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expands over 3 hills, joined and encircled by a wall (150 meters long, 3 meters wide), which supplements the natural defense offered by the cliffs. A number of towers was built on each hill. A secret tunnel connects the castle with the river to provide access to water even during a siege. Within the walls two reservoirs accumulated water. The western part of the fortress is better preserved. A small number of buildings subsist inside the castle itself. A quadrangular building made of
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According to an
Armenian oral tradition recorded during a scientific expedition, the castle once belonged to an Armenian duke, who successfully repelled the attempts of invaders to storm the castle. But a Persian shah seduced his wife and took the castle by cunning. After poisoning her husband and
513:
The castle of Tmogvi was built in picturesque surroundings, on top of a poorly accessible mountain high above the Kura River. It is protected by from two sides by the river and from another from sides by deep gorges. Access to the castle is via narrow passages, protected by the walls. The castle
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522:
foundation is assumed to have been a church. Outside of the walls, on the western side, the church of Saint Ephrem subsists in ruined condition, with fragments of frescoes from the 13th century. Ruins of the town are spread far from the southeastern walls along the slope.
430:
approached Tmogvi, but retreated without an attempt to capture it. This was the first mention of the fortress in the chronicles. By the beginning of the 11th century, the fortress had passed under the direct control of the unified
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making his army drunk, the duke's wife opened the castle gates for the enemy. After taking the castle the
Persians perpetrated a brutal reprisal against its defenders and residents of nearby villages.
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In 1073, it was given in apanage to the nobleman Niania
Kuabulisdze; his descendants kept it in the following centuries, before it passed to other major feudal families such as the
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408:
407:". The fortress is first mentioned in sources from the 9th century. It was built as a defensive work controlling the ancient trade route between the
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was also a writer and poet, and philosopher. The town was restored and blossomed, after it was destroyed again in the second earthquake of 1283.
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and the gorge of Kura, over a gorge formed by the Kura River. It was a crucial military stronghold in the region of
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branch. The
Georgian chronicles report numerous attempts to take the castle over, but they were rarely successful.
416:
474:, when its ruler Kakhaber and his wife both died. In 1191, the fortress was gifted to Sargis-Mkhargrdzeli by
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Tmogvi gained importance after the neighboring town and fortress of Tsunda was ruined around 900 AD. In 914
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The third earthquake of 1319 destroyed Tmogvi again. It was restored during the rule of
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628:Закарая, П. (1983) Памятники Восточной Грузии. Искусство, Москва, 376 с. (In Russian)
619:Закарая, П. (1983) Памятники Восточной Грузии. Искусство, Москва, 376 с. (In Russian)
610:Закарая, П. (1983) Памятники Восточной Грузии. Искусство, Москва, 376 с. (In Russian)
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by architect
Theodor. The medieval Georgian writer Sargis Tmogveli was from Tmogvi.
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550:"The Capture of Tmbkaberd" («Взятие Тмкаберда»). Soviet-Armenian composer
478:. Mkhargrdzeli ruled in Tmogvi for a century. The most famous among them,
667:(2nd ed.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 98–99.
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transferred the fortress, among with the surrounding region, to the
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family were the last rulers of the fortress in the 16th century.
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Immovable
Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia
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Immovable
Cultural Monument of National Significance of Georgia
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Armenia: with
Nagorno Karabagh : the Bradt travel guide
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470:. In 1088, the fortress collapsed in the first devastating
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371:) is a ruined fortress and medieval town in the southern
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415:. The feudal lords of the region were at that time the
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gained control of the fortress in 1578. In 1829, the
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383:, a few kilometers downstream of the cave city of
439:. The king imprisoned two rulers of the duchy of
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688:Произведение О. Туманяна "Взятие крепости Тмук"
804:Buildings and structures in Samtskhe–Javakheti
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554:used the libretto to create his famous opera
535:wrote one of his most famous poems, titled
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542:Based on Tumanyan's work, Russian poet
248:Item Number in Cultural Heritage Portal
799:Castles and forts in Georgia (country)
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395:The name "Tmogvi" is derived from the
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741:Berdzenishvili D., Sagharadze Sh.,
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59:The ruins of Tmogvi from the North
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767:Research on Armenian Architecture
531:In 1902, Armenia's national poet
706:. АН Армянской ССР. p. 162.
527:In tradition, art and literature
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702:(1979). "497. Крепость Тмбук".
639:"Tumanian, Ovanes Tadevosovich"
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91:Show map of Samtskhe-Javakheti
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403:, meaning "pagan priest" or "
314:Date of entry in the registry
743:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
16:Medieval fortress in Georgia
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217:Tmogvi Castle-Ruins complex
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663:Holding, Nicholas (2008).
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379:, on the left bank of the
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643:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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537:The Capture of Tmkaberd
152:41.405000°N 43.329000°E
319:; 16 years ago
227:; 17 years ago
552:Alexander Spendiaryan
225:November 7, 2006
38:Aspindza municipality
769:. pp. 192–204.
749:, 1979 (in Georgian)
539:(Թմկաբերդի առումը).
499:Treaty of Adrianople
317:October 3, 2007
157:41.405000; 43.329000
451:, in the fortress.
428:Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj
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121:Show map of Georgia
754:Karapetian, Samvel
719:Unknown parameter
704:Армянские предания
533:Hovhannes Tumanyan
433:Kingdom of Georgia
377:Samtskhe-Javakheti
240:Reference no.
42:Samtskhe-Javakheti
776:978-99941-875-7-7
487:Murvan Katkhaidze
409:Javakheti plateau
360:[tʰmoɡʷi]
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646:. Retrieved
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509:Architecture
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193:10th century
189:10th century
181:Site history
143:43°19′44.4″E
140:41°24′18.0″N
28:
765:. Yerevan:
648:26 November
476:Queen Tamar
155: /
131:Coordinates
793:Categories
578:References
546:wrote the
472:earthquake
445:Sumbat III
437:Bagrat III
381:Kura River
375:region of
324:2007-10-03
232:2006-11-07
222:Designated
723:ignored (
712:cite book
558:in 1928.
417:Bagratids
413:Javakheti
173:Condition
756:(2011).
566:See also
548:libretto
460:Tmogveli
441:Klarjeti
421:Georgian
397:Armenian
373:Georgian
369:Թմկաբերդ
365:Armenian
350:Georgian
346:Tmkaberd
759:Javakhk
747:Tbilisi
736:Sources
466:or the
391:History
385:Vardzia
322: (
230: (
191: (
46:Georgia
773:
671:
572:Tsunda
556:Almast
520:basalt
468:Jaqeli
462:, the
458:, the
456:Toreli
449:Gurgen
419:, the
355:თმოგვი
352::
342:Tmogvi
176:Ruined
29:თმოგვი
763:(PDF)
583:Notes
518:on a
405:magus
399:word
273:10813
269:16452
264:16453
260:17187
256:16454
186:Built
771:ISBN
725:help
669:ISBN
650:2013
516:tuff
307:8268
303:8270
298:8274
294:8278
290:8281
286:8284
281:8286
277:8288
252:8270
401:mog
344:or
243:332
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714:}}
710:{{
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