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Czech and Slovak POWs from the Austro-Hungarian army; the order was rescinded in a few weeks, however, because of opposition from other areas of the
Russian government. Despite continuing efforts to persuade the Russian authorities to change their minds, the Czechs and Slovaks were officially barred from recruiting POWs until the summer of 1917. Under these conditions, the Czechoslovak armed unit in Russia grew slowly from 1914 to 1917. Masaryk preferred to concentrate on elites rather than public opinion. On 19 October 1915, Masaryk gave the inaugural address at the newly opened School of Slavonic Studies at
1971:
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1941:
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897:(when they overran Austrian trenches), the Russian provisional government granted Masaryk and the Czechoslovak National Council permission to recruit and mobilize Czech and Slovak volunteers from the POW camps. Later that summer a fourth regiment was added to the brigade, which was renamed the First Division of the Czechoslovak Corps in Russia (Československý sbor na Rusi, also known as the Czechoslovak Legion – Československá legie). A second division of four regiments was added to the legion in October 1917, raising its strength to about 40,000 by 1918.
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1986:
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2016:
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per cent of the vote. These factors resulted in frequent changes of government; Masaryk's tenure saw ten cabinets headed by nine statesmen. Under the circumstances, Masaryk's presence gave
Czechoslovakia a large measure of stability. This stability, combined with his domestic and international prestige, gave Masaryk's presidency more power and influence than the framers of the constitution intended.
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made it all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Usually, ten or more parties received the 2.6 per cent of votes needed for seats in the
National Assembly. With so many parties represented, no party even approached the 151 seats needed for a majority; indeed, no party ever won more than 25
832:
on "The
Problem of Small Nations in the European Crisis", arguing that on both moral and practical grounds that the United Kingdom should support the independence efforts of "small" nations such as the Czechs. Shortly afterwards, Masaryk crossed the English Channel to go to Paris, where he delivered
735:. Masaryk began organizing Czechs and Slovaks outside Austria-Hungary during his exile, establishing contacts which would be crucial to Czechoslovak independence. He delivered lectures and wrote several articles and memoranda supporting the Czechoslovak cause. Masaryk was pivotal in establishing the
827:
From its start, Masaryk wanted to develop the legion from a battalion to a formidable military formation. To do so, however, he realized that he would need to recruit Czech and Slovak prisoners of war (POWs) in
Russian camps. In late 1914, Russian military authorities permitted the legion to enlist
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Masaryk was greatly influenced by the 19th-century cult of science. The 19th century was an age of tremendous scientific and technological advances, and as such scientists enjoyed immense prestige. Masaryk believed that social problems and political conflicts were the results of ignorance, and that
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and
Masaryk was recognised as head of its provisional government. He was formally elected president in November, and was reelected three times subsequently. Masaryk presided over a period of stability as Czechoslovakia emerged as a strong democratic state. He resigned from office in 1935 due to old
876:
In early 1916, the Czechs and
Slovaks in Russian service were reorganized as the First Czecho-Slovak Rifle Regiment. In a rare attempt to influence public opinion, Masaryk opened up an office on Piccadilly Circus in London whose exterior was covered with pro-Czechoslovak slogans and maps with the
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see publications: Charlotta
Garrigue Masaryková (Charlie Masaryková): „O Bedřichu Smetanovi“ (About B. Smetana), články v Naší době 1893 (Articles in Journal „Naše doba“ 1893), Epilogue Miloslav Malý, Masarykovo demokratické hnutí (issued by Masaryk's Democratic Movement, Prague, 2-nd edition),
3028:
Preclík, Vratislav: K stému výročí vzniku
Masarykovy akademie práce (One hundred years of the Masaryk Academy of Labour), in Strojař (The Machinist): Journal of MA, časopis Masarykovy akademie práce, January–June 2020, year XXIX., issue 1, 2., ISSN 1213-0591, registrace Ministerstva kultury ČR
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Later on, Masaryk repeated the same story, only instead of using 'partly managed' he used the phrase 'a great influence on newspapers in all the Allied countries'. The great philosopher and humanist
Masaryk was still using the same anti-Semitic trope found at the bottom of all anti-Jewish
1262:(the Castle), an extensive, informal political network. Under Masaryk's watch, Czechoslovakia became the strongest democracy in Central Europe. Masaryk's status as a Protestant leading a mainly Catholic nation led to criticism, as did his promotion of the 15th-century proto-Protestant
893:, a group dedicated to Slavic resistance to the Austrians. Miliukov became the new Russian foreign minister in the Provisional government, and proved very sympathetic towards the idea of creating Czechoslovakia. After the Czechoslovak troops' performance in July 1917 at the
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provided that one undertook a proper "scientific" approach to studying the underlying causes it would be possible to devise the correct solutions. As such, Masaryk saw his role as an educator who would enlighten the public from its ignorance and apathy.
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broke out in 1914, Masaryk concluded that the best course was to seek independence for Czechs and Slovaks from Austria-Hungary. He went into exile in December 1914 with his daughter, Olga, staying in several places in Western Europe, the
1023:
T.G. Masaryk's heroic defence of the Jewish defendant in the Hilsner Trial left a lasting mark on him and led to a deep interest in Jewish thought, Zionism and interreligious relations. At the same time, according to Czech historian
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844:
During the war, Masaryk's intelligence network of Czech revolutionaries provided critical intelligence to the allies. His European network worked with an American counterespionage network of nearly 80 members, headed by
823:
On 5 August 1914, the Russian High Command authorized the formation of a battalion recruited from Czechs and Slovaks in Russia. The unit went to the front in October 1914 and was attached to the Russian Third Army.
441:, he had become a supporter of Czech and Slovak independence. He went into exile, and travelled around Europe to organise and promote the Czechoslovak cause. He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the
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filled the streets to welcome him; Chicago was the centre of Czechoslovak immigration to the United States, and the city's reception echoed his earlier visits to the city and his visiting professorship at the
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in 1902 (Masaryk had lectured at the university in 1902 and 1907). He also had strong links to the United States, with his marriage to an American citizen and his friendship with Chicago industrialist
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introduced him as the president of the future Czechoslovak Republic de facto and mentioned his legions. On 18 October 1918 he submitted to president Thomas Woodrow Wilson "Washington Declaration" (
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president of Czechoslovakia by the National Assembly in Prague while he was in New York. On 22 December, Masaryk publicly denounced the Germans in Czechoslovakia as settlers and colonists.
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Wein, Martin. 2015. History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands. Leiden: Brill, p. 60-63, including Masaryk's biography with a focus on Jewish ties, also see 40-46 on Hilsner Trial itself
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subjects) were presumed to be German supporters, spied on German and Austrian diplomats. Among other achievements, the intelligence from these networks was critical in uncovering the
940:, who had Masaryk invited to the University of Chicago and introduced to the highest political circles (including Wilson). Except for president Wilson and the secretary of the state
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544:. Jozef Masárik was a carter and, later, the steward and coachman at the imperial estate in the nearby town of Hodonín. Tomáš's mother, Teresie Masaryková (née Kropáčková), was a
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among their ancestors. She became fluent in Czech and published articles in a Czech magazine. Hardships during the World War I took their toll, and she died in 1923. Their son,
865:. Masaryk began teaching at London University in October 1915. He published "Racial Problems in Hungary", with ideas about Czechoslovak independence. In 1916, Masaryk went to
3741:
1220:
With the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, the Allies recognized Masaryk as head of the provisional Czechoslovak government. On 14 November of that year, he was
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in 1918 upon Czechoslovak independence, but he was mostly non-practising and rarely attended religious services. His conversion was influenced by the 1870 declaration of
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in Russia as an effective fighting force on the Allied side during World War I, when he held a Serbian passport. In 1915 he was one of the first staff members of the
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Masaryk, T. G.: Otázka sociální, Praha 1896, German 1898 Otázka sociální: základy marxismu filosofické a sociologické I. a II., MÚ AV ČR, Praha 2000 (6. č. vyd.).
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2810:"Czech-Montenegrin Relations, In: Ladislav Hladký et al., Czech Relations with the Nations and Countries of Southeastern Europe, Zagreb: Srednja Evropa 2019"
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Proceedings from 1.PIMCO "Encyclopedy of Performance", 2500 pages (3 volumes "Man", "Production", "Business") Masaryk Academy of Labour, Prague 1924 - 1926
321:
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2787:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. pp. 12–70, 101–102, 124–125, 128–129, 132, 140–148, 184–190.
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44368_14893_odhaleni.jpg Photo of the unveiling by the President of the City Government Rosario Robles and the Lord Mayor of the City of Prague Jan Kasl
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1479:, where he reportedly resided from 1917 to 1918, and a bust was erected in 2002 on Zakhysnykiv Ukrainy Square (former Druzhby Narodiv Square) in
1292:, he sponsored the first Prague International Management Congress, a July 1924 gathering of 120 global labour experts (of which 60 were from the
881:
who wrote articles in the newspapers urging British support for Czechoslovakia. Another important British contract for Masaryk was the historian
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703:, which he had founded in 1900. At that time, he was not yet campaigning for Czech and Slovak independence from Austria-Hungary. Masaryk helped
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Commemorations of Masaryk have been held annually in the Lány cemetery on his birthday and day of death (7 March and 14 September) since 1989.
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There were founded "The Masaryk Academy of Labour", for the scientific study of scientific management too, with the Masaryk's supporting in
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He is commemorated by a number of statues, busts, plaques, coins and postage stamps. Although most are in or of the Czech Republic and
885:, who also wrote widely in the British press urging British support for the "submerged" nations of the Austrian empire. After the 1917
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reflecting the influence of Anglo-Saxon philosophers, French philosophy and—in particular—the work of 18th-century German philosopher
1246:
On paper, Masaryk had a somewhat limited role; the framers of the constitution intended to create a parliamentary system in which the
1188:
873:, a leading Russian historian and one of the leaders of the Kadet Party, to introduce him to various members of Russian high society.
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in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile (1940–1945) and in the governments from 1945 to 1948. They had four other children: Herbert,
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2934:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. pp. 87–89, 124–128, 140–148, 184–190.
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Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries
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In 1960 the U.S. Government issued two postage stamps in honor of Tomáš Masaryk -- part of the Champion of Liberty postage issues
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1228:
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1028:, Masaryk believed that Jews had a "great influence on newspapers in all the Allied countries", and helped the nascent state of
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1422:, founded in 1919 as Czechoslovakia's second university, was named after him when it was founded; after 30 years as Univerzita
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1016:) as the basic document for the foundation of a new independent Czechoslovak state. Speaking on 26 October 1918 as head of the
1539:, one of the junctions in the city was named after him as well. Many cities in Israel named streets after his name, including
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intention of attracting the interest of those walking by. One of Masaryk's most important British friends was the journalist
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Michaláč, Jozef 2007 T.G. Masaryk a kopčianska legenda. Kde sa v skutočnosti narodil náš prvý prezident? Bratislava: Nestor.
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to convince the French government of the necessity of dismantling Austria-Hungary. He consulted with his friend professor
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in Philadelphia, Masaryk called for the independence of Czechoslovaks and the other oppressed peoples of central Europe.
747:), where the student society and senior common room are named after him. Masaryk became professor of Slavic Research at
3485:
Works by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk available online and for download from the catalogue of the Municipal Library in Prague
2735:
Wein, Martin. 2015. History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands. Leiden: Brill, pp. 40-43, including Hilsner's biography
2007:
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604:, whom he had met while a student in Leipzig, on 15 March 1878. They lived in Vienna until 1881, when they moved to
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origin who received a German education. A cook at the estate, she met Masárik and they married on 15 August 1849.
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Martin Wein, A History of Czechs and Jews: A Slavic Jerusalem. London: Routledge, 2015, specifically pp. 50-63
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1962:
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In Israel, Masaryk is considered an important figure and a national friend. A village was named after him -
1325:
on 14 September 1937. He was buried next to his wife in a plot at Lány cemetery, where later the remains of
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near Haifa, which was largely founded by Jewish immigrants from Czechoslovakia. One of the main squares in
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Masaryk resigned from office on 14 December 1935, because of old age and poor health, and was succeeded by
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1992:
1977:
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awarded to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to humanity, democracy and human rights.
1243:, but a one-time provision allowed the first president–Masaryk–to run for an unlimited number of terms.
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1932:
1797:
1486:
715:; its members were sentenced to a total of over 150 years in prison, with a number of death sentences.
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Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924
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3429:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. p. 219.
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521:, the home of his father Jozef, also claims to be his birthplace. Masaryk grew up in the village of
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1917:
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donated a statue of Masaryk to Mexico City, one of the two originals made when the statue for the
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Masaryk (b. 07 March 1850) died less than two years after leaving office, at the age of 87, in
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or the Nazi occupation of his country, and was known as the Grand (Great) Old Man of Europe.
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429:, serving from 1891 to 1893 and from 1907 to 1914. He was an advocate of restructuring the
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841:" ("The Slavs Among the Nations"), receiving what was described as a "vigorous applause".
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Masaryk was appointed professor of philosophy at the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University,
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Masaryk was born to a poor, working-class family in the predominantly Catholic city of
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is named after Masaryk. Streets named Thomas Masaryk can be found in Geneva and
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1300:, Masaryk was one of the first political figures in Europe to voice concern.
759:, concerning to independence of the Czechoslovak state, here in January 1917.
106:
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Zumr, Joseph. 1998. "Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue (1850–1937)". pp. 165–66 in the
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Masaryk travelled to the United States in 1918, where he convinced President
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3049:"Thomas Garriue Masaryk – Public Art and Architecture from Around the World"
2499:, trans. by Paul, Eden and Cedar, 2 vols. (London: Allen & Unwin, 1919)
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Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation
2547:
2544:, a group of philosophers and psychologists who studied with Franz Brentano
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1524:
1475:. A plaque with a portrait of Masaryk is on the wall of a hotel in Rakhiv,
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2824:"The feminist legacy of Charlotte and Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk • mujRozhlas"
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Masaryk and his daughter, Olga, returning from exile on 21 December 1918
762:
During World War I and afterwards, Masaryk supported the unification of
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2174:("Conversations with T.G.M."), which were later collected as Masaryk's
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625:, a magazine devoted to Czech culture and science, the following year.
335:
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Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914–1948
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Der Selbstmord als soziale Massenerscheinung der modernen Civilisation
576:. He received his Ph.D. from the university in 1876 and completed his
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London: Routledge, 2015, 40-65 specifically on T.G. Masaryk and Jews
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too. At the Chicago meeting on 8 October 1918, Chicago industrialist
545:
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1239:. Normally, a president was limited to two consecutive terms by the
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of the righteousness of his cause. On 5 May 1918, over 150,000
2706:
2497:
The Spirit of Russia: Studies in History, Literature and Philosophy
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1489:(President Masaryk Avenue) is a main thoroughfare in the exclusive
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in 1878, and took her family name as his middle name. They met in
2098:
Motto "Fear not, and steal not" at a demonstration in Prague, 2011
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Masaryk formed a good connection with Russian supreme commanders,
457:, travelled to the United States to obtain support from President
380:(7 March 1850 – 14 September 1937) was a
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He received awards and decorations before and after World War I.
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and others. A Masaryk forest was planted in the Western Galilee.
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2602:, tr. Michael Henry Heim. North Haven, CT: Catbird Press, p. 77.
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Die philosophischen und sociologischen Grundlagen des Marxismus
2119:
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1296:), organized with Masaryk Academy of Labour. After the rise of
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to which he was strongly opposed. He also contested the Jewish
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3195:
Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima
629:, edited by Jan Otto, was first published on 15 October 1883.
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age, and was succeeded by Beneš. He retired to the village of
1536:
1412:
of Czechoslovakia, Masaryk is revered by Czechs and Slovaks.
732:
549:
469:, which proclaimed the independence of a Czechoslovak state.
3271:
Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (2006).
2194:, Germany, and became engaged in 1877. Garrigue was born in
1858:
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
1250:
and cabinet held actual power. However, a complex system of
423:. He began his political career as a deputy of the Austrian
3453:
Walzel, Vladimir S.; Polak, Frantisek; Solar, Jiri (1960).
2668:. Copenhagen: Danish school of education. pp. 749–59.
1505:
was being prepared for the 150th anniversary of his birth.
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political activist and philosopher who served as the first
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Plan of the City Center, Genf 2000 (Thomas Masaryk Chemin)
751:, lecturing on the problem of small nations. Supported by
586:
Suicide as a Social Mass Phenomenon of Modern Civilization
449:
during the war. In 1918, Masaryk, along with his protégés
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Masaryk visited France, Belgium, England, Egypt and the
588:), there in 1879. From 1876 to 1879, Masaryk studied in
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Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovak Revolutionary Medal (1919)
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are named Masarykova ulica, and a main thoroughfare in
1258:
He used his authority in Czechoslovakia to create the
755:
T. G. Masaryk wrote the first memorandum to president
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)
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Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)
4435:
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1891–1897)
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1512:, founded by Slovaks and Czechs, is named after him.
980:) created with the help of Masaryk American friends (
3470:
Wiskemann, Elizabeth. "Masaryk and Czechoslovakia,"
3277:. Central European University Press. pp. 306–.
2911:
2899:
2830:
2741:
2148:
The Problems of Small Nations in the European Crisis
1619:
List of awards and honours received by Tomáš Masaryk
3977:
Statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (Washington, D.C.)
3098:
1148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
788:
472:With the fall of Austria-Hungary in late 1918, the
2650:Čapek, Karel. 1995 . Talks with T.G. Masaryk, tr.
1351:Grave of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and his family in
781:. Masaryk's progressive ideas strongly influenced
657:Masaryk challenged the validity of the epic poems
3463:A History of Czechs and Jews: A Slavic Jerusalem.
3457:. Research and Studies Center of CFTUF, New York.
3264:
3079:Prague.eu The Official Tourist Website for Prague
1703:Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovak Victory Medal (1922)
4391:
4087:
3452:
948:, W. Phillips, Polk, Long, Lane, D. F. Houston,
3474:(Dec 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 12, pp 844–851 online
2237:and by his wife Charlotte, who was raised as a
2102:Masaryk's motto was "Fear not, and steal not" (
536:His father, Jozef Masárik, was Slovak, born in
3917:Bust of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (San Francisco)
3302:
2666:Mathematics in T. G. Masaryk journal Athenaeum
1651:Austria-Hungary: Military Jubilee Cross (1908)
1640:Austria-Hungary: Jubilee Military Medal (1898)
16:Founding father of Czechoslovakia (1850–1937)
4073:
3573:
3211:(in Czech). vyznamenani.net. 18 December 2012
4505:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
1426:v Brně, it was renamed for Masaryk in 1990.
889:he proceeded to Russia to help organize the
741:School of Slavonic and East European Studies
667:and presenting a false, nationalistic Czech
60:14 November 1918 – 14 December 1935
3603:Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora
2633:
2631:
2206:, was a Czechoslovak ambassador in London,
2142:He wrote several books in Czech, including
1227:Masaryk was re-elected three times: in May
1035:
485:and died two years later at the age of 87.
4080:
4066:
3580:
3566:
3443:
3391:
3197:. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 369.
2881:
2857:
2617:(in Czech), Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR
2023:Military Order of Saint James of the Sword
31:
3209:"Řády a vyznamenání prezidentů republiky"
2863:
2614:Brno, Studium na gymnáziu, návštěvy města
1208:Learn how and when to remove this message
1079:Masaryk at Prague Old Town Square in 1932
1052:Portrait of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1919.
419:and was a professor of philosophy at the
392:from 1918 to 1935. He is regarded as the
175:9 April 1891 – 25 September 1893
154:17 June 1907 – 25 September 1917
3972:Statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Prague
3897:Death and state funeral of Tomáš Masaryk
3679:Czechoslovak declaration of independence
3312:Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1927
2628:
2093:
1888:Commemorative Cross of the 1916–1918 War
1514:
1373:
1360:
1346:
1317:Death and state funeral of Tomáš Masaryk
1074:
1055:
1047:
1039:
978:Czechoslovak declaration of independence
803:
792:
638:
568:from 1865 to 1872, Masaryk attended the
3792:1934 Czechoslovak presidential election
3767:1927 Czechoslovak presidential election
3732:1920 Czechoslovak presidential election
3702:1918 Czechoslovak presidential election
3628:1911 Cisleithanian legislative election
3623:1907 Cisleithanian legislative election
3512:Newspaper clippings about Tomáš Masaryk
3424:
3351:
3242:
2966:
2929:
2869:
2782:
2654:. North Haven, CT: Catbird Press, p. 33
415:), Masaryk obtained a doctorate at the
4415:People from the Margraviate of Moravia
4392:
3448:. New York. Doubleday, Doran & Co.
3372:
3192:
3016:
3004:
2917:
2905:
2845:
2807:
2752:
2641:, ed. Edward Craig. London: Routledge.
1535:(he had visited the city in 1927). In
1032:during its struggle for independence.
660:Rukopisy královedvorský a zelenohorský
4061:
3697:History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)
3561:
3377:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3099:Blackstone, Lillian (23 March 1952).
2688:
2663:
2570:
2406:
2403:
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2259:
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1612:
777:causes, being influenced by his wife
465:. Their negotiations resulted in the
290:
4495:Academic staff of Charles University
4265:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
3308:
3252:(in Czech). rozhlas.cz. 7 March 2015
3201:
2893:
2639:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2592:
2231:Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
1146:adding citations to reliable sources
1117:
1082:
4485:Czechoslovak independence activists
3455:T. G. Masaryk – Champion of Liberty
3062:http://www.mzv.cz/public/60/43/b3/1
2198:to a Protestant family with French
2162:; 1925) translated into English as
1753:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1626:
1310:
294:
13:
4500:Academics of King's College London
4450:Czechoslovak people of World War I
3075:"Statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk"
2808:Sistek, Frantisek (January 2019).
2766:"Србија некада мамила као Америка"
2110:). A philosopher and an outspoken
2008:Order of the White Rose of Finland
1707:
1266:as a symbol of Czech nationalism.
853:). Voska and his network, who (as
421:Czech Charles-Ferdinand University
14:
4516:
3777:František Udržal's Second Cabinet
3587:
3478:
3338:President Masaryk Tells His Story
3336:. Prague. (English translations:
2527:, tr. H. W. Steed, London, 1927;
1783:Order of St Michael and St George
1403:
663:, supposedly dating to the early
653:where Masaryk studied philosophy.
3772:František Udržal's First Cabinet
3727:Vlastimil Tusar's Second Cabinet
3642:
3636:
3162:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
3138:"KKL Czech Presidents' Birthday"
2181:
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2014:
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1336:Masaryk did not live to see the
1122:
1086:
789:Czechoslovak Legion and US visit
363:
4425:Czech Realist Party politicians
4227:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
3962:Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
3752:Antonín Švehla's Second Cabinet
3722:Vlastimil Tusar's First Cabinet
3503:Works by or about Tomáš Masaryk
3250:"Masarykův vztah k náboženství"
3232:
3223:
3186:
3164:. Springer. 2003. p. 147.
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2758:
2572:[ˈtomaːʒˈɡarɪkˈmasarɪk]
2414:
2038:Order of the Cross of the Eagle
1434:Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
1133:needs additional citations for
286:
3762:Antonín Švehla's Third Cabinet
3747:Antonín Švehla's First Cabinet
3392:Popplewell, Richard J (1995).
3170:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1842
2729:
2682:
2657:
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2583:
2561:
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785:of Czechoslovak Independence.
476:received recognition from the
1:
4420:Young Czech Party politicians
3845:Foundations of Concrete Logic
3787:Jan Malypetr's Second Cabinet
3669:Czechoslovak National Council
3444:Voska, E.V; Irwin, W (1940).
2695:American Journal of Sociology
2554:
2439:Versuch einer concreten Logik
2426:Foundations of Concrete logic
2089:
2053:Order of the Spanish Republic
1963:Order of the Netherlands Lion
1436:, established in 1990, is an
1432:The Czechoslovak, then Czech
800:: Grave of parents of Masaryk
699:and from 1907 to 1914 in the
686:
488:
437:, but by the outbreak of the
4430:Presidents of Czechoslovakia
4124:Second Czechoslovak Republic
3797:Jan Malypetr's Third Cabinet
3782:Jan Malypetr's First Cabinet
2170:wrote a series of articles,
839:Les Slaves parmi les nations
632:Masaryk's students included
555:
7:
4490:University of Vienna alumni
4209:Third Czechoslovak Republic
4101:First Czechoslovak Republic
3540:President of Czechoslovakia
3516:20th Century Press Archives
3425:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
3346:Masaryk on Thought and Life
3303:Sources and further reading
2930:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
2783:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
2535:
2531:, tr. Howard Fertig, 1970.)
2068:Order of the White Elephant
1993:Order of the Cross of Vytis
1978:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
1664:Czechoslovak War Cross 1918
1252:proportional representation
811:of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk,
695:from 1891 to 1893 with the
474:First Czechoslovak Republic
445:, which fought against the
390:president of Czechoslovakia
48:President of Czechoslovakia
10:
4521:
3932:Masaryk Democratic Academy
3912:Avenida Presidente Masaryk
3757:Jan Černý's Second Cabinet
3707:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
2422:Základové konkretné logiky
2227:Reformed Church in Austria
2118:, he emphasised practical
1933:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1616:
1487:Avenida Presidente Masaryk
1395:, watched by War and Peace
1314:
1277:and Masaryk University in
956:and the French ambassador
833:a speech in French at the
4281:
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3737:Jan Černý's First Cabinet
3687:
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3527:
3315:. Patna: Bharati Bhawan.
3193:Acović, Dragomir (2012).
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2221:, Masaryk later became a
1723:Order of Karađorđe's Star
745:University College London
711:during their 1909 Vienna
371:
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245:
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3967:Praha Masarykovo nádraží
3937:Masaryk Democratic Party
3498:Thomas G. Masaryk Papers
3334:Hovory s T. G. Masarykem
2137:
1918:Order of the Three Stars
1843:Order of the White Eagle
1424:Jana Evangelisty Purkyně
1387:cartoon of 1934 showing
1036:Leader of Czechoslovakia
835:Institut d'études slaves
813:Milan Rastislav Štefánik
560:After grammar school in
455:Milan Rastislav Štefánik
3873:The Slavs After the War
3712:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3373:Orzoff, Andrea (2009).
2872:, pp. 50, 221, 242
2600:Talks with T.G. Masaryk
2510:The Slavs After the War
2273:Charlotte Garrigue
2124:Johann Gottfried Herder
1721:Kingdom of Yugoslavia:
1467:and is memorialized in
1288:in 1923 and 1927. With
994:Herbert Adolphus Miller
859:Hindu–German Conspiracy
701:Czech Progressive Party
613:the Czech-language part
461:and Secretary of State
431:Austro-Hungarian Empire
259:Czech Progressive Party
3742:Edvard Beneš's Cabinet
3717:Karel Kramář's Cabinet
3101:"Into center of state"
2882:Voska & Irwin 1940
2459:
2438:
2107:
2099:
1609:, is named after him.
1520:
1497:. In 1999 the city of
1396:
1369:
1356:
1080:
1072:
1053:
1045:
968:, Samuel M. Vauclain,
820:
801:
783:Washington Declaration
691:Masaryk served in the
654:
636:and Emanuel Chalupny.
619:, in 1882. He founded
499:Margraviate of Moravia
467:Washington Declaration
378:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
4169:First Slovak Republic
2664:Lepka, Karel (2015).
2598:Čapek, Karel. 1995 .
2525:The Making of a State
2214:, Eleanor, and Olga.
2164:The Making of a State
2097:
1948:Order of Muhammad Ali
1903:Order of the Redeemer
1828:Order of the Elephant
1518:
1377:
1364:
1350:
1286:Mandate for Palestine
1078:
1059:
1051:
1043:
934:University of Chicago
830:King's College London
807:
796:
768:Kingdom of Montenegro
749:King's College London
642:
572:and was a student of
4480:Philosophy academics
4042:Father of the Nation
3957:Masaryktown, Florida
3890:Legacy and Memorials
3674:Pittsburgh Agreement
3352:Masaryk, T. (1970).
3344:, London, 1934; and
3342:M. and R. Weatherall
3309:Bose, A. C. (1971).
3105:St. Petersburg Times
2475:The Spirit of Russia
2225:; first joining the
2156:The World Revolution
1886:Kingdom of Romania:
1871:Kingdom of Romania:
1813:Order of Charles III
1525:Kibbutz Kfar Masaryk
1510:Masaryktown, Florida
1471:'s Golden Gate Park
1368:of Masaryk in Prague
1142:improve this article
958:Jean Jules Jusserand
847:Emanuel Viktor Voska
837:of the Sorbonne on "
709:Croat-Serb Coalition
648:University of Vienna
570:University of Vienna
505:(in the present-day
417:University of Vienna
341:University of Vienna
293:; died
220:Austrian Empire
4455:Czechoslovak Legion
4410:People from Hodonín
4187:Government-in-exile
4008:A Prominent Patient
3986:Cultural depictions
3852:The Social Question
3664:Czechoslovak Legion
3618:Czech Realist Party
3534:Office established
2473:). Jena, Germany. (
2467:Russland und Europa
2450:The Social Question
2235:papal infallibility
1690:Order of the Falcon
1333:were laid to rest.
1069:Mandatory Palestine
1006:Frank E. J. Warrick
964:, Vance McCormick,
891:Czechoslovak Legion
887:February Revolution
883:Robert Seton-Watson
773:Masaryk championed
737:Czechoslovak Legion
529:, before moving to
509:, then part of the
443:Czechoslovak Legion
4470:Czech philosophers
4465:Czech sociologists
4047:School of Brentano
3952:Masaryk University
3942:Masaryk Grand Prix
3902:Awards and honours
3813:Charlotte Garrigue
3528:Political offices
3490:2017-02-22 at the
3446:Spy and Counterspy
3160:"(1841) Masaryk".
2980:. pp. 4, 10.
2689:Skola, J. (1922).
2652:Michael Henry Heim
2542:School of Brentano
2217:Born and raised a
2188:Charlotte Garrigue
2144:The Czech Question
2108:Nebát se a nekrást
2100:
2051:Spanish Republic:
1946:Kingdom of Egypt:
1751:Kingdom of Italy:
1613:Honours and awards
1521:
1416:Masaryk University
1397:
1370:
1357:
1098:. You can help by
1081:
1073:
1054:
1046:
1018:Mid-European Union
998:Charles W. Nichols
954:Harry Pratt Judson
946:Ray Stannard Baker
821:
802:
779:Charlotte Garrigue
655:
617:Charles University
602:Charlotte Garrigue
411:(then part of the
275:Charlotte Garrigue
122:Office established
4475:Czech Protestants
4387:
4386:
4240:Antonín Zápotocký
4203:
4202:
4142:German occupation
4055:
4054:
4032:Czechoslovak myth
3859:Russia and Europe
3608:Young Czech Party
3556:
3555:
3547:Succeeded by
3436:978-80-87173-47-3
3405:978-0-7146-4580-3
3384:978-0-19-536781-2
3358:. Howard Fertig.
3355:Making of a State
3284:978-963-7326-39-4
3179:978-3-540-29925-7
2987:978-1-137-31747-6
2956:Table of Contents
2941:978-80-87173-47-3
2826:. 30 August 2021.
2794:978-80-87173-47-3
2737:Table of Contents
2691:"Czech Sociology"
2675:978-87-7684-737-1
2529:Making of a State
2471:Russia and Europe
2462:), Vienna, 1899).
2441:), Vienna, 1887).
2412:
2411:
1931:Empire of Japan:
1508:The community of
1493:neighbourhood of
1401:
1400:
1241:1920 constitution
1218:
1217:
1210:
1192:
1116:
1115:
920:, from May 1917.
914:Mikhail Diterikhs
902:Mikhail Alekseyev
764:Kingdom of Serbia
697:Young Czech Party
503:Moravian Slovakia
375:
374:
229:14 September 1937
142:House of Deputies
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4235:Klement Gottwald
4147:
4146:
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4058:
3880:World Revolution
3828:Alice Masaryková
3646:
3640:
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3558:
3525:
3524:
3507:Internet Archive
3458:
3449:
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3417:
3412:on 26 March 2009
3408:. Archived from
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2565:
2521:World revolution
2517:Světová revoluce
2485:, London, 1919).
2457:
2433:
2249:
2248:
2208:foreign minister
2186:Masaryk married
2160:Svĕtová revoluce
2080:
2078:
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1873:Order of Carol I
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1798:Order of Leopold
1795:
1793:
1792:
1781:United Kingdom:
1780:
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1738:Légion d'honneur
1735:
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1639:
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1636:
1627:National honours
1605:, discovered by
1461:Midway Plaisance
1457:Washington, D.C.
1447:, Masaryk has a
1343:
1342:
1338:Munich Agreement
1331:Alice Masaryková
1311:Death and legacy
1213:
1206:
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1010:George W. Stearn
1002:Robert M. Calfee
992:, Edward House,
990:Franklin K. Lane
966:Edward N. Hurley
938:Charles R. Crane
910:Nikolay Dukhonin
906:Aleksei Brusilov
895:Battle of Zborov
675:during the 1899
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4001:Murder in Polná
3981:
3927:Masaryk Circuit
3885:
3832:
3823:Herbert Masaryk
3801:
3683:
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3632:
3591:
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3552:
3543:
3492:Wayback Machine
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2092:
2083:Order of Boyacá
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2015:
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3866:The New Europe
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2011:
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1607:Luboš Kohoutek
1533:Masaryk Square
1405:
1404:Commemorations
1402:
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1384:Kladderadatsch
1371:
1358:
1315:Main article:
1312:
1309:
1290:Herbert Hoover
1248:prime minister
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1198:September 2019
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1030:Czechoslovakia
1014:Jaroslav Císař
986:Gutzon Borglum
982:Louis Brandeis
962:Bernard Baruch
942:Robert Lansing
925:Woodrow Wilson
871:Pavel Miliukov
851:G. W. Williams
790:
787:
753:Norman Hapgood
725:Russian Empire
705:Hinko Hinković
688:
685:
598:Edmund Husserl
574:Franz Brentano
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507:Czech Republic
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3589:Tomáš Masaryk
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3472:History Today
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3398:. Routledge.
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3367:
3365:0-685-09575-4
3361:
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3335:
3332:. (1931–35).
3331:
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3322:81-7211-123-1
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2926:
2920:, p. 43.
2919:
2914:
2908:, p. 41.
2907:
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2896:, p. 233
2895:
2890:
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2878:
2871:
2866:
2860:, p. 237
2859:
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2848:, p. 44.
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2761:
2755:, p. 30.
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2182:Personal life
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2176:autobiography
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1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1503:Prague Castle
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:San Francisco
1466:
1462:
1459:, and in the
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:Oskar Garvens
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:United States
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1209:
1201:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159: –
1158:
1154:
1153:Find sources:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:This article
1129:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1094:This section
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:Samuel Insull
971:
970:Colonel House
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:Wickham Steed
874:
872:
868:
864:
863:San Francisco
860:
856:
852:
848:
842:
840:
836:
831:
825:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
795:
786:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:(now part of
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:United States
726:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
680:
678:
677:Hilsner trial
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
635:
630:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
600:. He married
599:
595:
594:Wilhelm Wundt
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
527:South Moravia
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
486:
484:
479:
478:Allied powers
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:federal state
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
337:
333:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:5, including
307:
303:
276:
271:
267:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
248:
244:
241:
237:
228:
224:
221:
217:
203:Tomáš Masaryk
201:
197:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
172:
167:
164:
161:
157:
151:
146:
143:
138:
135:
132:
126:
123:
120:
114:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
69:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Tomáš Masaryk
22:
19:
4273:Václav Havel
4255:Gustáv Husák
4217:Edvard Beneš
4195:Edvard Beneš
4151:Protectorate
4114:Edvard Beneš
4108:
4037:Edvard Beneš
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3922:Kfar Masaryk
3907:1841 Masaryk
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3588:
3550:Edvard Beneš
3538:
3533:
3471:
3462:
3454:
3445:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:the original
3394:
3374:
3354:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3330:Čapek, Karel
3311:
3288:. Retrieved
3273:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3244:
3234:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3203:
3194:
3188:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3132:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3107:. p. 19
3104:
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:
3069:
3057:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2993:accusations.
2991:
2976:. New York:
2972:
2968:Láníček, Jan
2962:
2950:
2931:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2870:Masaryk 1970
2865:
2853:
2818:
2803:
2784:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2731:
2701:(1): 76–78.
2698:
2694:
2684:
2665:
2659:
2646:
2638:
2619:, retrieved
2613:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2563:
2548:1841 Masaryk
2528:
2524:
2523:). Prague. (
2520:
2516:
2509:
2496:
2489:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2452:). Prague. (
2449:
2445:
2428:). Prague. (
2425:
2421:
2415:Bibliography
2216:
2185:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:(1917), and
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2101:
1622:
1603:1841 Masaryk
1600:
1557:
1545:Petach Tikva
1522:
1507:
1485:
1442:
1431:
1428:
1414:
1407:
1382:
1335:
1320:
1305:Edvard Beneš
1302:
1298:Adolf Hitler
1283:
1268:
1257:
1245:
1226:
1219:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1152:
1140:Please help
1135:verification
1132:
1104:
1100:adding to it
1095:
1022:
922:
899:
875:
843:
838:
834:
826:
822:
817:Edvard Beneš
772:
761:
717:
690:
681:
658:
656:
634:Edward Benes
631:
626:
620:
610:
585:
581:
578:habilitation
559:
535:
492:
471:
451:Edvard Beneš
424:
402:
382:Czechoslovak
377:
376:
343:(PhD, 1876;
231:(1937-09-14)
213:7 March 1850
180:Constituency
170:
159:Constituency
149:
134:Edvard Beneš
129:Succeeded by
121:
102:Jan Malypetr
88:Edvard Beneš
74:Karel Kramář
55:
18:
4405:1937 deaths
4400:1850 births
3818:Jan Masaryk
3652:World War I
3494:(in Czech).
3017:Orzoff 2009
3005:Orzoff 2009
2918:Orzoff 2009
2906:Orzoff 2009
2846:Orzoff 2009
2753:Orzoff 2009
2245:Family tree
2168:Karel Čapek
2112:rationalist
1991:Lithuania:
1558:Streets in
1495:Mexico City
1483:, Ukraine.
1473:rose garden
1453:Embassy Row
1327:Jan Masaryk
1026:Jan Láníček
849:(including
809:Triumvirate
720:World War I
707:defend the
673:blood libel
665:Middle Ages
517:village of
386:progressive
384:statesman,
355:Philosopher
325: [
261:(1900–1918)
255:(1890–1893)
253:Young Czech
218:, Moravia,
117:Preceded by
107:Milan Hodža
4394:Categories
4177:Jozef Tiso
4159:Emil Hácha
4132:Emil Hácha
4089:Presidents
3596:Early life
3544:1918–1935
3416:18 January
3239:Praha 1993
3111:1 November
2555:References
2483:Cedar Paul
2223:Protestant
2090:Philosophy
2081:Colombia:
2021:Portugal:
1976:Holy See:
1168:newspapers
1012:and Czech
929:Chicagoans
687:Politician
669:chauvinism
533:to study.
489:Early life
352:Profession
345:Dr. habil.
336:Alma mater
209:1850-03-07
4282:Elections
3689:President
2894:Bose 1971
2715:0002-9602
2512:, London.
2492:, London.
2455:‹See Tfd›
2431:‹See Tfd›
2239:Unitarian
2200:Huguenots
2036:Estonia:
2006:Finland:
1856:Austria:
1826:Denmark:
1796:Belgium:
1766:Tunisia:
1601:Asteroid
1596:Bucharest
1592:Ljubljana
1584:Smederevo
1568:Dubrovnik
1541:Jerusalem
1393:Titulescu
1107:June 2012
1065:Beit Alfa
1060:Visiting
944:this was
798:Hustopeče
718:When the
693:Reichsrat
627:Athenaeum
622:Athenaeum
556:Education
523:Čejkovice
426:Reichsrat
360:Signature
171:In office
150:In office
84:Jan Černý
56:In office
4025:See also
3994:Betrayer
3488:Archived
3290:7 August
2978:Springer
2970:(2013).
2536:See also
2502:Vol. 1,
2458:German:
2219:Catholic
2196:Brooklyn
2166:(1927).
2150:(1915),
2146:(1895),
2116:humanist
1916:Latvia:
1901:Greece:
1841:Poland:
1736:France:
1580:Novi Sad
1576:Varaždin
1564:Belgrade
1553:Nahariya
1529:Tel Aviv
1481:Uzhhorod
1463:park in
1445:Slovakia
1355:cemetery
855:Habsburg
775:feminist
651:building
580:thesis,
546:Moravian
542:Slovakia
403:Born in
305:Children
3518:of the
3514:in the
3505:at the
3256:18 July
3084:17 June
2723:2764647
2621:2 March
2515:(1925)
2508:(1922)
2505:Vol. 2.
2495:(1919)
2488:(1918)
2465:(1913)
2444:(1898)
2420:(1885)
2399:Eleanor
2386:Herbert
2192:Leipzig
2132:Marxism
1811:Spain:
1572:Daruvar
1549:Netanya
1491:Polanco
1477:Ukraine
1465:Chicago
1408:As the
1389:Barthou
1264:Jan Hus
1222:elected
1182:scholar
1062:kibbutz
918:Mogilev
646:of the
644:Portico
590:Leipzig
538:Kopčany
519:Kopčany
495:Hodonín
433:into a
409:Moravia
405:Hodonín
347:, 1879)
314:Herbert
299:
283:
279:
216:Hodonín
184:Bohemia
163:Moravia
3806:Family
3659:Maffia
3433:
3402:
3381:
3362:
3340:, tr.
3319:
3281:
3215:24 May
3176:
2984:
2938:
2791:
2721:
2713:
2672:
2568:Czech:
2477:, tr.
2435:German
2120:ethics
2085:(1937)
2079:
2070:(1935)
2066:Siam:
2064:
2055:(1935)
2049:
2040:(1931)
2034:
2025:(1930)
2019:
2010:(1930)
2004:
1995:(1930)
1989:
1980:(1929)
1974:
1965:(1929)
1959:
1950:(1928)
1944:
1935:(1928)
1929:
1920:(1927)
1914:
1905:(1927)
1899:
1890:(1927)
1884:
1875:(1927)
1869:
1860:(1926)
1854:
1845:(1925)
1839:
1830:(1925)
1824:
1815:(1924)
1809:
1800:(1923)
1794:
1785:(1923)
1779:
1770:(1923)
1764:
1755:(1921)
1749:
1740:(1921)
1734:
1725:(1920)
1719:
1701:
1692:(1919)
1686:
1675:
1666:(1919)
1660:
1649:
1638:
1560:Zagreb
1499:Prague
1449:statue
1438:honour
1366:Statue
1271:Prague
1235:, and
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1071:, 1924
960:. And
867:France
815:, and
757:Wilson
727:, the
606:Prague
566:Vienna
550:Slavic
515:Slovak
289:
269:Spouse
3837:Books
2719:JSTOR
2379:Alice
2212:Alice
2138:Books
2104:Czech
1588:Split
1537:Haifa
1189:JSTOR
1175:books
916:, in
733:Japan
592:with
525:, in
501:, in
329:]
310:Alice
297:)
285:(
281:
4379:1992
4374:1990
4369:1989
4364:1985
4359:1980
4354:1975
4349:1973
4344:1968
4339:1964
4334:1957
4329:1953
4324:1948
4319:1946
4314:1938
4309:1935
4304:1934
4299:1927
4294:1920
4289:1918
3431:ISBN
3418:2008
3400:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3317:ISBN
3292:2013
3279:ISBN
3258:2016
3217:2021
3174:ISBN
3113:2015
3086:2022
2982:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2789:ISBN
2711:ISSN
2670:ISBN
2623:2019
2481:and
2479:Eden
2404:Olga
2130:and
2114:and
1586:and
1420:Brno
1353:Lány
1329:and
1323:Lány
1279:Brno
1275:1918
1260:Hrad
1237:1934
1233:1927
1229:1920
1161:news
912:and
766:and
731:and
596:and
564:and
562:Brno
531:Brno
483:Lány
453:and
322:Olga
320:and
295:1923
291:1878
236:Lány
226:Died
199:Born
4091:of
3520:ZBW
3166:doi
2703:doi
2393:Jan
2204:Jan
1531:is
1455:in
1451:on
1418:in
1273:in
1144:by
1102:.
861:in
615:of
548:of
396:of
318:Jan
4396::
3172:.
3103:.
3077:.
2990:.
2832:^
2768:.
2743:^
2717:.
2709:.
2699:28
2697:.
2693:.
2630:^
2437::
2241:.
2178:.
2134:.
2106::
1598:.
1582:,
1578:,
1574:,
1570:,
1566:,
1562:,
1551:,
1547:,
1543:,
1381:,
1307:.
1281:.
1231:,
1067:,
1008:,
1004:,
1000:,
996:,
988:,
952:,
908:,
904:,
770:.
679:.
608:.
540:,
497:,
407:,
400:.
327:cs
316:,
312:,
287:m.
238:,
4081:e
4074:t
4067:v
3581:e
3574:t
3567:v
3439:.
3420:.
3387:.
3368:.
3325:.
3294:.
3260:.
3219:.
3182:.
3168::
3140:.
3115:.
3088:.
3051:.
2944:.
2812:.
2797:.
2772:.
2725:.
2705::
2678:.
2519:(
2469:(
2448:(
2424:(
2158:(
1211:)
1205:(
1200:)
1196:(
1186:·
1179:·
1172:·
1165:·
1138:.
1109:)
1105:(
819:.
584:(
211:)
207:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
