291:).
269:kHz
153:GMT
4286::
3600:ΔT
3595:UT
3227:–
3223:–
2636:UT
1970:FM
1731:.
1715:^
1697:.
1671:.
1646:.
1600:}}
1596:{{
1571:^
1549:.
1523:.
1519:.
1491:.
1487:.
1476:^
1454:.
1384:^
1351:.
1347:.
1313:^
1301:}}
1297:{{
1239:^
1137:59
1128:20
1125:39
1122:0
1119:20
1116:19
1108:ST
1102:58
1099:0
1093:38
1090:0
1087:40
1084:18
1076:P4
1070:57
1067:0
1061:37
1052:80
1049:17
1041:P3
1035:56
1019:36
1010:16
1002:P2
996:55
993:0
987:35
978:15
961:P1
955:54
952:0
946:34
937:14
923:53
920:0
914:33
905:13
891:52
888:0
882:32
873:12
868:0
862:51
859:0
856:10
853:31
844:11
839:0
833:50
822:20
819:30
810:10
805:0
799:49
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