1228:
has established the concept and importance of social remittances which provide a distinct form of social capital between migrants living abroad and those who remain at home. These transfers of socio-cultural meanings and practices occur either during the increased number of visits that immigrants take back to their home countries or visits made by non-migrants to friends and families living in the receiving countries or through the dramatically increased forms of correspondence such as emails, online chat sessions, telephone calls, CDs/ VDOs, and traditional letters.
1039:, global money flow, global information flow, and global scientific cooperation. However, critical theories of transnationalism have argued that transnational capitalism has occurred through the increasing monopolization and centralization of capital by leading dominant groups in the global economy and various power blocs. Scholars critical of global capitalism (and its global ecological and inequality crises) have argued instead for a transnationalism from below between workers and co-operatives as well as popular social and political movements.
936:
1043:
mobilizations beyond state boundaries. Individuals, groups, institutions and states interact with each other in a new global space where cultural and political characteristic of national societies are combined with emerging multilevel and multinational activities. Transnationalism is a part of the process of capitalist globalization. The concept of transnationalism refers to multiple links and interactions linking people and institutions across the borders of
3260:
2471:
66:
3271:
25:
168:
1296:
that have promoted the location of factories and offices abroad have also contributed to the creation of large supply of low-wage jobs for which immigrant workers constitute a desirable labor supply. Moreover, the decline of manufacturing jobs and the growth of the service sector, key drivers of the globalization of production, have transformed western economiesâ occupational and income structure.
1166:
publishing an op-ed in a home country newspaper, writing a blog, or lobbying a local elected official. There is also the more extreme example of individuals such as Jesus Galvis, a travel agent in New Jersey who in 1997 ran for a Senate seat in his native
Colombia. He was elected and intended to hold office simultaneously in Bogota and Hackensack, New Jersey where he served as a city councilor.
1243:, although lone patterns of international flow would become accompanied by the multiple flows of transnationalism. However, to say that immigrants build social fields that link those abroad with those back home is not to say that their lives are not firmly rooted in a particular place and time. Indeed, they are as much residents of their new community as anyone else.
1111:
However, the integration of international migrations to the demographic future of many developed countries is another important driver for transnationalism. Beyond simply filling a demand for low-wage workers, migration also fills the demographic gaps created by declining natural populations in most
1107:
Different approaches have attempted to explain transnationalism. Some argue that it is driven mainly by the development of technologies that have made transportation and communication more accessible and affordable, which thus dramatically change the relationship between people and places. It is now
1066:
does consider modern diasporas as having the potential to be transnational political actors and be influenced by transnational political forces. While the term "transnationalism" emphasizes the ways in which nations are no longer able to contain or control the disputes and negotiations through which
1165:
Political transnational activities can range from retained membership in political parties in one's country of origin and voting in its elections to even running for political office. Less formal but still significant roles include the transfer or dissemination of political ideas and norms, such as
1152:
are both pervasive and well documented. The Inter-American
Development Bank (IDB) estimates that in 2006 immigrants living in developed countries sent home the equivalent of $ 300 billion in remittances, an amount more than double the level of international aid. This intense influx of resources may
1303:
Finally, the fact that the major growth sectors rather than declining sectors are generating the most low-wage jobs shows that the supply of such jobs will continue to increase for the predictable future. The entry of migrant workers will similarly continue to meet the demand. In turn, this inflow
1295:
has contributed both to the creation of potential emigrants abroad and to the formation of economic, cultural, and ideological links between industrialized and developing countries that later serve as bridges for the international migration. For example, the same set of circumstances and processes
1283:
flows. There are many countries, for example, which lack significant emigration history despite longstanding poverty. Also, most international immigration flows from the global South to the global North are not made up by the poorest of the poor, but, generally by professionals. In addition, there
1227:
Transnationalism is an analytic lens used to understand immigrant and minority populations as a meeting of multiple simultaneous histories. Socio-cultural transnational activities cover a wide array of social and cultural transactions through which ideas and meanings are exchanged. Recent research
1139:
When immigrants engage in transnational activities, they create "social fields" that link their original country with their new country or countries of residence. "We have defined transnationalism as the process by which immigrants build social fields that link together their country of origin and
1042:
Transnationalism as concept, theory and experience has nourished an important literature in social sciences. In practice transnationalism refers to increasing functional integration of processes that cross-borders or according to others trans bordered relations of individuals, groups, firms and to
1174:
The rise of global capitalism has occurred through a novel and increasingly functional integration of capitalist chains of production and finance across borders which is tied to the formation of a transnational capitalist class. This approach has led to a broader study of corporate networks, the
1299:
Unlike the manufacturing sector, which traditionally supplied middle-income jobs and competitive benefits, the majority of service jobs are either extremely well-paid or extremely poorly paid, with relatively few jobs in the middle-income range. Many of the jobs lack key benefits such as health
1287:
The reasons and promoters for migration are not only embodied within the country of origin. Instead, they are rooted within the broader geopolitical and global dynamics. Significant evidence of geographic migration patterns suggests that receiving countries become home to immigrants from the
1258:
and Morris Young, seeks to understand how transnationalism reveals ways Asian/Americans "negotiate, resist, and work against emerging, shifting, and often intensified 'highly asymmetrical relations of power.'" Furthermore, inter-movement spillover plays an important role in transnational
1275:. Traditionally, immigration has been seen as an autonomous process, driven by conditions such as poverty and overpopulation in the country of origin and unrelated to conditions (such as foreign policy and economic needs) in the receiving country. Even though overpopulation,
1047:. Although much of the more recent literature has focused on popular protest as a form of transnational activism, some research has also drawn attention to clandestine and criminal networks, as well as foreign fighters, as examples of a wider form of transnationalism.
1002:
to describe a new way of thinking about relationships between cultures. However, the term itself was coined by a colleague in college. Merriam-Webster
Dictionary states 1921 was the year the term "transnational" was first used in print, which was after Bourne's death.
1951:
Glenn K. Omatsu, âThe âFour
Prisonsâ and the Movements of Liberation: Asian American Activism from the 1960s to the 1990s,â in Karin Aguilar-San Juan, ed., The State of Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s (Boston: South End Press, 1994),
1288:
receiving country's zone of influence. Then, immigration is but a fundamental component of the process of capitalist expansion, market penetration, and globalization. There are systematic and structural relations between globalization and immigration.
1186:
developed in response to the new psychological contexts created by escalating globalization, global power dynamics, increasing migration, an ever more interconnected world, and other phenomena that transcend nation-state boundaries. It is a branch of
1010:
process involves the global reorganization of the production process, in which various stages of the production of any product can occur in various countries, typically with the aim of minimizing costs. Economic transnationalism, commonly known as
1263:. Based on these findings, one can conclude that when movements come together in the form of actors and social change tactics, movements become stronger and more prominent. This is the purpose and overall effect of inter-movement spillover.
1219:, and to counter the Western bias in the field of psychology. Transnational psychologists partner with members of local communities to examine the unique psychological characteristics of groups without regard to nation-state boundaries.
1130:
Others, from a neo-Marxist approach, argue that transnational class relations have come about concomitantly with novel organizational and technological advancements and the spread of transnational chains of production and finance.
1023:
could be seen as a form of transnationalism, in that they seek to minimize costs, and hence maximize profits, by organizing their operations in the most efficient means possible irrespective of political boundaries.
1031:. They believe that it has increasing relevance with the rapid growth of capitalist globalization. They contend that it does not make sense to link specific nation-state boundaries with for instance migratory
2299:
Kyle, David. "Transnational
Peasants: Migrations, Ethnicity, and Networks in Andean Ecuador," Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.-developed the concept of transnational "migration merchants."
1015:, was spurred in the latter half of the 20th century by the development of the internet and wireless communication, as well as the reduction in global transportation costs caused by
1127:
have forced states to take account of persons as persons, rather than as citizens. As a result, individuals have rights regardless of their citizenship status within a country.
1915:
Arif Dirlik (1996) Asian on the Rim: Transnational
Capital and Local Community in the Making of Contemporary Asian America. Amerasia Journal: 1996, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 1-24.
1321:
2363:, Thousand Oaks, California, USA, Pine Forge Press, 2006 - more detailed analysis of the transnational phenomenon, with elaborate examples, is contained in the writings of
3866:
871:
1112:
industrialized countries. Today, migration accounts for three fifths of population growth on western countries as a whole, a trend that shows no signs of slowing down.
1099:
has the potential to bring to transnationalism "a varied political, if not radical political, perspective to the study of transnational processes andâglobalization".
2303:
1140:
their country of settlement". These social fields are the product of a series of interconnected and overlapping economic, political, and socio-cultural activities:
5175:
1250:
provides a counterargument in that its inception was based in comparative analysis of the racial discrimination against Asian
Americans and Vietnamese during the
2313:, Chicago, Illinois, USA, The University of Chicago Press, 2001 - offered a transnational look at Chinese immigrants and social links in the nineteenth century.
2148:, Delhi, India, Oxford University Press, 1997 - is critical of the construct of the nation-state and seek to propagate a greater use of transnational thought.
1924:
Jonathan
Okamura (2003) Asian American Studies in the Age of Transnationalism: Diaspora, Race, Community. Amerasia Journal: 2003, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 171-194.
189:
1942:
Jonathan
Okamura (2003) Asian American Studies in the Age of Transnationalism: Diaspora, Race, Community. Amerasia Journal: 2003, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 171-194
1668:
Kislev, Elyakim (2014). "The transnational effect of multicultural policies on migrants' identification: the case of the
Israeli diaspora in the USA".
2374:
2251:
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo (1997). "The Emergence of a Transnational Social Formation and the Mirage of Return Migration among Dominican Transmigrants".
1260:
1096:
1067:
social groups annex a global dimension to their meaningful practices, the notion of diaspora brings to the fore the racial dynamics underlying the
1115:
Moreover, global political transformations and new international legal regimes have weakened the state as the only legitimate source of rights.
2047:
Schiller, Nina Glick; Basch, Linda; Blanc-Szanton, Cristina (1992). "Transnationalism: A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration".
1153:
mean that for some nations development prospects become inextricably linkedâif not dependent uponâthe economic activities of their respective
966:
1300:
insurance. Sales representatives, restaurant wait staff, administrative assistants, and custodial workers are among the growth occupations.
3916:
1062:
to modern transnationalism. However, unlike some people with transnationalist lives, most diasporas have not been voluntary. The field of
2240:
Faist, Thomas, The Volume and Dynamics of International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
1933:
Alice Yang Murray (2000) Oral History Research, Theory, and Asian American Studies. Amerasia Journal: 2000, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 105-118.
176:
1246:
Transnationalism is criticized for being too far removed from ethnic studies' efforts to empower solidarity in minority communities.
2296:, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, Harvard University Press, 1972 - a classic work about the distinction in international relations.
4588:
2444:
2464:
130:
5421:
5391:
4493:
3308:
2188:
2110:
1827:
Grabe, Shelly; Else-Quest, Nicole M. (June 2012). "The Role of Transnational Feminism in Psychology: Complementary Visions".
102:
1512:
5416:
5341:
4133:
4097:
2807:
2812:
1468:. Caribbean Circuits: New Directions in the Study of Caribbean Migration, Center for Migration Studies: Patricia Pessar.
109:
5582:
3153:
3053:
5118:
3735:
2906:
2797:
2658:
1878:
1495:
959:
715:
214:
149:
83:
52:
38:
3909:
2349:
116:
5667:
5522:
4771:
4578:
2899:
1108:
possible for immigrants to maintain closer and more frequent contact with their home societies than ever before.
1068:
3871:
876:
5371:
5326:
4583:
4404:
3806:
3545:
2204:
256:
87:
1619:
5772:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
5461:
5456:
5386:
5346:
5331:
5113:
5068:
4688:
4336:
3506:
2834:
1316:
98:
5627:
5572:
5542:
5451:
5426:
5411:
5336:
5316:
4414:
4326:
4102:
2535:
2012:
1695:
Angel-Ajani, Asale (2006). "Displacing Diaspora: Trafficking, African Women, and Transnational Practices".
952:
5446:
1873:. Collins, Lynn H.,, Machizawa, Sayaka,, Rice, Joy K. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
5083:
4306:
4256:
3902:
3811:
2953:
2525:
2500:
2437:
1964:"Beyond Representation: Spatial, Temporal and Embodied Trans/Formations of Asian/Asian American Rhetoric"
1434:
1384:
1279:, and poverty all continue to create pressures for migration, they alone are not enough to produce large
821:
741:
5441:
5321:
4352:
2978:
2827:
1902:
1429:
1394:
1020:
908:
806:
5812:
5807:
5797:
4615:
4311:
3756:
3699:
3685:
3658:
3590:
3466:
3301:
2673:
2636:
1284:
are countries with high levels of job creation that continue to witness emigration on a large scale.
1027:
Proponents of transnational capitalism seek to facilitate the flow of people, ideas, and goods among
635:
567:
448:
5401:
5123:
560:
5718:
5376:
5180:
4092:
3501:
3496:
2894:
2572:
2515:
2474:
2410:
publication of the Institute for Transtextual and Transculural Studies, University of Lyon, France.
2350:
Beyond Nation-State Paradigms: Globalization, Sociology, and the Challenge of Transnational Studies
1255:
1183:
1079:
to move away from the politically sanitized discourse that surrounds transnational studies". Since
1075:. In an article published in 2006, Asale Angel-Ajani claimed that "there is the possibility within
490:
485:
2304:
The Madonna of 115th St. Revisited: Vodou and Haitian Catholicism in the Age of Transnationalism.
5160:
4632:
4536:
4447:
4362:
4241:
3704:
3198:
2750:
2594:
2542:
1280:
689:
181:
76:
5738:
4693:
2166:
1466:
Reimagining the Nation and Defining the District: Dominican Migration and Transnational Politics
5817:
5108:
4998:
4776:
4740:
4622:
4467:
4316:
3801:
3535:
3263:
3138:
2780:
2770:
2653:
2589:
2520:
2505:
2430:
2120:(First ed.). Malden, MA, USA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 2031â2037.
1444:
1247:
1204:
796:
786:
1871:
Transnational psychology of women : expanding international and intersectional approaches
1589:
1148:
Economic transnational activities such as business investments in home countries and monetary
123:
5431:
5396:
5381:
5260:
5088:
5078:
5043:
5038:
5023:
5003:
4967:
4750:
4720:
4710:
4700:
4595:
4374:
4331:
4301:
4279:
4226:
4149:
4060:
3831:
3709:
3612:
3607:
3523:
3471:
3422:
3078:
2916:
2648:
2577:
1326:
846:
589:
584:
510:
453:
404:
44:
5802:
5637:
5436:
5285:
5245:
5220:
5063:
5033:
5018:
5008:
4977:
4972:
4962:
4936:
4897:
4791:
4668:
4663:
4642:
4605:
4573:
4541:
4531:
4510:
4437:
4321:
4236:
4196:
4023:
3970:
3776:
3694:
3668:
3653:
3617:
3518:
3486:
3444:
3427:
3294:
3203:
3108:
2921:
2889:
2879:
2864:
2765:
2760:
2703:
2171:
2056:
1620:"Foreign Bodies: Transnational Activism, the Insurgency in the North Caucasus and "Beyond""
1424:
771:
679:
640:
630:
594:
555:
505:
468:
426:
409:
382:
281:
231:
8:
5687:
5567:
5361:
5300:
5265:
5170:
5073:
5028:
4993:
4957:
4952:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4861:
4807:
4755:
4745:
4678:
4647:
4600:
4505:
4421:
4394:
4357:
4284:
4251:
4231:
4201:
4087:
3987:
3851:
3634:
3622:
3560:
3407:
3371:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2708:
2599:
2582:
2495:
1276:
1200:
893:
856:
851:
836:
645:
599:
520:
389:
2983:
2212:
Dolby, Nadine; Cornbleth, Catherine (2001). "Social identities in transnational times".
2060:
5773:
5723:
5476:
5356:
5230:
5205:
5013:
4931:
4902:
4851:
4841:
4786:
4781:
4715:
4705:
4683:
4637:
4515:
4483:
4399:
4384:
4379:
4246:
4154:
4112:
4018:
4008:
4003:
3982:
3965:
3925:
3570:
3540:
3528:
3491:
3461:
3449:
3432:
3412:
3048:
2874:
2822:
2785:
2530:
2229:
2198:
2088:
2068:
2035:
1896:
1852:
1650:
1532:
1484:
1414:
1374:
1349:
811:
684:
623:
618:
540:
525:
514:
473:
443:
431:
414:
394:
364:
5366:
5748:
5733:
5527:
5215:
4907:
4856:
4812:
4673:
4610:
4442:
4409:
4214:
4206:
4107:
4044:
3836:
3796:
3781:
3771:
3740:
3639:
3595:
3585:
3565:
3476:
3454:
3439:
3417:
3391:
3366:
3361:
3236:
3103:
2988:
2869:
2775:
2641:
2547:
2342:
2233:
2184:
2080:
2072:
1884:
1874:
1844:
1809:
1642:
1536:
1491:
1369:
1331:
1063:
990:
and the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states.
983:
791:
776:
751:
606:
572:
550:
458:
436:
421:
399:
331:
306:
301:
2092:
2039:
2004:
A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class, and State in a Transnational World
1856:
1654:
1059:
5662:
5471:
5351:
4866:
4846:
4462:
4457:
4389:
4369:
4263:
4191:
4159:
4039:
3955:
3861:
3841:
3766:
3719:
3575:
3336:
3143:
3123:
3038:
2963:
2792:
2663:
2562:
2316:
Moreno Tejada, Jaime, "Introduction: Distance - Modern Transnational Frontiers" in
2260:
2221:
2064:
2027:
1836:
1799:
1789:
1677:
1634:
1524:
1439:
1175:
global working class and the transnationalization of state apparatuses and elites.
1084:
1080:
1076:
1055:
1016:
861:
761:
746:
736:
699:
545:
271:
2264:
1638:
1207:
lenses to the field of psychology to study, understand, and address the impact of
5642:
5612:
5137:
4546:
4452:
4289:
3826:
3555:
3550:
3513:
3481:
3386:
3331:
3275:
3226:
3158:
3133:
3098:
3013:
2884:
2802:
2720:
2629:
2557:
2510:
2370:
2311:
Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change: Peru, Chicago, and Hawaii 1900-1936
2306:" In S. Warner, ed., Gatherings in Diaspora. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
1963:
1419:
1409:
1364:
1192:
1092:
999:
940:
866:
766:
535:
530:
495:
463:
326:
276:
266:
261:
5692:
2243:
Green, Nancy L. "The Trials of Transnationalism: Itâs Not as Easy as It Looks."
5597:
5577:
5145:
4294:
3883:
3856:
3791:
3786:
3381:
3128:
2993:
2968:
2839:
2685:
2624:
2479:
1292:
1232:
1116:
1072:
756:
478:
316:
2225:
1888:
1528:
998:
The term "trans-national" was popularized in the early 20th century by writer
5791:
5240:
5235:
5190:
5185:
5165:
4488:
4164:
3663:
3376:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3241:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3163:
3073:
3043:
3003:
2911:
2678:
2552:
2453:
2380:
2364:
2175:, #118 (July 1916), pp. 86â97, Boston, The Atlantic Monthly Group, 1916.
2076:
2031:
1848:
1840:
1813:
1646:
1399:
1379:
1359:
1216:
1196:
1044:
1012:
781:
672:
311:
291:
286:
1777:
5769:
5657:
5507:
5270:
5255:
5225:
5195:
5155:
3846:
3761:
3356:
3221:
3148:
3118:
3063:
2973:
2745:
2398:
1271:
Transnationalism has significant implications for the way we conceptualize
1240:
1208:
1124:
903:
731:
354:
321:
296:
2084:
1980:
1794:
5728:
5697:
5677:
5557:
5512:
5466:
5295:
5280:
5275:
5210:
5150:
4627:
4500:
3816:
3317:
3231:
3113:
3068:
3058:
3008:
2998:
2948:
2755:
2125:
Struna, Jason (2009). "Toward a Theory of Global Proletarian Fractions".
1404:
1354:
1304:
provides the raw material out of which transnational communities emerge.
1272:
1251:
1212:
1149:
1036:
1032:
826:
816:
655:
239:
935:
5743:
5587:
5517:
4013:
3975:
3878:
3173:
3168:
3033:
2958:
2817:
2735:
2715:
1709:
1681:
1188:
920:
888:
841:
500:
369:
359:
349:
1804:
5647:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5562:
5547:
4836:
3960:
3894:
3673:
3580:
2844:
2668:
2567:
1778:"Decolonizing Liberation: Toward a Transnational Feminist Psychology"
1389:
1344:
1154:
1120:
801:
2285:
Joerges, Christian; Inger-Johanne Sand & Gunther Teubner, eds.:
2013:"Global Capitalism Theory and the Emergency of Transnational Elites"
65:
5607:
5532:
5406:
5290:
3821:
3644:
1236:
1051:
1007:
915:
898:
831:
611:
5672:
2417:
5682:
5652:
5602:
5592:
5497:
5250:
5200:
4219:
4128:
3680:
3600:
1028:
650:
577:
2422:
2153:
The Trans/National Study of Culture: A Translational Perspective
1579:
Bourne, Randolph S. (1916). "The Jew and Tran-national America".
167:
5552:
5537:
5502:
5492:
3627:
3270:
2280:
Global and Transnational History: The Past, Present, and Future
2275:, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, Transaction Publishers, 1997.
1088:
987:
883:
665:
660:
248:
3286:
2405:
Transtext(e)sTranscultures: Journal of Global Cultural Studies
5702:
1322:
National Alliance of Latin American and Caribbean Communities
2415:
Research Centre for Transnational Art, Identity & Nation
2407:
2356:, Vol. 13, No 4, pp. 561â594, New York City, USA, 1998.
2325:
Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logic of Transnationality
2318:
Transnational Frontiers of Asia and Latin America since 1800
2155:, Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter, 2014 (paperback edition 2016).
2397:
See the "Network for Critical Study of Global Capitalism"
2162:, Somerset, New Jersey, USA, Transaction Publishers, 2003.
2046:
1986:
1715:
1222:
2271:
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo & Michael Peter Smith, eds.,
2214:
Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education
2146:
Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization
2387:, New York City, USA, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
1863:
1601:
1599:
1565:
Bourne, Randolph S. (1916). "Trans-National America".
1307:
986:
grown out of the heightened interconnectivity between
1160:
1134:
1745:
1143:
1757:
1596:
1239:to understand immigrant communities in relation to
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1733:
1721:
1483:
2127:Perspectives on Global Development and Technology
2118:The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization
1962:Monberg, Terese Guinsatao; Young, Morris (2018).
1769:
5789:
2289:, Oxford, United Kingdom, Hart Publishing, 2004.
2181:Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture
1820:
1254:. A collection of scholarly articles, edited by
16:Results of heightened international connectivity
2339:Special Issue: Costs of Transnational Migration
2160:Immigration, Incorporation and Transnationalism
1826:
1554:. University of Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre.
2403:See the trilingual (English, Chinese, French)
2287:Transnational governance and constitutionalism
2211:
2193:. Chapter 6: The World of All-Male Pornography
1776:KurtiĆ, TuÄçe; Adams, Glenn (21 August 2015).
1235:scholars would largely move towards models of
3910:
3302:
2438:
2375:Transnational Legal Ordering and State Change
2292:Keohane, Robert O. & Joseph S. Nye, eds.
960:
1961:
1490:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2334:, Aldershot, United Kingdom, Ashgate, 1999.
1775:
1694:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5768:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5412:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
3917:
3903:
3309:
3295:
2445:
2431:
2294:Transnational relations and world politics
2049:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1782:Journal of Social and Political Psychology
967:
953:
2332:Migration and Transnational Social Spaces
1803:
1793:
1699:. New York University Press. p. 296.
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
2399:http://netglobalcapitalism.wordpress.com
2250:
2010:
2001:
1987:Schiller, Basch & Blanc-Szanton 1992
1751:
1716:Schiller, Basch & Blanc-Szanton 1992
1605:
1510:
1477:
1475:
192:of all important aspects of the article.
2108:
1763:
1552:Global Perspectives on Forced Migration
1549:
1517:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
1223:Socio-cultural transnational activities
5790:
5372:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3924:
2413:See the University of the Arts London
2327:. Duke University Press: Durham, 1999.
2282:. London: Palgrave MacMillan UK, 2013.
2124:
2099:
1739:
1727:
1667:
1564:
1481:
1463:
188:Please consider expanding the lead to
5422:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5392:Inner Mongolian independence movement
3898:
3290:
2426:
2178:
1617:
1472:
1312:Transnational organizations include:
5417:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5342:East Turkestan independence movement
2808:New international division of labour
1169:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1308:List of transnational organizations
13:
2138:
2102:The Transnational capitalist class
2069:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33484.x
1161:Political transnational activities
1135:Immigrant transnational activities
14:
5829:
3736:List of nationalist organizations
2452:
2391:
1144:Economic transnational activities
716:List of nationalist organizations
34:This article has multiple issues.
3269:
3259:
3258:
2469:
2179:Cante, Richard C. (March 2009).
1627:Terrorism and Political Violence
1590:"Definition of TRANSNATIONALISM"
934:
166:
64:
23:
5523:Basque Country (greater region)
5382:Guangdong Independence Movement
3316:
2470:
2418:http://www.transnational.org.uk
2302:McAlister, Elizabeth. 1998. "
1974:
1955:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1703:
1688:
1661:
1513:"Transnationalism and Identity"
1069:international division of labor
180:may be too short to adequately
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
5327:Assyrian independence movement
3807:Historiography and nationalism
2385:The new transnational activism
2345:, Vol. 6, No. 1, October 2009.
2183:. London: Ashgate Publishing.
1995:
1611:
1582:
1573:
1558:
1543:
1504:
1457:
807:Historiography and nationalism
257:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
190:provide an accessible overview
1:
5462:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
5457:Tibetan independence movement
5387:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5347:Faroese independence movement
5332:Catalan independence movement
3507:Palingenetic ultranationalism
2377:. Cambridge University Press.
2265:10.1080/1070289X.1997.9962591
2158:Barkan, Elliott Robert, ed.:
2151:Bachmann-Medick, Doris, ed.:
2002:Robinson, William I. (2004).
1829:Psychology of Women Quarterly
1639:10.1080/09546553.2015.1032035
1451:
1178:
899:Seasonal or cultural festival
5543:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
5452:Taiwan independence movement
5427:Ryukyu independence movement
5337:Champa independence movement
5317:Alsace independence movement
1618:Moore, Cerwyn (2015-05-27).
1266:
1071:and the economic turmoil of
7:
5407:Mapuche separatist movement
2526:Environmental globalization
2501:Anti-globalization movement
2273:Transnationalism from Below
2116:. In Ritzer, George (ed.).
1486:The Transnational Villagers
1435:Transnational progressivism
1385:Internationalism (politics)
1337:
993:
742:Anti-globalization movement
10:
5834:
5442:Silesian Autonomy Movement
5322:Assam separatist movements
4477:Northern & Middle Asia
3867:Principle of nationalities
2674:Offshore financial centres
2320:. London: Routledge, 2016.
2203:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1697:Diasporic Africa: A Reader
1430:Transnational organization
1395:Multinational corporations
1021:Multinational corporations
872:Principle of nationalities
5759:
5711:
5485:
5447:Székely autonomy movement
5309:
5136:
5101:
5056:
4986:
4945:
4927:
4920:
4875:
4832:
4825:
4800:
4764:
4736:
4729:
4656:
4566:
4559:
4524:
4476:
4430:
4345:
4272:
4184:
4177:
4142:
4121:
4080:
4073:
4053:
4032:
3996:
3948:
3941:
3932:
3757:Anarchism and nationalism
3749:
3728:
3686:List of fascist movements
3467:Constitutional patriotism
3400:
3324:
3254:
3212:
3087:
3022:
2939:
2930:
2857:
2694:
2615:
2608:
2488:
2460:
2408:http://www.transtexts.net
2361:Cities in a World Economy
2245:Journal of Modern History
2226:10.1080/01596300120094334
2055:(1 Towards a Tra): 1â24.
1550:Castles, Stephen (2005).
1529:10.1080/13691830120090386
1511:Vertovec, Steven (2001).
1102:
449:Constitutional patriotism
5377:Greenlandic independence
2516:Democratic globalization
2167:"Trans-National America"
2032:10.1177/0896920511411592
1841:10.1177/0361684312442164
1317:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
1256:Terese Guinsatao Monberg
1184:Transnational psychology
1123:, and the ascendance of
1083:studies have focused on
982:is a research field and
2798:Investor-state disputes
2751:Illicit financial flows
2595:Political globalization
2543:Global financial system
2371:Shaffer, Gregory C. ed.
2348:Robinson, William I.: "
2100:Sklair, Leslie (2000).
1464:Graham, Pamela (1997).
1281:international migration
1261:climate change politics
1006:Transnationalism as an
5402:MÄori protest movement
3802:Gender and nationalism
3139:Christopher Chase-Dunn
2907:Primitive accumulation
2590:Military globalization
2521:Economic globalization
2506:Cultural globalization
1901:: CS1 maint: others (
1482:Levitt, Peggy (2001).
1445:Transnationality Index
1248:Asian American Studies
1205:transnational feminist
1050:Some have argued that
797:Gender and nationalism
5432:Scottish independence
5397:Kashubian Association
5119:Indigenous Australian
3832:National indifference
2247:89.4 (2017): 851â874.
2111:"Transnational State"
2109:Sprague, Jeb (2012).
1795:10.5964/jspp.v3i1.326
1327:Roman Catholic Church
847:National indifference
5638:Marathi Abhimaangeet
5437:Siberian regionalism
3777:Cultural nationalism
3669:National syndicalist
3204:Immanuel Wallerstein
2865:Capital accumulation
2731:Endangered languages
2330:Pries, Ludger, ed.:
2172:The Atlantic Monthly
1425:Transnational cinema
772:Cultural nationalism
641:National syndicalist
84:improve this article
5729:American Indigenous
5362:Free Papua Movement
4772:Balkar and Karachay
4567:Southeastern Europe
4098:Indigenous Canadian
3852:Nationalism studies
3276:Business portal
2835:Transnational crime
2741:Forced displacement
2726:Economic inequality
2600:Trade globalization
2496:Alter-globalization
2337:Rees, Martha, ed.:
2061:1992NYASA.645....1S
1291:The emergence of a
1277:economic stagnation
1231:In the late 1980s,
1201:cultural psychology
1058:, are a historical
941:Politics portal
894:Right-wing populism
852:Nationalism studies
5774:ethnic nationalism
5477:Welsh independence
5357:Free Aceh Movement
4589:in North Macedonia
4431:South-eastern Asia
3926:Ethnic nationalism
3049:Andre Gunder Frank
2823:Race to the bottom
2813:NorthâSouth divide
2531:Global citizenship
2354:Sociological Forum
2165:Bourne, Randolph:
2144:Appadurai, Arjun:
2104:. Wiley-Blackwell.
2020:Critical Sociology
1682:10.1111/glob.12043
1415:Perpetual traveler
1375:Global citizenship
1350:Anti-globalization
1199:context-sensitive
812:Imagined community
646:National Bolshevik
365:Self-determination
99:"Transnationalism"
5785:
5784:
5528:Catalan Countries
5132:
5131:
5097:
5096:
5052:
5051:
4916:
4915:
4821:
4820:
4555:
4554:
4173:
4172:
4069:
4068:
3892:
3891:
3837:National question
3797:Gastronationalism
3782:Diaspora politics
3772:Banal nationalism
3741:Nationalist Clubs
3284:
3283:
3250:
3249:
3109:K. Anthony Appiah
3104:Daniele Archibugi
2853:
2852:
2642:COVID-19 pandemic
2548:Global governance
2343:Migration Letters
2190:978-0-7546-7230-2
1592:. 31 August 2023.
1370:Diaspora politics
1332:No Border network
1170:Political economy
1064:diaspora politics
984:social phenomenon
977:
976:
792:Gastronationalism
777:Diaspora politics
752:Banal nationalism
225:
224:
217:
207:
206:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
5825:
5813:World government
5808:1920s neologisms
5798:Transnationalism
5778:
5663:Republika Srpska
5472:Walloon Movement
5352:Flemish Movement
4925:
4924:
4830:
4829:
4734:
4733:
4564:
4563:
4182:
4181:
4078:
4077:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3875:
3862:Plurinationalism
3842:National revival
3812:Internationalism
3767:Anti-nationalism
3750:Related concepts
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3261:
3215:
3124:Jean Baudrillard
3092:
3039:Giovanni Arrighi
3027:
2984:Branko MilanoviÄ
2964:Jagdish Bhagwati
2942:
2937:
2936:
2828:pollution havens
2793:Invasive species
2697:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2563:Global workforce
2473:
2472:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2359:Sassen, Saskia:
2268:
2237:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2105:
2096:
2043:
2017:
2011:— (2012).
2007:
1990:
1989:, pp. 1â24.
1984:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:Atlantic Monthly
1562:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1489:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1440:Transnationality
1085:racial formation
1081:African diaspora
1077:diaspora studies
1056:overseas Chinese
1017:containerization
980:Transnationalism
969:
962:
955:
939:
938:
880:
862:Plurinationalism
822:Internationalism
762:Communitarianism
747:Anti-imperialism
737:Anti-nationalism
726:Related concepts
227:
226:
220:
213:
202:
199:
193:
170:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5763:
5755:
5707:
5643:Northern Epirus
5613:Ketuanan Melayu
5481:
5367:Future of Ă
land
5305:
5241:Native American
5138:Pan-nationalism
5128:
5093:
5057:Northern Europe
5048:
4982:
4941:
4921:Southern Europe
4912:
4871:
4817:
4796:
4760:
4725:
4652:
4551:
4520:
4472:
4426:
4341:
4268:
4169:
4138:
4117:
4108:Native American
4065:
4054:Southern Africa
4049:
4028:
3992:
3934:
3928:
3923:
3893:
3888:
3869:
3827:Nation-building
3745:
3724:
3396:
3320:
3315:
3285:
3280:
3268:
3246:
3227:Thomas Friedman
3213:
3208:
3159:Anthony Giddens
3134:Manuel Castells
3099:Arjun Appadurai
3090:
3088:
3083:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3014:Joseph Stiglitz
2954:Richard Baldwin
2940:
2932:
2926:
2885:Fiscal localism
2849:
2803:McDonaldization
2721:Development aid
2695:
2690:
2659:Multilingualism
2654:Labor arbitrage
2630:Climate justice
2616:
2604:
2558:Global politics
2511:Deglobalization
2484:
2456:
2451:
2394:
2309:McKeown, Adam:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2141:
2139:Further reading
2113:
2015:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1825:
1821:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1670:Global Networks
1666:
1662:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1563:
1559:
1548:
1544:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1480:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1420:Postnationalism
1410:Pan-nationalism
1365:Cosmopolitanism
1340:
1310:
1269:
1225:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1146:
1137:
1105:
1097:diaspora theory
1093:white supremacy
1000:Randolph Bourne
996:
973:
933:
926:
925:
874:
767:Cosmopolitanism
727:
719:
718:
713:
705:
704:
385:
375:
374:
345:
337:
336:
252:
221:
210:
209:
208:
203:
197:
194:
187:
175:This article's
171:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5831:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5598:Karakalpakstan
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5578:East Turkestan
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4876:United Kingdom
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4826:Western Europe
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4765:North Caucasus
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4730:Eastern Europe
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4657:Central Europe
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4638:Romani (Gypsy)
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4570:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4525:South Caucasus
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4494:South Mongolia
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3884:State-building
3881:
3876:
3864:
3859:
3857:Natural border
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Exceptionalism
3789:
3787:Eliminationism
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Zygmunt Bauman
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Thomas Piketty
2991:
2989:Kevin O'Rourke
2986:
2981:
2979:Michael Hudson
2976:
2971:
2969:Robert Brenner
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2840:Westernization
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2679:Tax inversions
2676:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Digital divide
2646:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2625:Climate change
2621:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2401:
2393:
2392:External links
2390:
2389:
2388:
2381:Tarrow, Sidney
2378:
2368:
2357:
2346:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2278:Iriye, Akira.
2276:
2269:
2259:(2): 281â322.
2248:
2241:
2238:
2220:(3): 293â296.
2209:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2106:
2097:
2044:
2026:(3): 349â363.
2008:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1973:
1954:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1879:
1862:
1835:(2): 158â161.
1819:
1788:(1): 388â413.
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1660:
1633:(3): 395â415.
1610:
1595:
1581:
1572:
1557:
1542:
1523:(4): 573â582.
1503:
1496:
1471:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1306:
1293:global economy
1268:
1265:
1233:ethnic studies
1224:
1221:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1119:, the fall of
1117:Decolonization
1104:
1101:
1073:global capital
1054:, such as the
995:
992:
975:
974:
972:
971:
964:
957:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
928:
927:
924:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
909:in Catholicism
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
757:Civil religion
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
676:
675:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
648:
643:
633:
628:
627:
626:
621:
616:
615:
614:
604:
603:
602:
597:
582:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
564:
563:
553:
548:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
482:
481:
479:Ethnopluralism
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
440:
439:
434:
429:
419:
418:
417:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
247:
246:
243:
242:
236:
235:
223:
222:
205:
204:
184:the key points
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5830:
5819:
5818:Globalization
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5770:ethnic groups
5767:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5719:Local (China)
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:Herzeg-Bosnia
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4363:in Bangladesh
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:Southern Asia
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:South America
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:North America
4079:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:Organizations
3727:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Technological
3698:
3696:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Ethnocacerism
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:Revolutionary
3657:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3243:
3242:Vandana Shiva
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Saskia Sassen
3192:
3190:
3189:George Ritzer
3187:
3185:
3184:Antonio Negri
3182:
3180:
3179:L. H. M. Ling
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Michael Hardt
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Alfred Crosby
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Susan Strange
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Robert W. Cox
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Jeffrey Sachs
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2922:World-systems
2920:
2918:
2917:World history
2915:
2913:
2912:Social change
2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:Modernization
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Global health
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2454:Globalization
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2365:Saskia Sassen
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1969:
1968:Enculturation
1965:
1958:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1880:1-4338-3124-4
1876:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1752:Robinson 2012
1748:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1606:Robinson 2004
1602:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1569:(118): 86â97.
1568:
1561:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1497:9780520228139
1493:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Nation-states
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Globalization
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Communitarian
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1217:globalization
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:that applies
1190:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1045:nation-states
1040:
1038:
1035:, globalized
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:globalization
1009:
1004:
1001:
991:
989:
985:
981:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
931:
930:
929:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
878:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:Ethnocentrism
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
723:
722:
717:
712:Organizations
709:
708:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:Technological
683:
681:
678:
674:
673:Ethnocacerism
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:Revolutionary
634:
632:
629:
625:
622:
620:
617:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
416:
413:
412:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
384:
379:
378:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
341:
340:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
245:
244:
241:
238:
237:
233:
229:
228:
219:
216:
201:
191:
185:
183:
178:
173:
169:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: â
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5765:
5764:
5693:Székely Land
5658:Pashtunistan
5508:Balawaristan
5281:South Slavic
5271:Scandinavian
4801:Volga Region
4415:in Sri Lanka
4273:Eastern Asia
4134:Puerto Rican
3949:North Africa
3933:Nationalisms
3847:Nation state
3762:Anationalism
3714:
3502:Expansionist
3237:John R. Saul
3222:Noam Chomsky
3214:Nonâacademic
3154:Susan George
3149:Nancy Fraser
3119:Walden Bello
3064:David Harvey
3054:Stephen Gill
2974:Jayati Ghosh
2880:Earth system
2746:Human rights
2686:Water crisis
2583:early modern
2414:
2404:
2384:
2360:
2353:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2323:Ong, Aihwa.
2317:
2310:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2217:
2213:
2180:
2170:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2130:
2126:
2117:
2101:
2052:
2048:
2023:
2019:
2003:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1870:
1865:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1764:Sprague 2012
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1718:, p. 1.
1711:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1630:
1626:
1613:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1485:
1465:
1459:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1270:
1245:
1241:area studies
1230:
1226:
1209:colonization
1193:postcolonial
1182:
1173:
1164:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1125:human rights
1114:
1110:
1106:
1049:
1041:
1037:corporations
1026:
1005:
997:
979:
978:
904:Subsidiarity
732:Anationalism
694:
491:Expansionist
355:Independence
211:
198:January 2021
195:
179:
177:lead section
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
5803:Nationalism
5698:Tamil Eelam
5678:Saraikistan
5558:Hatay State
5513:Balochistan
5467:Wallmapuwen
5161:Bangladeshi
4633:Montenegrin
4537:Azerbaijani
4501:Pan-Turkism
4242:Palestinian
4185:Middle East
4093:Greenlandic
3997:East Africa
3870: [
3817:Irredentism
3705:Territorial
3325:Development
3318:Nationalism
3232:Naomi Klein
3114:Ulrich Beck
3089:Politics /
3079:Robert Wade
3069:Ronen Palan
3059:Peter Gowan
3009:Amartya Sen
2999:Dani Rodrik
2949:David Autor
2875:Development
2756:Imperialism
2704:Brain drain
1996:Works cited
1740:Struna 2009
1728:Sklair 2000
1676:: 118â139.
1405:Nationalism
1355:Citizenship
1273:immigration
1252:Vietnam War
1213:imperialism
1150:remittances
875: [
827:Irredentism
817:Imperialism
690:Territorial
656:Legionarism
344:Core values
240:Nationalism
5792:Categories
5744:Indigenous
5688:Sindhudesh
5668:Santa Cruz
5588:Hutu Power
5518:Bangsamoro
5109:Australian
5084:Lithuanian
4999:Andalusian
4777:Circassian
4741:Belarusian
4689:in Austria
4623:Macedonian
4579:in Albania
4468:Vietnamese
4302:Hongkonger
4295:chauvinist
3976:Pharaonism
3879:Revanchism
3536:Linguistic
3482:Ecological
3174:Paul Hirst
3169:David Held
3034:Samir Amin
3024:Political
2959:Ravi Batra
2900:history of
2895:ecological
2870:Dependency
2818:Offshoring
2781:scientific
2771:linguistic
2736:Fair trade
2716:Care drain
2669:Tax havens
2664:Population
2573:History of
2253:Identities
1889:1090706835
1805:1808/21823
1452:References
1197:postmodern
1189:psychology
1179:Psychology
1033:workforces
921:Xenophobia
889:Revanchism
842:Militarism
501:Indigenism
496:Homosexual
464:Ecological
370:Solidarity
360:Patriotism
350:Allegiance
110:newspapers
39:improve it
5648:Occitania
5633:Manchukuo
5623:Lezgistan
5618:Kurdistan
5563:Hazarajat
5548:Circassia
5310:Movements
5261:Pakistani
5236:Mongolian
5176:Congolese
5089:Norwegian
5079:Icelandic
5044:Valencian
5039:Navarrese
5024:Castilian
5004:Aragonese
4968:Sardinian
4751:Ukrainian
4721:Slovenian
4701:Hungarian
4616:in Cyprus
4596:Aromanian
4584:in Kosovo
4489:Mongolian
4405:Sinhalese
4375:Dravidian
4332:Taiwanese
4280:Cantonese
4257:in Cyprus
4227:Jordanian
4150:Argentine
4122:Caribbean
4113:Québécois
4061:Afrikaner
3710:Terrorism
3674:Falangism
3613:Christian
3608:Religious
3529:Communist
3524:Left-wing
3472:Corporate
3462:Communist
3423:Bourgeois
3413:Anarchist
3199:John Urry
3091:sociology
2941:Economics
2845:World war
2568:Globality
2536:education
2234:144349231
2199:cite book
2077:0077-8923
1897:cite book
1849:0361-6843
1814:2195-3325
1647:0954-6553
1537:145716849
1390:Mercenary
1345:Anarchism
1267:Migration
1155:diasporas
1121:communism
1060:precursor
1052:diasporas
802:Globalism
787:Francoism
590:Christian
585:Religious
511:Left-wing
454:Corporate
444:Communist
405:Bourgeois
395:Anarchist
182:summarize
45:talk page
5608:Katarism
5533:Chameria
5486:Projects
5291:Turanian
5286:Tunisian
5256:Oceanian
5246:Nigerian
5196:Hispanic
5191:Germanic
5181:European
5114:Hawaiian
5064:Estonian
5034:Galician
5019:Canarian
5009:Asturian
4978:Venetian
4973:Sicilian
4963:Padanian
4937:Corsican
4898:Scottish
4792:Ossetian
4711:Silesian
4694:Völkisch
4669:Bavarian
4664:Austrian
4643:Romanian
4628:Moldovan
4606:Croatian
4574:Albanian
4542:Georgian
4532:Armenian
4511:Siberian
4438:Filipino
4353:Assamese
4322:Okinawan
4307:Japanese
4237:Lebanese
4215:Diaspora
4197:Assyrian
4165:Peruvian
4074:Americas
4024:Tigrayan
3971:Egyptian
3822:Jingoism
3695:Romantic
3654:Resource
3645:Hindutva
3623:Clerico-
3618:Catholic
3561:Populist
3519:Integral
3497:European
3487:Economic
3445:American
3428:Business
3392:Treasure
3367:Language
3362:Identity
3264:Category
2933:scholars
2858:Theories
2766:cultural
2761:academic
2465:Journals
2093:13856191
2040:14299983
1857:53585351
1655:56451099
1338:See also
1237:diaspora
1008:economic
994:Overview
916:Trumpism
857:Nativism
837:Localism
832:Jingoism
680:Romantic
631:Resource
612:Hindutva
600:Clerical
595:Catholic
556:Japanese
515:populism
506:Integral
486:European
469:Economic
427:American
410:Business
332:Treasure
307:Language
302:Identity
232:a series
230:Part of
140:May 2010
5683:Silesia
5653:Ossetia
5628:Luhansk
5603:Karelia
5593:Ilirida
5573:Donetsk
5498:Assyria
5301:Ugandan
5266:Russian
5211:Iranian
5201:Iberian
5171:Chinese
5146:African
5102:Oceania
5074:Finnish
5069:Faroese
5029:Catalan
4994:Spanish
4958:Lombard
4953:Italian
4893:English
4888:Cornish
4883:British
4867:Walloon
4862:Occitan
4847:Flemish
4837:Arpitan
4808:Chuvash
4756:Yiddish
4746:Russian
4679:Frisian
4648:Serbian
4601:Bosniak
4506:Pashtun
4422:Tripuri
4395:Punjabi
4358:Bengali
4337:Tibetan
4285:Chinese
4252:Turkish
4232:Kurdish
4220:Zionism
4211:Jewish
4202:Iranian
4160:Mapuche
4155:Criollo
4129:Haitian
4088:Chicano
4033:Nigeria
3988:Sahrawi
3681:Fascism
3635:Islamic
3601:Zionism
3433:Welfare
3408:African
3401:By type
3337:Colours
3026:economy
2931:Notable
2709:reverse
2637:Disease
2578:archaic
2489:Aspects
2480:Studies
2475:Outline
2085:1497251
2057:Bibcode
1029:regions
651:Fascism
578:Zionism
521:Musical
415:Welfare
390:African
272:Colours
251:forming
124:scholar
5739:German
5724:Racial
5568:Danzig
5553:Crimea
5538:Champa
5503:Azawad
5493:Arakan
5296:Turkic
5276:Slavic
5251:Nordic
5231:Libyan
5221:Korean
5206:Indian
5186:Finnic
5166:Celtic
5014:Basque
4932:Basque
4903:Ulster
4852:French
4842:Breton
4787:Lezgin
4782:Ingush
4716:Slovak
4706:Polish
4684:German
4560:Europe
4516:Uyghur
4484:Baloch
4400:Sindhi
4385:Meitei
4380:Hazara
4327:Ryukyu
4317:Manchu
4312:Korean
4247:Syrian
4103:Lakota
4019:Somali
4009:Amhara
4004:Acholi
3983:Kabyle
3966:Coptic
3961:Berber
3942:Africa
3720:Ultra-
3715:Trans-
3628:Mormon
3591:Korean
3581:Berber
3571:Racial
3541:Mystic
3492:Ethnic
3477:Cyber-
3450:French
3387:Symbol
3347:Flower
3332:Anthem
2786:social
2617:Global
2609:Issues
2373:2012.
2232:
2187:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2038:
1952:25-26.
1887:
1877:
1855:
1847:
1812:
1653:
1645:
1535:
1494:
1215:, and
1203:, and
1103:Causes
1091:, and
1089:racism
988:people
884:Racism
700:Ultra-
695:Trans-
666:Rexism
661:Nazism
619:Muslim
568:Korean
541:Racial
526:Mystic
474:Ethnic
459:Cyber-
432:French
327:Symbol
282:Father
277:Emblem
267:Church
262:Anthem
249:Nation
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
5749:White
5734:Black
5712:Other
5703:Tibet
5673:SĂĄpmi
5226:Latin
5216:Iraqi
5156:Asian
5124:MÄori
4987:Spain
4946:Italy
4908:Welsh
4857:Irish
4813:Tatar
4674:Czech
4611:Greek
4448:Malay
4443:Khmer
4410:Tamil
4207:Iraqi
4045:Ogoni
3874:]
3640:Hindu
3596:White
3586:Black
3566:Queer
3514:Homo-
3455:Irish
3440:Civic
3418:Blind
3382:Sport
3372:Music
2776:media
2696:Other
2352:" in
2341:, in
2230:S2CID
2114:(PDF)
2089:S2CID
2036:S2CID
2016:(PDF)
1853:S2CID
1651:S2CID
1623:(PDF)
1533:S2CID
879:]
867:Post-
607:Hindu
573:White
561:ShĆwa
551:Black
437:Irish
422:Civic
400:Blind
383:Types
322:State
317:Sport
131:JSTOR
117:books
5766:Note
5151:Arab
4463:Thai
4458:Shan
4390:Naga
4370:Bodo
4264:Zaza
4192:Arab
4178:Asia
4040:Igbo
4014:Hutu
3956:Arab
3576:Arab
3556:Neo-
3551:Pan-
3377:Myth
3352:Epic
3342:Flag
2205:link
2185:ISBN
2133:(8).
2081:PMID
2073:ISSN
1903:link
1885:OCLC
1875:ISBN
1845:ISSN
1810:ISSN
1643:ISSN
1492:ISBN
624:Sikh
546:Arab
536:Pan-
531:Neo-
312:Myth
292:Epic
287:Flag
103:news
4547:Laz
4453:Mon
4290:Han
3546:New
3357:God
2261:doi
2222:doi
2169:in
2131:2â3
2065:doi
2053:645
2028:doi
1837:doi
1800:hdl
1790:doi
1678:doi
1635:doi
1525:doi
1019:.
297:God
86:by
5794::
3935:in
3872:fr
2383::
2255:.
2228:.
2218:22
2216:.
2201:}}
2197:{{
2129:.
2087:.
2079:.
2071:.
2063:.
2051:.
2034:.
2024:38
2022:.
2018:.
1966:.
1899:}}
1895:{{
1883:.
1851:.
1843:.
1833:36
1831:.
1808:.
1798:.
1784:.
1780:.
1674:15
1672:.
1649:.
1641:.
1631:27
1629:.
1625:.
1598:^
1531:.
1521:27
1519:.
1515:.
1474:^
1211:,
1195:,
1157:.
1095:,
1087:,
877:fr
234:on
48:.
5777:.
3918:e
3911:t
3904:v
3310:e
3303:t
3296:v
2446:e
2439:t
2432:v
2367:.
2267:.
2263::
2257:4
2236:.
2224::
2207:)
2095:.
2067::
2059::
2042:.
2030::
2006:.
1970:.
1905:)
1891:.
1859:.
1839::
1816:.
1802::
1792::
1786:3
1766:.
1754:.
1742:.
1730:.
1684:.
1680::
1657:.
1637::
1608:.
1539:.
1527::
1500:.
968:e
961:t
954:v
517:)
513:(
218:)
212:(
200:)
196:(
186:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
