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504:, immortalized in an engraved broadsheet of 1729 bearing an illustration with an enthusiastic verse encomium by its dedicated parish clerk and topiarist. formerly shaped as an obelisk on square plinth topped with a ten-foot ball surmounted by a cockerel, the Harlington Yew survives today, untonsured for the last two centuries.
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fashion was established for more complicated topiary designs; this Franco-Dutch garden style spread to
England after 1660, but by 1708-09 one searches in vain for fanciful topiary among the clipped hedges and edgings, and the standing cones and obelisks of the aristocratic and gentry English parterre gardens in Kip and Knyff's
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helped bring this new medium into being - wishing to recreate his cartoon characters throughout his theme park in the form of landscape shrubbery. This style of topiary is based on a suitably shaped steel wire frame through which the plants eventually extend as they grow. The frame, which remains as
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and its imitators was never complicated: low hedges punctuated by potted trees trimmed as balls on standards, interrupted by obelisks at corners, provided the vertical features of flat-patterned parterre gardens. Sculptural forms were provided by stone and lead sculptures. In
Holland, however, the
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500:' gardens, where a single example of traditional forms, a ball, a tree trimmed to a cone in several cleanly separated tiers, meticulously clipped and perhaps topped with a topiary peacock, might be passed on as an heirloom. Such an heirloom, but on heroic scale, was the ancient churchward yew of
600:, Kent, around 1906, the moat surrounding the house precluded the addition of wings for servants, guests and the servants of guests that the Astor manner required. He accordingly built an authentically styled Tudor village to accommodate the overflow, with an "Old English Garden" including
540:, Derbyshire, which opened to public viewing in the 1850s and created a sensation: "within a few years architectural topiary was springing up all over the country (it took another 25 years before sculptural topiary began to become popular as well)". The following generation, represented by
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in the late 1930s. Located approximately halfway between the north
Baltimore suburbs and the southern Pennsylvania border. Ladew's most famous topiary is a hunt, horses, riders, dogs and the fox, clearing a well-clipped hedge, the most famous single piece of classical topiary in North
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have been practised with equal rigor, but for different reasons. The goal is to achieve an artful expression of the "natural" form of venerably aged pines, given character by the forces of wind and weather. Their most concentrated expressions are in the related arts of
Chinese
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a permanent trimming guide, may be either stuffed with sphagnum moss and then planted, or placed around shrubbery. The sculpture slowly transforms into a permanent topiary as the plants fill in the frame. This style has led to imaginative displays and festivals throughout the
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species). Shaped wire cages are sometimes employed in modern topiary to guide untutored shears, but traditional topiary depends on patience and a steady hand; small-leaved ivy can be used to cover a cage and give the look of topiary in a few months. The
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in the 1840s was the first garden writer to express a sense of loss due to the topiary that had been removed from
English gardens. The art of topiary, with enclosed garden "rooms", burst upon the English gardening public with the mature examples at
398:"so apt that no other can be like unto it, to be cut, lead, and drawn into what forme one will, either of beasts, birds, or men armed or otherwise." Evergreens have usually been the first choice for Early Modern topiary, however, with
676:. This topiary mimics the style of living versions and is often used to supply indoor greenery for home or office decoration. Patents are issued for the style, design, and construction methodology of different types of topiary trees.
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Your gardener can frame your lesser wood to the shape of men armed in the field, ready to give battell: or swift-running Grey
Houndes to chase the Deere, or hunt the Hare. This kind of hunting shall not wate your corne, nor much your
612:, where topiary was one of the elements of a "Cotswold" house-and-garden style soon naturalised among upper-class Americans at home. Topiary, which had featured in very few 18th-century American gardens, came into favour with the
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It may be true, as I believe it is, that the natural form of a tree is the most beautiful possible for that tree, but it may happen that we do not want the most beautiful form, but one of our own designing, and expressive of our
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1469:"Poet Iohn Saxy upon his Yew-Tree Novr 1729", broadsheet, 1729 reissued 1770 (British Library); the print was the gift of Dorothea, Lady Banks, the wife of the eminent botanist Sir [[Joseph Banks
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to develop and maintain clearly defined shapes, whether geometric or fanciful. The term also refers to plants which have been shaped in this way. As an art form it is a type of
390:, pyramids, cones, or tiered plates and tapering spirals. Representational forms depicting people, animals, and man-made objects have also been popular. The royal botanist
1023:(Gloucestershire, England) A late 16th-early 17th century terraced garden on a hillside, reordered in the 1720s, with "dark, secret rooms of yew" (Vita Sackville-West).
589:, Cheshire, the garden went from being an Italian garden to being a Dutch garden without any change actually taking place on the ground," Brent Elliot noted in 2000.
1124:, Netherlands is a private modern Japanese Zen (karesansui, dry rock) garden that makes extensive use of so-called O-karikomi combined with Hako-zukuri (see above).
1267:(1997) was George Mendonça, the topiarist at Green Animals for more than seventy years: "it's just cut and wait, cut and wait" Mendonça says in a filmed sequence.
134:, produce dense foliage, and have compact and/or columnar (e.g., fastigiate) growth habits. Common species chosen for topiary include cultivars of European box (
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swept the
English garden clean of its hedges, mazes, and topiary. Although topiary fell from grace in aristocratic gardens, it continued to be featured in
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978:(which were recreated in the 1980s). Levens Hall is recognised by the Guinness Book of Records as having the oldest Topiary garden in the world.
1029:(East Sussex, England): Laid out by Nathaniel Lloyd, the author of a book on topiary, and preserved and extended by his son, the garden-writer
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and Edwin
Lutyens in a fruitful partnership. The new gardening vocabulary incorporating topiary required little expensive restructuring: "At
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Adam and Eve in yew; Adam a little shattered by the fall of the tree of knowledge in the great storm; Eve and the serpent very flourishing.
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is closest to the
European art: the cloud-like forms of clipped growth are designed to be best appreciated after a fall of snow.
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A premier topiary garden started in the late 17th century by M. Beaumont, a French gardener who laid out the gardens of
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Busch
Gardens Tampa, established 1959. 365 acre property featuring large, colorful and detailed sphagnum topiary.
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1613:: Sileno overo Delle Bellezze del Luogo dell'Ill.mo Sig. Co. Gio. Giacomo Giusti, 1620 Angelo Tamo, Verona *
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573:(1867–1933), who had retired in middle age and taken up architectural design with the encouragement of Sir
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In England topiary was all but killed as a fashion by the famous satiric essay on "Verdant Sculpture" that
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Traditional topiary forms use foliage pruned and/or trained into geometric shapes such as balls or cubes,
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Simple upright topiary shapes punctuate the patterned parterres of Heidelberg ca 1590, in this view by
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topiary formulas taken up in an early 20th-century elite English garden in a historic house setting
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1617:: Il Paradiso de' Fiori overo Lo archetipo de' Giardini, 1622 Angelo Tamo, Verona * Paolo Villa:
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This article is about the practice of training plants. For the planned Shane Carruth film, see
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or "places", a Greek word that Romans also applied to fictive indoor landscapes executed in
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Several informal designs including a line of elephants at Nellie's cottage and a guitar.
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Cloud-pruning only distantly related to natural forms in Hallyeo Haesang National Park,
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hedges and free-standing topiary. In the preceding decade, expatriate Americans led by
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Brent Elliott, "Historical Revivalism in the Twentieth Century: A Brief Introduction"
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All seasons close-up of the Tsubo-en (Netherlands) O-karikomi, hako-zukuri topiary.
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Coombs, Duncan; Blackburne-Maze, Peter; Cracknell, Martyn; Bentley, Roger (2001),
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describes in a letter the elaborate figures of animals, inscriptions, cyphers and
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in clipped greens at his Tuscan villa (Epistle v.6, to Apollinaris). Within the
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1487:.1, "Reviewing the Twentieth-Century Landscape" (Summer 2000:17-31) p. 19.
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common in 17th-century topiary, forms the second part of Miles Hadfield,
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A topiary garden in Maryland established by award-winning topiary artist
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is a simple form of topiary used to create boundaries, walls or screens.
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The revival of topiary in English gardening parallels the revived "
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Artificial topiary is another offshoot similar to the concept of
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140-year-old topiary garden of native white pine and arborvitae.
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A large topiary garden (10 000 m) with over 250 figures.
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Topiary and Ornamental Hedges: Their history and cultivation
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A list of common subjects, including the now rarely used
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Topiary at Railton, Town of Topiary, Tasmania, Australia
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of gardens of the European elite, as well as in simple
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Il Paradiso de' Fiori overo Lo archetipo de' Giardini
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A real-life topiary artist is one of the subjects of
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that biofilter air are offshoots of this technology.
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657:) worldwide includes the impressive display at the
661:in China. Living corporate logos along roadsides,
636:American portable style topiary was introduced to
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1232:Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
986:(Devon, England) An example of topiary lettering.
2006:
1511:Decorative display - US Patent 6237882 Full Text
333:(shrubs clipped into boxes and straight lines).
293:The clipping and shaping of shrubs and trees in
16:Horticulture practice to shape trees and shrubs
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482:, by its being forgot a week in rainy weather.
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567:Topiary: Garden Craftsmanship in Yew and Box
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1666:. London: Adam & Charles Black, 1971.
1585:"Leisure Valley - TOPIARY PARK, Sector 35"
1089:Castello Balduino (Montalto Pavese, Italy)
488:In the 1720s and 1730s, the generation of
325:, dry rock gardens) make extensive use of
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577:. Lloyd's own timber-framed manor house,
561:revival of topiary among roses and mixed
1210:Columbus Topiary Park at Old Deaf School
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1442:Noted in Charles Curtis and W. Gibson,
1261:One of the subjects of the documentary
443:published in the short-lived newspaper
2007:
1522:US Patent 6237882 - Decorative display
899:that honours the forest god Umang Lai.
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1621:1993-94, pdf with maps and 200 photos
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608:created an Anglo-American society at
557:The classic statement of the British
1694:European Boxwood and Topiary Society
1535:"Landscape Gardeners Streatham SW16"
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1524:. US Patent Issued on May 29, 2001.
1136:Gardens of the Palace of Versailles
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1650:Topiary: Garden Art in Yew and Box
1634:Curtis, Charles H. and W. Gibson,
1362:Bibliography of hedges and topiary
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1318:, an overgrown topiary figure of
850:known as Railton Town of Topiary
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118:The plants used in topiary are
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1332:Fast, Cheap and Out of Control
1264:Fast, Cheap and Out of Control
882:Guinness Book of World Records
435:'s Elizabethan topiary in 1833
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1431:Topiary and Ornamental Hedges
1683:. Verona: Angelo Tamo, 1622.
1402:The Complete Book of Pruning
1204:Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
841:
616:and the grand manner of the
219:European topiary dates from
92:. The word derives from the
7:
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1311:The Children of Green Knowe
1244:Bishopville, South Carolina
1105:West Highland White Terrier
929:Parque Francisco Alvarado,
424:Decline in the 18th century
10:
2036:
1638:(reprinted, 1985 Tuttle),
1299:In the Stephen King novel
1011:(Gloucestershire, England)
963:(Buckinghamshire, England)
674:artificial Christmas trees
624:at the Governor's Palace,
507:
502:Harlington, west of London
198:
23:. For the hacktivist, see
18:
1736:
1103:): A huge sculpture of a
954:
946:Topiary Garden Cemetery,
531:" taste in architecture;
203:
1457:A New Orchard and Garden
1308:In the children's novel
1254:Portsmouth, Rhode Island
1164:Wellesley, Massachusetts
680:Notable topiary displays
647:Disney resorts and parks
614:Colonial Revival gardens
610:Broadway, Worcestershire
1107:designed by the artist
1043:Drummond Castle Gardens
984:Topsham railway station
854:
707:Bang Pa-In Royal Palace
229:and the epigram writer
96:word for an ornamental
1378:References and sources
1322:plays a sinister role.
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1045:(Perthshire, Scotland)
915:The Terrace Garden in
805:Halton, Northumberland
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406:leading other plants.
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184:species), and privet (
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1177:Ladew Topiary Gardens
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1138:outside Paris, France
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833:Dragon shaped hedge,
775:is flanked by topiary
705:Topiary elephants at
626:Colonial Williamsburg
594:William Waldorf Astor
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542:James Shirley Hibberd
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339:
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235:Gaius Matius Calvinus
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64:practice of training
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1741:Artificial waterfall
1367:History of gardening
1242:'s Topiary Garden, (
1153:Château de Hautefort
1072:Château de Villandry
1027:Great Dixter Gardens
1009:Hidcote Manor Garden
998:, (Norfolk, England)
738:Hidcote Manor Garden
659:2008 Summer Olympics
618:American Renaissance
478:hog, shot up into a
417:Britannia Illustrata
319:Japanese Zen gardens
257:of a Roman house or
47:Jacques Cartier Park
25:Topiary (hacktivist)
1636:The Book of Topiary
1549:"Railton, Tasmania"
1444:The Book of Topiary
1293:Edward Scissorhands
1229:'s famous painting
1160:Hunnewell Arboretum
1037:Much Wenlock Priory
885:. It is clipped of
860:Mosaiculture 2006 (
460:, not yet finished.
349:Renaissance topiary
277:Far Eastern topiary
237:, in the circle of
1648:Lloyd, Nathaniel.
1516:2011-06-12 at the
1277:In popular culture
1198:Topiary Garden at
1156:
1132:
1051:(Snowdonia, Wales)
1015:Knightshayes Court
969:(Cumbria, England)
820:Thiruvananthapuram
751:Topiary garden at
606:Edwin Austin Abbey
563:herbaceous borders
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271:Historia Naturalis
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137:Buxus sempervirens
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34:Topiary animal in
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1858:Herbaceous border
1662:Hadfield, Miles.
1652:(reprinted, 2006)
1573:Mosaiculture 2006
1411:978-1-84188-143-0
1181:Monkton, Maryland
1093:Guggenheim Museum
1055:Parc des Topiares
1031:Christopher Lloyd
869:Samban-Lei Sekpil
848:Railton, Tasmania
769:St Peter's Church
736:Topiary birds at
490:Charles Bridgeman
342:Jacques Fouquiere
247:Pliny the Younger
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1796:Garden buildings
1756:Borrowed scenery
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1200:Longwood Gardens
1080:(Bagnaia, Italy)
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753:Manor d'Eyrignac
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655:living sculpture
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90:living sculpture
68:by clipping the
66:perennial plants
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1954:Stepping stones
1944:Reflecting pool
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571:Nathaniel Lloyd
559:Arts and Crafts
538:Elvaston Castle
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363:cottage gardens
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226:Natural History
223:times. Pliny's
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178:species), yew (
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1615:Francesco Pona
1611:Francesco Pona
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1489:
1482:Garden History
1473:
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1446:, 1904, p. 15.
1435:
1433:(London) 1971.
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546:cottage garden
521:cottage garden
509:
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484:
483:
472:
471:by next April.
461:
458:tower of Babel
454:
441:Alexander Pope
425:
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392:John Parkinson
384:
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375:William Lawson
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213:Castelo Branco
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1591:on 2007-05-16
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1555:on 2015-11-25
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1250:Green Animals
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722:Kingston Lacy
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640:around 1962.
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584:
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575:Edwin Lutyens
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367:Barnabe Googe
364:
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343:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:cloud-pruning
311:
309:
306:and Japanese
305:
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296:
289:, South Korea
288:
283:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Roman gardens
240:
239:Julius Caesar
236:
233:both credit
232:
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62:horticultural
59:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2015:Horticulture
1989:Water garden
1973:
1841:Shell grotto
1680:
1663:
1649:
1635:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1579:
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1543:
1529:
1521:
1506:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1401:
1391:
1372:Tree shaping
1330:
1327:Errol Morris
1309:
1300:
1291:
1262:
1230:
1214:Topiary Park
1190:Harvey Ladew
1116:
1039:, Shropshire
1021:Owlpen Manor
990:Canons Ashby
933:, Costa Rica
903:Royal Palace
896:
892:
886:
880:
767:The path to
671:
667:living walls
651:mosaiculture
635:
632:20th century
598:Hever Castle
591:
579:Great Dixter
566:
556:
551:
526:
517:Beckley Park
494:William Kent
487:
445:The Guardian
444:
438:
415:
408:
385:
352:
330:
326:
322:
312:
292:
270:
266:
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224:
218:
185:
179:
173:
167:
159:
151:
141:
135:
117:
108:
104:
57:
56:
1899:Moon bridge
1811:Garden room
1801:Garden pond
1302:The Shining
1288:Johnny Depp
1240:Pearl Fryar
1078:Villa Lante
1049:Portmeirion
967:Levens Hall
835:East Rudham
720:Topiary at
642:Walt Disney
533:John Loudon
433:Levens Hall
409:Topiary at
331:Hako-zukuri
2009:Categories
1894:Monopteros
1863:Jeux d'eau
1831:Green wall
1826:Greenhouse
1559:2007-03-21
1383:References
1284:Tim Burton
1109:Jeff Koons
1061:, Belgium)
917:Chandigarh
907:Bang Pa-In
799:A topiary
663:green roof
638:Disneyland
602:buttressed
529:Jacobethan
411:Versailles
377:suggested
323:karesansui
162:species),
148:bay laurel
146:species),
1914:Nymphaeum
1904:Moon gate
1868:Labyrinth
1821:Gloriette
1766:Belvedere
1595:28 August
1426:Phillyrea
950:, Ecuador
842:Australia
587:Lyme Park
553:ingenuity
498:cottagers
480:porcupine
355:parterres
313:Japanese
263:topiarius
187:Ligustrum
122:, mostly
120:evergreen
105:topiarius
98:landscape
86:subshrubs
38:, Ecuador
21:A Topiary
1959:Stumpery
1934:Pavilion
1924:Parterre
1919:Orangery
1791:Fountain
1514:Archived
1455:Lawson,
1340:See also
1193:America.
1151:Topiary
1122:Lelystad
1117:Tsubo-en
1074:, France
996:Stiffkey
961:Cliveden
911:Thailand
773:Henfield
755:, France
476:quickset
388:obelisks
371:rosemary
359:terraces
327:Karikomi
273:xii.6).
251:obelisks
215:Portugal
101:gardener
53:, Canada
51:Gatineau
1979:Trellis
1974:Topiary
1969:Terrace
1939:Pergola
1771:Cascade
1761:Bosquet
1629:Sources
1282:In the
931:Zarcero
873:Manipur
596:bought
508:Revival
404:boxwood
304:penjing
231:Martial
199:History
169:Eugenia
132:needles
70:foliage
60:is the
58:Topiary
1836:Grotto
1816:Gazebo
1781:Exedra
1751:Aviary
1746:Avenue
1670:
1642:
1408:
1097:Bilbao
1059:Durbuy
955:Europe
948:Tulcan
944:Tulcan
893:sekpil
649:, and
469:dragon
396:privet
394:found
382:coyne.
308:bonsai
255:atrium
245:, and
204:Origin
175:Myrtus
164:myrtle
128:leaves
113:fresco
82:shrubs
36:Tulcán
2020:Trees
1929:Patio
1909:Mound
1877:Hedge
1853:Hedge
1848:Ha-ha
1786:Folly
1459:1618.
1290:film
1101:Spain
897:satra
877:India
299:Japan
295:China
287:Geoje
267:topos
259:villa
221:Roman
193:hedge
181:Taxus
156:holly
143:Thuja
124:woody
109:topia
94:Latin
78:trees
74:twigs
1949:Shed
1889:Lawn
1882:Turf
1872:Maze
1776:Deck
1668:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1597:2011
1406:ISBN
1320:Noah
1114:The
867:The
855:Asia
724:, UK
622:maze
492:and
456:The
402:and
357:and
297:and
160:Ilex
84:and
72:and
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1329:'s
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