1509:
1439:. During its existence, six parties registered to compete in elections at different points of its history. Until the military coup of 1987, the Transkei National Independence Party remained the ruling party, while the Transkei People's Freedom Party constituted the official opposition. Because its founder, Cromwell Diko, was a former member of the ruling party, and due to its continued support of President Matanzima's policies, there is a widely held belief that it was actually initiated by Matanzima himself to give the impression of free elections when in fact there were none. Other parties that existed never gained any representation in parliament.
3446:
4369:
4526:
3874:
3835:
3646:
4169:
444:
3215:
131:
1468:, regardless of a person's place of birth; in addition, any individual born within the republic's territory was eligible for citizenship, excluding those whose father held diplomatic immunity or was deemed an illegal immigrant and whose mother was a non-citizen. Dual citizenship at birth was not permitted, and renunciation of one's citizenship was legally possible, but rendered the individual stateless in most cases. In effect, the regulations thus created an almost homogeneous population of Xhosa ethnicity, though exceptions existed.
1501:
69:
3714:
1628:
3937:
530:
3516:
4243:
1902:
839:
469:
3607:
4471:
4298:
4090:
55:
6979:
4035:
3753:
3667:
4408:
3537:
1612:
the total population of the
Transkei increased from 2,487,000 to 3,005,000 between 1960 and 1970. An estimate of 1982 puts the number at about 2.3 million, with approximately 400,000 citizens residing permanently outside the territory's borders. Fewer than 10,000 individuals were of European descent,
1322:
in
December 1987. Holomisa became the Head of State, and the Transkei was from that point onwards effectively in (often uneasy) alliance with the African National Congress and provided a relatively safe area for the ANC's activities. In 1990, Holomisa himself evaded a failed attempt to be ousted from
1291:
In 1987, Transkei, a larger, wealthier and more populous entity, had long sought the annexation of Ciskei, and had undertaken a series of military raids on Ciskei. This included an attack on leader Lennox Sebe's compound, with the apparent goal of taking him hostage, in order to force a merger of the
1442:
According to the
Constitution of Transkei, parliament consisted of the president in joint session with the National Assembly and its laws and legislative decisions were immune to judicial review. Seventy-five of its members were elected by popular vote from the various districts Transkei's territory
1451:
With the establishment of the republic, the citizenry consisted of all those who had been holding the citizenship of the former territory of
Transkei. Individuals were given no choice in this matter as the Transkeian constitution was a legally binding act; for the future, it provided citizenship
1651:
After breaking all diplomatic ties with South Africa, President
Matanzima announced construction-plans for an international airport by an unnamed French consortium in order for "arms and troops from other countries" to be brought into Transkei without touching South African soil, but did not
1178:
referred to
Transkei's "sham independence" as "invalid," re-iterated its labelling of South Africa as a "racist rΓ©gime," and called upon "all overnments to deny any form of recognition to the so-called independent Transkei." An article published in
1247:
should leave. This created the unique situation of a country refusing to deal with the only internationally recognised nation it was recognised by. Matanzima soon backed down in the face of
Transkei's dependence on South African economic aid.
1639:
was formed in
October 1976 and numbered about 2,000, including one infantry battalion and an air wing with two light transporters and two helicopters. By 1993, the number of troops had risen to 4,000. Initial training was provided by the
1134:
justified the declaration of
Transkei as an independent republic by referring to "the right of every people to have full control over its own affairs" and wished "Transkei and its leaders God's richest blessings on the road ahead."
1196:
in 1976, a book in which he argued that true liberation could only be gained through a confederation of black states; he described
Transkei as a positive precedent and maintained that the liberation struggle chosen by the
2509:
2737:
2541:
1284:. Kaiser Matanzima was still described as Transkei's effective leader for a time, but soon the two fell out and Kaiser was temporarily detained in the Transkei gaols in 1987; upon release, he was restricted to
1526:
The Transkei consisted of three disconnected sections with a total area covering 45,000 km (17,000 sq mi). The large main section was bordered by the Umtamvuna River in the north and the
3410:
2483:
3015:
3415:
2372:
1031:, which at one point broke relations with South Africa, the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity. In 1994, it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the
1551:
area to the east, each reflecting colonially designated tribal areas where Xhosa speaking peoples predominated. A large portion of the area was mountainous and not suitable for agriculture.
2604:
867:
1558:
that led to the break in relations was a patch of territory called East Griqualand (which was situated between the main and eastern segments of Transkei with its northern limit at the
1235:
Because of a territorial dispute, Matanzima announced on 10 April 1978 that Transkei would break all diplomatic ties with South Africa, including a unilateral withdrawal from the
6788:
1543:, served as the eastern and western frontiers. A further two small sections occurred as landlocked isolates within South Africa. One of these was in the north-west, along the
2505:
2167:
3777:
3580:
4936:
2454:
2531:
5566:
4424:
4330:
3961:
1945:
984:
860:
7060:
1838:, former Chief of Staff of the Transkei Defence Force 1985β1987, last Transkei's Head of State 1987β1994, South African Member of Parliament, President of the
1327:
soldiers. It was later found that those deemed responsible for the foiled coup had only suffered minor injuries, but were subsequently executed without trial.
6355:
4338:
3914:
2479:
1593:
was permissible in court proceedings and for other administrative purposes. In addition, many thousands of northern Transkei residents spoke a small hybrid
4004:
3980:
3953:
1443:
was divided into. The remaining members were unelected Paramount Chiefs and ex officio chiefs whose number per district was enshrined in the constitution.
3009:
2689:
7040:
6996:
4598:
4267:
2927:
5813:
5517:
4259:
3683:
853:
6958:
6892:
4322:
4212:
2364:
1657:
6965:
3996:
3691:
1280:
On 20 February 1986, faced with South African evidence of corruption, Matanzima was forced to retire as president. He was succeeded by his brother
1189:. He banned local opposition parties and bought farmlands for himself and his family offered by the South African government at subsidised prices.
1140:
My heritage commands me in the name of nationhood to sacrifice the best of my abilities to the advancement of my own nation in its own country .
7050:
6460:
5733:
5524:
4929:
4314:
1644:, and despite its diplomatic isolation, the government of Transkei received advice from and collaborated with Israeli counterinsurgency experts.
5231:
6774:
6753:
6614:
5531:
4542:
2596:
1984:
Neither South Africa nor Lesotho release official statistics on the number of speakers. Its status as a language in its own right is disputed.
1209:
6376:
5726:
4440:
3988:
2258:
1342:
1336:
1085:
130:
7045:
6292:
6208:
5663:
5642:
6746:
5612:
5573:
2652:
2630:
3042:
2050:
6983:
6425:
5781:
5402:
4922:
1265:
and vocal opponent of apartheid, for violating the dignity and injuring the reputation of the president. Dalindyebo went into exile in
1022:
of South Africa. Throughout its existence, it remained an internationally unrecognised, diplomatically isolated, politically unstable
6809:
6670:
6593:
5883:
2971:
2857:
2826:
2793:
2760:
2081:
2007:
500:
3. 28 electoral divisions; number of MPs per division in proportion to number of registered voters per division; at least one MP each
2716:
1251:
During his rule, Matanzima arrested state officials and journalists at will; in late 1979, he detained the head of the newly formed
6951:
6739:
6474:
5806:
2423:
2159:
6732:
6579:
6537:
6285:
6166:
5749:
5284:
5222:
4591:
1935:
1253:
1112:
192:
6830:
6795:
6313:
5510:
2204:
1185:
opined that though Transkei declared independence theoretically as a "free Black state", Matanzima ruled as the dictator of a
6704:
6271:
5365:
2044:
1345:
for a new South Africa. The territory was reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, and the area became part of the
3142:
2337:
Wood, Geoffrey; Mills, Greg (1992), "The present and future role of the Transkei defence force in a changing South Africa",
6920:
6711:
6621:
6243:
3203:
1872:
1673:
1089:
2444:
6857:
6802:
6718:
6565:
6229:
5792:
5459:
5429:
1882:
1508:
2231:
6816:
6781:
6725:
6250:
6215:
5904:
5353:
5342:
4584:
1940:
1116:
1170:
at the time rejected the Transkei's independence and condemned it as "designed to consolidate the inhuman policies of
6600:
6467:
6446:
6404:
5946:
5619:
3181:
3104:
3080:
2402:
2322:
2298:
2123:
1886:
1732:
1103:), although it was recognised only by South Africa and later by the other nominally independent republics within the
948:
1323:
his post, and when asked about the fate of his opponents, he claimed that they had died in the ensuing battles with
6530:
6369:
5538:
5452:
5395:
2138:
1703:
7065:
6760:
6523:
6439:
6320:
6306:
6278:
5545:
5489:
4051:
3515:
3510:
3364:
1205:
1175:
1159:
1081:
5698:
2681:
1319:
341:
6509:
6418:
6173:
5932:
3489:
68:
6663:
6649:
6572:
6453:
6411:
6390:
6264:
5827:
5473:
5195:
2919:
1854:
5705:
6927:
6871:
6697:
6586:
6558:
6495:
6187:
6045:
1816:
1677:
1521:
5712:
6864:
6767:
6642:
6551:
6397:
5756:
1641:
1240:
2564:
1154:
The General Assembly rejects the declaration of "independence" of the Transkei and declares it invalid.
6334:
5855:
5763:
5719:
5496:
5374:
5273:
4903:
1839:
7055:
6878:
6516:
6348:
6341:
6299:
6013:
5960:
5848:
5799:
5580:
5238:
4495:
1693:
1689:
1198:
1167:
610:
110:
1014:
Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa's policy of
6690:
5953:
5605:
4868:
4487:
4067:
3196:
1722:
1270:
2268:
497:"No court of law shall be competent to inquire into or to pronounce upon the validity of any Act."
6327:
6222:
6089:
5939:
5820:
5552:
5335:
5245:
1741:
1432:
1225:
1044:
1004:
510:
5897:
5862:
5064:
4874:
3584:
3470:
2209:, General Assembly of the United Nations, 42nd plenary meeting, 26 October 1976, archived from
1965:
1925:
1645:
1622:
1300:
1244:
696:
604:
2660:
2626:
2034:
6432:
6362:
6257:
6152:
6006:
5656:
5436:
5349:
5144:
4964:
4880:
4648:
3072:
3065:
3036:
1292:
two Bantustans. The South African government intervened to warn the Transkei government off.
794:
544:
237:
54:
6180:
6066:
5834:
5770:
5503:
5266:
5259:
5211:
4994:
4668:
4385:
3851:
2894:
1699:
1285:
588:
289:
2962:
2885:
Mauder, K. (1982), "Atlas of Transkei βa cartographical project in a developing country",
2850:
2817:
2784:
2751:
2072:
492:
486:
8:
6635:
6607:
6481:
5999:
5992:
5925:
5890:
5841:
5321:
5128:
4724:
4638:
3713:
3708:
3623:
3389:
3189:
2710:
2536:
1907:
1236:
843:
708:
647:
2898:
1099:
The entity became a nominally independent state in 1976 with its capital at Umtata (now
5328:
4275:
4130:
3906:
2417:
1930:
1806:
1788:
1753:
1661:
had 4,993 police officers, operating from 61 police stations throughout the territory.
1436:
714:
659:
415:
3211:
1360:, and persons who are charged with crimes in that area are prosecuted under the code.
1088:
was opposed to the notion of Bantustan independence, the government was formed by the
7035:
6913:
6899:
6236:
6052:
5876:
5466:
5056:
4986:
4748:
4706:
3230:
3170:
3100:
3076:
2398:
2318:
2294:
2119:
2040:
1258:
1092:. Of the 109 members in the regional parliament, 45 were elected and 64 were held by
702:
635:
569:
550:
4914:
2210:
6837:
6201:
5911:
5691:
5381:
5136:
5104:
5040:
4778:
4742:
4730:
4220:
4185:
4138:
3785:
3214:
2902:
2346:
1829:
1822:
1770:
1760:
1598:
1566:
under the jurisdiction of the Cape Province instead of Transkei, thus making it an
1308:
1281:
1145:
1108:
1077:
886:
763:
677:
211:
177:
60:
4576:
3071:, Cornell Studies in Security Affairs, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp.
1500:
6159:
6073:
5967:
5635:
5559:
5480:
5204:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5048:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4718:
4503:
4448:
4146:
3890:
3730:
3136:
2449:
1960:
1627:
1602:
1594:
1563:
1528:
1353:
1186:
1028:
967:
757:
732:
726:
720:
513:
267:
217:
1018:
and "separate development"; it was the first of four territories to be declared
6906:
6628:
6502:
6145:
6059:
5742:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5388:
5314:
5160:
5120:
4826:
4790:
4628:
4550:
4432:
4346:
4122:
4114:
3812:
3445:
3440:
3255:
2569:
1835:
1812:
1586:
1578:
1477:
1465:
1312:
1296:
1128:
1065:
976:
806:
769:
231:
166:
117:
92:
2350:
529:
7029:
7011:
6998:
6823:
6544:
5649:
5628:
5598:
5591:
5300:
4193:
4059:
3793:
3462:
2263:
2237:
1866:
1776:
1571:
1454:
1357:
1315:
1262:
1229:
1181:
1131:
1069:
671:
3174:
6488:
6097:
5918:
5869:
5032:
4946:
4886:
4694:
4106:
4012:
3936:
3931:
3898:
3769:
3338:
3226:
2597:"Chief George Mzimvubu Mathanzima, former Prime Minister of Transkei, dies"
1955:
1878:
1860:
1844:
1800:
1794:
1782:
1737:
1555:
1544:
1532:
1517:
1346:
1228:, with the local population being recruited as workers into South Africa's
1032:
1019:
1000:
988:
824:
653:
521:
462:
449:
282:
2019:
1988:
lists Phuti as a dialect of Sotho, and research on the language is scarce.
6081:
5024:
4712:
4242:
4237:
3553:
3493:
3343:
1747:
1709:
1608:
Conflicting data exist about the number of inhabitants. According to the
1585:
Xhosa was the sole official language, but laws had to be translated into
1536:
788:
641:
616:
2144:
6656:
6194:
5307:
5252:
5112:
5096:
4850:
4784:
4772:
4470:
4465:
4297:
4292:
4089:
4084:
3834:
3829:
3606:
3601:
3561:
3394:
3374:
3369:
3348:
3296:
2906:
2392:
2113:
1850:
1764:
1548:
1093:
751:
6115:
6106:
6037:
5443:
5420:
5409:
4802:
4633:
4034:
4029:
3645:
3640:
3379:
3286:
3222:
3219:
3067:
A Question of Loyalty: Military Manpower Policy in Multiethnic States
1950:
1915:
1590:
1171:
1104:
1059:
1048:
1015:
996:
183:
144:
17:
1869:, former Transkei Prime Minister and minister of public enterprises.
1725:, former South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the ANC
1174:". During its thirty-first session, in resolution A/RES/31/6 A, the
6885:
6383:
6028:
5009:
4844:
4681:
4618:
4168:
4163:
3752:
3666:
3661:
3384:
3291:
2574:
2365:"Transkei Breaks Diplomatic Tie, Its Only One, With South Africans"
1728:
1613:
and the urbanisation-rate for the entire population was around 5%.
1460:
1224:
Throughout its existence, Transkei's economy remained dependent on
1024:
598:
1825:, former Transkei's first and longest-serving president until 1986
1080:
in 1963. Although the first election was contested and won by the
5293:
4856:
4368:
4363:
3301:
3121:
1567:
1559:
1540:
1213:
1100:
665:
173:
156:
2315:
Imperialism, race, and resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919β1945
1797:, former anti-apartheid activist, unionist and member of the ANC
6020:
5176:
4955:
4838:
4814:
4808:
4623:
4525:
4520:
4407:
4402:
3536:
3531:
3311:
3306:
3260:
1920:
1266:
1216:
to recognise Transkei by closing its borders with the country.
1073:
1058:
The South African government set up the area as one of the two
1008:
992:
818:
2712:
Truth Body hears startling new claims on Transkei coup attempt
5168:
4832:
3873:
3868:
3270:
2532:"2 SOUTH AFRICAN 'HOMELANDS' DO BATTLE - the Washington Post"
1750:, journalist and anti-apartheid activist was born in Transkei
1539:
mountain range, including parts of the landlocked kingdom of
1489:
1485:
1481:
1304:
922:
812:
3138:
Policing Agencies: 1994, Prior to Amalgamation: South Africa
2032:
2160:"Message to Transkei on the eve of Independence, July 1976"
1756:
1717:
940:
910:
2819:
Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Chapter 8, 57-59
2653:"General Bantubonke Harrington "Bantu" Holomisa (profile)"
2474:
2472:
1311:
in October 1987 and then overthrew Matanzima's successor,
2074:
Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Chapter 1, 1(2)
1713:
895:
2753:
Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Chapter 5, (4)
2730:
1512:
Map of the Transkei showing districts and border changes
1352:
The Transkei Penal Code, 1983 still applies between the
135:
Location of Transkei (red) within South Africa (yellow).
3169:. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publications. 1978.
2964:
Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Chapter 3, 16
2469:
2419:
Elections in Apartheid-Era Black Homelands "Bantustans"
1946:
List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
1589:
and English in order for them to come into effect, and
148:(de facto; independence not internationally recognised)
2036:
South Africa's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
1785:, former anti-apartheid activist and member of the ANC
1779:, former anti-apartheid activist and member of the ANC
1547:
adjoining south-western Lesotho, and the other in the
4944:
2851:"Republic of Transkei Constitution Act, Chapter 3.13"
2524:
2393:
South African Democracy Education Trust, ed. (2006),
2114:
South African Democracy Education Trust, ed. (2006),
949:
937:
934:
925:
907:
904:
898:
2786:
Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Schedule 1
2026:
1897:
1712:, former South African politician and leader of the
1652:
elaborate on where those resources would originate.
919:
916:
892:
889:
4606:
1212:(1976) condemned moves by South Africa to pressure
931:
901:
3064:
2233:Statement by the African National Congress GA/5498
1273:in Transkei, and in the 1981 election, the ruling
1239:between the two governments, and ordered that all
1208:supported moves not to recognise Transkei, and in
1076:; it was given nominal autonomy by Prime Minister
180:translations required for laws to come into effect
2715:, South African Press Association, 19 June 1996,
2033:Sally Frankental; Owen Sichone (1 January 2005).
1702:, Co-Deputy President of South Africa 1994β1996,
1341:The Transkei government was a participant in the
7027:
3097:The Israeli Connection: Whom Israel Arms and Why
2498:
2445:"Leader of Tribe Seizes S. African Rebel's Body"
2395:The Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1970β1980
2116:The Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1970β1980
1277:was re-elected, gaining 100% of all open seats.
5734:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2140:South Africa: Historical franchise arrangements
4535:
4480:
4417:
4378:
4307:
4252:
4044:
3433:
2506:"The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa"
2480:"The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa"
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
1706:1996β1999, President of South Africa 1999β2008
1664:With the dissolution of Transkei in 1994, the
7061:States and territories disestablished in 1994
4930:
4592:
3883:
3844:
3723:
3676:
3616:
3197:
3094:
1803:, former political activist and member of PAC
1773:, former political activist and member of PAC
1495:
1464:. Citizenship by descent was given along the
1337:Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
861:
487:Constitution of the Republic of Transkei 1976
2008:Republic of Transkei Constitution Act, 1976.
1390:Transkei National Independence Party (TNIP)
216:(Nominal parliamentary democracy, effective
2880:
2878:
2098:
1809:former political activist and member of PAC
1414:Transkei National Progressive Party (TNPP)
108:
85:
35:
7041:States and territories established in 1963
4937:
4923:
4599:
4585:
3204:
3190:
1731:, former political activist and member of
1431:Nominally, the Republic of Transkei was a
1363:
1115:until 1979, when he assumed the office of
1003:, and operated as a nominally independent
868:
854:
129:
23:Former bantustan in South Africa (1976β94)
2589:
2336:
2293:, Pretoria: Foreign Affairs Association,
2288:
1583:Constitution of the Republic of Transkei,
1122:
5807:Reconstruction and Development Programme
4099:
2875:
2562:
2437:
2191:Blackwell Publishers. Oxford:1999. p186
1626:
1507:
1499:
493:Constitution of the Republic of Transkei
186:allowed in administration and judiciaryΒΉ
5403:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2339:Journal of Contemporary African Studies
1936:List of heads of government of Transkei
1847:, former president of the ANC 1967β1991
1406:Transkei People's Freedom Party (TPFP)
384:43,798 km (16,911 sq mi)
7051:1994 disestablishments in South Africa
7028:
5884:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
2912:
2884:
2738:"Transkei Penal Code can be abolished"
2619:
2397:, Pretoria: Unisa Press, p. 778,
2189:South Africa in the Twentieth Century.
2118:, Pretoria: Unisa Press, p. 780,
1480:. The colours are (from the top down)
1176:General Assembly of the United Nations
991:from 1976 to 1994. It was, along with
4918:
4580:
3432:
3185:
3119:"Transkei will import troops, arms",
3062:
2362:
2053:from the original on 12 December 2013
1219:
3816:(1987β94) (Head of Military Council)
2930:from the original on 9 February 2010
2719:from the original on 11 January 2005
2692:from the original on 6 February 2018
2563:Mgaqelwa, Abongile (8 August 2013).
2317:, New York: Routledge, p. 147,
2312:
2199:
2197:
1873:Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase
1674:South African National Defence Force
1275:Transkei National Independence Party
1090:Transkei National Independence Party
16:For the 19th-century territory, see
7046:1963 establishments in South Africa
5814:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5460:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
3038:Former Black Homelands (Bantustans)
2544:from the original on 12 August 2018
2512:from the original on 12 August 2018
2486:from the original on 12 August 2018
2157:
1648:was its main supplier of weaponry.
1577:The majority of the population was
1422:Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)
13:
3159:
3045:from the original on 2 August 2009
3018:from the original on 2 August 2009
2556:
2170:from the original on 26 March 2009
1941:List of heads of state of Transkei
1832:, former Transkei's Prime Minister
1692:, former president of the ANC and
1683:
1655:During its last days in 1994, the
1616:
14:
7077:
6966:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
6601:South African Party (Cape Colony)
3654:No central government established
3524:No central government established
2977:from the original on 21 July 2010
2863:from the original on 21 July 2010
2832:from the original on 21 July 2010
2799:from the original on 21 July 2010
2766:from the original on 21 July 2010
2682:"Black Homeland reports uprising"
2633:from the original on 14 July 2014
2629:. Mail&Guardian. 8 May 2006.
2607:from the original on 14 July 2014
2457:from the original on 14 July 2014
2375:from the original on 22 July 2018
2267:, 25 October 1976, archived from
2236:, 26 October 1976, archived from
2194:
2087:from the original on 21 July 2010
1887:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
1119:, a position he held until 1986.
6978:
6977:
4524:
4469:
4406:
4367:
4296:
4241:
4167:
4088:
4033:
3935:
3872:
3833:
3751:
3712:
3665:
3644:
3605:
3535:
3514:
3444:
3213:
3145:from the original on 5 June 2009
3141:, South African Police Service,
3095:Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1988),
3011:South Africa Homeland Militaries
2426:from the original on 7 June 2011
2363:Burns, John F. (11 April 1978),
1900:
1883:Azanian People's Liberation Army
1791:, former ANC president 1940β1949
1704:Deputy President of South Africa
1581:-speaking, and according to the
1269:, a move that marked the end of
1109:Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima
1053:
885:
837:
528:
467:
442:
330:β’ Break of diplomatic ties
263:President plus National Assembly
212:Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima
67:
53:
6615:South African Party (1977β1980)
6608:South African Party (1911β1934)
6524:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
6321:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
4607:Other South African governments
4052:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi
3129:
3112:
3099:, London: Tauris, p. 141,
3088:
3056:
3029:
3002:
2988:
2955:
2941:
2843:
2810:
2777:
2744:
2703:
2674:
2645:
2410:
2386:
2356:
2330:
2306:
2282:
2251:
2224:
2020:"Ciskei β nationalanthems.info"
1978:
1504:Topographic map of the Transkei
1206:United Nations Security Council
1160:United Nations General Assembly
5933:2019 service delivery protests
5919:#FeesMustFall student protests
5664:1983 constitutional referendum
2181:
2151:
2131:
2065:
2012:
2001:
1710:Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki
1631:Flag of Transkei Defence Force
1446:
1330:
987:in the southeastern region of
1:
6391:Johannesburg Reform Committee
5620:IsraelβSouth Africa Agreement
5013:
4998:
4975:
4968:
4685:
4672:
4659:
4652:
2998:, Johannesburg: Naspers, 1972
2565:"Matanzima dies after hijack"
2289:Matanzima, Kaiser D. (1976),
1995:
1879:Sabelo Phama (Victor Gqwetha)
1875:, former Transkei's President
1863:, former Transkei's President
1855:South African Communist Party
1554:The territorial dispute with
592:
489:, Chapter 3, 16/Chapter 5, 41
6046:Black Consciousness Movement
5800:Government of National Unity
2924:South African History Online
2657:Who's Who in Southern Africa
2143:, EISA, 2002, archived from
1817:Black Consciousness Movement
1678:South African Police Service
1637:Transkei Defence Force (TDF)
1610:South African Encyclopaedia,
1522:Demographics of South Africa
1271:official opposition politics
1254:Democratic Progressive Party
1226:that of its larger neighbour
320:β’ Nominal independence
7:
5757:Saint James Church massacre
5643:Weapons of mass destruction
2996:South African Encyclopaedia
2601:South Africa History Online
1893:
1767:born and raised in Transkei
1672:were incorporated into the
1642:South African Defence Force
1398:New Democratic Party (NDP)
1303:forced the resignation and
1241:South African Defence Force
1011:(renamed Mthatha in 2004).
10:
7082:
5497:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
5375:South West Africa campaign
5274:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
5239:French Huguenot settlement
3778:Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla
3731:Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt
3581:Pieter van Rensburg Goosen
3434:Leaders and Administrators
2627:"Stella Sigcau dead at 69"
2259:"The Transkei Puppet Show"
1840:United Democratic Movement
1823:Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima
1620:
1562:border). South Africa put
1515:
1496:Geography and demographics
1476:The flag of Transkei is a
1452:regulations based on both
1334:
1042:
1038:
353:β’ Foiled coup d'Γ©tat
15:
6975:
6952:African National Congress
6941:
6847:
6680:
6412:Liberal Party (1953β1968)
6135:
6126:
5984:
5780:
5750:1992 apartheid referendum
5419:
5364:
5283:
5221:
5194:
5187:
4953:
4901:
4612:
4519:
4496:Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba
4464:
4401:
4362:
4291:
4236:
4205:
4178:
4162:
4083:
4028:
3973:
3946:
3930:
3867:
3828:
3805:
3762:
3746:
3707:
3660:
3639:
3600:
3573:
3546:
3530:
3509:
3482:
3455:
3439:
3428:
3403:
3357:
3331:
3324:
3279:
3248:
3241:
3237:
2351:10.1080/02589009208729541
2039:. ABC-CLIO. p. 187.
1830:George Mzivubu Mathanzima
1807:John Nyathi "Poks" Pokela
1694:President of South Africa
1690:Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
1201:would not be successful.
1199:African National Congress
1168:African National Congress
611:Republic of Graaff-Reinet
483:
421:
411:
407:
397:
393:
388:
380:
375:
371:
361:
351:
338:
328:
318:
308:
304:
296:
275:
257:
249:
245:
225:
205:
201:
191:
162:
152:
140:
128:
103:
81:
49:
44:
30:
6405:Labour Party (1969β1994)
6398:Labour Party (1910β1958)
5954:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
5912:#RhodesMustFall protests
5511:1960 republic referendum
4887:Republic of South Africa
4869:Cape Qualified Franchise
4488:Fillemon Elifas Shuumbwa
4449:Mogoboya Nelson Ramodike
4068:Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo
2659:, 24.com, archived from
1971:
1723:Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu
1243:members seconded to the
825:Republic of South Africa
277:β’ National Assembly
6850:terrorist organisations
5940:2019 Johannesburg riots
5553:Constructive engagement
5518:International isolation
5336:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
4425:Mokgama Maurice Matlala
2206:Resolution A/RES/31/6 A
1795:Oscar Mafakafaka Mpetha
1742:anti-apartheid activist
1729:Ashby Solomzi Peter Mda
1471:
1433:parliamentary democracy
1364:Government and politics
1320:a bloodless coup d'Γ©tat
1166:A press release by the
1045:History of South Africa
1005:parliamentary democracy
844:South Africa portal
310:β’ Self-government
7066:Military dictatorships
5863:Attack on Kennedy Road
5474:Congress of the People
5065:South African Republic
4875:South African Republic
4331:George Majozi Mahlangu
3962:Richard Muhinda Mamili
3585:Bongani Blessing Finca
3471:Rocky Malebane-Metsing
2313:Bush, Barbara (1999),
1966:Transkei Defence Force
1926:Diplomatic recognition
1771:Clarence Mlami Makwetu
1632:
1623:Transkei Defence Force
1513:
1505:
1382:Democratic Party (DP)
1301:Transkei Defence Force
1245:Transkei Defence Force
1156:
1142:
1123:International reaction
1084:, whose founder Chief
981:iRiphabliki yeTranskei
980:
697:South African Republic
605:Republic of Swellendam
111:Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
109:
86:
37:iRiphabliki yeTranskei
36:
6433:Natal Indian Congress
6153:Afrikaner Broederbond
6007:Afrikaner nationalism
5793:1994 general election
5764:Bophuthatswana crisis
5657:Church Street bombing
5437:Apartheid legislation
5430:1948 general election
5350:South Africa Act 1909
5145:Union of South Africa
4965:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4945:Political history of
4881:Union of South Africa
4649:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4551:Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli
4433:Cedric Namedi Phatudi
1630:
1511:
1503:
1152:
1138:
795:Union of South Africa
545:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
163:Common languages
6067:Greater South Africa
5905:2014 platinum strike
5771:Shell House massacre
5699:Transkei coup d'Γ©tat
5504:Sharpeville massacre
5267:Battle of Blaauwberg
5260:Battle of Muizenberg
5212:Battle of Salt River
4995:Mthethwa Paramountcy
4669:Mthethwa Paramountcy
4386:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
4194:Mangisi Cephas Zitha
3852:Constance Kgosiemang
3249:Nominal independence
3063:Peled, Alon (1998),
2949:South Africa Almanac
2688:, 23 November 1990,
2603:. 10 November 2000.
1765:"Free-range" farming
1744:was born in Transkei
1700:Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki
1435:which allowed for a
1356:and the border with
1192:Matanzima published
1068:-speaking people in
973:Republic of Transkei
589:Mthethwa Paramountcy
495:, Chapter 5, 24(4):
32:Republic of Transkei
7008: /
6959:Democratic Alliance
6136:Civic and political
6000:Afrikaner Calvinism
5993:African nationalism
5842:African Renaissance
5532:UNSC Resolution 591
5453:Internal resistance
5354:National Convention
5322:Transvaal Civil War
5246:KhoikhoiβDutch Wars
5129:Orange River Colony
4725:Orange River Colony
4339:Jonas Masana Mabena
3915:Tshamano Ramabulana
3490:Tjaart van der Walt
2899:1982GeoJo...6..573M
2663:on 17 November 2007
2537:The Washington Post
2291:Independence my Way
2271:on 30 December 2008
2240:on 7 September 2008
1908:South Africa portal
1370:
1343:CODESA negotiations
1237:non-aggression pact
1194:Independence my Way
709:Republic of Utrecht
363:β’ Dissolution
5706:Ciskei coup d'Γ©tat
5525:UN Resolution 1761
5490:Women's March 1956
5343:South African Wars
5329:Mineral Revolution
4905:Current government
4276:Sebastian Kamwanga
4189:(1970β81, 1984β91)
4131:Thimoteus Tjamuaha
4005:I.J. van der Merwe
3981:Josiah Moraliswane
3954:Josiah Moraliswane
3907:Gabriel Ramushwana
3358:No self-governance
2907:10.1007/BF00425327
2686:The New York Times
2369:The New York Times
1931:Jongilizwe College
1857:General Secretary.
1789:Alfred Bitini Xuma
1754:D. G. M. Wood-Gush
1633:
1531:in the south. The
1514:
1506:
1437:multi-party system
1369:Political parties
1368:
1307:of Prime Minister
1220:Troubled existence
1072:, the other being
1007:. Its capital was
985:unrecognised state
971:), officially the
715:Lydenburg Republic
416:South African rand
286:70 District Chiefs
7012:31.000Β°S 29.000Β°E
6991:
6990:
6944:political parties
6937:
6936:
6914:Orde van die Dood
6531:Progressive Party
6237:Congress Alliance
6053:Cape Independence
5985:Political culture
5980:
5979:
5947:COVID-19 pandemic
5877:Marikana massacre
5713:Venda coup d'Γ©tat
5467:Defiance Campaign
5057:Orange Free State
4987:Dutch Cape Colony
4912:
4911:
4896:
4895:
4749:Orange Free State
4707:Dutch Cape Colony
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4515:
4514:
4460:
4459:
4397:
4396:
4358:
4357:
4287:
4286:
4268:Alfons Shashipapo
4232:
4231:
4158:
4157:
4079:
4078:
4024:
4023:
3926:
3925:
3863:
3862:
3824:
3823:
3742:
3741:
3703:
3702:
3635:
3634:
3596:
3595:
3505:
3504:
3424:
3423:
3325:South West Africa
3320:
3319:
3231:South West Africa
2453:. 21 April 1986.
2164:Selected Speeches
2046:978-1-57607-674-3
1740:, journalist and
1601:language, called
1429:
1428:
1259:Sabata Dalindyebo
878:
877:
733:Diggers' Republic
703:Orange Free State
636:Dutch Cape Colony
570:Dutch Cape Colony
551:Kingdom of Mutapa
505:
504:
479:
478:
475:
474:
455:
454:
259:β’ Parliament
227:β’ 1987β1994
207:β’ 1976β1986
97:Unity is Strength
87:iMbumba yaManyama
7073:
7056:Former republics
7023:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7004:
7001:
6981:
6980:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6867:
6860:
6848:Paramilitary and
6840:
6838:Umkosi Wezintaba
6833:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6683:social movements
6681:Trade unions and
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6202:Boerestaat Party
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6133:
6132:
6119:
6110:
6101:
6092:
6085:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6032:
6023:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5973:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5692:Dakar Conference
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5622:
5615:
5613:Israeli alliance
5608:
5601:
5594:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5567:Sporting boycott
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5539:Academic boycott
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5396:Great Depression
5391:
5384:
5382:Maritz rebellion
5377:
5357:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5232:Dutch settlement
5214:
5207:
5205:Bantu migrations
5192:
5191:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5137:Transvaal Colony
5132:
5124:
5116:
5108:
5105:Nieuwe Republiek
5100:
5092:
5084:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5044:
5041:Natalia Republic
5036:
5028:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5010:Ndwandwe Kingdom
5005:
5003:
5000:
4990:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4779:Nieuwe Republiek
4743:Natalia Republic
4731:Transvaal Colony
4690:
4687:
4682:Ndwandwe Kingdom
4677:
4674:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4615:
4614:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4578:
4577:
4555:
4547:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4390:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4260:Linus Shashipapo
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4225:
4221:Enos John Mabuza
4217:
4198:
4190:
4186:Enos John Mabuza
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4151:
4143:
4139:Erastus Tjejamba
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3966:
3958:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3817:
3798:
3790:
3786:Kaiser Matanzima
3782:
3774:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3735:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3696:
3688:
3684:Cornelius Cloete
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3649:
3648:
3628:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3589:
3566:
3558:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3519:
3518:
3498:
3475:
3467:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3430:
3429:
3329:
3328:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3217:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3167:This is Transkei
3154:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3070:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2577:on 8 August 2013
2573:. Archived from
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2158:Vorster, B. J.,
2155:
2149:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1989:
1982:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1815:, member of the
1761:animal behaviour
1680:, respectively.
1371:
1367:
1309:George Matanzima
1162:
1148:
1146:Kaiser Matanzima
1082:Democratic Party
1078:Hendrik Verwoerd
966:the area beyond
961:
957:
953:
947:
946:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
870:
863:
856:
842:
841:
840:
678:Natalia Republic
648:Waterboer's Land
594:
532:
519:
507:
506:
471:
470:
459:
458:
446:
445:
439:
438:
423:
422:
271:
241:
221:
187:
133:
124:
122:God Bless Africa
114:
99:
89:
71:
57:
39:
28:
27:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7026:
7025:
7017:-31.000; 29.000
7016:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6987:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6933:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6349:HNP (Herstigte)
6347:
6342:HNP (Herenigde)
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6160:Afrikaner Party
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6128:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6095:
6088:
6079:
6074:Honorary whites
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6035:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5976:
5966:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5835:Soweto bombings
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5636:Soweto Uprising
5634:
5627:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5560:Tar Baby Option
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:Freedom Charter
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5360:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5183:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5095:
5087:
5081:Griqualand West
5079:
5073:Griqualand East
5071:
5063:
5055:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5001:
4993:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4963:
4949:
4943:
4913:
4908:
4897:
4892:
4862:
4796:
4761:Griqualand West
4755:Griqualand East
4736:
4700:
4688:
4675:
4662:
4655:
4608:
4605:
4575:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4536:Chief Minister:
4523:
4511:
4506:
4504:Peter Kalangula
4498:
4490:
4481:Chief Minister:
4468:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4418:Chief Minister:
4405:
4393:
4388:
4379:Chief Minister:
4366:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4323:Klaas Mtshiweni
4317:
4308:Chief Minister:
4295:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4253:Chief Minister:
4240:
4228:
4223:
4216:(JuneβDec 1982)
4215:
4213:N.J. Badenhorst
4201:
4196:
4188:
4179:Chief Minister:
4166:
4154:
4149:
4147:Gottlob Mbaukua
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4087:
4075:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4045:Chief Minister:
4032:
4020:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3969:
3964:
3957:(MarβSept 1976)
3956:
3947:Chief Minister:
3934:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3891:Patrick Mphephu
3871:
3859:
3854:
3832:
3820:
3815:
3801:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3750:
3738:
3733:
3711:
3699:
3694:
3686:
3664:
3656:
3643:
3631:
3626:
3604:
3592:
3588:(MarβApr 1994)
3587:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3534:
3526:
3513:
3501:
3497:(MarβApr 1994)
3496:
3478:
3473:
3465:
3443:
3435:
3420:
3399:
3353:
3332:Self-governance
3316:
3280:Self-governance
3275:
3233:
3212:
3210:
3165:
3162:
3160:Further reading
3157:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3125:, 17 April 1978
3118:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2883:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2740:. 15 July 2011.
2736:
2735:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:Chicago Tribune
2443:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2213:on 26 June 2017
2203:
2202:
2195:
2187:Barber, James.
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2112:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1961:Satellite state
1906:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1801:Vusumzi L. Make
1686:
1684:Notable persons
1670:Transkei Police
1658:Transkei Police
1646:Armscor/Krygkor
1625:
1619:
1617:Security forces
1564:East Griqualand
1529:Great Kei River
1524:
1516:Main articles:
1498:
1474:
1449:
1366:
1339:
1333:
1222:
1187:one-party state
1164:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1125:
1111:was Transkei's
1056:
1051:
1043:Main articles:
1041:
1029:one-party state
959:
955:
951:
930:
915:
888:
884:
874:
838:
836:
831:
830:
784:
776:
775:
764:Nieuw Republiek
747:
739:
738:
727:Griqualand West
721:Griqualand East
692:
684:
683:
660:Adam Kok's Land
631:
623:
622:
584:
576:
575:
565:
557:
556:
540:
520:
517:
516:
501:
499:
490:
468:
443:
400:
364:
354:
344:
331:
324:26 October 1976
321:
311:
287:
285:
278:
268:judicial review
265:
264:
260:
235:
234:
228:
215:
214:
208:
181:
171:
170:
147:
136:
116:
115:
91:
90:
77:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
58:
40:
33:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
7079:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
6989:
6988:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6962:
6955:
6947:
6945:
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6907:Ossewabrandwag
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6853:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6686:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6650:Unionist Party
6646:
6639:
6632:
6629:Torch Commando
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6503:Orde Boerevolk
6499:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6279:DP (1989β2000)
6275:
6272:DP (1973β1977)
6268:
6265:Dominion Party
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6146:Afrikaner Bond
6141:
6139:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6111:
6102:
6093:
6086:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6060:Day of the Vow
6056:
6049:
6042:
6033:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5828:Floor crossing
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5788:
5786:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5743:Bisho massacre
5739:
5738:
5737:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5685:Operation Vula
5681:
5678:Rubicon speech
5674:
5671:Langa massacre
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5433:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5389:Rand Rebellion
5385:
5378:
5370:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5315:Boer Republics
5311:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5200:
5198:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5173:
5165:
5161:Bophuthatswana
5157:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5121:Klein Vrystaat
5117:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5006:
4991:
4983:
4960:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4919:
4910:
4909:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4889:(1961βpresent)
4884:
4878:
4872:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4827:Bophuthatswana
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4791:Klein Vrystaat
4788:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4679:
4666:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4629:Boer Republics
4626:
4621:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4539:
4537:
4530:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4484:
4482:
4475:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4421:
4419:
4412:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:James Mahlangu
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4311:
4309:
4302:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4256:
4254:
4247:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4218:
4209:
4207:
4206:Administrator:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4191:
4182:
4180:
4173:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4123:Kuaima Riruako
4120:
4115:Clemens Kapuuo
4112:
4103:
4101:
4094:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4065:
4063:(MarβApr 1993)
4057:
4048:
4046:
4039:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4010:
4008:(MarβAug 1986)
4002:
3997:F.P.J. Visagie
3994:
3992:(JulβAug 1984)
3986:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3950:
3948:
3941:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3918:(JanβApr 1994)
3912:
3904:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3884:Head of State:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3846:
3845:Head of State:
3839:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:Bantu Holomisa
3809:
3807:
3806:Administrator:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3763:Head of State:
3757:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3724:Head of State:
3718:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:Daniel Luipert
3689:
3680:
3678:
3677:Head of State:
3671:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:Justus ΗGaroΓ«b
3620:
3618:
3617:Head of State:
3611:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3577:
3575:
3574:Administrator:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3559:
3550:
3548:
3547:Head of State:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3486:
3484:
3483:Administrator:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3456:Head of State:
3450:
3441:Bophuthatswana
3437:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Bophuthatswana
3252:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3128:
3111:
3105:
3087:
3081:
3055:
3028:
3001:
2987:
2954:
2940:
2911:
2874:
2842:
2809:
2776:
2743:
2729:
2702:
2673:
2644:
2618:
2588:
2570:Daily Dispatch
2555:
2523:
2497:
2468:
2436:
2409:
2403:
2385:
2355:
2345:(2): 255β269,
2329:
2323:
2305:
2299:
2281:
2250:
2223:
2193:
2180:
2150:
2130:
2124:
2097:
2064:
2045:
2025:
2011:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:Commander and
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1836:Bantu Holomisa
1833:
1826:
1819:
1813:Mapetla Mohapi
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1763:and father of
1751:
1745:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1707:
1697:
1685:
1682:
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1497:
1494:
1473:
1470:
1448:
1445:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1335:Main article:
1332:
1329:
1313:Prime Minister
1297:Bantu Holomisa
1261:, king of the
1221:
1218:
1210:Resolution 402
1151:
1137:
1129:prime minister
1127:South African
1124:
1121:
1113:Prime Minister
1055:
1052:
1040:
1037:
876:
875:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
847:
846:
833:
832:
829:
828:
827:(1961βpresent)
822:
816:
810:
807:Bophuthatswana
804:
798:
792:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:Klein Vrystaat
767:
761:
755:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
548:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
525:
524:
518:in present-day
503:
502:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
465:
456:
453:
452:
447:
435:
434:
429:
419:
418:
413:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
345:
339:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
279:
276:
273:
272:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
242:
232:Bantu Holomisa
229:
226:
223:
222:
218:one-party rule
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
189:
188:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
101:
100:
79:
78:
73:
66:
65:
59:
52:
51:
50:
47:
46:
42:
41:
34:
31:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7078:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7024:
7021:
6986:
6985:
6974:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6846:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6824:Die Spoorbund
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6664:Workers Party
6661:
6658:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6549:
6546:
6545:Radio Freedom
6542:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6507:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6496:Oranjewerkers
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:organisations
6134:
6131:
6129:organisations
6125:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5972:
5970:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:Tshwane riots
5923:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5779:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:Project Coast
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5629:Mafeje affair
5626:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5599:Durban Moment
5596:
5593:
5592:Rivonia Trial
5589:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5546:Disinvestment
5543:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5301:1820 Settlers
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5011:
5007:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4900:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4683:
4680:
4670:
4667:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4505:
4502:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4315:Simon Skosana
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4060:Edward Mhinga
4058:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3794:Tutor Ndamase
3792:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3693:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3463:Lucas Mangope
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3106:1-85043-069-1
3102:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3082:0-8014-3239-1
3078:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2404:1-86888-406-6
2400:
2396:
2389:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2324:0-415-15973-3
2320:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2300:0-908397-05-4
2296:
2292:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:TIME Magazine
2260:
2254:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2184:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2147:on 9 May 2013
2146:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2125:1-86888-406-6
2121:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1898:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:Stella Sigcau
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:Vuyisile Mini
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:Cape Province
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1466:paternal line
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:jus sanguinis
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1359:
1358:KwaZulu-Natal
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:Stella Sigcau
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Thembu people
1260:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:Time Magazine
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1132:B. J. Vorster
1130:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Cape Province
1067:
1063:
1062:
1054:Establishment
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:
963:
962:
945:
882:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
849:
848:
845:
835:
834:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
780:
779:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
743:
742:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
679:
676:
673:
672:Potchefstroom
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
627:
626:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
601:(c.1780β1817)
600:
597:
590:
587:
586:
580:
579:
571:
568:
567:
561:
560:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
536:
535:
531:
527:
526:
523:
515:
512:
509:
508:
498:
494:
488:
482:
466:
464:
461:
460:
457:
451:
448:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
392:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
367:27 April 1994
366:
360:
356:
350:
346:
343:
337:
333:
327:
323:
317:
313:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
284:
280:
274:
269:
262:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
238:Military rule
233:
230:
224:
219:
213:
210:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
185:
179:
175:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
132:
127:
123:
119:
113:
112:
106:
102:
98:
94:
88:
84:
80:
70:
62:
56:
48:
43:
38:
29:
26:
19:
6993:
6982:
6942:Histories of
6643:United Party
6552:Reform Party
6489:Orangia Unie
6114:
6105:
6098:Swart gevaar
6096:
6080:
6036:
6027:
5968:
5870:Blikkiesdorp
5196:Pre-colonial
5152:
5049:Natal Colony
5033:Zulu Kingdom
4947:South Africa
4904:
4820:
4719:Natal Colony
4695:Zulu Kingdom
4543:Wessel Motha
4107:Hosea Kutako
4013:A. G. Visser
3932:East Caprivi
3899:Frank Ravele
3770:Botha Sigcau
3747:
3653:
3523:
3339:East Caprivi
3265:
3242:South Africa
3227:South Africa
3166:
3147:, retrieved
3137:
3131:
3120:
3114:
3096:
3090:
3066:
3058:
3047:, retrieved
3037:
3031:
3020:, retrieved
3014:, May 1996,
3010:
3004:
2995:
2990:
2979:, retrieved
2963:
2957:
2948:
2943:
2932:, retrieved
2923:
2914:
2890:
2886:
2865:. Retrieved
2845:
2834:, retrieved
2818:
2812:
2801:, retrieved
2785:
2779:
2768:, retrieved
2752:
2746:
2732:
2721:, retrieved
2711:
2705:
2694:, retrieved
2685:
2676:
2665:, retrieved
2661:the original
2656:
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2568:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2459:. Retrieved
2448:
2439:
2428:, retrieved
2418:
2412:
2394:
2388:
2377:, retrieved
2368:
2358:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2314:
2308:
2290:
2284:
2273:, retrieved
2269:the original
2262:
2253:
2242:, retrieved
2238:the original
2232:
2226:
2215:, retrieved
2211:the original
2205:
2188:
2183:
2172:, retrieved
2163:
2153:
2145:the original
2139:
2133:
2115:
2089:, retrieved
2073:
2067:
2057:18 September
2055:. Retrieved
2035:
2028:
2014:
2003:
1985:
1980:
1956:Puppet state
1861:Botha Sigcau
1845:Oliver Tambo
1783:Robert Resha
1738:Donald Woods
1669:
1665:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1636:
1634:
1609:
1607:
1582:
1576:
1556:South Africa
1553:
1545:Orange River
1533:Indian Ocean
1525:
1518:Eastern Cape
1475:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1430:
1351:
1347:Eastern Cape
1340:
1324:
1294:
1290:
1279:
1274:
1252:
1250:
1234:
1223:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1139:
1126:
1098:
1060:
1057:
1033:Eastern Cape
1023:
1013:
1001:Xhosa people
989:South Africa
972:
965:
880:
879:
800:
783:1900βpresent
654:Zulu Kingdom
522:South Africa
496:
463:South Africa
450:South Africa
432:Succeeded by
431:
426:
399:β’ 1980
121:
104:
96:
83:Motto:
82:
74:Coat of arms
25:
7015: /
6082:Rooi gevaar
5961:2021 unrest
5891:Nkandlagate
5720:Third Force
5581:Rugby union
5179:(1981β1994)
5171:(1979β1994)
5163:(1977β1994)
5155:(1976β1994)
5147:(1910β1961)
5139:(1902β1910)
5131:(1902β1910)
5123:(1886β1891)
5115:(1885β1887)
5107:(1884β1888)
5099:(1882β1885)
5091:(1882β1883)
5083:(1870β1873)
5075:(1861β1879)
5067:(1856β1902)
5059:(1854β1902)
5051:(1843β1910)
5043:(1839β1843)
5035:(1816β1897)
5027:(1795β1910)
5025:Cape Colony
5017: 1780
5002: 1780
4989:(1652β1806)
4979: 1220
4972: 1075
4877:(1856β1902)
4871:(1853β1910)
4751:(1854β1902)
4721:(1843β1910)
4715:(1795β1910)
4713:Cape Colony
4709:(1652β1806)
4689: 1780
4676: 1780
4663: 1220
4656: 1075
4441:Z.T. Seleka
4238:Kavangoland
3989:H.J. Becker
3554:Lennox Sebe
3511:Bushmanland
3494:Job Mokgoro
3365:Bushmanland
3344:Kavangoland
2696:20 February
2637:14 December
1748:Wendy Woods
1537:Drakensberg
1447:Citizenship
1331:Dissolution
1086:Victor Poto
1020:independent
958:-, -
821:(1981β1994)
815:(1979β1994)
809:(1977β1994)
803:(1976β1994)
797:(1910β1961)
791:(1806β1910)
789:Cape Colony
772:(1886β1891)
766:(1884β1888)
760:(1882β1883)
754:(1882β1885)
735:(1870β1871)
729:(1870β1880)
723:(1861β1879)
717:(1856β1860)
711:(1854β1858)
705:(1854β1902)
699:(1852β1902)
680:(1839β1843)
674:(1837β1848)
668:(1836β1844)
662:(1825β1861)
656:(1818β1897)
650:(1813β1871)
644:(1806β1910)
642:Cape Colony
638:(1802β1806)
619:(1795β1802)
617:Cape Colony
613:(1795β1796)
572:(1652β1795)
553:(1430β1760)
547:(1050β1270)
539:before 1600
427:Preceded by
342:Coup d'Γ©tat
314:30 May 1963
288:75 elected
266:(Immune to
250:Legislature
7030:Categories
6893:Greyshirts
6657:Volksparty
6195:Black Sash
5856:Xenophobia
5849:Travelgate
5606:Border War
5410:Bantustans
5308:Great Trek
5253:Xhosa Wars
5113:Upingtonia
5097:Stellaland
4851:KwaNdebele
4785:Upingtonia
4773:Stellaland
4634:Bantustans
4466:Ovamboland
4444:(Oct 1987)
4326:(Nov 1986)
4293:KwaNdebele
4085:Hereroland
3830:Tswanaland
3627:(1980β89)
3602:Damaraland
3562:Oupa Gqozo
3474:(Feb 1988)
3395:Tswanaland
3375:Hereroland
3370:Damaraland
3349:Ovamboland
3297:KwaNdebele
3223:Bantustans
2920:"Transkei"
2893:(6): 573,
2887:GeoJournal
1996:References
1986:Ethnologue
1851:Chris Hani
1759:expert on
1549:uMzimkhulu
1425:1979β1980
1417:1978β1979
1409:1976β1979
1401:1976β1979
1393:1976β1987
1385:1976β1979
1349:province.
1094:ex officio
1035:province.
983:), was an
964:, meaning
752:Stellaland
595:1780β1817)
511:Historical
389:Population
281:Paramount
253:Parliament
169:(official)
6116:Volkstaat
6107:Uitlander
6038:Boerehaat
6014:Anarchism
5821:Arms Deal
5784:apartheid
5444:Pass laws
5421:Apartheid
5366:1910β1948
5285:1815β1910
5223:1652β1815
4883:(1910β61)
4859:(1981β94)
4853:(1981β94)
4847:(1981β94)
4841:(1981β94)
4835:(1979β94)
4829:(1977β94)
4823:(1976β94)
4817:(1974β94)
4811:(1972β94)
4805:(1971β94)
4803:Gazankulu
4793:(1886β91)
4787:(1885β87)
4781:(1884β88)
4775:(1882β85)
4769:(1882β83)
4763:(1870β73)
4757:(1861β79)
4745:(1839β43)
4733:(1902β10)
4727:(1902β10)
4697:(1816β97)
4554:(1975β94)
4546:(1974β75)
4507:(1981β89)
4499:(1975β81)
4491:(1973β75)
4452:(1987β94)
4436:(1973β87)
4428:(1972β73)
4389:(1977β94)
4350:(1990β94)
4342:(1989β90)
4334:(1986β89)
4318:(1981β86)
4279:(1981β89)
4271:(1977β81)
4263:(1973β77)
4224:(1982β84)
4197:(1991β94)
4150:(1984β89)
4142:(1987β88)
4134:(1980β84)
4126:(1978β80)
4118:(1970β78)
4110:(1968β70)
4100:Chairman:
4071:(1993β94)
4055:(1973β93)
4030:Gazankulu
4016:(1986β89)
4000:(1984β86)
3984:(1981β84)
3974:Chairman:
3965:(1976β81)
3910:(1990β94)
3902:(1988β90)
3894:(1978β88)
3855:(1980β89)
3797:(1986β94)
3789:(1979β86)
3781:(1978β79)
3773:(1976β78)
3734:(1979β89)
3695:(1985β89)
3687:(1980β85)
3641:Kaokoland
3565:(1990β94)
3557:(1981β90)
3466:(1968β94)
3411:Coloureds
3404:Post-1980
3380:Kaokoland
3287:Gazankulu
3220:Apartheid
2611:31 August
2581:31 August
2548:12 August
2516:12 August
2490:12 August
2275:25 August
1951:Pondoland
1916:Bantustan
1881:, former
1853:, former
1696:1994β1999
1591:Afrikaans
1482:ochre red
1354:Kei River
1172:apartheid
1117:President
1107:-system.
1061:homelands
1049:Apartheid
1016:apartheid
997:Bantustan
746:1875β1900
691:1850β1875
630:1800β1850
583:1700β1800
564:1600β1700
403:2,323,650
184:Afrikaans
145:Bantustan
45:1976β1994
18:Kaffraria
7036:Transkei
6984:Category
6886:Boeremag
6384:Jeugkrag
6335:Het Volk
6029:Baasskap
5971:incident
5574:Olympics
5153:Transkei
4956:polities
4954:Defunct
4845:KaNgwane
4821:Transkei
4639:National
4624:Colonies
4619:Kingdoms
4164:KaNgwane
3748:Transkei
3709:Rehoboth
3662:Namaland
3390:Rehoboth
3385:Namaland
3292:KaNgwane
3266:Transkei
3175:45801384
3143:archived
3043:archived
3016:archived
2972:archived
2928:archived
2858:Archived
2827:archived
2794:archived
2761:archived
2717:archived
2690:archived
2631:Archived
2605:Archived
2542:Archived
2510:Archived
2484:Archived
2455:Archived
2424:archived
2373:archived
2168:archived
2082:archived
2051:Archived
1894:See also
1676:and the
1668:and the
1535:and the
1461:jus soli
1295:General
1096:chiefs.
1025:de facto
999:for the
881:Transkei
801:Transkei
599:Ndwandwe
412:Currency
7003:29Β°00β²E
7000:31Β°00β²S
6789:SAAPAWU
6127:Defunct
6090:Slavery
5294:Mfecane
4857:KwaZulu
4364:KwaZulu
3302:KwaZulu
3149:12 July
3122:The Age
3049:15 July
3022:12 July
2981:11 July
2934:10 July
2895:Bibcode
2867:11 July
2836:11 July
2803:11 July
2770:11 July
2723:12 July
2667:12 July
2430:11 July
2379:22 July
2244:11 July
2217:29 June
2174:11 July
2091:11 July
1570:of the
1568:exclave
1560:Lesotho
1541:Lesotho
1478:triband
1299:of the
1232:mines.
1214:Lesotho
1101:Mthatha
1039:History
666:Winburg
340:β’
297:History
178:English
174:Sesotho
153:Capital
105:Anthem:
6740:FOSATU
6594:SAYRCO
6566:SADECO
6482:Occupy
6021:Azania
5969:Lady R
5898:Racism
5727:CODESA
5188:Events
5177:Ciskei
5089:Goshen
5019:β1819)
5004:β1817)
4839:Ciskei
4815:QwaQwa
4809:Lebowa
4767:Goshen
4691:β1819)
4678:β1817)
4521:QwaQwa
4403:Lebowa
3532:Ciskei
3416:Whites
3312:QwaQwa
3307:Lebowa
3261:Ciskei
3173:
3103:
3079:
2951:, 1986
2461:9 June
2401:
2321:
2297:
2122:
2043:
1921:Ciskei
1889:Member
1828:Chief
1821:Chief
1603:Phuthi
1488:, and
1377:Years
1286:Qamata
1282:George
1267:Zambia
1074:Ciskei
1009:Umtata
993:Ciskei
819:Ciskei
758:Goshen
607:(1795)
514:states
300:
283:Chiefs
197:
193:Leader
157:Umtata
141:Status
107:
6921:PAGAD
6817:SATUC
6810:SARHU
6796:SACTU
6775:NURHS
6733:FNETU
6719:CTSWU
6712:CNETU
6705:BLATU
6587:SAYCO
6475:NUSAS
6356:IDASA
6167:AITUP
5782:Post-
5169:Venda
4833:Venda
3869:Venda
3271:Venda
2975:(PDF)
2968:(PDF)
2861:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
2830:(PDF)
2823:(PDF)
2797:(PDF)
2790:(PDF)
2764:(PDF)
2757:(PDF)
2085:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
1972:Notes
1599:Sotho
1595:Nguni
1587:Sotho
1579:Xhosa
1490:green
1486:white
1374:Party
1305:exile
1066:Xhosa
977:Xhosa
956:TRAHN
950:tran-
813:Venda
167:Xhosa
118:Xhosa
93:Xhosa
6928:SANF
6858:APLA
6803:SAIF
6782:PAWE
6768:NEUM
6761:MUSA
6726:FCWU
6671:WOSA
6622:TNIP
6580:SASO
6573:SAIC
6559:SABP
6510:PAVN
6244:COSG
6223:CTEG
6216:CNIP
3583:and
3492:and
3229:and
3171:OCLC
3151:2009
3101:ISBN
3077:ISBN
3051:2009
3024:2009
2983:2009
2936:2009
2869:2009
2838:2009
2805:2009
2772:2009
2725:2009
2698:2017
2669:2009
2639:2007
2613:2013
2583:2013
2550:2018
2518:2018
2492:2018
2463:2014
2432:2009
2399:ISBN
2381:2018
2319:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2277:2008
2246:2009
2219:2017
2176:2009
2120:ISBN
2093:2009
2059:2013
2041:ISBN
1757:FRSE
1718:SACP
1716:and
1635:The
1520:and
1472:Flag
1458:and
1230:Rand
1204:The
1105:TBVC
1064:for
1047:and
995:, a
952:SKAY
381:1980
376:Area
357:1990
347:1987
334:1978
176:and
61:Flag
6879:BBB
6872:AWB
6865:ARM
6831:UDF
6754:IWW
6747:ICU
6698:BCM
6691:APF
6636:UFP
6538:PRP
6517:PFP
6468:NRP
6461:NPP
6447:NNP
6440:NLP
6426:NCP
6377:ISL
6328:GNP
6300:ECC
6293:DSM
6286:DPP
6258:DLF
6230:COD
6209:CDA
6188:BPC
6181:AVF
6174:APO
3225:in
3073:50f
2903:doi
2347:doi
1733:PAC
1714:ANC
1666:TDF
1325:TDF
1318:in
968:Kei
960:SKY
929:-,-
491:2.
485:1.
290:MPs
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6900:MK
6454:NP
6419:NA
6370:IP
6363:ID
6314:FD
6307:FA
6251:CP
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4999:c.
4976:c.
4969:c.
4686:c.
4673:c.
4660:c.
4653:c.
3075:,
3041:,
2970:,
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2166:,
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