184:
599:
468:
199:
382:
321:
693:
534:
1522:
705:
329:
640:
392:, who wrested power from the Hasmonean dynasty, added three massive towers to the fortifications in 37–34 BCE. He built these at the vulnerable northwest corner of the Western Hill, where the Citadel is now located. His purpose was not only to defend the city, but to safeguard his own royal palace located nearby on Mount Zion. Herod named the tallest of the towers, 44 metres (144 ft) in height,
27:
618:
to protect the city's cultural heritage. This organisation cleaned and renovated the citadel and reopened it to the public as a venue for concerts, benefit events and exhibitions by local artists. In the 1930s, a museum of
Palestinian folklore was opened in the citadel, displaying traditional crafts
575:
near the southwest corner of the citadel commonly known as the Mihrab el-Qal'a ed-Dawood ("Prayer niche of David's fortress"), erecting a minaret during the years 1635–1655. In the 19th century the conspicuous minaret, which still stands today, became commonly referred to as the "Tower of David". At
1005:
Archaeologist H. Geva proposes that the "Tower of David", be identified with
Josephus's Hippicus tower. Hillel Geva (Ph.D.) has excavated the Citadel, is Director of the Israel Exploration Society and currently edits and publishes the reports for the Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of
450:
as its favoured religion in the 4th century, a community of monks established itself in the citadel. It was during the
Byzantine period that the remaining Herodian tower, and by extension the Citadel as a whole, acquired its alternative name—the Tower of David—after the Byzantines, mistakenly
162:, and that "The northeastern tower was replaced by a much larger, more massive tower, dubbed the "Tower of David" beginning in the 5th century C.E." The name "Tower of David" migrated in the 19th century from the Herodian tower in the northeast of the citadel, to the 17th-century
400:, named for his second wife whom he had executed and buried in a cave to the west of the tower. He named the third tower Hippicus after one of his friends. Of the three towers, only the base of one of them survives today—either the Phasael or, as argued by archaeologist
913:
213:
The citadel with the label "David's Tower" appearing in artifacts from 1865 and 1936. The label "Tower of David" is now commonly used to refer to the
Ottoman minaret on the south west side of the citadel (shown as a small red circle on the 1936
494:. To protect pilgrims from the menace of highway robbers, the Crusaders built a tower surrounded by a moat atop the citadel, and posted lookouts to guard the road to Jaffa. The citadel also protected the newly erected palace of the Crusader
819:
630:
captured
Jerusalem and converted the citadel back to its historical role as a military position, as it commanded a dominant view across the armistice line into Jewish Jerusalem. It would keep this role until 1967.
681:, drawings and models, the exhibit rooms each depict Jerusalem under its various rulers. Visitors may also ascend to the ramparts, which command a 360-degree view of the Old City and New City of Jerusalem.
2854:
2430:
821:
Ariel D.T. and De Groot A. eds. Excavations in the City of David
Directed by Yigal Shiloh, 3. Stratigraphical, Environmental, and Other Reports (Qedem 33). Jerusalem 1992
1063:
435:
in 70 CE, the three towers were preserved as a testimony of the might of the fortifications overcome by the Roman legions, and the site served as barracks for the
225:
The name "Tower of David" was first used for the
Herodian tower in the 5th century CE by the Byzantine Christians, who believed the site to be the palace of King
237:, King David's son, who wrote: "Thy neck is like the Tower of David built with turrets, whereon there hang a thousand shields, all the armor of the mighty men" (
183:
2005:
662:. Located in a series of chambers in the original citadel, the museum includes a courtyard which contains archeological remains dating back 2,700 years.
598:
1244:
416:), upon which were added smaller stones in a later period, that added back significantly to the height of the remaining stump of the Herodian tower.
361:
expanded further onto the so-called
Western Hill. This 773-meter-high prominence, which comprises the modern Armenian and Jewish Quarters as well as
1309:
2869:
1553:
1110:
365:, was bounded by steep valleys on all sides except for the north. The first settlement in this area was about 150 BCE, around the time of the
401:
1189:
198:
2631:
2507:
2042:
1656:
1400:
467:
2879:
341:
2375:
1268:"From the Dome of the Chain to Miḥrāb Dāʾūd: The Transformation of an Umayyad Commemorative Site at the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem"
2703:
1227:
567:, whose architects designed a large entrance, behind which stood a cannon emplacement. For 400 years, the citadel served as a
456:
158:, an Israeli archaeologist, writes that the original three Hasmonean towers standing in this area of the city were altered by
2859:
1844:
1072:
949:
795:
2874:
2864:
2037:
1360:
2147:
1784:
975:
states that the Miḥrāb in the southern wall of the Ḥaram, near the "Cradle of Jesus", is widely accepted as Miḥrāb Dāwūd.
2588:
1618:
1589:
1546:
853:
2762:
2025:
1764:
2600:
2234:
1942:
1799:
521:
defeated and banished the
Crusaders from Jerusalem for a last time, destroying the entire city in the process. The
238:
2583:
2573:
2032:
1774:
590:. General Allenby formally proclaimed the event standing on a platform at the outer eastern gate of the citadel.
397:
20:
2733:
2757:
2537:
2214:
2092:
1759:
490:
During the
Crusader period, thousands of pilgrims undertook the pilgrimage to Jerusalem by way of the port at
2844:
2698:
2662:
2385:
2179:
2174:
1769:
1539:
1418:
1394:
333:
1006:
Jerusalem. The identification with the Hippicus tower was already proposed by 19th-century biblical scholar
2738:
2322:
2015:
1977:
1241:
1204:
736:
190:
2723:
2415:
2400:
2137:
1902:
1882:
1015:
1034:, who held that the "Tower of David" should be identified with the tower of Phasael, based on its size.
2420:
2395:
2327:
2312:
2194:
2107:
2064:
2010:
1651:
1123:
587:
2849:
2000:
1957:
1897:
1887:
1742:
1707:
1007:
959:
regarding the location of Miḥrāb Dāwūd in his time . 1. The Great Miḥrāb in the wall adjacent to the
888:
716:
623:
514:
121:
1103:
684:
As of 2002, the Jerusalem Foundation reported that over 3.5 million visitors had toured the museum.
2471:
2344:
1717:
1353:
564:
476:
877:"The Citadel of Jerusalem: A Case Study in the Cultural Appropriation of Archaeology in Palestine"
396:, in memory of his brother who had committed suicide while in captivity. Another tower was called
2728:
1984:
1922:
1666:
1604:
1521:
1185:
428:
790:. Oxford Archaeological Guides (5 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24.
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2636:
2435:
2390:
2224:
2127:
1927:
1722:
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in 1099, and surrendered only when its defenders were guaranteed safe passage out of the city.
420:
75:
51:
939:
841:
152:, and is a venue for benefit events, craft shows, concerts, and sound-and-light performances.
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2542:
2522:
2502:
2370:
2307:
2199:
2097:
2057:
785:
760:
615:
607:
358:
301:
404:
who excavated the Citadel, the Hippicus Tower. Of the original tower itself (now called the
2818:
2749:
2682:
2667:
2605:
2527:
2219:
1962:
1892:
1809:
1789:
1446:
1406:
1208:
1011:
846:
Cities Through the Looking Glass: Esays on the History and Archaeology of Biblical Urbanism
659:
495:
381:
145:
98:
8:
2626:
2512:
2239:
2209:
1937:
1932:
1829:
1646:
1440:
1346:
205:
149:
2813:
2595:
2547:
2517:
2244:
2142:
1972:
1779:
1752:
1702:
1681:
1661:
1295:
1136:
1091:
996:
956:
116:
periods. It was built on the site of a series of earlier ancient fortifications of the
31:
2823:
2641:
2466:
2410:
2339:
2317:
2229:
1430:
1424:
1287:
1236:
1023:
972:
945:
849:
791:
611:
553:
483:
rulers refurbished the citadel. This powerful structure withstood the assault of the
914:"مبادرة لتكنولوجيا الواقع الإفتراضي في مختبر الإبتكار الجديد في متحف برج قلعة القدس"
2782:
2610:
2568:
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2260:
1947:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1732:
1584:
1279:
1161:
892:
443:
370:
305:
125:
1188:, at the homepage (2007) of the Tower of David Museum of the History of Jerusalem
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2713:
2405:
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2204:
2169:
2164:
2132:
2047:
1917:
1907:
1849:
1609:
1248:
1231:
1193:
665:
The exhibits depict 4,000 years of Jerusalem's history, from its beginnings as a
424:
389:
320:
159:
66:
42:
1224:
754:
735:
In 2010, a survey of the site was conducted by Yehudah Rapuano on behalf of the
658:
The Tower of David Museum of the History of Jerusalem was opened in 1989 by the
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2792:
2787:
2563:
2445:
2380:
2285:
2102:
2087:
2020:
1912:
1877:
1727:
1624:
1574:
1489:
1283:
1048:
1027:
872:
584:
560:
510:
113:
2838:
2718:
2486:
2295:
2152:
1747:
1594:
1579:
1501:
1324:
1311:
1291:
1019:
968:
484:
230:
284:
2677:
2300:
2189:
2184:
2071:
1967:
1952:
1737:
1686:
1671:
1507:
1436:
1031:
964:
941:
Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage
692:
644:
522:
447:
432:
309:
109:
533:
2578:
2476:
2450:
2425:
2354:
2349:
2290:
1834:
1819:
1794:
1712:
1495:
1412:
787:
The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700
652:
627:
580:
328:
167:
1299:
1267:
1000:
704:
2672:
2481:
2280:
2052:
1854:
1614:
1531:
1458:
1369:
748:
452:
436:
362:
345:
148:
and pottery, fishbones, and other archaeological finds dating from the
94:
264:
During the Early Muslim and Ayyubid periods it was known in Arabic as
2708:
2270:
2159:
1634:
1599:
696:
View of archaeological finds in the courtyard and the Ottoman minaret
674:
513:, attacked the Crusader garrison and destroyed the citadel. In their
505:
captured the city including the citadel. In 1239 the Ayyubid emir of
412:
still rise from ground level (partially hidden by a much later built
366:
249:
An Arabic name of the massive Herodian-Mamluk northeast tower is the
155:
137:
132:
periods, after being destroyed repeatedly during the last decades of
117:
102:
1014:, a view opposed by other 19th-early 20th century scholars, such as
987:
Geva, Hillel (1981). "The 'Tower of David' – Phasael or Hippicus?".
2334:
1629:
1043:
891:(UCL), Institute of Archaeology, Heritage Studies Section: 89–95 .
678:
647:
chandelier hangs in the entrance hall of the Tower of David Museum.
639:
576:
least two mosques are known to exist within the Jerusalem Citadel.
568:
518:
506:
141:
133:
897:
876:
1641:
1452:
502:
409:
393:
337:
234:
163:
86:
2777:
666:
572:
546:
542:
538:
480:
413:
294:. Note that there is also another mihrab (prayer niche) called
129:
90:
1338:
491:
226:
220:
26:
537:
Masjid Mihrab ed-Dawood, the Ottoman "David's Prayer Niche
140:
by their Muslim enemies. I It contains artifacts from the
670:
1225:
360 degrees HD virtual tour of the Tower of David Museum
1126:, EnjoyJerusalem.com (EU-supported Palestinian website)
763:, nickname for Jewish art in Palestine during the 1920s
2855:
Castles and fortifications of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
842:"Jerusalem Between the Hasmoneans and Herod the Great"
559:
The citadel was expanded between 1537 and 1541 by the
385:
Large Herodian ashlars topped by smaller Mamluk stones
462:
427:
made the tower his place of residence. Following the
556:
ibn Qalawun, who gave it much of its present shape.
295:
282:
265:
250:
170:
has been officially adopted for the entire citadel.
80:
56:
783:
229:. They borrowed the name "Tower of David" from the
751:, the Jerusalem city gate protected by the citadel
655:in 1967, the citadel's cultural role was revived.
571:for Turkish troops. The Ottomans also installed a
1264:and Early Muslim traditions regarding David see:
552:In 1310 the citadel was rebuilt by Mamluk sultan
2836:
593:
455:, presumed it to be David's palace mentioned in
1209:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010
166:at the opposite side of the citadel, and after
1242:A tourist's guide to the Tower of David Museum
971:; 3. In the citadel (al-Qalʾa) of Jerusalem.
408:), some sixteen courses of the Herodian stone
1733:Herodian Quarter – Wohl Archaeological Museum
1547:
1354:
1154:
528:
498:, located immediately south of the citadel.
256:
16:Ancient citadel in the Old City of Jerusalem
2508:Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family
2043:Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus
1129:
271:
108:The citadel that stands today dates to the
2620:Entertainment and performance arts centers
2254:Gates, streets, squares, areas of interest
1554:
1540:
1361:
1347:
995:(1/2). Israel Exploration Society: 57–65.
2376:Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations
1137:"al-Qal'a Mosque (Masjid Mehrab e Dawud)"
896:
373:called "the First Wall" was constructed.
2704:Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem
1561:
867:
865:
779:
777:
691:
638:
634:
597:
532:
466:
380:
327:
319:
25:
1265:
1109:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1061:
1055:
835:
833:
831:
757:, model of Jerusalem built in 1867–1873
2837:
871:
2870:Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
1845:U. Nahon Museum of Italian Jewish Art
1535:
1342:
862:
839:
774:
471:The moat, main gate and tower in 1911
1186:Tower of David: History of a Citadel
986:
937:
828:
699:
1785:North Africa Jewish Heritage Center
980:
911:
352:
300:, built into the inner side of the
257:
70:
46:
13:
2589:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
1619:The Architects Tombs at Jaffa Gate
1254:
848:. Eisenbraunds. pp. 122–124.
463:Early Muslims, Crusaders, Ayyubids
14:
2891:
2880:Archaeological sites in Jerusalem
2763:Placing notes in the Western Wall
1218:
817:
376:
324:View of Tower of David from above
2235:Tower of David (northeast tower)
1943:Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue
1800:Rockefeller Archeological Museum
1520:
784:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2008).
703:
357:During the 2nd century BCE, the
221:"Tower of David": Herodian tower
197:
182:
144:including a quarry dated to the
2632:International Convention Center
2584:Garden of the Missing in Action
2574:Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery
2431:The Nature Park & Galleries
1775:Museum of Underground Prisoners
1198:
1179:
1117:
583:, British forces under General
525:destroyed the citadel in 1260.
244:
21:Tower of David (disambiguation)
2538:Leonardo Plaza Hotel Jerusalem
2093:Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque
1760:Menachem Begin Heritage Center
1368:
1037:
931:
905:
811:
687:
296:
1:
2734:Jerusalem Food Truck Festival
2180:Jerusalem Walls National Park
2175:Jerusalem Archaeological Park
2006:Cathedral of the Annunciation
1770:Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem
1401:Yitzhak Navon railway station
967:; 2. The Great Miḥrāb in the
767:
594:British and Jordanian periods
457:2 Samuel 5:11, 11:1–27, 16:22
2860:Classical sites in Jerusalem
2739:Temple Mount Sifting Project
2656:Markets and shopping centers
2016:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
1903:Great Synagogue of Jerusalem
1266:Mostafa, Heba (2017-10-08).
1205:Israel Antiquities Authority
737:Israel Antiquities Authority
669:city to modern times. Using
261:, 'Citadel Tower').
191:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
7:
2875:Historic sites in Jerusalem
2865:Medieval sites in Jerusalem
2724:Jerusalem Festival of Light
2416:Jerusalem Metropolitan Park
2401:Jerusalem Botanical Gardens
2138:Cave of the Minor Sanhedrin
1476:
1065:Crusader Jerusalem (Map 11)
742:
283:
266:
251:
81:
57:
30:The Tower of David and the
10:
2896:
2421:Orson Hyde Memorial Garden
2396:Jerusalem Bird Observatory
2065:Monastery of Saint Saviour
2011:Church of the Flagellation
1652:National Library of Israel
1381:
1284:10.1163/22118993_03401p002
989:Israel Exploration Journal
969:southern wall of the Ḥaram
602:Main gate to citadel, 1920
529:Mamluk and Ottoman citadel
477:Arab conquest of Jerusalem
315:
18:
2806:
2747:
2691:
2655:
2619:
2556:
2495:
2459:
2363:
2253:
2120:
2080:
2038:Church of the Holy Family
2001:Chapel of Simon of Cyrene
1993:
1958:Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue
1898:Four Sephardic Synagogues
1888:Beit El Kabbalist yeshiva
1870:
1863:
1708:Bloomfield Science Museum
1695:
1567:
1518:
1484:
1475:
1389:
1380:
1376:
912:إسرائيل, طاقم تايمز أوف.
889:University College London
334:Palace of Herod the Great
2472:Jerusalem Sports Quarter
1718:Chamber of the Holocaust
1211:, Survey Permit # A-5826
1162:"Tower of David Mosques"
1071:. Oxford. Archived from
1062:Gilbert, Martin (1987).
565:Suleiman the Magnificent
451:identifying the hill as
429:destruction of Jerusalem
173:
2729:Jerusalem Film Festival
1985:Zoharei Chama Synagogue
1923:Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue
1667:Supreme Court of Israel
844:. In Arav, Rami (ed.).
336:with the three towers (
2699:1st Jerusalem Biennale
2637:Jerusalem Cinematheque
2391:Jerusalem Biblical Zoo
2225:Tombs of the Sanhedrin
2026:Chapel of Saint Helena
1928:Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue
1765:Museum for Islamic Art
1723:Friends of Zion Museum
944:. Brill. p. 137.
887:(1). London, England:
697:
648:
603:
549:
515:1244 siege of the city
472:
386:
349:
325:
34:
2773:Jerusalem mixed grill
2601:Shaare Zedek Cemetery
2543:Mount of Olives Hotel
2523:Inbal Jerusalem Hotel
2503:American Colony Hotel
2308:Old City of Jerusalem
2098:Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya
2058:Church of All Nations
1657:Navon railway station
1590:Gates of the Old City
1325:31.77611°N 35.22778°E
1237:Tower of David Museum
1124:The Citadel: Position
938:Elad, Amikam (1995).
761:Tower of David Period
695:
642:
635:Tower of David Museum
624:1948 Arab–Israeli War
616:Pro-Jerusalem Society
606:During the period of
601:
536:
470:
384:
359:Old City of Jerusalem
331:
323:
61:), also known as the
29:
2845:Museums in Jerusalem
2819:Cuisine of Jerusalem
2668:Mahane Yehuda Market
2606:Sheikh Badr Cemetery
2528:Jerusalem Gate Hotel
2220:Tomb of the Prophets
2121:Archaeological sites
2033:Church of Saint Anne
1963:Tzuf Dvash Synagogue
1893:Belz Great Synagogue
1810:Schottenstein campus
1790:Old Yishuv Courtyard
1562:Tourism in Jerusalem
1407:Mahane Yehuda Market
1012:James Turner Barclay
660:Jerusalem Foundation
146:Second Temple period
19:For other uses, see
2627:Gerard Behar Center
2513:David Citadel Hotel
2240:Western Wall Tunnel
2210:Tomb of Benei Hezir
1938:Or Zaruaa Synagogue
1933:Old Motza Synagogue
1830:Terra Sancta Museum
1647:Montefiore Windmill
1395:Central Bus Station
1321: /
840:Bahat, Dan (2007).
348:from left to right)
206:Survey of Palestine
150:First Temple Period
93:, located near the
2814:Jerusalem syndrome
2596:Sanhedria Cemetery
2548:Seven Arches Hotel
2518:The Heritage House
2215:Tombs of the Kings
2143:Cave of the Ramban
1780:Museum on the Seam
1753:Shrine of the Book
1703:Bible Lands Museum
1682:Walls of Jerusalem
1662:Shrine of the Book
1330:31.77611; 35.22778
1247:2013-05-09 at the
1230:2008-01-17 at the
1192:2007-09-05 at the
1052:(V.IV.3; VII.II.1)
715:. You can help by
698:
649:
604:
588:captured Jerusalem
550:
496:kings of Jerusalem
473:
387:
350:
326:
239:Song of Songs, 4:4
35:
2832:
2831:
2824:Tourism in Israel
2758:Armenian ceramics
2663:Ben Yehuda Street
2642:Jerusalem Theatre
2467:Givat Ram Stadium
2411:Liberty Bell Park
2386:Independence Park
2364:Parks and gardens
2318:Christian Quarter
2230:Tomb of Zechariah
2116:
2115:
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1471:
1470:
1431:Generali Building
1419:Ben Yehuda Street
1078:on 14 August 2015
951:978-90-04-10010-7
918:تايمز أوف إسرائيل
818:Ariel, Donald T.
797:978-0-19-923666-4
733:
732:
612:High Commissioner
610:(1917–1948), the
554:Al-Nasir Muhammad
369:kings, when what
332:Jerusalem Model,
89:and contemporary
85:), is an ancient
79:
55:
2887:
2850:Crusader castles
2783:Kugel Yerushalmi
2611:Tabachnik Garden
2569:Mamilla Cemetery
2533:King David Hotel
2441:Train Track Park
2323:Armenian Quarter
2261:Bukharan Quarter
1948:Ramban Synagogue
1868:
1867:
1825:Temple Institute
1815:Siebenberg House
1805:Russian Compound
1585:Dome of the Rock
1556:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1473:
1472:
1378:
1377:
1363:
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1340:
1339:
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614:established the
501:In 1187, Sultan
479:in 638, the new
371:Josephus Flavius
353:Hasmonean period
306:Haram esh-Sharif
299:
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60:
50:
48:
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2768:Jerusalem bagel
2743:
2714:Israel Festival
2687:
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2615:
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2491:
2455:
2406:Jerusalem Trail
2359:
2276:Ethiopia Street
2266:Artists' Colony
2249:
2245:Zedekiah's Cave
2205:Tomb of Absalom
2165:Israelite Tower
2133:Cave of Nicanor
2112:
2076:
1989:
1918:Hurva Synagogue
1908:Hecht Synagogue
1864:Religious sites
1859:
1850:Yad Levi Eshkol
1691:
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1272:Muqarnas Online
1257:
1255:Further reading
1249:Wayback Machine
1232:Wayback Machine
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965:al-ʾAqṣā Mosque
952:
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873:Hawari, Mahmoud
870:
863:
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838:
829:
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782:
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723:
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713:needs expansion
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425:Simon bar Giora
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291:
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2564:Har HaMenuchot
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2340:Nahalat Shiv'a
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2328:Muslim Quarter
2325:
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2313:Jewish Quarter
2305:
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2286:Davidka Square
2278:
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2108:Mosque of Omar
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2103:Marwani Mosque
2100:
2095:
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2088:Al-Aqsa Mosque
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2021:Deir es-Sultan
2013:
2008:
2003:
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1991:
1990:
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1982:
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1980:
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1965:
1960:
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1930:
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1920:
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1913:Heichal Shlomo
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1878:Ades Synagogue
1874:
1872:
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1840:Tower of David
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1728:Heichal Shlomo
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1463:Tower of David
1455:
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1220:
1219:External links
1217:
1214:
1213:
1197:
1178:
1166:Madain Project
1153:
1141:Madain Project
1128:
1116:
1054:
1049:The Jewish War
1036:
979:
950:
930:
904:
861:
855:978-1575061429
854:
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796:
772:
771:
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689:
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622:Following the
619:and clothing.
595:
592:
585:Edmund Allenby
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511:An-Nasir Dawud
464:
461:
406:Tower of David
378:
377:Herod's towers
375:
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289:(prayer place)
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39:Tower of David
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2719:Jerusalem Day
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2296:Tzahal Square
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2148:City of David
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2014:
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1978:Wilson's Arch
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1883:Ari Synagogue
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1502:Tzahal Square
1499:
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898:10.5334/pp.25
894:
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881:Present Pasts
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711:This section
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302:Southern Wall
287:
286:
268:
262:
253:
252:Burj al-Qalʾa
242:
240:
236:
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231:Song of Songs
228:
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68:
64:
59:
53:
44:
40:
33:
28:
22:
2748:Culture and
2678:Mamilla Mall
2647:Khan Theatre
2460:Sport venues
2345:Paris Square
2301:Safra Square
2195:Old Kathisma
2190:Mamilla Pool
2185:Ketef Hinnom
2170:Jason's Tomb
2072:Via Dolorosa
1994:Christianity
1953:Temple Mount
1839:
1738:Herzl Museum
1687:Western Wall
1676:
1672:Temple Mount
1610:Herod's Gate
1508:Safra Square
1477:
1462:
1437:Safra Square
1382:
1306:
1275:
1271:
1262:Mihrab Da'ud
1261:
1200:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1119:
1080:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1064:
1057:
1047:
1039:
1016:J. Fergusson
992:
988:
982:
960:
955:
940:
933:
922:. Retrieved
917:
907:
884:
880:
845:
820:
813:
801:. Retrieved
786:
755:Illés Relief
734:
721:
717:adding to it
712:
683:
664:
657:
650:
645:Dale Chihuly
621:
608:British rule
605:
578:
558:
551:
519:Khwarazmians
500:
489:
474:
448:Christianity
441:
437:Roman troops
418:
405:
388:
356:
310:Temple Mount
297:Miḥrāb Dāwūd
267:Miḥrāb Dāwūd
263:
248:
245:Arabic names
224:
154:
107:
62:
58:Migdál Davíd
38:
36:
2793:Orez Shu'it
2579:Mount Herzl
2477:Malha Arena
2451:Yad Kennedy
2426:Sacher Park
2355:Zion Square
2350:Yemin Moshe
2291:Zion Square
2048:Garden Tomb
1835:Ticho House
1820:Stern House
1795:Paulus-Haus
1713:Burnt House
1625:Lions' Gate
1605:Golden Gate
1496:Zion Square
1413:Clal Center
1328: /
1278:(1): 1–22.
1100:|work=
1032:C.R. Conder
920:(in Arabic)
688:Archaeology
653:Six-Day War
628:Arab Legion
581:World War I
423:with Rome,
419:During the
402:Hillel Geva
2839:Categories
2673:Malha Mall
2557:Cemeteries
2482:Pais Arena
2436:Teddy Park
2371:Bible Hill
2281:Jaffa Road
2128:Broad Wall
2053:Gethsemane
1855:Yad Vashem
1615:Jaffa Gate
1459:Jaffa Gate
1370:Jaffa Road
1316:35°13′40″E
1313:31°46′34″N
1171:5 December
1082:20 October
1024:G.A. Smith
924:2020-10-17
768:References
749:Jaffa Gate
724:April 2019
675:videotapes
651:Since the
475:After the
453:Mount Zion
421:Jewish war
363:Mount Zion
258:برج القلعة
128:and Early
95:Jaffa Gate
32:city walls
2709:Holy Fire
2271:Ein Kerem
2200:The Cardo
2160:Ein Lavan
1635:Zion Gate
1600:Dung Gate
1568:Landmarks
1441:City Hall
1292:0732-2992
1102:ignored (
1092:cite book
1028:C. Warren
957:al-Suyūṭī
679:holograms
667:Canaanite
485:Crusaders
442:When the
367:Hasmonean
156:Dan Bahat
138:Holy Land
126:Byzantine
118:Hasmonean
103:Jerusalem
82:al-Qala'a
76:romanized
52:romanized
2335:Muristan
1630:New Gate
1447:Old City
1300:26551692
1245:Archived
1228:Archived
1190:Archived
1044:Josephus
1008:Robinson
1001:27925783
875:(2010).
743:See also
569:garrison
446:adopted
398:Mariamne
346:Mariamne
342:Hippicus
281:David's
142:Iron Age
134:Crusader
122:Herodian
99:Old City
47:מגדל דוד
2807:Related
2798:Sofrito
2750:cuisine
1871:Judaism
1696:Museums
1642:Knesset
1478:Squares
1453:Mamilla
1146:14 June
1010:and by
963:inside
803:14 June
739:(IAA).
579:During
563:sultan
561:Ottoman
523:Mamluks
503:Saladin
431:by the
410:ashlars
394:Phasael
338:Phasael
316:History
304:of the
275:
235:Solomon
164:minaret
114:Ottoman
87:citadel
78::
63:Citadel
54::
2778:Kubbeh
2692:Events
2496:Hotels
1383:Places
1298:
1290:
999:
961:minbar
948:
852:
794:
626:, the
573:mosque
547:minbar
543:mihrab
539:Mosque
517:, the
481:Muslim
444:empire
433:Romans
414:glacis
285:miḥrāb
130:Muslim
110:Mamluk
91:museum
71:القلعة
67:Arabic
43:Hebrew
2081:Islam
1973:Plaza
1296:JSTOR
1076:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
997:JSTOR
973:Mujīr
507:Karak
492:Jaffa
390:Herod
227:David
214:map).
204:1936
189:1865
174:Names
160:Herod
1457:11.
1451:10.
1288:ISSN
1260:For
1173:2019
1148:2020
1111:link
1104:help
1084:2015
1030:and
946:ISBN
850:ISBN
805:2020
792:ISBN
671:maps
545:and
272:lit.
168:1967
112:and
37:The
1506:D.
1500:C.
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1488:A.
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