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apex of the A, wrapped in buffalo skin to prevent friction burns, rests on a dog's shoulders, while the splayed ends drag over the ground ... First
Nations women both built the travois and managed the dogs, sometimes using toy travois to train the puppies. Buffalo meat and firewood were typical travois loads.
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across the horse's back and attach a burden platform between the poles behind the horse. This served two purposes at once, as the horses could then simultaneously carry the tepee poles and some additional baggage. Horses, of course, could pull much greater weight than dogs. Children often rode in the
203:
The basic dog travois consists of two aspen or cottonwood poles notched and lashed together at one end with buffalo sinew; the other ends rest splayed apart. Cross-bars are lashed between the poles near the splayed ends, and the finished frame looks like a large letter A with extra cross-bars. The
421:
Travois or travoise. A wheel-less drag consisting of two or more poles, hauled by a single human being or beast of burden, its apex resting on the back or hind quarters. Space near the base of the 'A' frame would be bridged by thongs, woven twigs or small planks. Widely used by the North
American
259:
The travois served the Native
Americans in a number of ingenious ways. Before the use of horses, Blackfoot women made a curved fence of dog travois’ tied together, front end up, to hold driven animals enclosed until the hunters could kill them. When the women put up a tipi, they placed an upright
162:-based forms of transport, on the type of territory where the travois was used (forest floors, soft soil, snow, etc.), rather than roadways, wheels would have encountered difficulties which would have made them less efficient. As such the travois was employed by
260:
horse travois against a tipi pole and used it as a ladder so they could attach the two upper sides of the lodge cover with wooden pins. A travois leaned against a branch of a tree functioned as a simple burial scaffold for a dead Crow baby tied to it.
214:, "The dog travois of pre-European times was small, capable of pulling not more than 20 to 30 kg." Travel by dog travois was slower in hot weather, which is tiring for dogs. The dog travois can be seen in the paintings of
276:
were areas heavily traveled where travois "were dragged over the trail, causing deep, parallel tracks to mark the earth," which are still visible today. Remains of travois tracks can also be seen at the
234:
After horses were introduced to North
America, many Plains Indian tribes began to make larger horse-drawn travois. Instead of making specially constructed travois sleds, they would simply cross a pair of
230:, "When dogs were replaced by horses, the greater pulling power allowed tipis to increase in size and household goods to multiply." The Native Languages of the Americas website relates that:
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A travois could either be loaded by piling goods atop the bare frame and tying them in place, or by first stretching cloth or leather over the frame to hold the load to be dragged.
338:
664:
Point, Nicholas (1967): Wilderness
Kingdom. Indian Life in the Rocky Mountains: 1840-1847. The Journals and Paintings of Nicholas Point, S. J.. New York, Chicago, San Francisco.
326:
245:
673:
Riebeth, Carolyn
Reynolds (1985): J.H. Sharp among the Crow Indians, 1902-1910. Personal Memories of His Life and Friendship on the Crow Reservation in Montana. El Segundo.
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141:; the frame was dragged with the sharply pointed end forward. Sometimes the blunt end of the frame was stabilized by a third pole bound across the two poles.
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802:
655:
Ewers, John C. (1988): A Blood Indian’s
Conception of Tribal Life in Dog Days. Indian Life on the Upper Missouri. Norman and London. Pp. 7-13
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There is archeological evidence to support the thesis that travois were used in other parts of the world before the invention of the
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762:
767:
684:"Lewis & Clark Trail-Travois Road--Lewis and Clark Expedition: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary"
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Indians both for conveying the sick and elderly of the tribe or personal belongings. Travoy: A modern spelling of
Travois.
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367:
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The travois was dragged by hand, sometimes fitted with a shoulder harness for more efficient dragging, or dragged by
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people to leave the tipi poles behind at the camp "for use by the next tribe or family to camp there."
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It is possible for a person to transport more weight on a travois than can be carried on the back.
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By the mid-18th century, the dog travois had given way to the horse travois. According to
8:
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533:
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Henderson, Norman (May 1994). "Replicating Dog
Travois Travel on the Northern Plains".
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709:
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89:) is an A-frame structure that was used to drag loads over land, most notably by the
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The basic construction consists of a platform or netting mounted on two long poles,
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A horse travois can be made with either A-frame or H-frame construction.
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730:"Un Travois pour les dieux. Lac de Chalain 31ième siècle avant J.-C"
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The
Western European Loess Belt: Agrarian History, 5300 BC - AD 1000
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581:"Native American Travois (Indian Drag Sleds for Dogs and Horses)"
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152:(after the 16th-century introduction of horses by the Spanish).
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US Army mule & travois "ambulance", circa early 1900s
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When traveling with a travois, it was traditional for
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Imataa Manistsi: How to Make a Blackfoot Dog Travois
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279:Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site
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401:. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. p. 182.
708:. Springer Science & Business Media.
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28:family using a horse-drawn travois, 1890.
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158:Although considered more primitive than
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610:Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
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836:Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
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784:Atsina Indian on horse pulling travois
763:National Museum of the American Indian
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632:"Replicating Horse and Travois Travel"
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332:Riding horse with travois, Canada 1922
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396:
399:A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles
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13:
368:Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road
270:Lewis and Clark Trail-Travois Road
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732:[A Travois for the Gods]
356:A workman's travois, Finland 1941
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457:The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
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761:, A Song for the Horse Nation,
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530:10.1080/2052546.1994.11931719
471:– via esask.uregina.ca.
124:Travois designs used by the
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268:What today is known as the
255:Other ways to use a travois
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491:The Canadian Encyclopedia
435:"American Indian Travois"
228:The Canadian Encyclopedia
211:The Canadian Encyclopedia
191:Dog with a travois in an
485:Gadacz, Renee R (2012).
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320:and travois, Canada 1910
305:Dog-travois, Alaska 1897
176:with the Plains Tribes.
846:Animal-powered vehicles
704:Bakels, Corrie (2009).
240:back of horse travois.
16:Load-dragging structure
841:Human-powered vehicles
559:Women of the Fur Trade
459:. 2006. Archived from
397:Smith, D.J.M. (1988).
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831:Native American tools
797:Denver Public Library
518:Plains Anthropologist
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585:native-languages.org
439:native-languages.org
274:Lewis and Clark Pass
97:Construction and use
793:Travois photographs
768:Horse-Drawn travois
630:Henderson, Norman.
137:in the shape of an
773:2019-08-05 at the
637:. pp. 137–147
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195:camp on the Upper
93:of North America.
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754:Dog Travois Plans
497:on April 19, 2012
165:coureurs des bois
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555:"Dog Travois"
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813:October 24,
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615:October 24,
590:October 24,
565:October 24,
467:October 24,
237:tepee poles
216:Karl Bodmer
193:Assiniboine
183:Dog travois
825:Categories
408:0851314686
170:New France
779:Crow Fair
487:"Travois"
453:"Travois"
417:11597864M
318:Packhorse
174:fur trade
771:Archived
739:The film
538:25669259
501:June 10,
362:See also
83:travoise
26:Cheyenne
795:, from
292:Gallery
139:A-frame
81:; also
78:travail
72:, from
34:travois
712:
561:. 2007
536:
415:
405:
246:Salish
150:horses
135:lashed
87:travoy
74:French
808:(PDF)
777:, at
734:(PDF)
635:(PDF)
534:JSTOR
384:Notes
286:wheel
160:wheel
815:2013
710:ISBN
691:2013
643:2013
617:2013
592:2013
567:2013
503:2021
469:2013
403:ISBN
378:Sled
146:dogs
526:doi
172:'s
168:in
148:or
85:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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