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from at least 3000 years ago. Here one of the brothers leaves his heart on the top of the flower of the acacia and falls dead when it is cut down. Sometimes, however, the tree is a mysterious token which shows its sympathy with an absent hero by weakening or dying, as the man becomes ill or loses his
295:
Sometimes the new-born child is associated with a newly planted tree with which its life is supposed to be bound up; or, on ceremonial occasions (betrothal, marriage, ascent to the throne), a personal relationship of this kind is instituted by planting trees, upon the fortunes of which the career of
341:
The custom of transferring disease or sickness from humans to trees is well known. Sometimes the hair, nails, clothing, etc. of a sickly person are fixed to a tree, or they are forcibly inserted in a hole in the trunk, or the tree is split and the patient passes through the aperture. Where the tree
296:
the individual depends. Sometimes, boughs or plants are selected and the individual draws omens of life and death. Again, a person will put themselves into relationship with a tree by depositing upon it something which has been in close contact with them, such as hair or clothing.
900:
Bell's New
Pantheon; Or, Historical Dictionary of the Gods, Demi-gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages of Antiquity: Also, of the Images and Idols Adored in the Pagan World; Together with Their Temples, Priests, Altars, Oracles, Fasts, Festivals, Games
60:, and the annual death and revival of their foliage, have often seen them as powerful symbols of growth, death and rebirth. Evergreen trees, which largely stay green throughout these cycles, are sometimes considered symbols of the eternal,
241:
The world tree, with its branches reaching up into the sky, and roots deep into the earth, can be seen to dwell in three worlds—a link between heaven, the earth, and the underworld, uniting above and below. This great tree acts as an
330:, and if they were cut down by mortals, the gods punished them since the beings in the trees were believed to die. Important sacred trees are also the object of pilgrimage, one of the most noteworthy being the branch of the
368:. Propitiation is made before the axe is laid to the holy trees; loss of life or of wealth and the failure of rain are feared should they be wantonly cut; there are even trees which it is dangerous to climb. The Talein of
342:
has been thus injured, its recovery and that of the patient are often associated. Different explanations may be found of such customs which naturally take rather different forms among peoples in different grades.
349:; sacrifices are made, and the sick who sleep beneath them receive prescriptions in their dreams. Here, as frequently elsewhere, it is dangerous to pull a bough. This dread of damaging special trees is familiar:
558:, an element of the plot is the Nemeton, a sacred tree from which druids draw power through human sacrifices, and which later acts as a beacon, drawing supernatural entities to the nearby town of Beacon Hills.
483:
series, one of the main religions, that of "the old gods" or "the gods of the North", involves sacred groves of trees ("godswoods") with a white tree with red leaves at the center known as the "heart tree".
198:) prayers. Wreaths, ribbons or rags are suspended to win favor for sick humans or livestock, or merely for good luck. Popular belief associates the sites with healing, bewitching, or mere wishing.
338:
brought thither before the
Christian era. The tree spirits will hold sway over the surrounding forest or district, and the animals in the locality are often sacred and must not be harmed.
190:
In many parts of the world travelers have observed the custom of hanging objects upon trees in order to establish some sort of a relationship between themselves and the tree. Throughout
642:
126:
975:
282:. Sometimes a man's life depends upon the tree and suffers when it withers or is injured, and we encounter the idea of the external soul, already found in the
360:
Early
Buddhism held that trees had neither mind nor feeling and might lawfully be cut; but it recognized that certain spirits might reside in them, such as
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827:
801:
775:
292:
life. These two features very easily combine, and they agree in representing to us mysterious sympathy between tree and human life.
380:, a tree either located at the end of a valley or on a cliff near the sea, is used by the soul as a gateway to the Underworld (AKA
209:
recorded a tree honored by numerous offerings (rags, meat, cigars, etc.); libations were made to it, and horses were sacrificed.
102:
991:
682:
1100:
1079:
1061:
1043:
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937:
56:, and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages. Human beings, observing the growth and death of
1165:
851:
1170:
532:
1160:
486:
In Leigh
Bardugo's Six of Crows, the Fjerdans worship a god called Djel, symbolized as a white ash tree.
1175:
929:
554:
353:
instructed the woodman to sacrifice to the male or female deity before thinning a grove, while in the
542:
152:
42:
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692:
622:
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were seen as manifestations of a goddess who offers her blessings by giving fruits in abundance.
246:, supporting or holding up the cosmos. In European mythology, the best-known example is the tree
795:
357:
to
Aphrodite the tree nymph is wounded when the tree is injured, and dies when the trunk falls.
318:
of the teacher, and the terebinth of the diviners may reasonably be placed in this category. In
1142:
919:
479:
894:
546:
456:
1136:
756:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
549:
people, like the
Hometrees, the Tree of Souls and the Tree of Voices as well as Woodsprites.
617:
525:
461:
429:
287:
45:. It is worshipped by Buddhists. The sacred fig is also venerated in Hinduism and Jainism.
8:
762:
582:
490:
311:
were inhabited by gods who gave responses, and so numerous are the examples that the old
898:
266:
throughout the world reflect a firmly-rooted belief in an intimate connection between a
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The presence of trees in myth sometimes occurs in connection to the concept of the
148:
194:, trees are known as sites of pilgrimages, ritual ambulation, and the recital of (
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1033:
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was tended by priests who slept on the ground. Forms of the tall oaks of the old
251:
235:
156:
85:
33:
1071:
Nordic Runes: Understanding, Casting, and
Interpreting the Ancient Viking Oracle
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as part of the scenery where the soul of the deceased finds blissful repose.
114:
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652:
465:
400:
195:
167:
134:
110:
69:
1010:
A History of the
Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990
953:
411:
677:
471:
361:
267:
163:
122:
61:
1135:
805:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 685.
779:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 235.
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577:
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19:
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habitates trees, which are of fundamental importance for the
464:
stands as a symbol of Gondor in the Court of the
Fountain in
369:
323:
275:
143:
820:
223:
831:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
521:
474:
describes a "holy tree" in his poem "The Two Trees" (1893).
346:
271:
57:
643:
Sacred trees and groves in
Germanic paganism and mythology
138:
1004:, London & Edinburgh. Vol I chapter 2 Tree Worship.
1116:
Ziffer, Irit. "WESTERN ASIATIC TREE-GODDESSES". In:
1035:
The Meaning of Trees: Botany, History, Healing, Lore
376:woodman will place a fresh sprig upon the tree. In
322:, oak trees are said to be inhabited by spirits or
372:prays to the tree before he cuts it down, and the
1152:
133:both appear to have involved cultic practice in
918:
345:In Arab folklore, sacred trees are haunted by
16:Significance of trees in religion and folklore
170:. Trees are an attribute of the archetypical
1054:Trees in Indian Art, Mythology, and Folklore
424:In literature, a mythology was developed by
399:, or Kadambariyamman, associated with the
121:, trees are often said to be the homes of
1120:20 (2010): 411-30. Accessed May 8, 2021.
1074:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company.
1067:
1031:
893:
1088:
815:
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559:
489:
410:
257:
222:
18:
887:
52:are significant in many of the world's
1153:
103:tree of the knowledge of good and evil
508:In the third (sixth chronologically)
299:Often a tree will be associated with
1122:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23789949
1092:The Forest in Folklore and Mythology
761:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
391:, such as Puliyidaivalaiyamman, the
13:
1110:
683:Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
415:A temple in India with the sacred
14:
1187:
1128:
725:
502:
147:itself possibly derives from the
749:
406:
179:
967:
946:
1095:. Courier Dover Publications.
1013:. Cambridge University Press.
912:
878:
866:
844:
835:
809:
783:
442:combines the allegorical tale
432:playing a central role in his
1:
1068:Mountfort, Paul Rhys (2003).
719:
212:
1089:Porteous, Alexander (2002).
76:occurs in many mythologies.
7:
570:
10:
1192:
1024:Gollwitzer, Gerda (1984).
930:University of Hawaii Press
873:"The Voyage of the Beagle"
564:Tree worship in Chandigarh
436:cosmogony. Tolkien's 1964
216:
183:
1052:Malla, Bansi Lal (2000).
1028:, DuMont Buchverlag Köln.
477:In George R. R. Martin's
153:Egyptian Book of the Dead
1032:Hageneder, Fred (2005).
976:Die Mythologie der Bäume
796:"Teutonic Peoples"
1166:Mythological archetypes
1007:Forsyth, James (1992).
982:Brosse, Jaques (1989).
884:Mountfort 2003:41, 279.
828:Encyclopædia Britannica
802:Encyclopædia Britannica
776:Encyclopædia Britannica
698:Tree of life (Kabbalah)
693:Tree of life (biblical)
623:Mesoamerican world tree
1143:Encyclopedia Americana
565:
499:
480:A Song of Ice and Fire
420:
238:
137:, especially grove of
46:
31:is believed to be the
984:Mythologie des arbres
973:Becker, Lore (2002).
563:
524:worship trees on the
493:
457:The Lord of the Rings
414:
258:Religion and folklore
226:
79:Examples include the
22:
1137:"Tree Worship"
763:Cook, Stanley Arthur
618:List of tree deities
526:forest moon of Endor
462:White Tree of Gondor
430:Two Trees of Valinor
288:Tale of Two Brothers
83:and the sacred fig (
1171:Religious practices
1118:Ägypten Und Levante
1038:. Chronicle Books.
1026:Botschaft der Bäume
841:Gollwitzer 1984:13.
583:Celtic sacred trees
68:. The image of the
1161:Trees in mythology
925:Hawaiian Mythology
904:J. Bell. pp.
854:. Oxford Reference
566:
543:Pandoran biosphere
533:fictional universe
517:Return of the Jedi
500:
421:
378:Hawaiian tradition
239:
127:Germanic mythology
47:
1176:Trees in religion
992:978-2-228-88711-3
668:Sidrat al-Muntaha
552:In the TV series
131:Celtic polytheism
1183:
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755:
753:
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746:
613:Karam (festival)
598:Enchanted forest
494:Tree worship at
451:On Fairy-Stories
426:J. R. R. Tolkien
284:Ancient Egyptian
1191:
1190:
1186:
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1184:
1182:
1181:
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1111:Further reading
1103:
1082:
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970:
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958:www.khandro.net
952:
951:
947:
940:
932:. p. 155.
920:Martha Beckwith
917:
913:
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888:
883:
879:
871:
867:
857:
855:
852:"locus amoenus"
850:
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840:
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814:
810:
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784:
750:
748:
747:
726:
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588:Ceremonial pole
573:
505:
409:
264:popular stories
260:
252:Norse mythology
236:Norse mythology
221:
215:
188:
182:
86:Ficus religiosa
34:Ficus religiosa
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1178:
1173:
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1129:External links
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1080:
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1002:Rivers of Life
998:Forlong, James
995:
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979:, Papyrus 1-2.
969:
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877:
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834:
819:, ed. (1911).
817:Chisholm, Hugh
808:
793:, ed. (1911).
791:Chisholm, Hugh
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771:Chisholm, Hugh
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628:Nature worship
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593:Christmas tree
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504:
503:In film and TV
501:
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487:
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448:and his essay
445:Leaf by Niggle
408:
405:
386:Ancient Indian
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217:Main article:
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184:Main article:
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39:Gautama Buddha
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822:"Norns"
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633:New Year tree
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439:Tree and Leaf
435:
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427:
423:
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418:
413:
407:In literature
404:
402:
398:
397:tamarind tree
395:deity of the
394:
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303:. The oak of
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203:South America
199:
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187:
180:Wishing trees
177:
175:
174:
173:locus amoenus
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
151:for oak. The
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:sacred groves
132:
128:
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115:folk religion
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43:enlightenment
40:
36:
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26:
21:
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1008:
1001:
983:
974:
968:Bibliography
957:
948:
924:
914:
899:
889:
880:
875:, Chapter IV
868:
856:. Retrieved
846:
837:
826:
811:
800:
785:
774:
767:Tree-Worship
688:Tree of life
673:Talking tree
658:Sacred herbs
653:Sacred grove
553:
536:
535:of the film
515:
509:
478:
466:Minas Tirith
455:
449:
443:
437:
401:kadamba tree
389:tree deities
359:
355:Homeric poem
344:
340:
298:
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286:
261:
240:
200:
189:
171:
168:sacred grove
161:
142:
123:tree spirits
111:Christianity
84:
78:
70:Tree of life
49:
48:
37:under which
32:
678:Trail trees
472:W. B. Yeats
382:Pit of Milu
362:Nang Takian
268:human being
164:sacred tree
149:Celtic word
141:. The term
129:as well as
62:immortality
54:mythologies
1155:Categories
720:References
708:World tree
638:Plant soul
603:Five Trees
578:Axis mundi
434:mythopoeic
328:hamadryads
320:Greek myth
244:axis mundi
219:World tree
213:World tree
74:world tree
25:Bodhi Tree
895:John Bell
765:(1911). "
703:Wish tree
555:Teen Wolf
511:Star Wars
336:Sri Lanka
316:terebinth
309:Prussians
262:Numerous
248:Yggdrasil
232:World Ash
228:Yggdrasil
196:Christian
186:Wish Tree
157:sycamores
155:mentions
66:fertility
41:attained
29:Bodh Gaya
1000:(1883).
922:(1976).
897:(1790).
571:See also
498:in India
384:). Some
366:Thailand
166:and the
119:folklore
95:Buddhism
91:Hinduism
1146:. 1920.
954:"Trees"
858:23 June
773:(ed.).
760::
663:Sefirot
541:, the
531:In the
374:African
332:Bo tree
326:called
301:oracles
107:Judaism
99:Jainism
1099:
1078:
1060:
1042:
1017:
990:
936:
769:". In
754:
538:Avatar
520:, the
514:film,
496:Kannur
460:, the
428:, his
417:banyan
324:nymphs
313:Hebrew
305:Dodona
280:flower
270:and a
230:, the
207:Darwin
192:Europe
101:, the
81:banyan
713:Zapis
547:Na'vi
522:Ewoks
454:. In
393:Tamil
370:Burma
276:plant
250:from
144:druid
113:. In
89:) in
58:trees
50:Trees
1097:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1015:ISBN
988:ISBN
934:ISBN
860:2016
419:Tree
351:Cato
347:jinn
272:tree
117:and
109:and
97:and
23:The
908:–7.
906:366
901:...
364:in
334:at
278:or
234:of
201:In
139:oak
105:of
72:or
64:or
27:of
1157::
1140:.
1056:,
986:,
956:.
928:.
825:.
799:.
727:^
274:,
254:.
205:,
176:.
125:.
93:,
1124:.
1105:.
1084:.
1064:.
1048:.
1021:.
994:.
960:.
942:.
862:.
528:.
468:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
