657:. "Thrasymachos: … I know these expressions from my professor, but only as predicates of a loving God with whom his philosophy was exclusively concerned, as is only right and proper. Namely, if God is situated within the world, he is immanent; if he resides somewhere outside, he is transcendent. … Philalethes: Transcendent knowledge is that which, going beyond all possibility of experience, strives to determine the nature of things as they are in themselves; immanent knowledge, on the other hand, is that which keeps within the bounds of the possibility of experience, but thus can speak only of phenomena." In Schopenhauer’s German: "Thrasymachos: … Mir sind diese Ausdrücke zwar auch bekannt, von meinem Professor her, aber nur als Prädikate des lieben Gottes, mit welchem seine Philosophie, wie sich das eben auch geziemt, es ausschließlich zu tun hatte. Steckt nämlich der in der Welt drinne, so ist er immanent: sitzt er aber irgendwo draußen, so ist er transzendent …. Philalethes: Transzendente Erkenntnis ist die, welche, über alle Möglichkeit der Erfahrung hinausgehend, das Wesen der Dinge, wie sie an sich selbst sind, zu bestimmen anstrebt; immanente Erkenntnis hingegen die, welche sich innerhalb der Schranken der Möglichkeit der Erfahrung hält, daher aber auch nur von Erscheinungen reden kann."
315:
seek to provide a framework for understanding the world that is not reliant on religious beliefs or supernatural forces. Religious definitions of transcendence, on the other hand, often emphasize the idea of connecting with something beyond the self or the material world, and may focus on concepts such as God, the soul, or the afterlife. These definitions are often grounded in faith and revelation, and may be seen as offering a way to access a higher or divine reality that cannot be directly observed or explained through reason alone.
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is sometimes called a transcendence. Additionally, if the other is viewed strictly as an object, much like any other object, then the other is, for the for-itself, a transcendence-transcended. When the for-itself grasps the other in the others world, and grasps the subjectivity that the other has, it
242:'s argument that certain general features of objects (e.g. persistence, causal relationships) cannot be derived from the sense impressions we have of them. Kant argues that the mind must contribute those features and make it possible for us to experience objects as objects. In the central part of his
359:
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is held by some philosophical and metaphysical theories of divine presence. Immanence is usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that
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Philosophical definitions of transcendence often emphasize the idea of going beyond or exceeding the limits of human experience, and may focus on concepts such as rationality, consciousness, or the nature of reality. These definitions are generally grounded in reason and empirical observation, and
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While there may be some overlap between these two definitions of transcendence, they are ultimately grounded in different epistemological frameworks and ways of understanding the world. Therefore, the scope derived from the philosophical definition of transcendence could contain the scope derived
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with that which is "... in respect of the subject's faculty of cognition." Something is transcendental if it plays a role in the way in which the mind "constitutes" objects and makes it possible for us to experience them as objects in the first place. Ordinary knowledge is knowledge of objects;
251:
A metaphilosophical question discussed by many
Kantian scholars is what transcendental reflection is and how transcendental reflection is itself possible. Valentin Balanovskiy shows that this is a special instrument inherent in our consciousness, something by what individuals can distinguish
248:, the "Transcendental Deduction of the Categories", Kant argues for a deep interconnection between the ability to have consciousness of self and the ability to experience a world of objects. Through a process of synthesis, the mind generates both the structure of objects and its own unity.
120:). Transcendence can be attributed to the divine not only in its being, but also in its knowledge. Thus, God may transcend both the universe and knowledge (is beyond the grasp of the human mind). Although transcendence is defined as the opposite of immanence, the two are not necessarily
319:
from the religious definition of transcendence, but not vice versa. This is because the philosophical definition of transcendence is broader and more abstract than the religious definition, which is more specific and focused on a particular faith or belief system.
519:"Transcendence in Philosophy and in Everyday Life, Author(s): JOHN LACHS Source: The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 1997, New Series, Vol. 11, No. 4 (1997), pp. 247-255 Published by: Penn State University Press"
544:"Referential Transcendence, Author(s): Roy Wood Sellars, Source: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Sep., 1961, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Sep., 1961), pp. 1-15 Published by: International Phenomenological Society"
754:, "Faith as Kant's Key to the Justification of Transcendental Reflection", The Heythrop Journal 25:4 (October 1984), pp.442-455. A revised version of this paper appeared as Chapter V in Palmquist's book,
81:, transcendence is a state of being that has overcome the limitations of physical existence and by some definitions has also become independent of it. This is typically manifested in
260:'s counter-argument to Kant was that to know a boundary is also to be aware of what it bounds and as such what lies beyond it – in other words, to have already transcended it.
51:
observation and seek to provide a framework for understanding the world that is not reliant on religious beliefs or supernatural forces. "Transcendental" is a word derived from the
3889:
73:, transcendence refers to the aspect of God's nature and power which is wholly independent of the material universe, beyond all physical laws. This is contrasted with
666:"I call all cognition transcendental that is occupied not so much with objects but rather with our mode of cognition of objects insofar as this is to be possible
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360:
the spiritual world permeates the mundane. It is often contrasted with theories of transcendence, in which the divine is seen to be outside the material world.
282:, Sartre uses transcendence to describe the relation of the self to the object-oriented world, as well as our concrete relations with others. For Sartre, the
842:
256:. For Kant, the "transcendent", as opposed to the "transcendental", is that which lies beyond what our faculty of knowledge can legitimately know.
335:" is believed to be psychometrically measurable, and (at least partially) inherited, and has been incorporated as a personality dimension in the
238:
transcendental knowledge is knowledge of how it is possible for us to experience those objects as objects. This is based on Kant's acceptance of
813:"Transcendence and Immanence, Chin-Tai Kim, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 537-549 (13 pages)"
494:"Transcendence and Immanence, Chin-Tai Kim, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 537-549 (13 pages)"
272:, the "transcendent" is that which transcends our own consciousness: that which is objective rather than only a phenomenon of consciousness.
327:
In everyday language, "transcendence" means "going beyond", and "self-transcendence" means going beyond a prior form or state of oneself.
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experience is thought of as a particularly advanced state of self-transcendence, in which the sense of a separate self is abandoned. "
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presented the difference between transcendent and immanent in the form of a dialogue. The dialogists were
Thrasymachos, a student of
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if it is occupied, not with objects, but with the way that we can possibly know objects even before we experience them." Therefore,
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31:), of climbing or going beyond, albeit with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages. It includes
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themselves from any other objects of reality. Stephen
Palmquist argues that Kant's solution to this problem is an appeal to
172:) to indicate concepts like Being, Thing, Something, which are so general not to be included in the definitions of species,
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Cloninger, C.R.; Svrakic, DM; Przybeck, TR (December 1993). "A psychobiological model of temperament and character".
77:, where a god is said to be fully present in the physical world and thus accessible to creatures in various ways. In
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is referred to as transcending-transcendence. Thus, Sartre defines relations with others in terms of transcendence.
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230:. Transcendental philosophy, consequently, is not considered a traditional ontological form of metaphysics.
208:, the latter meaning "that which goes beyond" (transcends) any possible knowledge of a human being. For him
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Sartre, Jean-Paul. Being and
Nothingness. Trans. Hazel E. Barnes. New York: Washington Square Press, 1956.
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298:. He critically discussed transcendental pragmatism and the relation between transcendental philosophy,
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116:) that exists exclusively in the physical order (immanentism), or indistinguishable from it (
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with a holistic approach. Holz distanced transcendental philosophy from the convergence of
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of various religious traditions affirm that a god is both within and beyond the universe (
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meant knowledge about our cognitive faculty with regard to how objects are possible
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571:. (Blackwell Philosopher Dictionaries), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2000, p. 398
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Contemporary transcendental philosophy is developed by German philosopher
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136:); in it, but not of it; simultaneously pervading it and surpassing it.
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Aldous Huxley on Self-Transcedence - The Epilog of The Devils of Loudun
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906:(Lanham: University Press of America, 1993). See especially Part Two.
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is the basic ground concept from the word's literal meaning (from
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of being. These definitions are generally grounded in reason and
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607:"Baruch Spinoza's Ethics, Part, II, Proposition 40, Scholium 1"
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It is affirmed in various religious traditions' concept of the
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and Allen Wood, Cambridge
University Press, 1998. p. 149 (B25)
16:
Concept designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings
3890:
Concluding
Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
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347:, although this has been criticized by commentators such as
226:, as a fundamental and universal theory, turns out to be an
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55:, designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings.
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109:
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3830:
A Treatise
Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
533:
508:
309:
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717:
Proceedings of the XXIII World
Congress of Philosophy
339:. The discovery of this is described in the book
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192:, thus instituting a new, third meaning. In his
164:used the expression "transcendental terms" (in
276:also speaks of transcendence in his works. In
200:of knowledge itself. He also opposed the term
3021:
925:
558:
758:(Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).
713:"What is Kant's Transcendental Reflection?"
710:
39:(theory of being), but as the framework of
3028:
3014:
932:
918:
582:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Transcendentalism"
354:
263:
870:Suhrawardi and the School of Illumination
770:
408:Transcendental hermeneutic phenomenology
574:
108:, which contrasts with the notion of a
58:
4077:
867:
837:
3860:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
3009:
2671:
1413:
951:
913:
628:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
196:, this concept is concerned with the
3960:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
3880:The World as Will and Representation
791:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
139:
337:Temperament and Character Inventory
322:
310:Comparison to religious definitions
13:
4115:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
14:
4186:
891:
674:of such concepts would be called
4155:Religious philosophical concepts
4062:
4050:
4023:
4013:
4012:
2989:
2988:
2975:
3810:Meditations on First Philosophy
3035:
831:
761:
745:
704:
689:
655:Kantian Transcendental Idealist
645:, Volume 2, Chapter 10, § 141,
939:
779:Archives of General Psychiatry
711:Balanovskiy, Valentin (2018).
660:
633:
613:
599:
1:
2672:
904:Kant's System of Perspectives
756:Kant's System of Perspectives
476:
3995:Philosophy of space and time
2461:Ordinary language philosophy
952:
7:
3870:The Phenomenology of Spirit
2511:Contemporary utilitarianism
2426:Internalism and externalism
868:Razavi, Mehdi Amin (1997).
682:. Edited and translated by
388:Maslow's hierarchy of needs
363:
10:
4191:
1775:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1414:
418:Transcendental materialism
143:
62:
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3932:
3731:
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3199:
3043:
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2921:
2821:
2783:
2730:
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2529:
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1424:
1420:
1409:
1348:
1320:
1277:
1229:
1186:
1139:
1111:
1063:
1035:
997:Philosophy of mathematics
987:Philosophy of information
962:
958:
947:
676:transcendental philosophy
438:Transcendental nominalism
428:Transcendental naturalism
423:Transcendental Meditation
403:Transcendental empiricism
4105:Concepts in epistemology
3985:Philosophy of psychology
3920:Simulacra and Simulation
642:Parerga and Paralipomena
377:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
218:. "I call all knowledge
198:condition of possibility
170:termini transcendentales
150:Transcendental arguments
65:Transcendence (religion)
4110:Metaphysical properties
3850:Critique of Pure Reason
2466:Postanalytic philosophy
2407:Experimental philosophy
729:10.5840/wcp232018751730
680:Critique of Pure Reason
622:Critique of Pure Reason
609:(in Latin and English).
433:Transcendental nihilism
413:Transcendental humanism
355:Comparison to Immanence
264:Contemporary philosophy
245:Critique of Pure Reason
188:introduced a new term,
146:Transcendental idealism
4175:Unitarian Universalism
4150:Philosophy of religion
4100:Concepts in aesthetics
3441:Type–token distinction
3269:Hypostatic abstraction
3051:Abstract object theory
2599:Social constructionism
1611:Hellenistic philosophy
1027:Theoretical philosophy
1002:Philosophy of religion
992:Philosophy of language
843:"Is God in Our Genes?"
448:Transcendental Thomism
443:Transcendental realism
4030:Philosophy portal
3910:Being and Nothingness
3326:Mental representation
2982:Philosophy portal
2501:Scientific skepticism
2481:Reformed epistemology
1007:Philosophy of science
653:, and Philalethes, a
279:Being and Nothingness
144:Further information:
4145:Perennial philosophy
3955:Feminist metaphysics
2402:Critical rationalism
2109:Edo neo-Confucianism
1953:Acintya bheda abheda
1932:Renaissance humanism
1643:School of the Sextii
1017:Practical philosophy
1012:Political philosophy
698:Critique of Judgment
79:religious experience
59:Religious definition
3800:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
3311:Linguistic modality
1973:Nimbarka Sampradaya
1884:Korean Confucianism
1631:Academic Skepticism
902:Stephen Palmquist,
855:on 10 November 2006
841:(17 October 2004).
678:." Kant, Immanuel.
194:theory of knowledge
3990:Philosophy of self
3980:Philosophy of mind
3244:Embodied cognition
3156:Scientific realism
2594:Post-structuralism
2496:Scientific realism
2451:Quinean naturalism
2431:Logical positivism
2387:Analytical Marxism
1606:Peripatetic school
1518:Chinese naturalism
1045:Aesthetic response
972:Applied philosophy
467:, the traditional
333:Self-transcendence
122:mutually exclusive
43:and validation of
4170:Transcendentalism
4038:
4037:
3217:Category of being
3186:Truthmaker theory
3003:
3002:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2382:Analytic feminism
2354:
2353:
2316:Kierkegaardianism
2278:Transcendentalism
2238:Neo-scholasticism
2084:Classical Realism
2061:
2060:
1833:
1832:
1648:Neopythagoreanism
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1022:Social philosophy
752:Stephen Palmquist
738:978-1-63435-038-9
701:, Introduction, V
586:www.newadvent.org
569:A Kant Dictionary
453:Transcendentalism
182:modern philosophy
140:Modern philosophy
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3745:
3421:Substantial form
3233:Cogito, ergo sum
3176:Substance theory
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2669:
2668:
2559:Frankfurt School
2506:Transactionalism
2456:Normative ethics
2436:Legal positivism
2412:Falsificationism
2397:Consequentialism
2392:Communitarianism
2365:
2364:
2233:New Confucianism
2072:
2071:
1879:Neo-Confucianism
1844:
1843:
1653:Second Sophistic
1638:Middle Platonism
1481:
1480:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1254:Epiphenomenalism
1121:Consequentialism
1055:Institutionalism
960:
959:
949:
948:
934:
927:
920:
911:
910:
887:
864:
862:
860:
851:. Archived from
825:
824:
809:
803:
802:
774:
768:
765:
759:
749:
743:
742:
708:
702:
695:Kant, Immanuel,
693:
687:
664:
658:
637:
631:
617:
611:
610:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
578:
572:
562:
556:
555:
540:
531:
530:
515:
506:
505:
490:
323:Colloquial usage
302:, and so-called
274:Jean-Paul Sartre
4190:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4004:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3770:De rerum natura
3763:
3753:
3743:
3727:
3467:
3371:Physical object
3207:Abstract object
3195:
3181:Theory of forms
3116:Meaning of life
3039:
3034:
3004:
2999:
2976:
2974:
2953:
2917:
2817:
2779:
2726:
2680:
2679:
2651:
2640:Russian cosmism
2613:
2609:Western Marxism
2574:New Historicism
2539:Critical theory
2525:
2521:Wittgensteinian
2417:Foundationalism
2350:
2287:
2268:Social contract
2124:Foundationalism
2057:
2039:
2023:Illuminationism
2008:Aristotelianism
1994:
1983:Vishishtadvaita
1936:
1888:
1829:
1796:
1667:
1596:Megarian school
1591:Eretrian school
1532:
1493:Agriculturalism
1470:
1416:
1397:
1344:
1316:
1273:
1225:
1182:
1166:Incompatibilism
1135:
1107:
1059:
1031:
954:
943:
938:
894:
884:
858:
856:
839:Kluger, Jeffrey
834:
829:
828:
811:
810:
806:
775:
771:
766:
762:
750:
746:
739:
709:
705:
694:
690:
665:
661:
651:German Idealism
638:
634:
618:
614:
605:
604:
600:
590:
588:
580:
579:
575:
565:Caygill, Howard
563:
559:
542:
541:
534:
517:
516:
509:
492:
491:
484:
479:
474:
458:Transcendentals
366:
357:
325:
312:
266:
152:
142:
67:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4188:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3933:Related topics
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3906:
3900:Being and Time
3896:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3473:Metaphysicians
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3227:Causal closure
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Libertarianism
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Existentialism
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2785:Middle Eastern
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Existentialism
2546:
2544:Deconstruction
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Applied ethics
2373:
2371:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2341:Nietzscheanism
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2283:Utilitarianism
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2181:Transcendental
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:Existentialism
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Augustinianism
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1820:Zoroastrianism
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1663:Church Fathers
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1178:Libertarianism
1175:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
982:Metaphilosophy
979:
974:
968:
966:
956:
955:
945:
944:
937:
936:
929:
922:
914:
908:
907:
900:
893:
892:External links
890:
889:
888:
882:
865:
833:
830:
827:
826:
804:
785:(12): 975–90.
769:
760:
744:
737:
703:
688:
659:
632:
612:
598:
573:
557:
532:
507:
481:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
373:
367:
365:
362:
356:
353:
324:
321:
311:
308:
300:neo-empiricism
296:neo-Kantianism
265:
262:
235:transcendental
220:transcendental
210:transcendental
202:transcendental
190:transcendental
162:Baruch Spinoza
141:
138:
130:metaphysicians
60:
57:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4187:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Phenomenology
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:Notable works
3730:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Phenomenalism
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Action theory
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:Miscellaneous
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
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2589:Postmodernism
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2188:Individualism
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2053:Judeo-Islamic
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2033:
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2029:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2026:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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1363:Conceptualism
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1292:Particularism
1290:
1288:
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1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Functionalism
1257:
1255:
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1244:Eliminativism
1242:
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1234:
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1149:Compatibilism
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1088:Particularism
1086:
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883:0-7007-0412-4
879:
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520:
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512:
503:
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495:
489:
487:
482:
471:understanding
470:
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361:
352:
350:
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342:
338:
334:
330:
320:
316:
307:
305:
304:postmodernism
301:
297:
293:
288:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:phenomenology
261:
259:
255:
249:
247:
246:
241:
236:
233:Kant equated
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Immanuel Kant
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:transcendence
22:
4160:Spirituality
3950:Epistemology
3918:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3760:Nyāya Sūtras
3758:
3748:
3738:
3720:
3636:Wittgenstein
3581:Schopenhauer
3460:
3451:Unobservable
3301:Intelligence
3231:
3171:Subjectivism
3166:Spiritualism
3081:Essentialism
3061:Anti-realism
2987:
2973:
2644:
2635:Postcritique
2625:Kyoto School
2584:Posthumanism
2564:Hermeneutics
2419: /
2360:Contemporary
2336:Newtonianism
2299:Cartesianism
2258:Reductionism
2094:Conservatism
2089:Collectivism
2027:
1755:Sarvāstivadā
1733:Anekantavada
1658:Neoplatonism
1626:Epicureanism
1559:Pythagoreans
1498:Confucianism
1464:Contemporary
1454:Early modern
1358:Anti-realism
1312:Universalism
1269:Subjectivism
1065:Epistemology
869:
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
846:
832:Bibliography
807:
782:
778:
772:
763:
747:
720:
716:
706:
696:
691:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
647:Schopenhauer
640:
635:
626:
620:
615:
601:
591:25 September
589:. Retrieved
585:
576:
568:
560:
462:
375:
358:
341:The God Gene
340:
326:
317:
313:
289:
277:
267:
250:
243:
234:
232:
228:epistemology
219:
213:
209:
206:transcendent
205:
204:to the term
201:
189:
169:
155:
153:
103:
95:psychedelics
68:
33:philosophies
24:
18:
4135:Panentheism
3780:Metaphysics
3764:(c. 200 BC)
3754:(c. 350 BC)
3744:(c. 350 BC)
3631:Collingwood
3536:Malebranche
3284:Information
3212:Anima mundi
3191:Type theory
3146:Physicalism
3111:Materialism
3066:Determinism
3037:Metaphysics
2630:Objectivism
2569:Neo-Marxism
2531:Continental
2441:Meta-ethics
2421:Coherentism
2326:Hegelianism
2263:Rationalism
2223:Natural law
2203:Materialism
2129:Historicism
2099:Determinism
1990:Navya-Nyāya
1765:Sautrāntika
1760:Pudgalavada
1696:Vaisheshika
1549:Presocratic
1449:Renaissance
1388:Physicalism
1373:Materialism
1279:Normativity
1264:Objectivism
1249:Emergentism
1239:Behaviorism
1188:Metaphysics
1154:Determinism
1093:Rationalism
469:kabbalistic
393:Materialism
349:Carl Zimmer
292:Harald Holz
224:metaphysics
134:panentheism
126:theologians
101:"visions".
4125:Nonduality
4120:Kantianism
4090:Aesthetics
4079:Categories
4057:Philosophy
3840:Monadology
3774:(c. 80 BC)
3481:Parmenides
3366:Perception
3264:Experience
3151:Relativism
3126:Naturalism
3076:Enactivism
2929:Amerindian
2836:Australian
2775:Vietnamese
2755:Indonesian
2304:Kantianism
2253:Positivism
2243:Pragmatism
2218:Naturalism
2198:Liberalism
2176:Subjective
2114:Empiricism
2018:Avicennism
1963:Bhedabheda
1847:East Asian
1770:Madhyamaka
1750:Abhidharma
1616:Pyrrhonism
1383:Nominalism
1378:Naturalism
1307:Skepticism
1297:Relativism
1287:Absolutism
1216:Naturalism
1126:Deontology
1098:Skepticism
1083:Naturalism
1073:Empiricism
1037:Aesthetics
941:Philosophy
684:Paul Guyer
477:References
345:Dean Hamer
284:for-itself
240:David Hume
99:paranormal
91:meditation
63:See also:
53:scholastic
21:philosophy
4140:Pantheism
4000:Teleology
3965:Mereology
3945:Cosmology
3804:(c. 1000)
3701:Plantinga
3691:Armstrong
3641:Heidegger
3616:Whitehead
3601:Nietzsche
3521:Descartes
3491:Aristotle
3446:Universal
3376:Principle
3346:Necessity
3306:Intention
3259:Existence
3222:Causality
3161:Solipsism
3091:Free will
2808:Pakistani
2770:Taiwanese
2717:Ethiopian
2690:By region
2676:By region
2491:Scientism
2486:Systemics
2346:Spinozism
2273:Socialism
2208:Modernism
2171:Objective
2079:Anarchism
2013:Averroism
1902:Christian
1854:Neotaoism
1825:Zurvanism
1815:Mithraism
1810:Mazdakism
1581:Cyrenaics
1508:Logicians
1141:Free will
1103:Solipsism
1050:Formalism
874:Routledge
723:: 17–27.
383:Immanence
118:pantheism
112:(or, the
75:immanence
49:empirical
45:knowledge
41:emergence
4130:Ontology
4095:The arts
4085:A priori
4069:Religion
4018:Category
3940:Axiology
3794:(c. 270)
3722:more ...
3676:Anscombe
3671:Strawson
3666:Davidson
3561:Berkeley
3501:Plotinus
3462:more ...
3401:Relation
3381:Property
3356:Ontology
3279:Identity
3200:Concepts
3131:Nihilism
3096:Idealism
3044:Theories
2994:Category
2949:Yugoslav
2939:Romanian
2846:Scottish
2831:American
2760:Japanese
2740:Buddhist
2722:Africana
2712:Egyptian
2554:Feminist
2476:Rawlsian
2471:Quietism
2369:Analytic
2321:Krausism
2228:Nihilism
2193:Kokugaku
2156:Absolute
2151:Idealism
2139:Humanism
1927:Occamism
1894:European
1839:Medieval
1785:Yogacara
1745:Buddhist
1738:Syādvāda
1621:Stoicism
1586:Cynicism
1574:Sophists
1569:Atomists
1564:Eleatics
1503:Legalism
1444:Medieval
1368:Idealism
1322:Ontology
1302:Nihilism
1206:Idealism
964:Branches
953:Branches
668:a priori
527:25670227
464:Tzimtzum
371:God gene
364:See also
329:Mystical
215:a priori
178:category
114:Absolute
71:religion
37:ontology
4165:Thought
4043:Portals
3790:Enneads
3784:(c. 50)
3750:Timaeus
3740:Sophist
3686:Dummett
3681:Deleuze
3621:Russell
3611:Bergson
3606:Meinong
3586:Bolzano
3546:Leibniz
3526:Spinoza
3511:Aquinas
3496:Proclus
3426:Thought
3416:Subject
3396:Reality
3391:Quality
3361:Pattern
3321:Meaning
3296:Insight
3254:Essence
3239:Concept
3141:Realism
3106:Liberty
3071:Dualism
2944:Russian
2913:Spanish
2908:Slovene
2898:Maltese
2893:Italian
2873:Finland
2841:British
2823:Western
2813:Turkish
2798:Islamic
2793:Iranian
2745:Chinese
2732:Eastern
2699:African
2646:more...
2331:Marxism
2161:British
2104:Dualism
2000:Islamic
1958:Advaita
1948:Vedanta
1922:Scotism
1917:Thomism
1859:Tiantai
1802:Persian
1790:Tibetan
1780:Śūnyatā
1721:Cārvāka
1711:Ājīvika
1706:Mīmāṃsā
1686:Samkhya
1601:Academy
1554:Ionians
1528:Yangism
1485:Chinese
1476:Ancient
1439:Western
1434:Ancient
1393:Realism
1350:Reality
1340:Process
1221:Realism
1201:Dualism
1196:Atomism
1078:Fideism
821:1464069
799:8250684
552:2104604
502:1464069
124:. Some
3924:(1981)
3914:(1943)
3904:(1927)
3894:(1846)
3884:(1818)
3874:(1807)
3864:(1783)
3854:(1781)
3844:(1714)
3834:(1710)
3824:(1677)
3820:Ethics
3814:(1641)
3716:Parfit
3706:Kripke
3696:Putnam
3656:Sartre
3646:Carnap
3596:Peirce
3541:Newton
3516:Suárez
3506:Scotus
3386:Qualia
3351:Object
3341:Nature
3336:Motion
3316:Matter
3249:Entity
3121:Monism
2903:Polish
2883:German
2878:French
2863:Danish
2853:Canada
2803:Jewish
2765:Korean
2750:Indian
2292:People
2213:Monism
2166:German
2134:Holism
2067:Modern
2045:Jewish
1968:Dvaita
1941:Indian
1864:Huayan
1716:Ajñana
1673:Indian
1538:Greco-
1523:Taoism
1513:Mohism
1459:Modern
1426:By era
1415:By era
1330:Action
1211:Monism
1131:Virtue
1113:Ethics
880:
859:29 May
819:
797:
735:
672:system
550:
525:
500:
157:Ethics
106:divine
87:séance
83:prayer
3970:Meta-
3711:Lewis
3661:Quine
3626:Moore
3591:Lotze
3576:Hegel
3551:Wolff
3531:Locke
3486:Plato
3456:Value
3436:Truth
2934:Aztec
2888:Greek
2868:Dutch
2858:Czech
2707:Bantu
2144:Anti-
1691:Nyaya
1681:Hindu
1541:Roman
1335:Event
977:Logic
817:JSTOR
548:JSTOR
523:JSTOR
498:JSTOR
258:Hegel
254:faith
180:. In
174:genus
166:Latin
29:Latin
3651:Ryle
3571:Kant
3566:Hume
3556:Reid
3431:Time
3411:Soul
3406:Self
3331:Mind
3289:Data
3274:Idea
2035:Sufi
1869:Chan
1728:Jain
1701:Yoga
1231:Mind
1171:Hard
1159:Hard
878:ISBN
861:2007
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