249:
to be married to widows. Older women had great importance in the society, mainly because the necessity of food in Tiwi society. The older woman know all the gathering skills, making food not be a problem for the household. On the other hand, less experienced woman created problems for the household, as they have less food. Younger women often were like apprentices, learning all the possible ways of gathering from older women to please their husband or household. Even though this traditional marriage culture is still very prevalent in modern Tiwi culture, marriage has changed juristically recently because of
Catholic missionaries beginning to settle on Tiwi land after 1945. According to culture sketches, the power dynamic of men and women both had their advantages. While men had a lot more political power, women were well respected for their gathering skills to provide food and favors.
313:
experts worldwide have studied Tiwi art and have analysed the meaning of Tiwi symbols. Tiwi art forms an integral part of the oral tradition passing on history and wisdom through generations. English is taught at schools as a second language, and the Tiwi communicate principally in their own language. When in mourning, it is part of their beliefs to paint their body and express their love for who has passed through music, art and dance. Painting has been practised for thousands of years as a part of ceremonies and the Tiwi totem poles are famous and have been sold all over the world. Tiwi use natural
300:
237:
lives. Since both the men and women come from a matrilineal descent group, wives descent group is important. Remarriage of a widow is common for the traditional Tiwi, which allows the less promising hunters to be married. This is because widows have to remarry quickly, which had to be immediately after the husband dies. A marriage occurs at a gravesite of the previous husband. Since the more promising husbands are usually claimed, older women often end up with younger, less experienced men.
32:
195:
land. There are two large inhabited islands, Melville and
Bathurst, originally called Ratuwati Yinjara (meaning "two islands"), and many smaller uninhabited islands. Most of the smaller islands lie close to Melville and Bathurst, but Kulangana (South West Vernon Island) is less than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Australian mainland coast. The Tiwi Islands are now part of the Northern Territory of Australia.
241:
41:
338:
Tiwi women singing recently in different important venues in
Australia. The Tiwi "strong women's group" are currently working on a collaborative project to conserve their music. Research has led to a revival of some of the old songs. As these songs have been sung for thousands of years, it is with the strictest sensitivity that this research must be carried out.
220:
units of bands that are dependent through one sex or one marriage only. Any person within this emblem are considered your close kin: Like mother, father, sister, & brother. With this said, acceptance into Tiwi society is often very loose, with traditional Tiwi members naming newcomers in the society as "son" and "daughter." This is known as a "far away"
350:
214:
descent group, which the Tiwi call "skin". This group of "skin" believe pregnancy comes from spirits. The Tiwi believe these spirits are unborn, coming from bodies of water. This traditional belief system from the Tiwi explains how the man has no physical role in birth, but a male's role is to find a
317:
pigments. They make these colours from natural pigment in the earth. When a person dies their name becomes taboo. For many years as the spirit returns to the land, you cannot say the name of the person. When the Tiwis are using their remarkable knowledge to find food in the bush, they never take the
312:
Compared with Arnhem Land art, Tiwi art often appears to be abstract and geometric. With its strong patterns and use of colour, Tiwi art is considered very attractive and highly collectible. Tiwi art is used to tell stories, and the hatch patterns represent friendships within the community. Many art
248:
Bestowal is often used in the Tiwi culture, which is the main way of receiving young wives. Successful men, usually older men often had many wives, even up to 20 for very promising husbands. Men younger than 30 often had fewer or no wives. In traditional Tiwi culture, ages 30–40 were the most likely
337:
The Tiwi people sing songs about the land which have been handed down through the generations. They sing about many aspects of their lives, including hunting, cooking, family, animals, plants and the
Australian outback. Some of these songs have been recorded and archived. There was a performance of
219:
to each other. This is separated into "close" and "far away" kinship which refers to the distance geographically between the Tiwi people. A band unit which is smaller only rely on somebody's sex or marriage. This means people such as mother, father, or husband are considered your close kin. Smaller
201:
explorers landed on
Melville Island in 1705, but did not colonise it then nor in succeeding voyages. After a failed attempt by the British in 1824, it was not settled by Europeans until the arrival of German missionaries in 1911. The Stolen Generations saw many Indigenous people brought to the Tiwi
194:
The
Tunuvivi people held sway over some 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) of land on Melville and Bathurst islands. The Tiwi Islands lie about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Darwin, with Melville and Bathurst Islands comprising about 8,344 square kilometres (3,222 sq mi) of
236:
Marriage roles of the Tiwi plays an important role for economic, social and political status. The Tiwi consider marriage as a very important aspect of their livelihoods, as almost all people get married, especially women. Tiwi culture places great emphasis on the importance of marriage in women's
156:
descent, and marriage plays a very important part in many aspects of their lives. Art and music form an intrinsic part of their societal and spiritual rituals as the Tiwi people tend to follow a certain form of indigenous
Animist belief system. The
368:(TIFL) is the main league and the TIFL Grand Final is the largest event on the island, attracting up to 3,000 spectators, equivalent to the entire Tiwi population. The Tiwi have their own semi-professional
1156:
1122:
291:
and which defines their spiritual identity from their father. Narrative dances are performed to depict everyday life or historical events. The land on both islands is heavily forested.
1149:
852:
788:
2204:
2141:
1142:
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2169:
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spirit and uncover it, so that it is sent to the wife. The kin clan must be the same for the spirit as the wife. All Tiwi members have a general
334:), and the innovative use of song on such occasions is now at risk given the weakening of the customary rituals that engendered its creativity.
2134:
840:
2148:
1080:
104:
532:
wrote: 'The name Tiwi was coined for the convenience of anthropologists and others, it means "We, the only people"; the late Father
326:
Music has formed an integral part, of all aspects of life on the Tiwi islands, being centered around the Tiwi initiation ceremony,
800:
2162:
549:
With one exception (a
Torrers Strait group) Tiwi is defined as "the most divergent language in the Australian linguistic area." (
2155:
1111:
1070:
1040:
1017:
916:
818:
341:
The music of the Tiwi women "strong women's group" is being preserved and revived currently on
Bathurst and Melville island.
125:
364:
Yiloga (Australian rules football) has become an important part of Tiwi culture and is by far the most popular sport. The
129:
369:
318:
mothers or the baby animals. This shows their respect for the land and knowledge of how to conserve the environment.
1062:
1059:
Aboriginal Tribes of
Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
88:
864:
2199:
1531:
365:
353:
1776:
449:
225:
1103:
908:
377:
137:
437:
401:
257:
1099:
A death in the Tiwi islands: conflict, ritual, and social life in an Australian aboriginal community
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1165:
1134:
1009:
1097:
902:
431:
380:, with around a third of the Territorians playing in the league coming from the two islands.
121:
161:
saw many Indigenous people brought to the Tiwi Islands who were not of direct Tiwi descent.
1601:
890:
1123:"'You're not given any love': the stories of Australia's stolen generations – photo essay"
8:
1230:
928:
533:
331:
1671:
1169:
988:
984:
945:
898:
509:
158:
84:
67:
1853:
1783:
1545:
1107:
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971:
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822:. Vol. LXVI, no. 22, 861. Western Australia. 19 July 1948. p. 3 (HOME)
491:
1720:
1685:
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1468:
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503:
189:
173:
145:
299:
2001:
1987:
1573:
1524:
1475:
1447:
1244:
957:
461:
252:
Hunting for food is still an important part of Tiwi life. On land, they hunt for
2071:
1973:
1882:
1727:
1510:
1482:
1377:
1321:
1300:
1050:
841:
Tiwi Islands 2023 grand final sees Tuyu Buffaloes narrowly win in final quarter
529:
455:
419:
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407:
1002:
2193:
1959:
1762:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1713:
1699:
1440:
1384:
813:
485:
443:
169:
141:
80:
883:"Ngarukuruwala – we sing: the songs of the Tiwi Islands, northern Australia"
2099:
2085:
2022:
1825:
1692:
1657:
1650:
1629:
1517:
1419:
1328:
1223:
1195:
1188:
497:
473:
425:
395:
376:. Tiwis have been enormously successful in the national fully professional
373:
357:
269:
198:
133:
2064:
2106:
2008:
1966:
1839:
1664:
1461:
1314:
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467:
389:
211:
177:
153:
149:
992:
2036:
1910:
1903:
1889:
1755:
1636:
1622:
1496:
1405:
1370:
1286:
1237:
1216:
949:
479:
261:
969:
Hart, C. W. (July 1930). "The Tiwi of Melville and Bathurst Islands".
789:
In Tiwi, the word for football is yiloga. There is no word for suicide
349:
31:
2029:
2015:
1994:
1980:
1945:
1804:
1769:
1594:
1580:
1566:
1552:
1433:
1426:
1398:
1349:
1272:
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1202:
288:
265:
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were often still considered as outsiders to traditional Tiwi people.
941:
882:
2078:
2043:
1896:
1867:
1832:
1706:
1643:
1412:
1279:
1356:
2113:
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1952:
1875:
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1811:
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1363:
1342:
1307:
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as they call it, is a part of everyday life. Tiwi inherit their
2092:
1938:
1931:
1818:
1790:
1538:
1503:
1391:
1335:
1293:
1251:
1209:
801:
Sherrin celebrates Tiwi culture for AFL Sir Doug Nicholls round
273:
240:
40:
853:
A team in big league kick-starts hope on troubled Tiwi islands
1924:
1860:
1489:
314:
284:
176:
with no apparent genetic link to the contiguous languages of
45:
The Tiwi Bombers, a local football team from the Tiwi Islands
926:
Goodale, J. G. (1962). "Marriage contracts among the Tiwi".
172:, the most polysynthetic of all Australian languages, is a
770:
1000:
Hart, Charles William Merton; Pilling, Arnold R. (1960).
803:
by Jarred Cross for National Indigenous Times 15 May 2023
758:
590:
303:
Ceiling of a Tiwi Island art gallery and studio, 2011.
152:
on the Australian mainland. Their society is based on
124:
groups of Australia. Nearly 2,000 Tiwi people live on
578:
344:
536:
gave me Tunuvivi as the ancient and proper name.' (
1001:
904:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
566:
272:. From the sea they hunt for turtle, crocodiles,
2191:
602:
1029:Culture Sketches: Case Studies in Anthropology
791:by Jack Banister for The Guardian 3 March 2019
136:, lying about 48 kilometres (30 mi) from
1150:
1079:
1026:
752:
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
680:
668:
644:
632:
620:
596:
356:Grand Final 05/06 at Stanley Tipiloura Oval,
202:Islands who were not of direct Tiwi descent.
2205:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
148:, with no apparent link to the languages of
999:
887:PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, Australia
843:By Thomas Morgan for ABC News 6 August 2023
1157:
1143:
830:– via National Library of Australia.
814:"Football No. 1 Sport' For Island Natives"
39:
30:
105:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
880:
776:
764:
348:
298:
239:
1095:
1049:
956:
925:
656:
584:
537:
2192:
183:
1138:
1120:
897:
608:
572:
550:
968:
891:University of Sydney doctoral thesis
61:Regions with significant populations
13:
985:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1930.tb01643.x
865:Bomber takes role in new territory
855:Article from Sydney Morning Herald
370:Northern Territory Football League
345:Yiloga (Australian rules football)
16:Australian aboriginal ethnic group
14:
2216:
1121:Weeks, Jonny (12 February 2016).
383:
858:
846:
834:
806:
794:
782:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
1063:Australian National University
638:
626:
614:
543:
523:
268:, turtle and seagull eggs and
1:
1027:Peters-Golden, Holly (1997).
512:, Australian rules footballer
506:, Australian rules footballer
500:, Australian rules footballer
494:, Australian rules footballer
488:, Australian rules footballer
482:, Australian rules footballer
476:, Australian rules footballer
470:, Australian rules footballer
464:, Australian rules footballer
458:, Australian rules footballer
452:, Australian rules footballer
446:, Australian rules footballer
440:, Australian rules footballer
434:, Australian rules footballer
428:, Australian rules footballer
422:, Australian rules footballer
416:, Australian rules footballer
404:, Australian rules footballer
392:, Australian rules footballer
89:Aboriginal Australian English
881:Campbell, Genevieve (2013).
560:
366:Tiwi Islands Football League
354:Tiwi Islands Football League
180:on the Australian mainland.
7:
1004:The Tiwi of North Australia
450:Anthony McDonald-Tipungwuti
231:
190:Tiwi Islands § History
164:
132:Islands, which make up the
10:
2221:
1104:Cambridge University Press
909:Cambridge University Press
873:
378:Australian Football League
294:
205:
187:
2123:
1176:
100:
95:
79:
74:
65:
60:
55:
50:
38:
29:
516:
360:. Mulluwurri vs Pumurali
321:
1051:Tindale, Norman Barnett
410:, Australian politician
398:, Australian politician
1096:Venbrux, Eric (1995).
1055:"Tunuvivi (Tiwi) (NT)"
361:
307:
304:
245:
120:) are one of the many
2129:By state or territory
352:
302:
243:
210:The Tiwi come from a
188:Further information:
96:Related ethnic groups
1602:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
867:Article from The Age
256:, lizards, possums,
2200:Tiwi Islands people
1083:. Tiwi Land Council
899:Dixon, Robert M. W.
287:, evocative of the
244:Tiwi Islands, 2005.
184:Country and history
26:
2142:Northern Territory
1170:Northern Territory
1081:"The Tiwi Islands"
779:, pp. 98–115.
753:Peters-Golden 1997
741:Peters-Golden 1997
729:Peters-Golden 1997
717:Peters-Golden 1997
705:Peters-Golden 1997
693:Peters-Golden 1997
681:Peters-Golden 1997
669:Peters-Golden 1997
645:Peters-Golden 1997
633:Peters-Golden 1997
621:Peters-Golden 1997
510:Austin Wonaeamirri
362:
305:
246:
159:Stolen Generations
85:Australian English
68:Northern Territory
24:
2187:
2186:
2177:Western Australia
1113:978-0-521-47351-4
1072:978-0-708-10741-6
1042:978-0-070-49715-3
1019:978-0-030-05700-7
918:978-0-521-47378-1
597:Tiwi Land Council
492:Maurice Rioli Jr.
110:
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2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
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1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
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1927:
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1911:Ritharngu/Diakui
1906:
1899:
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1871:
1863:
1856:
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1842:
1835:
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1588:Makarrwanhalmirr
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1092:
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1031:(2nd ed.).
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894:
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504:Brian Stanislaus
260:, pig, buffalo,
174:language isolate
146:language isolate
51:Total population
43:
34:
27:
23:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2156:South Australia
2154:
2147:
2140:
2135:New South Wales
2133:
2128:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2065:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
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1404:
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1383:
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1306:
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1278:
1271:
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1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:peoples in the
1163:
1133:
1114:
1086:
1084:
1073:
1043:
1020:
942:10.2307/3772851
919:
907:. Vol. 1.
876:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
825:
823:
812:
811:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
767:, p. xvii.
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462:Danielle Ponter
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12:
11:
5:
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2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1883:Pitjantjatjara
1879:
1872:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
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1738:
1731:
1728:Murngin=Yolgnu
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
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1689:
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1297:
1290:
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1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1112:
1093:
1077:
1071:
1047:
1041:
1024:
1018:
997:
979:(2): 167–180.
966:
958:Goodale, J. G.
954:
936:(4): 452–466.
923:
917:
895:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:
857:
845:
833:
819:The Daily News
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
587:, p. 236.
577:
564:
562:
559:
556:
555:
553:, p. 251)
542:
540:, p. 236)
530:Norman Tindale
521:
520:
518:
515:
514:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
456:Shannon Motlop
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
420:Adam Kerinaiua
417:
414:David Kantilla
411:
408:Lawrence Costa
405:
399:
393:
385:
384:Notable people
382:
346:
343:
323:
320:
309:
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296:
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233:
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207:
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185:
182:
166:
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108:
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63:
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58:
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53:
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48:
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36:
35:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2217:
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2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
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1996:
1992:
1989:
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1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
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1763:Ngaanyatjarra
1760:
1757:
1753:
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1749:Nanggikorongo
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:Murrinh-Patha
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:Mulluk-Mulluk
1711:
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1700:Menhdheyangal
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1441:Garrwa/Karawa
1438:
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1128:
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1034:
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986:
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947:
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935:
931:
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914:
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888:
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861:
854:
849:
842:
837:
821:
820:
815:
809:
802:
797:
790:
785:
778:
777:Campbell 2013
773:
766:
765:Campbell 2013
761:
755:, p. 238
754:
749:
743:, p. 240
742:
737:
731:, p. 240
730:
725:
719:, p. 239
718:
713:
707:, p. 239
706:
701:
695:, p. 239
694:
689:
683:, p. 238
682:
677:
671:, p. 238
670:
665:
658:
653:
647:, p. 238
646:
641:
635:, p. 238
634:
629:
623:, p. 237
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
575:, p. 82.
574:
569:
565:
552:
546:
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:Maurice Rioli
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:Malcolm Lynch
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
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359:
355:
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342:
339:
335:
333:
329:
319:
316:
301:
292:
290:
286:
285:totemic dance
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:carpet snakes
255:
250:
242:
238:
229:
227:
223:
218:
213:
203:
200:
196:
191:
181:
179:
175:
171:
162:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:Tiwi language
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
42:
37:
33:
28:
19:
2086:Yindjilandji
1917:
1826:Ngolokwangga
1630:Marimanindji
1518:Karrangpurru
1231:Anindilyakwa
1224:Andakerebina
1127:The Guardian
1126:
1098:
1085:. Retrieved
1058:
1028:
1003:
976:
970:
961:
933:
927:
903:
886:
860:
848:
836:
824:. Retrieved
817:
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
659:, p. 13
657:Venbrux 1995
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
585:Tindale 1974
580:
568:
545:
538:Tindale 1974
525:
498:Willie Rioli
474:Daniel Rioli
438:Michael Long
426:Sean Lemmens
402:Ronnie Burns
396:Manuel Brown
374:Tiwi Bombers
363:
358:Wurrumiyanga
340:
336:
327:
325:
311:
280:
279:Dancing, or
278:
270:magpie geese
262:flying foxes
251:
247:
235:
224:where other
209:
197:
193:
168:
134:Tiwi Islands
117:
113:
111:
101:
21:Ethnic group
18:
1840:Norweilemil
1672:Marrithiyal
1665:Marranunggu
1462:Gungorogone
1033:McGraw-Hill
534:E. A. Worms
468:Cyril Rioli
390:Janet Baird
212:matrilineal
178:Arnhem Land
154:matrilineal
150:Arnhem Land
114:Tiwi people
83:, English (
66:Australia (
25:Tiwi people
2194:Categories
2149:Queensland
2037:Wongkamala
2009:Warndarang
1904:Rembarrnga
1890:Pongaponga
1854:Nunggubuyu
1784:Ngaliwurru
1756:Nangiomeri
1637:Marinunggo
1623:Maridjabin
1546:Kungarakan
1497:Jamindjung
1406:Emmiyangal
1371:Djerimanga
1287:Bingongina
1238:Anmatyerre
1166:Aboriginal
962:Tiwi wives
609:Weeks 2016
573:Dixon 2002
551:Dixon 2002
480:Dean Rioli
372:club, the
276:and fish.
122:Aboriginal
2030:Wilingura
2016:Warumungu
1995:Warlmanpa
1946:Wadjiginy
1805:Ngarinman
1770:Ngalakgan
1721:Muringura
1686:Matuntara
1595:Mangarayi
1581:Madngella
1567:Kwarandji
1560:Kunwinjku
1553:Kunibidji
1469:Gunindiri
1434:Gambalang
1427:Gadjerong
1399:Doolboong
1350:Djalakuru
1273:Bilingara
1266:Beriguruk
1217:Amijangal
1203:Alyawarre
929:Ethnology
561:Citations
289:dreamtime
266:bandicoot
75:Languages
2170:Victoria
2163:Tasmania
2079:Yaroinga
2044:Wulwulam
2002:Warlpiri
1988:Wardaman
1981:Wandjira
1897:Puneitja
1868:Perrakee
1833:Ngormbur
1707:Mudburra
1644:Marijedi
1574:Larrakia
1525:Kaytetye
1476:Gurindji
1448:Giimbiyu
1413:Gaagudju
1280:Binbinga
1245:Arrernte
1087:13 April
1053:(1974).
993:40327319
960:(1971).
901:(2002).
432:Ben Long
232:Marriage
165:Language
130:Melville
126:Bathurst
118:Tunuvivi
2114:Yunggor
2072:Yanyuwa
2058:Yangman
2051:Wurango
1974:Wambaya
1953:Wagoman
1876:Pintupi
1847:Nungali
1812:Ngarnka
1798:Ngardok
1679:Mati Ke
1616:Maridan
1609:Mariamo
1532:Kukatja
1511:Jingili
1483:Iwaidja
1455:Gudanji
1378:Djinang
1364:Djerait
1343:Dhuwala
1322:Dalabon
1308:Dagoman
1301:Burarra
1259:Awinmul
1182:Airiman
972:Oceania
950:3772851
874:Sources
295:Culture
254:wallaby
222:kinship
217:kinship
206:Kinship
2093:Yolngu
1960:Wakaya
1939:Wadere
1932:Waanyi
1819:Ngarti
1791:Ngandi
1777:Ngalia
1742:Nagara
1539:Kunapa
1504:Jawoyn
1392:Djowei
1385:Djinba
1336:Dhuwal
1294:Bininj
1252:Awarai
1210:Amarak
1110:
1069:
1039:
1016:
991:
948:
915:
826:17 May
328:kulama
274:dugong
140:. The
138:Darwin
2100:Yukul
2023:Watta
1925:Tjial
1861:Oitbi
1693:Maung
1658:Marra
1651:Mariu
1490:Jaako
1420:Gaari
1357:Djaŋu
1329:Dangu
1196:Alura
1189:Alawa
989:JSTOR
946:JSTOR
517:Notes
322:Music
315:ochre
226:races
199:Dutch
144:is a
56:2,000
2107:Yumu
1967:Walu
1918:Tiwi
1315:Daii
1108:ISBN
1089:2020
1067:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1014:ISBN
1010:Holt
913:ISBN
828:2022
170:Tiwi
128:and
116:(or
112:The
81:Tiwi
981:doi
938:doi
332:yam
308:Art
281:yoi
102:See
2196::
1125:.
1106:.
1102:.
1065:.
1061:.
1057:.
1035:.
1012:.
1008:.
987:.
975:.
944:.
932:.
911:.
889:.
885:.
816:.
264:,
87:,
1870:?
1158:e
1151:t
1144:v
1129:.
1116:.
1091:.
1075:.
1045:.
1022:.
995:.
983::
977:1
964:.
952:.
940::
934:1
921:.
893:.
611:.
599:.
330:(
91:)
70:)
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