42:
724:
411:
1180:
1166:
2988:
1807:, 1981: "The Roland TR-808 will undoubtedly become the standard for rhythm machines of the future because it does what no rhythm machine of the past has ever done. Not only does the TR-808 allow programming of individual rhythm patterns, it can also program the entire percussion track of a song from beginning to end, complete with breaks, rolls, literally anything you can think of."
291:
The TR-808 is a piece of art. It's engineering art, it's so beautifully made. If you have an idea of what is going on in the inside, if you look at the circuit diagram, and you see how the unknown Roland engineer was making the best out of super limited technology, it's unbelievable. You look at the
773:
Though the 808 was unsuccessful, it was eventually used on more hit records than any other drum machine and became one of the most influential inventions in popular music. By the time Roland discontinued it in 1983, it had become common on the used market, often selling for less than $ 100
827:
wrote that the 808 is now so ubiquitous that "its beats are almost a language of their own", with sounds recognizable even to listeners who do not know what drum machines are, and so "you also notice when somebody messes with them or uses them in unusual contexts". In 2019,
698:
had yet to become mainstream and many musicians and producers wanted realistic-sounding drum machines. According to many reports, one review dismissed the 808 as sounding like "marching anteaters", though this likely referred to machines that predated it.
1229:, ReBirth was "especially incredible" as the first software emulation of 808 sounds. It was retired in 2017 as Roland said it infringed on its intellectual property. Roland has included 808 samples in several drum machines, including its
1021:
wrote that it triggered "the big bang of pop's great age of disruption, from 1983 to 1986", and that its "defiantly inorganic timbres ... sketched out the domain of a new world of music". According to
742:
914:, "Those eight-bar units became veritable playgrounds for invention and creativity." Artists manipulated the bass drum to produce new sounds, such as on the 1984 single "Set it Off", in which the producer
1248:
released a recreation of the 808, the
Behringer RD-8 Rhythm Designer. Unlike Roland's TR-08 and TR-8S, which use samples and virtual synthesis to recreate the 808 sounds, the RD-8 uses analog circuitry.
428:
449:
470:
991:
in music. The whole world began to be less separated through this technology, and there was a classiness to it—you could transcend your provincial music with this equipment." With the rise of
958:", which used the 808 to create "strange, futuristic" percussion that was popular in clubs. The track influenced the development of electronic and hip hop music and subgenres including
546:; the TR in TR-808 stands for "transistor rhythm". The sounds do not resemble real percussion, and have been described as "clicky", "robotic", "spacey", "toy-like" and "futuristic".
427:
448:
469:
740:
399:
to create the 808's distinctive sizzling sound. The chief engineer, Makoto Muroi, credited the 808 voice circuit design to "Mr. Nakamura" and the software to "Mr. Matsuoka".
870:
wrote that the "trembling feeling of , booming down boulevards in
Oakland, the Bronx and Detroit, are part of America's cultural DNA". Even after the 808 fell out of use by
741:
1902:
429:
450:
219:
had yet to become mainstream and many producers wanted more realistic drum sounds. After building approximately 12,000 units, Roland discontinued the 808 after its
471:
2447:
2329:
1244:
connections, expanded sequencer control and a built-in speaker. Roland released the first official software emulations of the 808 and 909 in 2018. In 2019,
2205:
2357:
375:
With its next machine, the TR-808, Roland aimed to develop a drum machine for the professional market, expecting that it would mainly be used to create
3533:
356:, the president and founder of Ace Tone, who wanted to know how he had achieved the sounds using the Ace Tone machine. In 1972, Kakehashi formed the
2237:
1678:
292:
circuit diagram like you look at an orchestral score, you think, how on earth did they come up with this idea? It's brilliant, it's a masterpiece.
1774:
2117:
2084:
1233:
in the 1990s. Its TR-8 and TR-8S drum machines, released in the 2010s, recreate the sounds electronically rather than through sample playback.
1528:
1320:
273:
than any other drum machine. Its popularity in hip hop has made it one of the most influential inventions in popular music, comparable to the
337:. Lewis was known for performances using electronic instruments he had modified, decades before the popularization of instrument hacking via
2739:
708:
Despite some early adopters, the 808 was a commercial failure and fewer than 12,000 units were sold. Roland ended production in 1983 after
234:
among underground musicians for its affordability on the used market, ease of use and idiosyncratic sounds, particularly its deep, booming
1082:
1969:
1359:
95:
1490:
1567:
341:. He made extensive modifications to the Ace Tone drum machine, creating his own rhythms and wiring it through his organ's
2265:
1857:
596:
The 808 was the first drum machine with which users could program a percussion track from beginning to end, complete with
1196:, the first Roland drum machine to use samples. Like the 808, the 909 influenced popular music, including such genres as
1026:, it was instrumental in pop music's shift from conventional structure and harmonic progression to "thinking in terms of
333:
to demonstrate its products, including an electronic organ with a built-in drum machine designed by the
Japanese company
2535:
41:
1480:
3528:
1941:
818:". Gaye was drawn to 808 because he could use it to create music in isolation, without other musicians or producers.
2732:
281:. Its sounds are included with music software and modern drum machines and it has inspired unlicensed recreations.
796:
in 1980. The first records to feature the 808 were released the following year: the Yellow Magic
Orchestra album
803:
733:
1624:
3548:
3553:
899:
wrote in 2015 that the 808 was the bedrock of the modern "urban-youth-culture soundtrack", particularly in
705:
wrote a positive review, predicting that it would become "the standard for rhythm machines of the future".
576:
2025:
926:
popularized the technique of lengthening the bass drum decay and tuning it to different pitches to create
3558:
3156:
2725:
2480:
2247:
2171:
2301:
2596:
2053:
1764:
774:(equivalent to $ 306 in 2023). Its ease of use, affordability and idiosyncratic sound earned it a
3293:
3288:
2094:
1997:
1410:
365:
2564:
2508:
1883:
1439:
557:
368:, and Kakehashi realized they could be used to program drum machines. In 1978, Roland released the
2703:
1283:
1065:" accompanied by an 808, stumbling against its "gunshot"-like sounds. The drummer and songwriter
919:
605:
420:
694:, which used samples of real drum kits. The 808 sounded simplistic and synthetic by comparison;
200:
instead of using preset patterns. Unlike its nearest competitor at the time, the more expensive
3538:
2306:
1220:
793:
441:
17:
972:, "Planet Rock" "didn't so much put the 808 on the map so much as reorient an entire world of
1931:
1141:
686: (equivalent to $ 4,419 in 2023). Roland marketed it as an affordable alternative to the
462:
326:
239:
128:
121:
3543:
2418:
1825:
1237:
1216:
887:
859:
712:
improvements made it impossible to restock the faulty transistors essential to its design.
531:
372:, the first drum machine with which users could write, save and replay their own patterns.
220:
2656:
1140:. Its bass drum has been used as a metaphor for a heartbeat in songs by artists including
999:, the 808 became a staple sound on British radio. In the early 90s, the Japanese composer
821:
808 samples are common in music software, and it has inspired numerous unlicensed clones.
8:
2214:
1799:
1288:
843:
778:
among underground musicians and producers, and it became a cornerstone of the developing
701:
318:
274:
197:
1321:"How the 808 drum machine got its cymbal, and other tales from music's geeky underbelly"
3402:
2937:
2748:
2569:
2145:
2058:
2030:
1742:
1719:
1683:
966:, and popularized the 808 as a "fundamental element of futuristic sound". According to
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935:
871:
547:
543:
357:
247:
205:
193:
118:
57:
2628:
3476:
2942:
2932:
2907:
2857:
2852:
2762:
2672:
2664:
2644:
2636:
2574:
2365:
2275:
2179:
1937:
1688:
1577:
1538:
1486:
1369:
1053:
564:, Tim Goodyer described the cowbell as "clumsy, clonky and hopelessly underpitched".
353:
2712:
666:) to synchronize with other devices. Its three trigger outputs can synchronize with
3502:
3012:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2396:
1679:"Everything you ever wanted to know about the Roland TR-808 but were afraid to ask"
1533:
1105:
1073:
rhythms for long periods, as human drummers would be tempted to add variations and
968:
947:
875:
807:
779:
695:
691:
583:
control allows users to lengthen the sound, creating uniquely low frequencies that
477:
A recording of the TR-808, with the cowbell trigger controlling the sequencer of a
392:
384:
379:. The engineers conceived a "drum synthesizer" with which users could program drum
342:
251:
216:
209:
158:
145:
1714:
1038:
862:. The 808 bass drum, in particular, became so essential that Hank Shocklee of the
3222:
3079:
2817:
2707:
2565:"Roland is releasing official software versions of its 808 and 909 drum machines"
1907:
1804:
1137:
1078:
1005:
951:
625:
572:
388:
387:
and level. Though they aimed to emulate real percussion, the prohibitive cost of
380:
338:
255:
2330:"Cuando el mundo tira para abajo: Charly García y la historia de Clics modernos"
1108:. It has been referenced in lyrics by artists including the Beastie Boys, Beck,
3497:
3370:
3360:
3335:
3330:
3089:
3084:
3057:
3017:
2967:
2922:
2812:
2807:
2601:
2540:
1830:
1769:
1629:
1444:
1212:
1125:
1043:
963:
863:
834:
wrote that it was likely the most used drum machine of the preceding 40 years.
815:
775:
749:
642:
621:
613:
589:
361:
346:
314:
259:
231:
196:
between 1980 and 1983. It was one of the first drum machines to allow users to
77:
3522:
3418:
3345:
3340:
3325:
3267:
3247:
3201:
3181:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3007:
2972:
2947:
2917:
2912:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2827:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2668:
2648:
2640:
2452:
2369:
2279:
2183:
1974:
1581:
1542:
1373:
1193:
1062:
1048:
984:
915:
910:
Artists pushed the limits of the 808's limited pattern storage; according to
783:
709:
658:. The 808 includes volume knobs for each voice, numerous audio outputs and a
597:
580:
243:
224:
52:
2676:
1634:
907:
hip hop that "embraces and fetishizes ... street music from the past".
456:
A recording of the TR-808, with the accent trigger used in a musical context
3386:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3237:
3232:
3171:
3151:
3002:
2977:
2927:
2902:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2802:
2270:
2122:
1364:
1101:
1089:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1000:
931:
584:
507:
478:
376:
369:
310:
302:
298:
189:
139:
83:
2391:
542:(open and closed). Rather than playing samples, it generates sounds using
3439:
3434:
3227:
3166:
3161:
3073:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2897:
2892:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2513:
1201:
1097:
1058:
904:
811:
798:
753:
667:
609:
553:
263:
2054:"Attack of the clones: Is Behringer's Minimoog a synth replica too far?"
3027:
3022:
2481:"Rewind: Propellerhead ReBirth RB-338 - the first soft-synth emulation"
2334:
2266:"Roland launch new versions of the iconic 808, 909 and 303 instruments"
2089:
1258:
1205:
996:
973:
959:
923:
900:
882:
847:
823:
765:
679:
503:
490:
396:
322:
278:
270:
1179:
1129:
866:
production group declared that "it's not hip hop without that sound".
3460:
3455:
3105:
2717:
2485:
1325:
1245:
1230:
1225:
1121:
988:
980:
855:
687:
601:
568:
499:
330:
235:
201:
1236:
In 2017, Roland released the TR-08, a miniaturized 808 featuring an
2423:
2242:
2002:
1414:
1133:
927:
792:
credited the first use of the 808 to the
Japanese electronic group
789:
659:
523:
334:
171:
3309:
2832:
2118:"Roland founder and music pioneer Ikutaro Kakehashi dies aged 87"
1145:
1109:
1030:, discrete passages of sound and time to be repeated and revised
851:
515:
360:
and hired Lewis to help design drum machines. By the late 1970s,
983:
took its name from the 808 and used it extensively. 808 State's
567:
The 808 is noted for its powerful bass drum sound, built from a
391:
drove them to design sound-generating hardware instead of using
3507:
3492:
3272:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3176:
2822:
1360:"The Roland TR-808: the drum machine that revolutionised music"
1197:
1185:
The RD-8 Rhythm
Designer, a clone released by Behringer in 2019
1165:
830:
539:
535:
527:
519:
105:
2987:
395:(prerecorded sounds). Kakehashi deliberately purchased faulty
1572:
1149:
1113:
1093:
617:
511:
2206:"The coldest story ever told: the influence of Kanye West's
2146:"Early hip-hop's greatest drum machine just got resurrected"
1568:"Roland TR-909: The history of the influential drum machine"
2700:
2536:"Roland unveil Boutique SH-01 & TR-08 and AIRA sampler"
2448:"Phil Collins, Pharrell praise 808 drum machine in new doc"
1117:
1003:
incorporated samples of the 808 in his soundtracks for the
992:
663:
2690:
1858:"The Roland TR-808 and the tale of the marching anteaters"
842:
The 808 has been described as hip hop's equivalent to the
2259:
2257:
1482:
Keyboard
Presents the Evolution of Electronic Dance Music
1241:
934:
used a reversed recording of an 808 on their 1986 track "
846:
guitar, which dramatically influenced the development of
552:
described them as a combination of synthesizer tones and
1903:"Rhythm king: the return of the Roland 808 drum machine"
593:
described the bass drum as the 808's defining feature.
2254:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1171:
The TR-08, a miniaturized 808 reissue released in 2017
895:
described as "an explicit love letter to the device".
814:
released the first hit single that featured the 808, "
238:. It became a cornerstone of the emerging electronic,
223:
became impossible to restock. It was succeeded by the
2695:
2419:"Roland TR-808: The drum machine that refused to die"
1041:
used the 808 for all percussion on his second album,
1340:
885:used the 808 on every track on his 2008 solo album
850:. It was used by pioneering hip hop acts including
2302:"Interview: Streets of Rage Composer Yuzo Koshiro"
1715:"TR-808 drum machine flashback – Roland U.S. blog"
230:Over the course of the 1980s, the 808 attracted a
3520:
1522:
874:producers in the 1990s, it remained a staple of
756:, an R&B song that helped popularize the 808
604:. Users can program up to 32 patterns using the
2263:
2078:
2076:
1970:"8 ways the 808 drum machine changed pop music"
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1357:
918:used it to imitate the sound of an underground
806:single "Nobody Told Me". In 1982, the American
1963:
1961:
1959:
1851:
1849:
1765:"Synth secrets: practical bass drum synthesis"
1618:
1561:
1559:
903:, and had influenced a new blend of dance and
321:, but instead offered preset patterns such as
2733:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2238:"Beastie Boys' Adam Horovitz Talks MCA Death"
2116:McKee, Ruth; Grierson, Jamie (2 April 2017).
2115:
1708:
1706:
1673:
1671:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
987:said: "The Roland gear began to be a kind of
2073:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1758:
1756:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1499:
1387:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1264:– a 2015 documentary about the Roland TR-808
1088:Other artists who have used the 808 include
616:on individual beats. Users can also set the
587:slightly over time, possibly not by design.
2713:Roland TR808 – Sound On Sound retrospective
1956:
1846:
1794:
1792:
1556:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
246:genres, popularized by early hits such as "
2740:
2726:
2594:
2467:
1911:. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd
1703:
1595:
1083:I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)
498:The 808 imitates acoustic percussion: the
364:were appearing in instruments such as the
3534:Musical instruments invented in the 1980s
2390:Zacharek, Stephanie (17 September 1999).
2264:Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (14 February 2014).
2026:"The Essential... Yellow Magic Orchestra"
1810:
1753:
1648:
1303:
329:hired the American musician and engineer
2389:
2355:
2169:
1995:
1789:
1526:
1459:
1408:
2235:
2143:
2082:
2051:
1900:
1881:
1740:
1565:
624:, including unusual signatures such as
14:
3521:
2747:
2562:
2509:"Roland TR-8S Rhythm Performer review"
2203:
1967:
1855:
1622:
556:that resemble "bursts coming from the
402:
2721:
2506:
2478:
2445:
2299:
2144:Baldwin, Roberto (14 February 2014).
2085:"10 great songs built around the 808"
2023:
1929:
1777:from the original on 15 February 2004
1712:
1433:
1431:
1358:Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (6 March 2014).
1318:
1017:The 808 was used extensively in pop.
734:Marvin Gaye – "Sexual Healing" (1982)
215:The 808 was a commercial failure, as
2327:
1996:Anderson, Jason (27 November 2008).
1823:
1762:
1478:
1437:
1409:Anderson, Jason (27 November 2008).
1281:
1192:The 808 was followed in 1983 by the
383:and edit parameters such as tuning,
269:The 808 was eventually used on more
2204:Greene, Jason (22 September 2015).
2170:Richards, Chris (2 December 2008).
2024:Jones, Mikey IQ (22 January 2015).
1933:A Beginner's Guide to Digital Video
1901:Marsden, Rhodi (15 December 2008).
1527:Hamilton, Jack (16 December 2016).
1085:" makes extensive use of the 808.
941:
435:Various patterns played by a TR-808
148:, and tone controls for some sounds
24:
2621:
2595:Sherbourne, Simon (January 2020).
2356:Hamilton, Jack (5 December 2012).
1428:
722:
489:Problems playing these files? See
409:
313:were most often used to accompany
25:
3570:
2684:
2563:Wilson, Scott (25 January 2018).
2446:Kreps, Daniel (15 October 2014).
2300:Dwyer, Nick (25 September 2014).
1968:Leight, Elias (6 December 2016).
1856:Werner, Kurt (29 November 2015).
1566:Jenkins, Dave (1 February 2019).
204:, the 808 generates sounds using
2986:
2635:. November 1986. pp. 70–1.
2597:"Behringer RD-8 Rhythm Designer"
2479:Jones, Andy (27 November 2017).
2083:Hawking, Tom (16 January 2014).
1623:Norris, Chris (13 August 2015).
1319:Wolbe, Trent (30 January 2013).
1178:
1164:
764:Problems playing this file? See
738:
678:The 808 launched in 1980 with a
560:" more than a real drum kit. In
467:
446:
425:
40:
2696:In-browser emulation of the 808
2588:
2556:
2528:
2500:
2439:
2411:
2383:
2349:
2321:
2293:
2229:
2197:
2163:
2137:
2109:
2045:
2017:
1989:
1923:
1894:
1875:
1826:"The history of Roland: part 2"
1734:
1625:"The 808 heard round the world"
1440:"The history of Roland: part 1"
2328:Daza, Baltasar (3 July 2020).
1824:Reid, Gordon (December 2014).
1773:. UK: SOS Publications Group.
1763:Reid, Gordon (February 2002).
1741:Goodyer, Tim (November 1986).
1713:Valle, OV (13 February 2014).
1438:Reid, Gordon (November 2014).
1275:
317:. They did not allow users to
284:
13:
1:
2701:Pattern for 808 Drum Machines
2052:Warwick, Oli (8 April 2017).
1268:
1223:. According to Andy Jones of
1211:808 samples were included in
1155:
979:The British electronic group
301:, musician and co-creator of
182:Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer
2236:Kaufman, Gil (24 May 2012).
715:
577:voltage-controlled amplifier
7:
1252:
10:
3575:
2984:
837:
673:
144:Individual level, tuning,
3485:
3469:
3448:
3427:
3411:
3395:
3379:
3318:
3302:
3281:
3215:
3144:
3098:
3066:
2995:
2755:
2507:Truss, Si (23 May 2018).
1936:, AVA Books, p. 18,
1069:found the 808 useful for
366:Roland MC-8 Microcomposer
167:
157:
152:
138:
134:32 patterns, 768 measures
127:
114:
104:
94:
89:
71:
63:
51:
39:
34:
3529:1980 musical instruments
2605:. SOS Publications Group
1834:. SOS Publications Group
976:dance music around it".
558:BBC Radiophonic Workshop
352:Lewis was approached by
184:, commonly known as the
90:Technical specifications
1882:Suzanne, Ciani (1982).
954:released their single "
208:rather than by playing
2706:31 August 2023 at the
2307:Red Bull Music Academy
1998:"Slaves to the rhythm"
1884:"Riding the new waves"
1862:Ethnomusicology Review
1411:"Slaves to the rhythm"
1221:Propellerhead Software
1012:
794:Yellow Magic Orchestra
727:
414:
294:
2208:808s & Heartbreak
1930:Wells, Peter (2004),
1800:Contemporary Keyboard
1576:. Thrust Publishing.
1529:"808s and heart eyes"
1037:The Argentine artist
888:808s & Heartbreak
726:
702:Contemporary Keyboard
670:and other equipment.
662:port (a precursor to
413:
327:Hammond Organ Company
289:
3549:Roland drum machines
2691:Official Roland site
1805:Volume 7, Issues 1–6
1479:Kirn, Peter (2011).
1217:software synthesiser
1047:(1983). In the 1984
3554:Roland synthesizers
2392:"Stop Making Sense"
844:Fender Stratocaster
403:Sounds and features
275:Fender Stratocaster
3559:Hip hop production
2749:Roland Corporation
2657:"Roland Beatboxes"
1749:(Nov 1986): 70–71.
1485:. Backbeat Books.
1284:"Monolake in full"
1240:display, MIDI and
872:East Coast hip hop
728:
690:, manufactured by
608:, chain up to 768
415:
358:Roland Corporation
194:Roland Corporation
46:TR-808 front panel
3516:
3515:
3477:Ikutaro Kakehashi
2575:The Vinyl Factory
2358:"Select-a-Rhythm"
1691:. 16 January 2014
1689:The Vinyl Factory
1492:978-1-61713-446-3
1282:Walmsley, Derek.
1054:Stop Making Sense
995:, a precursor to
743:
472:
451:
430:
370:CompuRhythm CR-78
354:Ikutaro Kakehashi
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
3566:
2996:Electronic drums
2990:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2680:
2663:. January 1983.
2652:
2633:Music Technology
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2246:. Archived from
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2172:"What's an 808?"
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2093:. Archived from
2080:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1821:
1808:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1747:Music Technology
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1675:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1620:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1524:
1497:
1496:
1476:
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1456:
1454:
1452:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1355:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1316:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1279:
1182:
1168:
1081:'s 1987 single "
948:Afrika Bambaataa
942:Electronic music
876:Southern hip hop
745:
744:
725:
696:electronic music
692:Linn Electronics
685:
656:
655:
654:
653:
639:
638:
637:
636:
579:. The bass drum
562:Music Technology
544:analog synthesis
474:
473:
453:
452:
432:
431:
421:Various patterns
412:
349:the percussion.
343:expression pedal
305:
252:Afrika Bambaataa
217:electronic music
206:analog synthesis
192:manufactured by
168:External control
44:
32:
31:
21:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3481:
3465:
3444:
3423:
3407:
3391:
3375:
3314:
3303:MIDI interfaces
3298:
3277:
3211:
3140:
3094:
3062:
3048:TR-707 / TR-727
2991:
2982:
2751:
2746:
2708:Wayback Machine
2687:
2661:One Two Testing
2655:
2629:"Beat Box Chic"
2627:
2624:
2622:Further reading
2619:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:. 8 August 2017
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2477:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2427:. 21 March 2014
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2262:
2255:
2250:on 23 May 2014.
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1908:The Independent
1899:
1895:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1822:
1811:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1761:
1754:
1743:"Beat Box Chic"
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1711:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1676:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1621:
1596:
1586:
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1493:
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1378:
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1280:
1276:
1271:
1255:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1138:Robbie Williams
1079:Whitney Houston
1015:
1006:Streets of Rage
952:Soulsonic Force
944:
922:. The producer
840:
771:
770:
762:
760:
759:
758:
757:
746:
739:
736:
729:
723:
718:
683:
676:
652:
647:
646:
645:
644:
643:
635:
630:
629:
628:
627:
626:
573:low-pass filter
496:
495:
487:
485:
484:
483:
482:
475:
468:
465:
463:Cowbell trigger
459:
458:
457:
454:
447:
444:
438:
437:
436:
433:
426:
423:
416:
410:
405:
362:microprocessors
339:circuit bending
325:. In 1969, the
319:program rhythms
307:
296:
287:
256:Soulsonic Force
198:program rhythms
163:16 pattern keys
81:
76:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3498:Tadao Kikumoto
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3090:Roland keytars
3087:
3082:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2685:External links
2683:
2682:
2681:
2653:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2602:Sound on Sound
2587:
2555:
2541:Sound on Sound
2527:
2499:
2466:
2438:
2410:
2382:
2348:
2320:
2292:
2253:
2228:
2196:
2162:
2136:
2108:
2097:on 8 July 2019
2072:
2044:
2016:
1988:
1955:
1942:
1922:
1893:
1874:
1845:
1831:Sound on Sound
1809:
1788:
1770:Sound on Sound
1752:
1733:
1702:
1647:
1630:The New Yorker
1594:
1555:
1498:
1491:
1458:
1445:Sound on Sound
1427:
1386:
1339:
1302:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1213:ReBirth RB-338
1184:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1126:Britney Spears
1044:Clics modernos
1019:The New Yorker
1014:
1011:
964:Detroit techno
943:
940:
897:The New Yorker
868:The New Yorker
839:
836:
816:Sexual Healing
776:cult following
761:
750:Sexual Healing
747:
737:
732:
731:
730:
721:
720:
719:
717:
714:
675:
672:
648:
631:
622:time signature
606:step sequencer
590:The New Yorker
486:
476:
466:
461:
460:
455:
445:
442:Accent trigger
440:
439:
434:
424:
419:
418:
417:
408:
407:
406:
404:
401:
309:In the 1960s,
288:
286:
283:
260:Sexual Healing
232:cult following
221:semiconductors
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
142:
136:
135:
132:
125:
124:
116:
115:Synthesis type
112:
111:
108:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
87:
86:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3571:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Drum machines
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
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3488:
3484:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:Effects units
3410:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
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3200:
3198:
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3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
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3163:
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3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
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3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
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3078:
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3009:
3006:
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2998:
2994:
2989:
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2799:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
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2750:
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2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2699:
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2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
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2642:
2638:
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2630:
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2604:
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2559:
2543:
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2537:
2531:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2455:
2454:
2453:Rolling Stone
2449:
2442:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2371:
2367:
2363:
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2244:
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2232:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1975:Rolling Stone
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1945:
1943:2-88479-037-3
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1889:
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1878:
1863:
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1261:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1219:developed by
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1181:
1167:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:Psycho Killer
1060:
1057:, the singer
1056:
1055:
1051:concert film
1050:
1049:Talking Heads
1046:
1045:
1040:
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3449:Boss effects
3387:Roland Cloud
3216:Workstations
3037:
2756:Synthesizers
2660:
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2607:. Retrieved
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2123:The Guardian
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1365:The Guardian
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1324:
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1287:
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1224:
1210:
1191:
1102:David Guetta
1090:Damon Albarn
1087:
1067:Phil Collins
1052:
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1036:
1032:ad infinitum
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1001:Yuzo Koshiro
993:rave culture
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932:Beastie Boys
920:nuclear test
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860:Public Enemy
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668:synthesizers
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571:oscillator,
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479:Roland JX-3P
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308:
303:Ableton Live
299:Robert Henke
295:
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268:
229:
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190:drum machine
185:
181:
179:
153:Input/output
53:Manufacturer
29:
27:Drum machine
3544:Grooveboxes
3403:Jazz Chorus
3099:Grooveboxes
2963:Roland VK-8
2958:Roland VK-7
2938:System-100M
2609:27 November
2520:13 November
2514:Music Radar
2492:14 November
2065:30 November
1888:DB Magazine
1781:25 November
1231:Grooveboxes
1215:, an early
1098:Fatboy Slim
1059:David Byrne
956:Planet Rock
936:Paul Revere
881:The rapper
812:Marvin Gaye
754:Marvin Gaye
554:white noise
481:synthesizer
397:transistors
315:home organs
285:Development
271:hit records
264:Marvin Gaye
248:Planet Rock
122:subtractive
75:US$ 1,195
3523:Categories
3419:Space Echo
3396:Amplifiers
3282:Sequencers
2943:System 700
2933:System 100
2908:SH-01 Gaia
2858:Jupiter-50
2853:Jupiter-80
2763:Alpha Juno
2459:16 January
2431:19 January
2335:La Tercera
2313:20 January
2285:16 January
2221:16 January
2189:16 January
2101:16 January
2090:Flavorwire
2009:16 January
1981:16 January
1915:16 January
1867:16 January
1726:16 January
1695:16 January
1640:16 January
1635:Condé Nast
1548:16 January
1451:16 January
1420:16 January
1379:16 January
1332:16 January
1269:References
1156:Successors
1061:performs "
997:acid house
974:post-disco
960:Miami bass
924:Rick Rubin
901:trap music
883:Kanye West
864:Bomb Squad
848:rock music
824:Flavorwire
780:electronic
766:media help
680:list price
612:and place
491:media help
323:bossa nova
106:Timbrality
3013:HandSonic
2848:Jupiter-8
2843:Jupiter-6
2838:Jupiter-4
2669:0265-7139
2649:483899345
2641:0957-6606
2486:MusicTech
2370:1091-2339
2280:0261-3077
2215:Pitchfork
2184:1091-2339
2155:4 January
2037:24 August
1838:3 January
1720:Roland US
1582:0951-5143
1543:1091-2339
1374:0261-3077
1326:The Verge
1295:6 January
1246:Behringer
1226:MusicTech
1122:Lil Wayne
1106:New Order
1028:sequences
989:Esperanto
981:808 State
946:In 1982,
928:basslines
856:LL Cool J
716:Influence
688:Linn LM-1
684:US$ 1,195
500:bass drum
381:sequences
331:Don Lewis
236:bass drum
227:in 1983.
202:Linn LM-1
96:Polyphony
82:¥150,000
67:1980–1983
3380:Software
3223:Fantom-X
3145:Samplers
3080:AX-Synth
2818:Juno-106
2704:Archived
2677:14985145
2580:21 March
2424:BBC News
2403:21 March
2375:21 March
2341:17 April
2243:MTV News
2003:CBC News
1775:Archived
1415:CBC News
1289:The Wire
1253:See also
950:and the
891:, which
804:Monitors
802:and the
790:CBC News
786:genres.
660:DIN sync
610:measures
524:handclap
335:Ace Tone
254:and the
172:DIN sync
159:Keyboard
3470:Founder
3361:SC-8850
3336:JV-2080
3331:JV-1080
3319:Modules
3310:MPU-401
3085:AX-Edge
3067:Keytars
3058:V-Drums
3018:Octapad
2968:V-Synth
2923:SH-1000
2833:Juno-Gi
2813:Juno-60
2808:JP-8000
2129:6 April
1146:Rihanna
1142:Madonna
1134:R Kelly
1130:Beyoncé
1110:Outkast
1071:looping
1009:games.
852:Run-DMC
838:Hip hop
810:artist
808:R&B
784:hip hop
674:Release
614:accents
585:flatten
532:cowbell
516:rimshot
393:samples
244:hip hop
210:samples
188:, is a
140:Effects
129:Storage
3508:V-MODA
3493:D-Beam
3428:Organs
3346:MKS-80
3341:MKS-20
3326:JD-990
3273:SP-808
3268:SP-606
3263:SP-555
3258:SP-505
3253:SP-404
3248:SP-303
3243:SP-202
3207:SP-808
3202:SP-606
3197:SP-555
3192:SP-505
3187:SP-404
3182:SP-303
3177:SP-202
3136:SP-808
3131:MC-909
3126:MC-808
3121:MC-505
3116:MC-307
3111:MC-303
3076:
3053:TR-505
3043:TR-909
3038:TR-808
3033:TR-606
3008:DDR-30
2973:VP-330
2948:TB-303
2918:SH-201
2913:SH-101
2888:RS-202
2883:MC-202
2878:JX-305
2828:Juno-G
2823:Juno-D
2798:JD-800
2793:GR-500
2788:GR-300
2675:
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1949:20 May
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1262:(film)
1198:techno
1194:TR-909
916:Strafe
598:breaks
540:hi-hat
536:cymbal
528:maraca
520:claves
389:memory
347:accent
225:TR-909
174:in/out
131:memory
119:Analog
58:Roland
18:Tr-808
3486:Other
3371:U-220
3366:U-110
3356:SC-55
3351:MT-32
3238:XP-80
3233:XP-50
3172:S-220
3152:DJ-70
3003:CR-78
2978:XP-30
2928:SH-3A
2903:S-220
2873:JX-10
2868:JX-8P
2863:JX-3P
2803:JD-XA
2397:Salon
2362:Slate
2176:Slate
2150:Wired
1890:: 32.
1573:DJMag
1534:Slate
1202:house
1150:Kesha
1114:Kelis
1094:Diplo
1075:fills
1024:Slate
969:Slate
912:Slate
905:retro
893:Slate
831:DJMag
618:tempo
602:rolls
581:decay
512:conga
504:snare
385:decay
377:demos
262:" by
258:and "
250:" by
240:dance
80:765
72:Price
64:Dates
3503:Boss
3461:HM-2
3456:DS-1
3440:VK-8
3435:VK-7
3294:MC-8
3289:MC-4
3228:W-30
3167:S-50
3162:S-10
3157:MS-1
3074:AX-7
2953:U-20
2898:S-50
2893:S-10
2783:GR-1
2778:E-20
2773:D-70
2768:D-50
2673:OCLC
2665:ISSN
2645:OCLC
2637:ISSN
2611:2020
2582:2018
2570:Fact
2550:2017
2522:2019
2494:2020
2461:2014
2433:2016
2405:2018
2377:2018
2366:ISSN
2343:2022
2315:2024
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2223:2017
2191:2016
2180:ISSN
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2131:2018
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2059:Fact
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2031:Fact
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1983:2016
1951:2011
1938:ISBN
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