1746:
979:
sectors within the economic structure of the department such as the coffee registered a reduction of 22.4%, reducing 2 percentage points to the total variation, and others did not have important growth or presented/displayed diminutions in its added values. So it is the case of the activity branches: transport, commerce and repairs, industry and electricity gas and water, which jointly reduced 1.7 percentage points to the variation, whereas other services, rights and taxes, construction and farming rest, forestry and 3.6 percentage points fish were the branches with greater positive contribution to the variation of the GDP when contributing.
879:, the Cabrera, Coello, the Tetuán, the Gualí, the Rio Recio, and the Rio Prado. The Rio Prado dam is found on the river of the same name. This is the largest fresh water lake in central Colombia and is also an important tourist attraction. The Saldaña river is central to farming in the area; it has en area of influence of 9,800 square kilometers; equal to 41.5% of the departamental area, the longest reach in Tolima, and has the best flow to its irrigation district. It feeds into the crops in the cities of Saldaña and Purificación, as well as its tributaries; the Cucuana, Luisa, and Amoya rivers.
211:
2042:
1178:
1802:
1762:
1812:
2054:
2064:
1772:
1993:
223:
174:
2084:
1792:
164:
2015:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1839:
2127:
2104:
1983:
1946:
1879:
276:
2032:
1963:
2005:
1926:
1849:
993:
893:
545:
34:
2114:
954:
1829:
2074:
1782:
1936:
1869:
1859:
1973:
867:, is also built near a very large active volcano; the Nevado del Tolima. It stands at 5215 meters (17,110 ft) high, and last erupted in 1943. The Combeima River flows from this mountain and passes by Ibagué, part of which is situated close enough to the river to be put in danger by volcanic flows, should the volcano ever erupt again.
978:
According to the results of the DANE census, the department of Tolima registered between the years of 2001 and 2002 a diminution, to constant prices, of 0.1% in its GDP, falling from Col$ 2.05 trillion in 2001 to Col$ 2.04 trillion in 2002. The result is explained by the fact that traditional
842:
The greater part of the department of Tolima sits on the
Continental Lithospheric Mesoproterozoic Grenville Province, which consists of the Cordillera Central, the Cordillera Oriental, and the mountain ranges of Santa Marta and la Macarena. Most of the territory is situated over
1058:
Music is the distinguishing cultural expression of Tolima. Its capital, Ibagué, is well known as "the musical city of
Colombia", and is home to one of the nation's classic conservatoriums. The department also is famous for the Fiestas of San Pedro in
1074:, Martín Pomala, Luz Stella; painters: Darío Jiménez, Jorge Elías Triana, Darío Ortiz Robledo, Carlos Granada, Julio Fajardo; historians Eduardo Santa, Gonzalo Sanchez, Hermes Tovar Pinzón, Hernán Clavijo, Darío Ortiz Vidales.
826:, and hotter zones in wide valleys lower than 400 meters above sea level that reach temperatures hotter than 40 degrees Celsius. The Tolima department includes three distinct regions: a mountainous region, occupied by the
813:
Being situated close to the equator, the department of Tolima does not experience seasons, but it does enjoy a variety of different mountainous temperatures: snowy summits more than 5,000 meters high (home to the
1432:
858:
Volcanic activity is an issue that residents must deal with living in many parts of Tolima, due to its location over various geological faults. In 1985, for example, the Nevado de Ruiz erupted and caused the
1665:
Thouret, Jean-Claude; Laforge, Christophe (December 1994). "Hazard
Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia".
1380:
1302:
1348:
1191:
1255:
972:. Within the sector services Tolima excels in commerce, public administration, other services to the community and "reparaciones", which contribute respectively 11.2% and 9.1% of the GDP.
834:, which contains the source of the Cabrera river. These two mountain ranges are separated by the Magdalena Valley, and join back together further south, where the river's head is located.
1515:
1640:
698:
occurred in the department. It caused the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, destroying the town of Armero. It produced lahars and 23,000 people died in the tragedy.
2047:
675:
1155:
461:
875:
The territory of Tolima is traversed from the south to north by the
Magdalena River, of which the main rivers of the Tolima are tributary. Other rivers are the
1163:
2167:
1726:
1084:
830:; a plain, that corresponds to the valleys of the rivers Magdalena and Saldaña; and the region to the southeast which forms the western slope of the
683:
789:
Whites and
Mestizos (94.46%) Makes it one of the most Eurocentric and less diverse departments in terms of race or ethnicity in the country.
1519:
614:
inhabited the southern parts of Tolima during pre-Columbian times. The name of the department comes from the Pijao word for "snowed". The
378:
1541:
236:
1613:
Gomez Molina, Eduardo; V. Little, Adrienne (August 1981). "Geoecology of the Andes: The
Natural Science Basis for Research Planning".
2172:
495:, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of
1174:
The
Department of Tolima groups its municipalities into six zones: northern, eastern, southern, center, southeastern and snowy.
98:
70:
1719:
1088:, a rice- and yellow pea-based dish with pork, egg, chicken, beef and vegetable filling, wrapped inside a plantain leaf; the
355:
1745:
77:
1014:
914:
815:
566:
51:
1495:
1040:
940:
592:
178:
117:
1022:
922:
574:
2162:
1712:
84:
1766:
173:
863:, which caused the death of more than 23,000 people and destroyed the town of Armero. The department's capital,
1018:
918:
831:
570:
528:
331:
55:
66:
1998:
1139:
1070:
Tolima has produced many writers: Arturo
Camacho Ramíez, Juan Lozano y Lozano, Diego Fallon, William Ospina,
827:
655:
222:
210:
1583:
643:
1082:
The department is also widely recognised for its distinctive cuisine. Famous regional dishes include the
964:
Industry in Tolima, as has been happening to the whole country, has been declining in its proportion of
2157:
2089:
1147:
200:
163:
1492:(1878-1937), founder of the Conservatory of the Tolima, and composer of the Hymn of Tolima Department
1143:
618:, of the same linguistic family as the Pijao, populated the northern regions of Tolima, close to the
1003:
903:
555:
293:
268:
975:
The GDP per inhabitant in Tolima, registered during 2002 a reduction of 0.4% in constant prices.
630:
mining territories. They fought against a
Spanish-Muisca coalition and were first defeated in the
1910:
1735:
1007:
907:
559:
500:
492:
449:
151:
44:
20:
1796:
1067:
and in Ibagué, the
Colombian Folkloric Festival and the "Concurso de Duetos Garzón y Collazos."
662:
on August 6, 1538. On its way, De Belalcázar founded the settlement that would become known as
91:
1950:
439:
2019:
1920:
1900:
1843:
1806:
2058:
2036:
1967:
1776:
1641:"30 years since the Armero disaster: What lessons did this deadly tragedy reach the world?"
1457:
1420:
1295:
1285:
1131:
822:
National Natural Parks) with below freezing temperatures like the Nevado del Huila and the
520:
496:
300:
2108:
1987:
1816:
1353:
8:
2009:
1930:
1853:
1425:
1151:
1135:
969:
310:
288:
2041:
1883:
2118:
1675:
1622:
1373:
1260:
1216:
1201:
1060:
631:
1462:
799:
African (1.22%) Most of them come from the recent coastal migration to the department.
682:
in the west of the department. These two cities would become an important part of the
1833:
1786:
1437:
1390:
1332:
1248:
1206:
823:
679:
671:
2068:
1940:
1873:
1863:
1489:
1243:
1196:
1071:
819:
508:
504:
487:
1801:
1159:
876:
527:. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously
1977:
1811:
1442:
1280:
1177:
1127:
619:
512:
2053:
1771:
1558:
1467:
1405:
1368:
1322:
1275:
1270:
1238:
1211:
860:
852:
695:
647:
401:
1761:
2151:
1992:
1452:
1327:
848:
623:
622:. Renowned as fierce warriors, the Panche were widely known for fighting the
615:
432:
251:
238:
792:
Amerindian or Indigenous (4.32%) Being the largest Amerindian community the
2063:
793:
611:
2083:
1704:
1791:
1337:
1679:
2014:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1838:
1626:
2126:
2103:
1982:
1590:. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Archived from
1098:, small potato, rice and meat stuffed pastries, made with corn dough;
651:
516:
1945:
1878:
1415:
1400:
1290:
1064:
678:, who founded the city of Ibagué and established the municipality of
415:
2131:
2031:
1962:
992:
892:
864:
663:
659:
544:
524:
315:
33:
2004:
1925:
1848:
1410:
1363:
1307:
1110:
953:
844:
427:
281:
2113:
1114:, a type of cheese wrapped in a plantain leaf. Drinks include the
646:
travelling from the south of later Colombia, where he had founded
523:. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km, and its capital is
2073:
1828:
1781:
1395:
1233:
1221:
1100:
1090:
667:
627:
1935:
1868:
1858:
1591:
1972:
1358:
1312:
1265:
1227:
420:
1447:
1385:
1317:
968:, while services gain more importance, a phenomenon known as
1696:
666:. De Belalcázar traveled until he reached the settlement of
471:
407:
965:
654:
in 1537. He set north to finally reach the area where
642:
Spanish colonization of the region began in 1537 with
1612:
1559:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1104:(although not exclusively from this department) and
961:The economy of the Tolima is based on agriculture.
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2149:
1664:
1720:
140:
1551:
1734:
1126:Tolima gave to the country ten presidents:
1021:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
921:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
674:. Later conquests were executed by captain
670:in Tolima, before heading east towards the
573:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2168:States and territories established in 1886
1727:
1713:
605:
1542:"Producto Interno Bruto por departamento"
1041:Learn how and when to remove this message
941:Learn how and when to remove this message
593:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1176:
952:
507:, and on the west by the departments of
637:
2150:
1094:, a yellow pea-and-meat-stuffed pork;
720:
347:23,562 km (9,097 sq mi)
1708:
1697:Government of Tolima official website
1053:
486:
130:Department in Andean Region, Colombia
1185:
1019:adding citations to reliable sources
986:
919:adding citations to reliable sources
886:
571:adding citations to reliable sources
538:
503:; on the south by the department of
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
499:; on the east by the department of
13:
837:
715:
330:Adriana Magali Matiz (2023-2027) (
14:
2184:
1690:
1615:Mountain Research and Development
1496:Coat of arms of Tolima Department
1169:
2125:
2112:
2102:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2040:
2030:
2013:
2003:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1744:
991:
891:
543:
274:
221:
209:
172:
162:
32:
2173:1886 establishments in Colombia
808:
701:
43:needs additional citations for
1658:
1633:
1606:
1576:
1534:
1508:
1118:, a cold oatmeal-based drink.
1108:, smaller flour pastries; and
870:
332:Partido Conservador Colombiano
1:
1501:
1077:
957:Plantation of rice in Saldaña
689:
803:
227:Topography of the department
7:
1483:
192:¡Tierra firme de Colombia!"
10:
2189:
982:
882:
656:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
534:
18:
1751:
1742:
781:
733:—
467:
448:
438:
426:
414:
397:
392:
384:
374:
366:
361:
351:
343:
338:
326:
321:
309:
299:
287:
267:
232:
220:
208:
198:
188:
158:
149:
135:
1674:(4). Springer: 407–413.
1181:Municipalities of Tolima
1140:José María Rojas Garrido
1121:
139:
2163:Departments of Colombia
1736:Departments of Colombia
1148:Alfonso López Michelsen
676:Andrés Lopez de Galarza
644:Sebastián de Belalcázar
606:Indigenous civilization
493:departments of Colombia
142:Departamento del Tolima
21:Tolima (disambiguation)
2123:Capital district:
1182:
1156:Carlos Lozano y Lozano
958:
484:Spanish pronunciation:
388:56/km (150/sq mi)
141:
16:Department of Colombia
1563:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1180:
956:
707:Historical population
327: • Governor
1584:"Reloj de Población"
1144:Miguel Abadía Méndez
1015:improve this section
915:improve this section
849:Late Triassic period
638:Spanish colonization
634:on August 20, 1538.
626:over the control of
567:improve this section
385: • Density
137:Department of Tolima
52:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1645:www.accuweather.com
1522:on 13 November 2009
1136:Manuel Murillo Toro
970:deindustrialization
832:Cordillera Oriental
708:
491:) is one of the 32
248: /
215:Tolima shown in red
67:"Tolima Department"
1594:on 28 October 2016
1183:
1164:Deogracias Fonseca
1106:Bizcocho calentano
1054:Music and the Arts
959:
828:Cordillera Central
706:
632:Battle of Tocarema
398: • Total
367: • Total
344: • Total
2158:Tolima Department
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
1480:
1479:
1354:Carmen de Apicalá
1249:Valle de San Juan
1051:
1050:
1043:
951:
950:
943:
824:Nevado del Tolima
786:
785:
686:("Coffee Axis").
603:
602:
595:
488:[toˈlima]
477:
476:
472:www.tolima.gov.co
375: • Rank
352: • Rank
128:
127:
120:
102:
2180:
2129:
2116:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2034:
2017:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1684:
1683:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1512:
1490:Alberto Castilla
1186:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1026:
995:
987:
946:
939:
935:
932:
926:
895:
887:
847:deposits of the
820:Nevado del Huila
722:
717:
709:
705:
620:Magdalena Valley
598:
591:
587:
584:
578:
547:
539:
490:
485:
459:
280:
278:
277:
263:
262:
260:
259:
258:
253:
252:4.433°N 75.233°W
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
225:
213:
176:
166:
144:
133:
132:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2090:Valle del Cauca
2088:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2024:
2023:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1903:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1749:
1738:
1733:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1546:www.dane.gov.co
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1486:
1481:
1172:
1132:José María Melo
1128:Domingo Caycedo
1124:
1085:Tamal Tolimense
1080:
1056:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1012:
996:
985:
947:
936:
930:
927:
912:
896:
885:
873:
840:
838:Tectonic Plates
811:
806:
704:
692:
640:
608:
599:
588:
582:
579:
564:
548:
537:
513:Valle del Cauca
483:
457:
456:
405:
275:
273:
256:
254:
250:
247:
242:
239:
237:
235:
234:
228:
216:
201:Bunde Tolimense
194:
184:
183:
182:
181:
170:
169:
154:
145:
138:
131:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2028:
2027:
2025:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1691:External links
1689:
1686:
1685:
1657:
1632:
1621:(2): 118–122.
1605:
1575:
1550:
1533:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1184:
1171:
1170:Municipalities
1168:
1152:Darío Echandía
1123:
1120:
1079:
1076:
1063:, San Juan in
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
999:
997:
990:
984:
981:
949:
948:
899:
897:
890:
884:
881:
872:
869:
861:Armero tragedy
853:Early Jurassic
839:
836:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
790:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
718:
713:
703:
700:
696:Armero tragedy
691:
688:
672:Bogotá savanna
639:
636:
607:
604:
601:
600:
551:
549:
542:
536:
533:
475:
474:
469:
465:
464:
453:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
430:
424:
423:
418:
412:
411:
404:30,438 billion
399:
395:
394:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
345:
341:
340:
336:
335:
328:
324:
323:
319:
318:
313:
307:
306:
305:August 4, 1886
303:
297:
296:
291:
285:
284:
271:
265:
264:
257:4.433; -75.233
230:
229:
226:
218:
217:
214:
206:
205:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
177:
171:
167:
161:
160:
159:
156:
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147:
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136:
129:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2185:
2174:
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1160:Gabriel París
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1031:December 2022
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1000:This section
998:
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931:December 2022
924:
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905:
900:This section
898:
894:
889:
888:
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877:Saldaña River
868:
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583:December 2022
576:
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562:
561:
557:
552:This section
550:
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428:ISO 3166 code
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294:Andean Region
292:
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233:Coordinates:
231:
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72:
69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2101:
2078:
2029:
1999:N. Santander
1960:
1911:Cundinamarca
1893:
1826:
1759:
1700:(in Spanish)
1671:
1667:
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1644:
1635:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1587:
1578:
1568:13 September
1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1553:
1545:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1510:
1474:
1458:Purificacion
1433:Southeastern
1421:Roncesvalles
1296:Villahermosa
1286:Santa Isabel
1226:
1173:
1125:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1037:
1028:
1013:Please help
1001:
977:
974:
963:
960:
937:
928:
913:Please help
901:
874:
857:
841:
816:Las Hermosas
812:
809:Physiography
702:Demographics
694:In 1985 the
693:
684:Eje Cafetero
658:had founded
641:
609:
589:
580:
565:Please help
553:
529:Cundinamarca
501:Cundinamarca
479:
478:
410:7.1 billion)
203:
191:
189:Motto:
179:Coat of arms
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
1650:22 February
1526:13 February
1426:San Antonio
1338:Palocabildo
1072:James Cañón
871:Hydrography
301:Established
255: /
2152:Categories
2048:San Andrés
1951:La Guajira
1668:GeoJournal
1502:References
1374:Villarrica
1261:Casabianca
1202:Anzoategui
1078:Gastronomy
690:Modern era
462:18th of 33
362:Population
322:Government
152:Department
78:newspapers
2059:Santander
2037:Risaralda
1968:Magdalena
1797:Atlántico
1777:Antioquia
1438:Alpujarra
1416:Rioblanco
1401:Natagaima
1391:Chaparral
1333:Mariquita
1291:Venadillo
1207:Cajamarca
1096:Empanadas
1065:Natagaima
1002:does not
902:does not
851:(T3) and
804:Geography
774:1,330,187
763:1,365,342
752:1,286,078
741:1,142,220
680:Cajamarca
554:does not
521:Risaralda
440:Provinces
416:Time zone
370:1,330,187
108:July 2008
2010:Putumayo
1931:Guaviare
1854:Casanare
1767:Amazonas
1680:41146332
1484:See also
1411:Planadas
1381:Southern
1364:Icononzo
1308:Ambalema
1303:Northern
1244:San Luis
1197:Alvarado
1111:Quesillo
845:Mesozoic
282:Colombia
199:Anthem:
2119:Vichada
2020:Quindío
1921:Guainía
1901:Córdoba
1844:Caquetá
1807:Bolívar
1627:3673119
1463:Saldana
1443:Dolores
1396:Coyaima
1349:Eastern
1281:Murillo
1234:Piedras
1222:Flandes
1217:Espinal
1101:Achiras
1091:Lechona
1061:Espinal
1023:removed
1008:sources
983:Culture
923:removed
908:sources
883:Economy
796:people.
782:Source:
730:905,609
668:Flandes
652:Popayán
628:emerald
575:removed
560:sources
535:History
517:Quindío
468:Website
311:Capital
269:Country
243:75°14′W
92:scholar
2132:Bogotá
2130:
2117:
2109:Vaupés
2107:
2087:
2079:Tolima
2077:
2067:
2057:
2045:
2035:
2018:
2008:
1996:
1988:Nariño
1986:
1976:
1966:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1834:Caldas
1832:
1817:Boyacá
1815:
1805:
1795:
1787:Arauca
1785:
1775:
1765:
1678:
1625:
1598:6 July
1516:"DANE"
1475:
1468:Suarez
1406:Ortega
1369:Melgar
1359:Cunday
1323:Fresno
1313:Armero
1276:Libano
1271:Lerida
1266:Herveo
1239:Rovira
1228:Ibague
1212:Coello
1192:Center
1162:, and
865:Ibagué
855:(J1).
755:+12.6%
744:+26.1%
664:Ibagué
660:Bogotá
624:Muisca
616:Panche
525:Ibagué
497:Caldas
480:Tolima
452:(2019)
433:CO-TOL
421:UTC-05
316:Ibagué
289:Region
279:
240:4°26′N
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2069:Sucre
1941:Huila
1884:Chocó
1874:Cesar
1864:Cauca
1676:JSTOR
1623:JSTOR
1453:Prado
1448:Guamo
1386:Ataco
1328:Honda
1318:Falan
1256:Snowy
1122:Other
1116:Avena
794:Pijao
777:−2.6%
771:2018
766:+6.2%
760:2005
749:1993
738:1985
727:1973
612:Pijao
509:Cauca
505:Huila
455:0.747
99:JSTOR
85:books
1978:Meta
1652:2019
1600:2017
1588:DANE
1570:2018
1528:2013
1006:any
1004:cite
906:any
904:cite
818:and
716:Pop.
712:Year
650:and
648:Cali
610:The
558:any
556:cite
519:and
458:high
408:US$
379:10th
356:19th
339:Area
168:Flag
71:news
1017:by
966:GDP
917:by
569:by
450:HDI
402:COP
393:GDP
54:by
2154::
1672:34
1670:.
1643:.
1617:.
1586:.
1561:.
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1166:.
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721:±%
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515:,
511:,
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110:)
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48:.
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