124:
120:"In consideration of the services rendered by Rajah Golab Sing of Jummoo, to the Lahore State, towards procuring the restoration of the relations of amity between the Lahore and British Governments, the Maharajah hereby agrees to recognize the Independent sovereignty of Rajah Golab Sing in such territories and districts in the hills as may be made over to the said Rajah Golab Sing, by separate Agreement between himself and the British Government, with the dependencies thereof, which may have been in the Rajah's possession since the time of the late Maharajah Khurruck Sing, and the British Government, in consideration of the good conduct of Rajah Golab Sing, also agrees to recognize his independence in such territories, and to admit him to the privileges of a separate Treaty with the British Government."
78:. By Article 1 of the treaty, Gulab Singh acquired "all the hilly or mountainous country with its dependencies situated to the eastward of the River Indus and the westward of the River Ravi including Chamba and excluding Lahul, being part of the territories ceded to the British Government by the Lahore State according to the provisions of Article IV of the Treaty of Lahore, dated 9th March, 1846." Under Article 3, Gulab Singh was to pay 75 lakhs (7.5 million) of Nanak Shahi rupees (the ruling currency of the
184:. Arthur Brinkman in his paper "The Wrongs of Cashmere" written in December 1867, also states he: "informs the reader of the wretched condition of a people we sold against their inclination, and their united cry to us." Arthur Brinkman was an Anglican Missionary and the Anglican Missionary Groups had worked with the Anti Slavery Society to push for The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 a few years earlier
269:
This Treaty of ten articles has been this day settled by
Frederick Currie, Esq. and Brever-Major Henry Montgomery Lawrence, acting under directions of the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Hardinge, Governor-General, on the part of the British Government and by Maharajah Gulab Singh in person, and the said Treaty
148:
in protecting his territories from external enemies." After which the Dogras served the
British Empire in the Indian Rebellion and in the various wars. Hence a large percentage of the Kashmiris fought in the First World War and in the Second World Wars, as part of the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces
220:
In consideration of the transfer made to him and his heirs by the provisions of the foregoing article
Maharajah Gulab Singh will pay to the British Government the sum of seventy-five lakhs of rupees (Nanukshahee), fifty lakhs to be paid on or before the 1st October of the current year, A.D., 1846.
199:
The treaty between the
British Government on the one part and Maharajah Gulab Singh of Jammu on the other concluded on the part of the British Government by Frederick Currie, Esq. and Brevet-Major Henry Montgomery Lawrence, acting under the orders of the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Hardinge, G.C.B., one of
180:. c. 73) abolished slavery throughout the British Empire. The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 came into force before the Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed (16 March 1846). As far back as 1868 in the book Cashmere Misgovernment, Robert Thorp stated that the people of Kashmir were sold into slavery to
206:
The
British Government transfers and makes over for ever in independent possession to Maharajah Gulab Singh and the heirs male of his body all the hilly or mountainous country with its dependencies situated to the eastward of the River Indus and the westward of the River Ravi including Chamba and
152:
Hence 1.1 million
Kasmiris now live in the UK. The high taxes to support these wars were resented by all the Kashmiris including the Hindus, Muslims and the Sikhs And combined with the tens of thousands of trained men, coming back from the Second World War generated a highly volatile situation in
213:
The eastern boundary of the tract transferred by the foregoing article to
Maharajah Gulab Singh shall be laid down by the Commissioners appointed by the British Government and Maharajah Gulab Singh respectively for that purpose and shall be defined in a separate engagement after survey.
270:
has been this day ratified by the seal of the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry
Hardinge, Governor-General. Done at Amritsar the sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, corresponding with the seventeenth day of Rubee-ul-Awal (1262 Hijri).
143:
engages for himself and heirs to join, with the whole of his
Military Forces, the British troops when employed within the hills or in the territories adjoining his possessions." and in exchange under Article 9 "The British Government will give its aid to Maharajah
265:
Maharajah Gulab Singh acknowledges the supremacy of the
British Government and will in token of such supremacy present annually to the British Government one horse, twelve shawl goats of approved breed (six male and six female) and three pairs of Cashmere shawls.
233:
Maharajah Gulab Singh will refer to the arbitration of the British Government any disputes or question that may arise between himself and the Government of Lahore or any other neighboring State, and will abide by the decision of the British Government.
252:
Maharajah Gulab Singh engages to respect in regard to the territory transferred to him, the provisions of Articles V, VI and VII of the separate Engagement between the British Government and the Lahore Durbar, dated 11 March 1846.
200:
her Britannic Majesty's most Honorable Privy Council, Governor-General of the possessions of the East India Company, to direct and control all the affairs in the East Indies and by Maharajah Gulab Singh in person - 1846.
171:
To pay for this, from the very start the Kashmiris were heavily taxed and complained of being sold into slavery and extensive literature was written by the British writers regarding these treaties. The
240:
Maharajah Gulab Singh engages for himself and heirs to join, with the whole of his Military Forces, the British troops when employed within the hills or in the territories adjoining his possessions.
246:
Maharajah Gulab Singh engages never to take to retain in his service any British subject nor the subject of any European or American State without the consent of the British Government.
207:
excluding Lahol, being part of the territories ceded to the British Government by the Lahore State according to the provisions of Article IV of the Treaty of Lahore, dated 9 March 1846.
160:
pay 75 thousand Nanakshahee Rupees for the war-indemnity. The angry courtiers of Lahore (particularly the baptized Sikh, Lal Singh) then incited the governor of Kashmir to rebel against
149:
and directly with the Royal Navy, The British Army, the merchant navy and Gilgit Scouts as mentioned by Major William A. Brown in his book The Gilgit Rebellion 1947.
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113:(Sikh) (4 September 1838 – 22 October 1893) and the British Empire on (9 March 1846), Jammu was taken over by the British Empire on paper. Article 12 of the
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The limits of territories of Maharajah Gulab Singh shall not be at any time changed without concurrence of the British Government.
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The British Government will give its aid to Maharajah Gulab Singh in protecting his territories from external enemies.
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Lacking the resources to occupy such a large region immediately after annexing portions of Punjab, the British got
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Gulab Singh of Jammu, Ladakh, and Kashmir, 1792-1846 University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966
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Kashir, Being a History of Kashmir from the Earliest Times to Our Own, Volume 2
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The Jammu Fox: A Biography of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Kashmir, 1792-1857
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Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir
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Jamwal agreed to serve the British Empire under Article 6: "Maharajah
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A Global History of Anti-Slavery Politics in the Nineteenth Century
649:. People's Publishing House, 1954 - Jammu and Kashmir. p. 10.
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Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-2: 1803-1920)
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675:. Light & Life Publishers, 1974 - Jammu and Kashmir.
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Then as part of the Treaty of Amritsar (1846) Maharaja
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India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict Or Cooperation?
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16 March 1846. It formalised the arrangements in the
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Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi
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1846 treaty between the East India Company and Jammu
583:. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 263.
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393:Fenech, E. Louis; Mcleod, H. W. (11 June 2014).
361:. Princeton University Press. pp. 27, 133.
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127:Original receipt of the transfer of Kashmir by
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192:Following is the detailed treaty of Amritsar
109:, signed between the seven year old Maharaja
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579:Bawa, Satinder Singh (1974).
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274:(Signed) H. Hardinge (Seal)
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19:Not to be confused with
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282:(Signed) H. M. Lawrence
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38:of Jammu after the
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178:3 & 4 Will. 4
44:Jammu and Kashmir
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1264:Diwan Mulraj
1254:Pratap Singh
1211:Zorawar Fort
866:2nd Anandpur
861:1st Anandpur
819:Duleep Singh
794:Kharak Singh
789:Ranjit Singh
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66:between the
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1389:Hukma Singh
1304:Gulab Singh
1234:Dhian Singh
1206:Lahore Fort
1196:Multan Fort
1191:Jamrud Fort
1144:Qing Empire
1112:Adversaries
1098:Fauj-i-Khas
775:Sikh Empire
182:Gulab Singh
162:Gulab Singh
158:Gulab Singh
146:Gulab Singh
141:Gulab Singh
137:Gulab Singh
99:Gulab Singh
97:, Maharaja
80:Sikh Empire
72:Gulab Singh
54:Description
36:Gulab Singh
1561:Categories
1433:Foreigners
1394:Veer Singh
1369:Chandu Lal
1103:Fauj-i-Ain
809:Sher Singh
804:Chand Kaur
305:References
263:Article 10
1299:Lal Singh
1294:Tej Singh
1171:of Poonch
921:Jalalabad
830:conflicts
814:Jind Kaur
615:cite book
257:Article 9
250:Article 8
244:Article 7
238:Article 6
231:Article 5
225:Article 4
218:Article 3
211:Article 2
204:Article 1
70:and Raja
34:and Raja
1519:Treaties
901:Sadhaura
871:Chamkaur
828:Military
327:Archived
288:See also
117:stated:
86:rule in
1227:Natives
1169:Sudhans
916:Lohgarh
896:Sirhind
886:Sonepat
881:Muktsar
93:During
88:Kashmir
1054:Others
891:Samana
856:Basoli
851:Nadaun
782:Rulers
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153:1947.
1184:Forts
936:Delhi
926:Jammu
911:Rahon
876:Sarsa
84:Dogra
621:link
497:ISBN
401:ISBN
363:ISBN
26:The
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