Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard

1618:. Looking to take the initiative, Trenchard arranged to see Beatty, meeting with him in early December, Trenchard, arguing that the "air is one and indivisible", put forward a case for an air force with its own strategic role which also controlled army and navy co-operation squadrons. Beatty did not accept Trenchard's argument and Trenchard resorted to asking for a 12 months amnesty to put his plans into action. The request appealed to Beatty's sense of fair play, and he agreed to let Trenchard be until the end of 1920. Around this time Trenchard indicated to Beatty that control over some supporting elements of naval aviation (but not aircrew or aircraft) might be returned to the Admiralty. Trenchard also offered Beatty the option of locating the Air Ministry staff who worked in connection with naval aviation at the Admiralty. Beatty declined the offer and later, when no transfer of any naval aviation assets occurred, came to the view that Trenchard had acted in bad faith. 716:. The Boers rode up a steep slope and disappeared into the valley beyond. When Trenchard made the ridge he saw the Dwarsvlei farmhouse with smoke coming from the chimney. It appeared to him that the Boers thought they had got away and were eating breakfast unawares. He placed his troops on the heights around the building and after half an hour's observation led a patrol of four men down towards the farmhouse. The remainder of the company were to close in on his signal. However, when Trenchard and his patrol reached the valley floor and broke cover the Boers opened fire from about a dozen points and bullets whistled past it. He pressed forward reaching the sheltering wall of the farmhouse. As he headed for the door, Trenchard was hit by a Boer bullet to the chest. The rest of the company, seeing their leader fall, descended from the heights to engage the Boers at 1407:, which was to conduct long-range bombing operations against Germany. Instead, Trenchard, seeking equal status with Sykes, argued for a re-organisation of the R.A.F. which would have seen him appointed as the RAF's commander of fighting operations, while Sykes would have been left to deal with administrative matters. Weir did not accept his proposal and instead gave Trenchard several options. Trenchard rejected the offer of a proposed new post which would have meant a London-based command of the bombing operations conducted from Ochey, arguing that the responsibility was Newall's under the direction of Salmond. He also turned down the post of Grand Co-ordinator of British and American air policy, and that of Inspector General of the R.A.F. overseas. Weir then offered him command of all 1054:'. His flying ability still left much to be desired, and Longmore soon discovered his pupil's deficiencies. Over the following weeks, Trenchard spent many hours improving his flying technique. After he had finished his flying course, he was officially appointed as an instructor. However, he was a poor pilot and he did no instructing, instead becoming involved in administrative duties. As a member of the staff, he organised the training and establishment of procedures for the new arm. He paid particular attention to ensuring that skills were acquired in practical topics such as map reading, signalling, and engine mechanics. It was during his time at the Central Flying School that he earned the nickname "Boom", either for his stentorian utterances, or for his low rumbling tones. 972:, where the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers were garrisoned. He was reduced from a temporary lieutenant-colonel to major and made a company commander. He occupied himself during the routine of garrison life with playing polo and he took up hunting. Finding peace-time regimental life dull, he sought to expand his area of responsibility by attempting to reorganise his fellow officers' administrative procedures, which they resented. He also clashed with Colonel Stuart, his commanding officer, who told him that the town was too small for both of them, and by February 1912 had resorted to applying for employment with various colonial defence forces, without success. 2009: 1778: 1264:

Germany in principle, he rejected moves to divert his forces on to long-range bombing missions as he believed the strategic role to be less important and his resource to be too limited. Secondly, he stressed the importance of morale, not only of his own airmen, but more generally the detrimental effect that the presence of an aircraft had upon the morale of enemy ground troops. Finally, he had an unswerving belief in the importance of offensive action. Although this belief was widely held by senior British commanders in the war, the R.F.C.'s routinely offensive strategy resulted in the loss of many of its air crews and machines, and some doubted its military validity.

1358:. However, as the weeks went on they became increasingly estranged personally, and a low point was reached in mid-March when Trenchard discovered that Rothermere had promised the Navy 4000 aircraft for anti-submarine duties. He accorded the highest priority to air operations on the Western Front's land campaign: there were fewer than 400 spare aircraft in the United Kingdom. On 18 March they exchanged letters, Trenchard expressing his dissatisfaction and Rothermere curtly replying. The following day Trenchard sent Rothermere a letter of resignation. and although Rothermere asked him to remain, Trenchard only agreed to defer the date until after 1 April 1918, when the 490:, less than three miles (4 km) from the centre of Taunton. The country setting meant that he could enjoy an outdoor life, including spending time hunting rabbits and other small animals with the rifle he was given on his eighth birthday. It was during his junior years that he and his siblings were educated at home by a resident tutor, whom Trenchard did not respect. Unfortunately for his education, the tutor was neither strict enough nor skillful enough to overcome the children's mischievous attempts to avoid receiving instruction. As a consequence, Trenchard did not excel academically; however, his enthusiasm for games and 1501:, his aide-de-camp. He initially attempted to speak with the disorderly mob of soldiers, but was heckled and jostled in the process. He then summoned a detachment of two hundred and fifty reliable troops in fighting order to be sent into Southampton to confront the situation. On their arrival he issued them with extra ammunition for their rifles, and ordered them to fix bayonets, and leading them to the dock's sheds where the protesting troops were gathered, summarily threatened the recalcitrant troops with fire being opened upon them if they failed immediately to come back into order, at which they complied. 981: 7005: 1554: 6704: 1685: 81: 1933:, possibly as a pretext to remove Trenchard from England. He turned the post down, saying that the role required a younger man who had up-to-date knowledge of training matters. He then spent the remainder of 1939 arguing that the RAF should be used to strike against Germany from its bases in France. In 1940 he was offered the job of co-ordinating the camouflaging of England, which he flatly refused. Without an official role he took it upon himself to spend the spring of 1940 visiting RAF units, including those of the 1910: 2225: 397:, he volunteered for service in South Africa. While fighting the Boers, Trenchard was critically wounded and as a result of his injury, he lost a lung, was partially paralysed and returned to Great Britain. On medical advice, Trenchard travelled to Switzerland to recuperate and boredom saw him taking up bobsleighing. After a heavy crash, Trenchard found that his paralysis was gone and that he could walk unaided. Following further recuperation, Trenchard returned to active service in South Africa. 1653:. In early 1920 he suggested that it could even be used to violently suppress if necessary "industrial disturbances, or risings" in the United Kingdom itself, following on from his experience in such matters in successfully quelling the troop mutiny at Southampton Docks in the previous year. Churchill was unsettled at Trenchard's apparent willingness to use lethal military force domestically upon British subjects, and told him by reply not to refer to this proposal again. 1530:, Trenchard agreed to consider the offer. Churchill, not wanting to leave matters hanging, asked Trenchard to provide him with a paper outlining his ideas on the re-organisation of the Air Ministry. Trenchard's briefly written statement of the essentials required met with Churchill's approval, and he insisted that Trenchard take the appointment, Trenchard returning to the Air Ministry in mid-February and formally taking up post as Chief of the Air Staff on 31 March 1919. 6768: 337: 1354:

preventing a repeat of the strategic stalemate which had occurred along the Western Front. Also during this period Trenchard resisted pressure from several press barons to support an "air warfare scheme", which would have seen the British armies withdrawn from France and an attempt to defeat Germany entrusted to the R.A.F. Despite the differences with Rothermere, Trenchard was able to put in place planning for the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the

6179: 1980: 1952:, Trenchard used his position in the Lords to attack what he saw as the Government's half-hearted prosecution of the war. When Churchill replaced Chamberlain as Prime Minister, Trenchard was asked to organise the defence of aircraft factories. He declined on the grounds that he was not interested in helping the general who already had the responsibility. Towards the end of the month Churchill offered him a job that would have seen him acting as a 1522:. While Churchill was preoccupied with implementing post-war defence cuts and the demobilization of the Army, the Chief of the Air Staff, Major-General Frederick Sykes, submitted a paper with what were at the time unrealistic proposals for a large air force of the future. Being dissatisfied with Sykes, Churchill began to consider reinstating Trenchard, whose recent performance at Southampton had once more brought him into favour with Churchill. 5962: 2128: 1537:. During this period he wrote to Katherine Boyle (née Salvin), the widow of his friend and fellow officer James Boyle, whom he knew from his time in Ireland. At his request, Mrs Boyle took on the task of nursing him back to health. Once he had recovered, he proposed marriage to Katherine Boyle, who refused. Trenchard remained in contact with her, and when he proposed marriage again, she accepted. On 17 July 1920, they were married at 1231: 1734:, becoming the first person to hold the R.A.F.'s highest rank. The following year he began to feel that he had achieved all he could as Chief of the Air Staff and that he should give way to a younger man, and he offered his resignation to the Cabinet in late 1928, although it was not initially accepted. Around the same time as Trenchard was considering his future the British Legation and some European diplomatic staff based in 777: 6778: 6162: 6150: 6138: 6126: 6114: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6054: 6042: 6030: 6018: 6006: 1349:, and he was appointed Chief of the Air Staff on the newly formed Air Council. He began work on 18 January. During his first month at the Air Ministry he clashed with Rothermere over several issues. First, Rothermere's tendency to disregard his professional advisors in favour of outside experts irritated Trenchard. Secondly, Rothermere insisted that Trenchard claim as many men for the newly formed 704:. During September and early October 1900, it was involved in several skirmishes in the surrounding countryside. On 5 October the 6th Brigade, including Trenchard, departed Krugersdorp with the intention of drawing the Boers into battle on the plain where they might be defeated. However, before the brigade could reach the plain it had to pass through undulating terrain which favoured the Boer 1814:, introducing limited terms of employment, and the creation of separate career paths for the lower and higher ranks akin to the military system of officer and non-commissioned career streams. The recruitment base was broadened, and persons with university degrees were encouraged to apply. Perhaps Trenchard's most well-known achievement during his time as Commissioner was the establishment of the 498: 1665:, meant that Trenchard was able to modestly expand the R.A.F.'s strength, and over the next two years, 25 auxiliary squadrons were created. It was during this period that he oversaw the introduction of the short-service commission scheme. which proved to be useful in providing some of the regular manning on the new squadrons. He also instigated the 1769:, becoming the RAF's first peer. Looking back over Trenchard's time as Chief of the Air Staff, while he had successfully preserved the fledgling R.A.F., his emphasis on the Air Force providing defence at a comparatively low cost had led to a stagnation and even deterioration in the quality of the service's fighting equipment. 836: 517:, he struggled with the rest of the curriculum. However, his parents were not greatly concerned by his educational difficulties, believing that it would be no impediment to him following a military career. Georgina Trenchard wanted her son to follow her father's profession and enter the Royal Navy. In 1884 he was moved to 1462:, attacking German airfields in that sector of the front, along with supply depots and rail lines. Trenchard's close co-operation with the Americans and the French was formalized when his command was redesignated the Inter-Allied Independent Air Force in late October 1918, and placed directly under the orders of 1855:

that the Committee of Imperial Defence should be placed under the chairmanship of a politician. Hankey responded by accusing Trenchard of "trying to stab him in the back." By 1936 the idea of bolstering the Committee of Imperial Defence had become a popular point of debate and Trenchard presented his

1144:. He accepted the offer on the basis that he would not be subordinated to Sykes, whom he distrusted. The next month, the Military Wing was abolished and its units based in the United Kingdom were re-grouped as the Administrative Wing. Command of the Administrative Wing was given to Lieutenant Colonel 868:

and nine mixed-race guides. After riding through the night, Trenchard's party were ambushed the next morning. He and his men took cover and gave fight. After Trenchard's column had suffered casualties, the ambush party withdrew. Although this last mission failed, he was praised for his efforts with a

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listened to his account of the events which caused him to resign. Trenchard then wrote to the Prime Minister stating the facts of his case and pointing out that in the course of the affair, Rothermere had stated his intention to resign also. Trenchard's letter was circulated among the Cabinet, with

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that Haig had refused to release Trenchard. Trenchard defended in the debate Haig's policy of constant attacks on the Western Front, arguing that it had been preferable to standing on the defensive, and he himself also had maintained an offensive posture throughout the war which, like the infantry,

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that his spine was somehow readjusted, enabling him to walk freely immediately after regaining consciousness. Around a week later, he won the St. Moritz Tobogganing Club's Freshman and Novices' Cups for 1901, a remarkable triumph for a man who had been unable to walk unaided only a few days before.

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Trenchard developed a negative view of Hankey, whom he saw as being more interested in maintaining unanimity among the service heads than dealing with weaknesses in British defence arrangements. He began to speak privately against Hankey who, for his part, had no liking for Trenchard in return. By

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were causing Trenchard some difficulty as he sought to develop the institutions of the R.A.F. He had to argue against the view that the Army and Navy should provide all the support services and education, leaving the R.A.F. only to provide flying training. He viewed this idea as a precursor to the

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when he overheard a naval officer saying to another: "I don't know why the Government should pander to a man who threw in his hand at the height of a battle, if I'd my way with Trenchard I'd have him shot." Afterwards Trenchard walked home and wrote to Weir accepting command of the as yet unformed

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in March the R.F.C., and especially the First Wing, supported the operation. This was the first time that aircraft were used as bombers with missiles strapped to the wings and fuselage as opposed to being released by hand which had happened earlier in the war. However, the bombing from the air had

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was characterised by three priorities. First was an emphasis on support to and co-ordination with ground forces. This started with reconnaissance and artillery co-ordination, and later encompassed tactical low-level bombing of enemy ground targets. While he did not oppose the strategic bombing of

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was appointed Chief of the Air Staff and Trenchard did not hesitate in criticising him. As an ardent supporter of the bomber, Trenchard found much to disagree with in the air expansion programme, its emphasis on defensive fighter aircraft, and he wrote about it directly to the Cabinet. Trenchard

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During the first week in February, Trenchard was summoned to London by official telegram. At the War Office Churchill asked him to come back as Chief of the Air Staff. Trenchard replied that he could not take up the appointment as Sykes was currently in post. After Churchill indicated that Sykes

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in April and May, the First Wing's crews flew reconnaissance sorties using aerial cameras over the German lines. Despite the detailed information this provided and the improved air-artillery cooperation during the battles, the offensives were inconclusive. At the end of this engagement Henderson

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considered that his greatest gift to the R.A.F. was the belief that mastery of the air must be gained and retained through offensive action. During his life, Trenchard strongly argued that the bomber was the key weapon of an air force, and he is recognized today as one of the early advocates of

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coaching in order to strengthen his remaining lung. Early in the summer of 1901, he entered two tennis competitions, reaching the semi-finals both times and gaining favourable press coverage. He then sent the newspaper clippings to the doctors at the War Office, arguing that this tennis ability

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to make such a speech and he was expected to cover several highlights of the Royal Scots Fusiliers' history. Instead, he simply said "I am deeply proud to belong to this great regiment", followed by "I hope one day I shall live to command it." His 'speech' was received with hoots of incredulous

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on 21 March 1918, Trenchard ordered all available reserves of aircrew, engines and aircraft to be speedily transported to France. Reports reached him on 26 March that concentrations of Flying Corps' machines were assisting in stopping German advances. On 5 April, Trenchard travelled to France,

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It was during this period of his life in India that he took up reading. His first choice was for biographies, particularly of British heroes, and he kept the long hours he spent reading unobtrusive, but in so doing succeeded in providing himself with an education where the service crammers had

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on morale-raising visits. As a peer, a friend of Churchill's and with direct connections to the Air Staff, he championed the cause of the Air Force in the House of Lords, in the press and with the government, submitting several secret essays concerning the importance he attached to air power.

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On Henderson's return to the War Office in the summer of 1915, Trenchard was promoted to brigadier-general and appointed Officer Commanding the R.F.C.'s units in France. He was to serve as the head of the R.F.C. in the field until the early days of 1918. In December 1915 when Douglas Haig was

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as possible, even if they might be better employed in the other services. Thirdly, Rothermere and Trenchard disagreed on nominees for senior appointments in the R.A.F. Finally and most significantly, they disagreed over proper future use of air power which Trenchard judged as being vital in

1065:. His experiences here developed his understanding of the military utility of flyers working in cooperation with the British Army's ground forces. In September 1913, he was appointed Assistant Commandant and promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel. Trenchard's paths crossed once more with 633:, with whom he clashed on the field of play. Trenchard's sporting prowess saved his reputation among his fellow officers. In other respects he did not fit in, lacking social graces and choosing to converse little, he was nicknamed "the camel", as like the beast he neither drank nor spoke. 1160:. On arrival he discovered that Sykes was to replace Henderson as commander of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field, making Sykes Trenchard's immediate superior. Trenchard bore Sykes some animosity and their working relationship was troubled. Trenchard appealed to Kitchener, by then the 930:, with the promise that he was entitled to lead all regimental expeditions. On arrival in Nigeria in December 1903, he initially had some difficulty in getting his commanding officer to allow him to lead the upcoming expedition, and only replaced his superior by going over his head. 1847:, was angered by Trenchard's intervention. Later that year, when the Government was considering entering into an international treaty that would have banned all bomber aircraft, Trenchard wrote to the Cabinet outlining his opposition to the idea. Ultimately the idea was dropped. 1834:

During his time as Metropolitan Police Commissioner, he maintained a keen interest in military affairs. In 1932, he aroused the Government's displeasure by submitting an unsolicited private paper outlining his idea for the air defence of Singapore. His ideas were rejected and the

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had resulted in the Flying Corps taking extremely heavy casualties. In the end, the brothers wore Trenchard down, and he accepted the post on the condition that he first be permitted to consult with Haig. After meeting with Haig, Trenchard wrote to Rothermere, accepting the post.

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a vindictive response written by Rothermere. Around the same time, the question of Rothermere's general competence as Air Minister was brought to the attention of Lloyd George. Rothermere, realising his situation, offered his resignation, which was made public on 25 April 1918.

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on their location and he hoped to damage the morale of Boer commandos at large by sending a small group of men to capture their political leadership. Trenchard was accompanied by a column of so-called loyalist Boers whose motives he distrusted. Also with him were several British

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later increased the target to 60. In order to begin the task of creating these squadrons, Trenchard commandeered his old civilian training school at Brooklands, and then used its aircraft and equipment as a starting point for the establishment of new training schools elsewhere.

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from Air Ministry to Admiralty control was raised and although Trenchard opposed the move in the Lords, in the Press and in private conversations, he now lacked the influence to prevent the transfer, which took place in 1937. Beyond politics, he took on the Chairmanship of the

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Trenchard spent the remainder of 1901 on patrolling duties, and in early 1902 he was appointed acting commander of the 23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment. During the last few months of the war, he only once got the opportunity to lead his regiment into action. In response to Boer

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were accomplished horsemen and the tactics of the day placed a heavy strain upon the British cavalry. Accordingly, the British sought to raise mounted infantry units and Trenchard's polo-playing experiences led to him being selected to raise a mounted unit for service west of

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On 10 April, Rothermere informed Trenchard that the War Cabinet had accepted his resignation, and Trenchard was offered his old job in France. He refused the offer, saying that replacing Salmond at the height of battle would be "damnable". Three days later Major-General

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From mid-1940 onwards, Trenchard realised that by his rash demands in May he had excluded himself from a pivotal role in the British war effort. He then took it upon himself to act as an unofficial Inspector-General for the RAF, visiting deployed squadrons across

656:, who was concerned about the drain of leaders to South Africa, banned the dispatch of any further officers, Trenchard's prospects for seeing action looked bleak. However, a year or two previously, it had so happened that he had been promised help or advice from 1004:. Trenchard and Loraine had been friends in Nigeria, and on his return to England, Loraine had learned to fly. After some effort, Trenchard persuaded his commanding officer to grant him three months of paid leave so that he might train as a pilot. He arrived in 1561:

During the summer of 1919 he worked on completing the demobilization of the R.A.F. and establishing it on a peacetime basis. This was a sizable task as the force was budgeted to shrink from 280 squadrons to around 28. It was also during this time that the new

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John McDowall Skene. Although in the 1870s the Trenchards were living in an unremarkable fashion, their forebears had played significant roles in English history. Notable ancestors were Sir Thomas Trenchard, a High Sheriff of Dorset in the 16th century and

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During the war, the Trenchard elder stepson, John, was killed in action in Italy, and his younger stepson Edward was killed in a flying accident. His own first-born son, also called Hugh, was killed in North Africa in 1943. However, Trenchard's younger son

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team. Being of the infantry, his regiment had no history of playing polo and there were many obstacles to overcome. However, within six months the battalion polo team was competing and holding its own. It was during a polo match in 1896 that he first met

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for political reasons. Rothermere offered Trenchard the post of Chief of the Air Staff and before Trenchard could respond explained that Trenchard's support would be useful to him as he was about to launch a press campaign against Sir Douglas Haig and

1275:. Trenchard opposed this, believing that it would dilute the air support required by the ground forces in France. By October he realised that the creation of an "Air Force" was inevitable and, seeing that he was the obvious candidate to become the new 732:

After he was brought to the hospital in Krugersdorp, he slipped from semi-consciousness into unconsciousness. The surgeons believed that he would die as the bullet had punctured his left lung and they had removed six-and-a-half pints of blood from his

624:, for the most part conditions of peace and prosperity were evident and he was able to engage in various sporting activities. In early 1894 he won the All-India Rifle Championship. After his success at shooting, he set about establishing a battalion 1122:

In early October 1914, Kitchener sent for Trenchard and tasked him with providing a battle-worthy squadron forthwith. The squadron was to be used to support land and naval forces seeking to prevent the German flanking manoeuvres during the

832:, arriving there in late July 1901. He was assigned to a company of the 12th Mounted Infantry where patrolling duties required long days in the saddle. His wound still caused considerable pain, and the entry and exit scars frequently bled. 712:, who were in the vanguard, disturbed a Boer encampment. The Boers fled on horseback and Trenchard's company pursued them for 10 miles (16 km). The Boers, finding themselves unable to shake off Trenchard's pursuit, led them into an 858:

to expedite the training of a new corps of mounted infantry. Kitchener summoned Trenchard for the third time in October 1901, this time sending him on a mission to capture the Boer Government, who were in hiding. Kitchener had received

1032:, Trenchard's instructor, noted that teaching him to fly had been "no easy performance", Trenchard himself had been "a model pupil." His difficulties were in some measure due to his partial blindness in one eye, a fact he kept secret. 768:

where the air was likely to be of benefit to his lung. Neither he or his family could afford this expense, and he was too embarrassed to explain the situation. However, without asking any questions, Lady Dudley presented him with a

1896:. Although the evening started in a cordial fashion, it ended in a confrontation, with Göring announcing that "one day German might will make the whole world tremble". Trenchard replying that Göring "must be off his head". In 1937 1625:

of 1922, and the Salisbury Committee of 1923 all found in favour of the R.A.F. continued existence, despite lobbying from the Admiralty and opposition in Parliament. On each occasion Trenchard and his staff officers, supported by

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1935, Trenchard privately lobbied for Hankey's removal on the grounds that the nation's security was at stake. Following his departure from the Metropolitan Police, he was free to speak publicly. In December 1935 he wrote in

1466:. When the November 1918 armistice came, Trenchard sought permission from Foch to return his squadrons to British command, which was granted. Trenchard was succeeded as commander of the Independent Air Force by his deputy 801:

On arrival back in England, he visited Lady Dudley to thank her, and then set about engineering his return to South Africa. His lung was not fully healed, causing him pain and leaving him breathless. Furthermore, the

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and granted £10,000 for his war services. Although he had attained a measure of financial security, the future of the R.A.F, was far from assured. He judged that the chief threat to the new service came from the new

752:. He hobbled with the aid of sticks down the gangplank where his concerned parents met him. As a disabled soldier without independent financial means, he was now at his lowest point. He spent the next fortnight at a 741:, where he made further progress. However, when he tried to rise from his bed, he discovered that he was unable to put weight on his feet, leading him to suspect that he was partially paralysed. He was next moved to 637:

failed. However, in military terms Trenchard was dissatisfied. He failed to see any action during his time in India, missing out on his regiment's turn at the frontier, as he was sent to England on sick leave for a

2103:, after Trenchard's death. In the late 1940s and early 1950s he continued his involvement with the United Africa Company, holding the chairmanship until 1953 when he resigned. He wrote the Introduction to the book 1956:

all British land, air and sea forces at home should an invasion occur. Trenchard responded by bluntly stating that in order to be effective, the officer with such responsibility would need the military powers of a

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as it did not require much use of his legs. Initially he was prone to leave the run and end up in the snow, but after some days of practice he usually managed to stay on track. It was during a heavy crash from the

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In early January 1915 Haig summoned Trenchard to explain what might be achieved in the air war. During the meeting, Haig brought him into his confidence regarding plans by the First Army for a March attack in the

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Trenchard's work in establishing the R.A.F. and preserving its independence has led to him being called the "Father of the Royal Air Force". For his own part, he disliked the description, believing that General

1164:, threatening to resign. Trenchard's discomfort was relieved when in December 1914 Kitchener ordered that Henderson resume command of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field. The R.F.C.'s First Wing consisted of Nos 1008:

on 6 July 1912, only to discover that Captain Loraine had been killed in a flying accident on the previous day. At the age of 39, Trenchard was just short the maximum age of 40 for military student pilots at the

1447:, as the newly appointed Supreme Allied Commander, refused to recognize the Independent Air Force, which caused some logistical difficulties. The problems were resolved after a meeting of Trenchard and General 7540: 1883:

From late 1936 to 1939 he spent much of his time travelling overseas on behalf of the companies who employed him as a director. During one visit to Germany in the summer of 1937 he was hosted at a dinner by

1961:, and political power that would come from being Deputy Minister of Defence. Churchill was amazed at the reply, and refusing to grant Trenchard the enormous powers he sought withdrew the offer of the post. 850:, who was now the Commander-in-Chief in the South African theatre. He was tasked with re-organising a demoralised mounted infantry company, which was completed in under a month. Kitchener then sent him to 619:

Young officers stationed in India in the 1890s enjoyed many social and sporting diversions and Trenchard did little militarily. While every regiment was required to undertake a period of duty beyond the

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which had lower entry standards. Even the Militia's examinations proved difficult for Trenchard and he failed in 1891 and 1892. During this period he underwent a period of training as a probationary

697:. Part of the newly formed company consisted of a group of volunteer Australian horsemen who, thus far being under-employed, had largely been noticed for excessive drinking, gambling and debauchery. 7475: 1279:, he attempted to bring about a scheme whereby he would retain control of the flying units on the Western Front. In this regard he was unsuccessful, and he was succeeded in France by Major-General 1110:, refused to release him. Trenchard's new duties included providing replacements and raising new squadrons for service on the continent. He initially set himself a target of 12 squadrons; however, 745:

for convalescing and there he confirmed that he was suffering from partial paralysis below the waist. The doctors surmised that after passing through his lung, the bullet had damaged his spine.

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After a period of what was officially termed "special duty" in France, Trenchard was appointed General Officer Commanding of the Independent Air Force on 15 June 1918, with his headquarters in

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He continued to exert considerable influence over the Royal Air Force. Acting with Sir John Salmond he quietly but successfully lobbied for the removal of Newall as Chief of the Air Staff and

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Trenchard had many reasons for not accepting any of these posts, which he saw as titular, with little value and lacking practical authority. On 8 May 1918 Trenchard was sitting on a bench in

961:. Back in England, he did not recover quickly and probably prolonged his convalescence by over-exertion. However, by the late summer, he was well enough to take his parents on holiday to the 2115:'s conduct of military operations during the First World War, who had come under increasing societal condemnation post-war for the scale of the British Army's casualties, written by General 1972:

had recently concluded and Churchill was full of praise for Trenchard's pre-war efforts in establishing the RAF. Churchill made Trenchard his last job offer, this time as the reorganizer of

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Once established, Trenchard spent the next six years on various expeditions to the interior patrolling, surveying and mapping an area of 10,000 square miles which later came to be known as

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During the early 1920s, the continued independent existence of the R.A.F. and its control of naval aviation were subject to a series of Government reviews. The Balfour Report of 1921, the

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had co-opted Trenchard to the permanent staff. Part of Trenchard's new duties included those of school examiner, and so he set himself a paper, sat it, marked it and awarded himself his '

299: 1332:, who was also present, then spent over 12 hours acrimoniously debating with Trenchard. The brothers pointed out that if Trenchard refused, they would use the fact to attack Haig on the 1028:

aviator's certificate (No. 270) on a Henry Farman biplane. The course had cost £75, involved a meagre two and a half weeks' tuition and a grand total of 64 minutes in the air. Although

764:, by whose philanthropic efforts the Mayfair nursing home operated. Through her generosity, she arranged for him to see a specialist who said that he needed to spend several months in 660:, as a gesture of thanks after rescuing a poorly planned rifle-shooting contest from disaster. By 1900, Elles was Military Secretary to Lord Curzon and Trenchard (recently promoted to 7485: 2099:

to raise funds for the furnishing of the chapel and for the provision of a stained glass window. The second, the Anglo-American Memorial to the airmen of both nations, was erected in

1451:, who disregarded the concerns about the status of the Independent Air Force and did not block the much-needed supplies. Trenchard also improved the links between the R.A.F. and the 555:, was declared bankrupt. After initially being removed from Hill Lands, the young Trenchard was only able to return thanks to the charity of his relatives. He subsequently failed the 5950: 455:, England, on 3 February 1873. He was the third child and second son of Henry Montague Trenchard and his wife Georgiana Louisa Catherine Tower Skene. Trenchard's father was a former 7460: 5891: 7470: 6033: 1497:, who were protesting about being sent to France with the war being over. Putting on his Army general's uniform Trenchard arrived at the docks with a staff of two, his clerk and 6688: 1242: 1218:. He declined the offer, citing his unsuitability for the role, although his ambition for command may have been the real reason. In any case, this did not stop his promotion to 720:

in and around the farmhouse. Many of the Boers were killed or wounded, a few fled and several were taken prisoner. Trenchard being critically wounded was medically evacuated to

389:

During his formative years, Trenchard struggled academically, failing many examinations and only just succeeding in meeting the minimum standard for commissioned service in the

5972: 1140:

Later in October, detailed planning for a major reorganisation of the Flying Corps' command structure took place. Henderson offered Trenchard command of the soon-to-be created

1633:

Trenchard also sought to secure the R.A.F.'s future by finding a war-fighting role for the new Service. In 1920 he successfully argued that it should take the lead during the

5955: 4940:

Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003.

1634: 5218: 3205: 1399:

In the weeks that followed his resignation, Trenchard was without a role and he kept a low profile, avoiding the Press and making no public comments. The new Air Minister,

404:

where he was involved in efforts to bring the interior under settled British rule and quell intertribal violence. During his time in West Africa, Trenchard commanded the

4544: 889:

and the 23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment took action. After peace terms were agreed in May 1902, he was involved in supervising the disarming of the Boers, and later took

5244: 4915: 4084: 1976:. Trenchard seriously considered the offer, but declined it by letter two days later, chiefly because he felt that the job required a degree of tact which he lacked. 7440: 411:

In Summer 1912, Trenchard learned to fly and gained his aviator's certificate (No. 270) on 31 July flying a Henry Farman biplane of the Sopwith School of Flying at

941:, Trenchard gained decisive victories. The many tribesmen who surrendered were given jobs as road builders and thereby began to develop the country as part of the 737:

through a tube. On the third day, he regained consciousness but spent most of that day sleeping. After three weeks, he had shown some improvement and was moved to

1876:, with its attendant financial income, which had sought out Trenchard because of his West African knowledge and experience. In 1936 he was upgraded from Baron to 7510: 7480: 6782: 1715:

was formed in preparation for the 1927 race. After the British won in 1927, he continued to use Air Ministry funds to support the race, including purchasing two

1102:. This appointment put him in charge of the Royal Flying Corps's home garrison, which retained one-third of the Corps' total strength. Its headquarters were at 7415: 7390: 1448: 7435: 6494: 1822:

graduated before following a career in the higher ranks. He retired in November 1935, in his final few months as Police Commissioner having been awarded the

1527: 7465: 4729: 4690: 3791: 3491: 2390: 2087:

After the Second World War, Trenchard continued to set out his ideas about air power. He also supported the creation of two memorials. For the first, the

1964:

Notwithstanding their disagreement, Trenchard and Churchill remained on good terms, and on Churchill's 66th birthday (30 November 1940) they took lunch at

1328:. On hearing this Trenchard flatly refused the position, being personally loyal to Haig and antipathetic to political intrigue. Rothermere and his brother 5410:

Jordan, David (2000). "The Battle for the Skies: Sir Hugh Trenchard as Commander of the Royal Flying Corps". In Matthew Hughes; Matthew Seligmann (eds.).

3345: 2205:

In 2018 a permanent memorial to him was commissioned as part of the celebrations for 100 years of the R.A.F. It was unveiled in Taunton on 14 June by the

1196:

region. After aerial photographic reconnaissance had been gathered, the British plans for the attack were reworked in February in consequence. During the

815:

proved he was fit for active service. After attending a medical board, he had his sick leave reduced and was able to return to South Africa in July 1901.

7505: 6165: 7410: 6693: 5868:

Nwokeji, G Ugo (2002). "Politicization of Merchant Capital During Decolonization: European Business in Nigeria, 1948–1951". In Oyebade, Adebayo (ed.).

1789: 7400: 6874: 2247:

On either side an eagle close gules, each charged on the neck, the dexter with a thistle slipped and leaved and the sinister with truncheon erect or.

2045: 1443:

from which it was formed, carrying out strategic bombing attacks on German railways, airfields and industrial centres. Initially, the French general

1252:, Haig and Trenchard re-established their partnership, this time at a higher level. In March 1916, with the RFC expanding, Trenchard was promoted to 664:) sent a priority signal to Elles requesting that he be permitted to rejoin his unit overseas. This bold move worked, and he received his orders for 7490: 7430: 6814: 5335: 4875: 3080: 810:

about his claim to be fully fit and was disinclined to allow him to forgo his remaining nine months of sick leave. He then took several months of

7365: 6772: 2049: 1823: 653: 423:

during First World War, serving as the commander of the Royal Flying Corps in France from 1915 to 1917. In 1918, he briefly served as the first

367: 288: 66: 5192: 4900: 1739: 4962: 7385: 4999: 1630:, worked to show that the R.A.F. provided good value for money, and was required for the long-term strategic security of the United Kingdom. 7530: 4169: 1650: 1106:, and being disappointed about remaining in England he applied to rejoin his old regiment in France. However, the head of the RFC, General 293: 5907: 2143:

on 10 February 1956. Following his funeral at Westminster Abbey on 21 February, his body was cremated, and his ashes were entombed at the

1867:

With Hankey and his ban on inter-service disputes gone, the Navy again campaigned for their own air service. The idea of transferring the

1753:

Trenchard continued as Chief of the Air Staff until 1 January 1930. Immediately after he had relinquished his appointment, he was created

7405: 1329: 1268: 540:. Hill Lands prepared its pupils for Army commissions and, as before, Trenchard did not apply himself to his studies, preferring sports ( 353: 278: 58: 2119:, Haig's former Operations Chief. From 1954, during the last two years of his life, Trenchard was partially blind and physically frail. 1043:'s flight. Bad weather delayed Longmore from assessing his new pupil, and before the weather improved, the School's Commandant, Captain 1312: 945:. From summer 1904 to the late summer 1905, Trenchard was acting commandant of the Southern Nigeria Regiment. He was appointed to the 7128: 1346: 1249: 1703:", was successfully tested. However, development costs were not insignificant and in 1928, when he applied for further funding, the 1637:. The success of this small air action then allowed him to put the case for the R.A.F.'s air policing of the vast distances of the 7550: 7445: 6924: 6621: 6575: 6534: 4764: 2699: 2057: 1490: 1321: 661: 532:. He failed the Navy's entrance papers, and at the age of 13 he was sent to the Reverend Albert Pritchard's crammer, Hill Lands in 456: 316: 1566:

were decided upon, despite some opposition from members of the Army Council. Trenchard himself was regraded from major-general to

7515: 7500: 7113: 6823: 6469: 6398: 5222: 3186: 1300: 1276: 1024:, he told Sopwith than he only had 10 days to gain his aviator's certificate. He succeeded in going solo on 31 July, gaining his 424: 201: 5935: 5046: 7555: 7450: 7067: 7036: 6944: 6527: 5116: 4210: 2206: 2192: 1811: 1107: 460: 1295:

on 29 November 1917, there followed a period of political manoeuvring and speculation over who would take up the new posts of

7525: 7520: 7395: 7279: 7088: 6347: 6300: 5858: 5839: 5468: 5445: 5090: 4927: 4813: 4060: 3843: 3233: 2076:, asked Trenchard to brief them in connection with the debate which surrounded the proposed establishment of the independent 1938: 1857: 1598:

system, which provided the R.A.F. with highly technically trained specialist ground-crews for the next 70 years. In 1922 the

1145: 1115: 847: 7495: 6807: 4923: 2116: 1861: 860: 439:

in the 1930s and a defender of the RAF in his later years. Trenchard is recognised today as one of the early advocates of

5134: 7545: 6651: 4742: 3504: 2403: 1325: 1370:

inspecting squadrons and updating his understanding of the air situation. On his return, he briefed the Prime Minister,

6939: 5486: 5390: 2653: 1836: 7420: 5901: 5887: 5877: 5817: 5798: 5776: 5754: 5735: 5716: 5697: 5663: 5629: 5607: 5588: 5569: 5520: 5494: 5419: 5368: 5319: 5281: 2183:

to store part of their collection. In 1977 Trenchard was invested in the International Aerospace Hall of Fame at the

1674: 1670: 922:

Following the end of the Boer War, Trenchard was seconded to stay in South Africa, but he applied for service in the

761: 7380: 6904: 6739: 5112: 2311: 1840: 1803: 1795: 556: 436: 6182: 6879: 6800: 5139: 2348: 2163:'s Trenchard Hall. Also named after him are: Trenchard Lines – one of the two sites of British Army Headquarters 2096: 2037: 1984: 1400: 1074: 776: 568: 5024: 1489:

After two months on the R.A.F.'s inactive list, Trenchard returned to military duties in mid-January 1919, when

7535: 7304: 7184: 6869: 6426: 6314: 5530: 5086: 4073: 3353: 2180: 2025: 1897: 1747: 1731: 1678: 1538: 1452: 1387: 1253: 345: 188: 43: 4138: 7425: 7294: 7209: 6889: 6552: 2202:

strategic bombing, and one of the architects of the British policy on imperial policing through air control.

1844: 1704: 1615: 1415:

at home, but strongly encouraged him to take command of the independent long-range bombing forces in France.

1205:

disregarded the information provided by the R.F.C.'s airmen. Prior to the British First Army's offensives at

526: 5673: 1777: 7455: 7264: 7249: 5433: 1602:

at Andover was established to provide air force specific training to the R.A.F.'s middle-ranking officers.

1412: 360: 283: 62: 2008: 957:

In early 1910, Trenchard became seriously ill and after several months he returned home, this time with a

2164: 1934: 1366: 1260: 1185: 1181: 1070: 946: 923: 476: 374: 70: 5931:

Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Marshal of the RAF The Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton

4863: 1746:

sent for Trenchard, who assured him that the R.A.F. would be able to rescue the stranded civilians. The

571:. Following his return to Pritchard's, he achieved a bare pass in March 1893. At the age of 20, he was 7123: 7029: 6750: 6594: 5555: 5399: 2337: 2184: 2080:. The American air leaders held him in high esteem and dubbed him the "patron saint of air power". The 1953: 1942: 1700: 1599: 1519: 1515: 1493:, the Commander-in-Chief of Home Forces, asked him to get control of around 5000 mutinying soldiers at 1296: 1161: 31: 5977: 2209:

next to the town's Northern Inner Distributor Road, which was renamed Trenchard Way at the same time.

1582:

break-up of the R.A.F., and in spite of the costs, he wanted its own institutions which would develop

7239: 6683: 6357: 6236: 6206: 5343: 4889: 1271:

in the summer of 1917, the Government considered creating an air force by merging the R.F.C. and the

1215: 1173: 927: 917: 405: 232: 17: 5985: 4966: 700:

Trenchard's company came under the command of the 6th (Fusilier) Brigade which was headquartered at

652:

as part of the expeditionary corps. His requests were rejected by his colonel, and when the Viceroy

378:(3 February 1873 – 10 February 1956) was a British officer who was instrumental in establishing the 7314: 7118: 7072: 2144: 1219: 1197: 894: 865: 560: 4988: 2342: 2235:

A cubit arm erect, vested azure, cuffed argent, holding in the hand a Cinqueda sword, both proper.

2179:

which are named after prominent military figures, and Trenchard House, which is currently used by

1810:

until 1935. During his tenure he instigated several reforms, including limiting membership of the

1114:, the Assistant Director of Military Aeronautics, suggested that this should be raised to 30, and 1077:

and Upavon. Trenchard formed a distinctly unfavourable opinion of Churchill's ability as a pilot.

435:

in 1919, Trenchard spent the following decade securing the future of the Royal Air Force. He was

6644: 4821: 2081: 2077: 1666: 1642: 1484: 1408: 1355: 1272: 1210: 1177: 1062: 870: 648:

in October 1899, he applied several times to rejoin his old battalion which had been sent to the

4161: 7254: 7133: 5311: 2100: 1929:, summoned Trenchard and offered him the job of organising advanced training for RAF pilots in 1459: 1403:, under pressure to find a position for Trenchard, offered him command of the yet to be formed 1206: 1156:

Trenchard took up command of the First Wing in November 1914, establishing its headquarters at

1103: 905: 886: 601: 480: 6081: 5561:

The war in the air; being the story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

3223: 2241:

Per Pale argent and azure, on the first three pallets sable, all within a bordure of the last.

1458:

In September 1918, Trenchard's Force indirectly supported the American Air Service during the

980: 7199: 7022: 6755: 6512: 6502: 6434: 6262: 6153: 5538: 3201: 2275: 1973: 1901:

offered his services to the Government on at least two occasions but they were not accepted.

1873: 1815: 1712: 1010: 717: 681: 576: 428: 416: 322: 206: 6141: 6069: 6057: 6045: 6009: 4396: 4340: 3141: 2966: 2946: 2870: 1470:. Trenchard departed France in mid-November 1918 and returned to England to take a holiday. 1455:, providing advanced tuition in bombing techniques to the newly arriving American aviators. 949:

in 1906 and was commandant with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel from 1908 onwards.

7375: 7370: 7224: 7204: 6452: 6254: 6129: 6093: 5457:

Great Military Lives: Leadership and Courage – from Waterloo to the Falklands in Obituaries

4524: 4284: 2156: 1711:

in 1925, Trenchard ensured that finances were available for an R.A.F. team, with which the

1467: 1382:

replaced him as Chief of the Air Staff. On the following Monday, Trenchard was summoned to

1029: 612: 564: 471: 47: 6105: 5945: 8: 7284: 7004: 6744: 6629: 5617: 5559: 2041: 1926: 1914: 1807: 1806:, which after initially declining, he accepted in October 1931. He served as head of the 1782: 1662: 1627: 1595: 1591: 497: 27:

Royal Flying Corps commander and first Royal Air Force Chief of the Air Staff (1873–1956)

2707: 6723: 6637: 6607: 6565: 6440: 6365: 6290: 5651: 5329: 5271: 4529: 4401: 4345: 4289: 3146: 2971: 2951: 2875: 2073: 2017: 1949: 1877: 1743: 1371: 1316: 1169: 1165: 1130: 1095: 420: 227: 221: 211: 6183:

Broadcast of Lord Trenchard's appeal made on behalf of the RAF Benevolent Fund in 1941

5644:

Swifter Than Eagles – The biography of Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Salmond

393:. As a young infantry officer, Trenchard served in India and with the outbreak of the 7339: 7138: 5897: 5873: 5854: 5835: 5813: 5794: 5772: 5750: 5731: 5712: 5693: 5659: 5625: 5603: 5584: 5565: 5516: 5490: 5464: 5441: 5415: 5386: 5364: 5315: 5277: 5061: 4995: 4894: 4056: 3229: 2267: 2132: 2092: 2013: 1969: 1727: 1563: 1494: 1424: 1404: 1383: 1188:

came into being in December 1914, the First Wing provided support to its operations.

1066: 902: 897:

400 miles to the south, and after the trek, Trenchard occupied himself with polo and

709: 705: 630: 506: 487: 440: 432: 136: 5245:"Taunton's Northern Inner Distributor Road (NIDR) renamed Trenchard Way at ceremony" 5104: 4222: 1885: 7319: 7299: 7229: 7148: 7103: 6994: 6934: 6864: 6854: 6422: 4734: 4695: 3796: 3496: 2395: 2172: 1988: 1922: 1799: 1708: 1707:

and the Cabinet discontinued the project. Following the British failure to win the

1684: 1646: 1567: 1553: 1440: 1374:, and several other ministers on air activity and the general situation in France. 890: 685: 261: 5930: 5078: 4825: 4750: 4707: 3835: 3808: 3512: 2411: 1909: 1594:

at Cranwell as the world's first military air academy. In 1920 he inaugurated the

7219: 7158: 7093: 7045: 6989: 6984: 6949: 6929: 6919: 6914: 6839: 6584: 6462: 6408: 6282: 6228: 6218: 5940: 5432:(30 September 2005). "Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Viscount Trenchard". In 5057: 4218: 2176: 2069: 2029: 1716: 1379: 1359: 1350: 1202: 1125: 1111: 1099: 1091: 1040: 1025: 997: 645: 394: 379: 256: 251: 166: 1798:, largely disappearing from public life. However, in March 1931, Prime Minister 835: 7344: 7309: 7289: 7269: 7244: 7214: 7168: 6979: 6974: 6703: 6272: 5827: 5378: 5145: 4738: 4699: 3800: 3500: 2399: 2271: 1766: 1638: 1611: 1498: 1463: 1444: 1193: 1157: 1141: 1051: 1017: 942: 878: 734: 572: 545: 541: 464: 217: 80: 4723: 4684: 3785: 3485: 2384: 2341: 2224: 1945:, unsuccessfully attempted to get him to come back as Chief of the Air Staff. 1719:

aircraft which won the race in 1929. He was criticised for this by figures in

486:

When Hugh Trenchard was two, the family moved to Courtlands, a manor house in

7359: 7143: 6954: 6021: 5966: 5764: 5685: 5533:(1955). "Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton". 5504: 5478: 5455:

Brunskill, Ian; Liardet, Guy; Tillotson, Michael, eds. (2008) . "Trenchard".

5351: 2140: 1958: 1868: 1578: 1436: 1333: 1235: 1044: 958: 491: 6117: 5981:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 2665: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7259: 7234: 7194: 7153: 7098: 7014: 6964: 6959: 6894: 6884: 6859: 6849: 6669: 6479: 6380: 6337: 5508: 5130: 5109:

Aeronautic Learning Laboratory for Science, Technology and Research Network

2160: 2112: 2001: 1889: 1304: 1292: 1280: 1058: 988:

in January 1913. Trenchard is in the front row, shown third from the right.

962: 898: 840: 738: 694: 677: 665: 657: 390: 160: 6792: 2084:

was formed as an independent branch of the American Armed Forces in 1947.

1311:

on the morning of 16 December. At around 3 pm he met newspaper proprietor

7274: 7108: 6969: 6909: 6899: 6544: 5786: 5639: 5460: 5429: 2654:"Dwarsvlei, a Highveld farm: Forgotten battlefield of the Anglo-Boer War" 2314:, Victoria County History of Somerset Newsletter, Summer 2018, pp. 13–14. 2021: 1720: 1696: 1590:. Having convinced Churchill of his case, he oversaw the founding of the 1571: 1542: 1534: 938: 882: 855: 765: 749: 721: 701: 649: 621: 522: 6082:

Trenchard at the opening of the Metropolitan Police laboratory at Hendon

5965: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 4850:'Haig, Master of the Field', by John Davidson (Pub. Peter Nevill, 1953). 1856:

arguments in the House of Lords. In the end the Government conceded and

1750:

began on Christmas Eve and took nine weeks to rescue around 600 people.

505:

At the age of 10 he was sent to board at Allens Preparatory School near

7189: 2168: 2088: 1979: 1641:. Trenchard particularly argued for it to take the lead in Iraq at the 1622: 1583: 1419: 1047: 1036: 1021: 985: 807: 803: 794: 748:

In December 1900, he returned to England, arriving by hospital ship at

742: 604:. Not long after his arrival, he was called upon to make a speech at a 514: 468: 412: 132: 2155:

Several institutions and buildings are named after him, including the

2139:

Trenchard died one week after his 83rd birthday at his London home in

2024:, then Deputy Chief of Staff for the Ninth Air Force; Lord Trenchard, 1094:, Trenchard was appointed Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the 336: 7541:

Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)

5016: 2197: 1893: 1819: 1818:, which originally was the institution from which Trenchard's junior 1742:. After word of the crisis had reached London, the Foreign Secretary 1689: 1548: 1533:

For most of March he was unable to do much work as he had contracted

1308: 1307:. Trenchard was summoned back from France, crossing the Channel on a 789: 785: 757: 608: 552: 537: 510: 2293:

List of titles and honours of Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard

2127: 1669:

scheme, and in 1925 the first three U.A.S. squadrons were formed at

5872:. Trenton, New Jersey and Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press Inc. 5851:

Trenchard and Slessor: On the Supremacy of Air Power over Sea Power

5406:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 5383:

Boom: The Life of Viscount Trenchard, Father of the Royal Air Force

4146: 3350:

RAF Museum Web Site – Timeline of British Military Aviation History

2108: 1965: 1794:

After he retired from the military, he worked as a director of the

1758: 1695:

Since the early 1920s Trenchard had supported the development of a

1230: 1001: 851: 829: 533: 6154:

Harold MacMillan unveiling a statue of Trenchard by the Embankment

2068:

In the aftermath of the war, several American generals, including

1234:

Trenchard at the Flying Corps' general headquarters, May 1917, by

5481:(1991). "Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Viscount Trenchard". 4874:(2457). London: Iliffe and Sons Ltd: 203, 214. 24 February 1956. 1661:

By late 1924 the creation of the reserve air force, known as the

1649:. The R.A.F. also carried out imperial air policing over India's 1606: 1134: 1039:, where the Central Flying School was based, and was assigned to 993: 753: 597: 596:

Trenchard arrived in India in late 1893, joining his regiment at

452: 401: 103: 7476:

Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class

6371:

Became General Officer Commanding from 24 March 1916 (promotion)

5986:

Selected Correspondence of Marshal of the RAF 1st Lord Trenchard

2658:

Military History Journal, South African Military History Society

551:

In 1889, when he was 16 years old, his father, who had become a

2147:

in the Abbey. Trenchard's viscountcy passed to his son Thomas.

1997: 1930: 1762: 1243:

Hugh Trenchard as commander of the Royal Flying Corps in France

1005: 934: 811: 770: 713: 708:. The brigade travelled by night, and at dawn on 9 October the 638: 120: 5870:

The transformation of Nigeria: essays in honor of Toyin Falola

5404:

Trenchard, Hugh Montague, first Viscount Trenchard (1873–1956)

4076:

Sir Christopher Bullock K.C.B. C.B.E. Memorial Service Address

1577:

By the autumn of 1919 the budgetary effects of Lloyd George's

1201:

little effect due to limited weight payload capacity, and the

559:

examinations twice and was then relegated to applying for the

5269: 4185:

A Brief History of the Royal Air Force (Air Publication 3003)

4027:

A Brief History of the Royal Air Force (Air Publication 3003)

2257: 1754: 1735: 1635:

1920 conflict between British forces and Somaliland dervishes

969: 580: 518: 1013:, and so he did not postpone his plan to become an aviator. 415:. He was subsequently appointed as second in command of the 5791:

Who's who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day

5438:

The War Lords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century

5023:. Royal Air Force Halton Aircraft Apprentices Association. 4183:

Finn C J, Group Captain, ed. (February 2004). "Chapter 2".

4025:

Finn C J, Group Captain, ed. (February 2004). "Chapter 2".

1526:

might be appointed Controller of Civil Aviation and made a

1504: 1286: 689: 625: 605: 467:

in a legal practice and his mother was the daughter of the

6659: 6070:

Lord and Lady Sykes with Churchill and Trenchard at Hendon

5951:

British Ministry of Defence – Trenchard: Father of the RAF

1688:

Trenchard as a Marshal of the RAF wearing full dress with

7486:

Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class

6118:

Lord Trenchard speaking to Air Marshal Sir Peter Drummond

6058:

Trenchard with Price Henry at an aerial pageant at Hendon

5692:. Ware, Hertfordshire, England: Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 5193:"Taunton memorial to RAF founder Hugh Montague Trenchard" 1430: 1137:, the first of many additional squadrons to be provided. 926:

and was granted the position of Deputy Commandant of the

5306:

Allen, Hubert Raymond ("Dizzy"), Wing Commander (1972).

1656: 788:

to begin a Swiss convalescence. Boredom saw him take up

756:

nursing home for disabled officers which was run by the

400:

After the end of the Boer War, Trenchard saw service in

7471:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

5956:

Portraits of Trenchard in the National Portrait Gallery

5219:"Permanent memorial to Taunton-born founder of the RAF" 4858: 4856: 4182: 4024: 3836:"Marshal of the RAF The Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton" 2218:

Coat of arms of Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard

1738:

were cut off from the outside world as a result of the

1085: 684:, and in July 1900 he was ordered to raise and train a 6094:

Trenchard talking to his son, also named Hugh, at Eton

1439:. The Independent Air Force continued the task of the 1225: 727: 575:

as a second-lieutenant in the Second Battalion of the

431:

in France. Returning as Chief of the Air Staff under

5936:

USAF Association Magazine – Trenchard at the Creation

5709:

Sir Frederick Sykes and the air revolution, 1912–1918

1528:

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

1315:, who had recently been appointed as Air Minister by 1303:

and other senior positions within soon-to-be-created

893:. In July the 23rd, Mounted Infantry was recalled to 780:

After winning the Freshman and Novices' Cups for 1901

451:

Hugh Montague Trenchard was born at 6 Haines Hill in

7461:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

6443:

the Inter-Allied Independent Air Force on 26 October

4853: 2052:. Both the new commanders being Trenchard protégés. 5646:. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. 2274:(Military Division), and Knight Grand Cross of the 1772: 1647:

RAF was given control of all British Forces in Iraq

7055:RAF generals between 1 April 1918 and 31 July 1919 4722: 4683: 4139:"Overseas Commands – Iraq, India and the Far East" 3784: 3484: 3056: 3054: 2383: 1790:Hugh Trenchard as Metropolitan Police Commissioner 1549:Establishing the RAF and the struggle for survival 1172:Squadrons flying in support of the British Army's 5135:"From Spitfire to Eurofighter – The RAF's Legacy" 4545:"Hugh Montague Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard" 1259:Trenchard's time in command of the R.F.C. on the 7441:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 7357: 5515:. Oxford University Press. pp. 468 to 474. 4143:Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation 3840:Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation 1557:Trenchard as Chief of the Air Staff in June 1919 30:"Trenchard" redirects here. For other uses, see 6130:Trenchard speaks with USAF General Leon Johnson 5941:First World War.com – Who's Who: Hugh Trenchard 3051: 2095:, he headed a committee with Air Chief Marshal 1824:Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 1726:On 1 January 1927, Trenchard was promoted from 616:laughter, although some appreciated his nerve. 349:Hugh Montague Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard 289:Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 7511:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 7481:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class 5730:. Shepperton, Surrey, England: Ian Allan Ltd. 5600:Central Flying School, Birthplace of Air Power 2020:, CG of the 100th Fighter Wing; Major General 1509: 1151: 7416:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 7391:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War 7030: 6808: 6689:Commander of the Royal Flying Corps in France 6645: 6305:As Officer Commanding the Administrative Wing 4899:. The Dean and Chapter of Westminster. 2009. 3718: 3716: 3714: 2917: 2915: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 1478: 7436:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 7044: 6289:Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the 5334:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5129: 4733:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4694:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3827: 3795:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3495:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3346:"British Military Aviation in 1914 – Part 3" 2447: 2445: 2394:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2016:, of (from left to right) Brigadier General 294:Companion of the Distinguished Service Order 7466:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 6822: 6166:Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton by Beresford 5658:. Aylesbury, Bucks, England: Sphere Books. 5060:. September 2005. p. 1. Archived from 2902: 2900: 2898: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2336: 1340: 419:. He held several senior positions in the 279:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 7506:Royal West African Frontier Force officers 7037: 7023: 6815: 6801: 6652: 6638: 6046:Sir Hugh Montague Trenchard in RAF Uniform 6022:Trenchard in Royal Scots Fusiliers uniform 3711: 3225:Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia 2912: 2842: 2462: 2460: 2223: 846:Later in the year, he was summoned to see 611:. It was common practice for the youngest 79: 7411:Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis 5812:. London: George G Harrap & Co. Ltd. 4211:"The Schneider Trophy – 70th Anniversary" 3079:. RAF Museum. p. 109. Archived from 2442: 2175:at RAF Halton, one of the five houses at 1347:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 7401:Chiefs of the Air Staff (United Kingdom) 6535:Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis 5970: 5893:The History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers 5672: 5624:. Barnsley, Yorks: Pen and Sword Books. 5507:(2002) . "Trenchard, Hugh Montague". In 4681: 4523: 4395: 4339: 4283: 3782: 3609: 3386: 3140: 3116: 2965: 2945: 2895: 2869: 2556: 2126: 2044:. In the autumn, Newall was replaced by 2012:A meeting, less than a month before the 2007: 1978: 1908: 1829: 1776: 1683: 1552: 1505:Chief of the Air Staff (2nd appointment) 1287:Chief of the Air Staff (1st appointment) 1229: 979: 834: 775: 586: 496: 317:Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis 7491:Royal Air Force generals of World War I 7431:Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company people 6319:As Officer Commanding the Training Wing 5745:Ross (Wing Commander), Anthony (2002). 5440:. Leo Cooper Ltd. pp. 176 to 187. 5216: 5083:Farnborough Air Sciences Trust Web Site 4730:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4691:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4277: 4136: 3833: 3792:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3492:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2457: 2406:from the original on 24 September 2015. 2391:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2195:deserved the accolade. His obituary in 1699:, and by 1927 a prototype, code-named " 1248:appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the 823: 237:23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment (acting) 14: 7366:Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard 7358: 6661:Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard 5946:History Learning Site – Hugh Trenchard 5483:High Commanders of the Royal Air Force 5119:from the original on 1 September 2006. 4913: 4878:from the original on 17 November 2009. 4720: 4159: 4090:from the original on 10 November 2013. 2381: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 1948:In May 1940, after the failure of the 1917:personnel in France during April 1940. 1514:In early 1919 Churchill was appointed 1431:Commander of the Independent Air Force 1365:After the Germans overran the British 1291:After the Air Force Bill received the 1214:offered Trenchard the position as his 952: 688:company within the 2nd Battalion. The 7018: 6796: 6633: 6375:25 August 1915 – 3 January 1918 6034:Major General Trenchard in full dress 5414:. Leo Cooper Ltd. pp. 68 to 91. 5027:from the original on 28 February 2011 4903:from the original on 16 October 2009. 4074:"Lloyd, M.P., The Rt. Hon. Geoffrey, 3482: 3221: 3184: 2335:For more on John McDowall Skene see: 1657:Later years as Chief of the Air Staff 1129:. On 7 October, only 36 hours later, 937:. In the occasional clashes with the 784:On Sunday 30 December, he arrived in 7386:British Army generals of World War I 6777: 6338:First Wing of the Royal Flying Corps 5190: 4685:"Portal, Charles Frederick Algernon" 3074:"Journal 16 – Air leadership in War" 1862:Minister for Coordination of Defence 1394: 1086:Officer Commanding the Military Wing 996:, he received a letter from Captain 885:raiders crossed the border into the 828:Upon his return, he made his way to 760:. His case came to the attention of 501:Trenchard aged 14 as a militia cadet 7531:British expatriates in South Africa 6694:As Metropolitan Police Commissioner 5853:. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press. 5834:. London: Faber and Faber Limited. 5726:Taylor, John; Moyes, P J R (1968). 5276:. London: Macmillan. p. 1189. 5221:. Somerset Newsroom. Archived from 4765:"Lieutenant the Hom Hugh Trenchard" 4137:Barrass, Malcolm (6 October 2007). 4053:Ethics in the British Civil Service 3834:Barrass, Malcolm (9 October 2007). 2356: 1983:Trenchard speaking informally with 1904: 1473: 1326:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 1226:Commander of the Royal Flying Corps 984:The Central Flying School staff at 818: 728:Medical treatment and convalescence 461:King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry 85:Trenchard in RAF full dress c. 1930 24: 7406:Commanders of the Legion of Honour 6342:19 November 1914 – 25 August 1915 6267:23 September 1913 – 6 August 1914 5896:. The Naval & Military Press. 5489:. pp. 1 to 4 and 100 to 101. 5270:Debrett's Peerage Limited (1985). 5144:. Defence Data Ltd. Archived from 5093:from the original on 3 April 2008. 5005:from the original on 17 June 2011. 4745:from the original on 4 March 2016. 3846:from the original on 8 April 2008. 3507:from the original on 3 March 2016. 3211:from the original on 3 March 2012. 2955:. 18 September 1906. p. 6312. 2700:"Shipping records – December 1900" 1605:Late 1919 saw Trenchard created a 1409:air force units in the Middle East 1362:would officially come into being. 1345:The New Year saw Trenchard made a 1080: 1057:In September 1912, he acted as an 25: 7567: 6295:7 August 1914 – 19 November 1914 5924: 5363:. Chichester: Countrywise Press. 4989:"Upavon Village Design Statement" 4920:Defence News – History and Honour 4555:from the original on 22 June 2008 4160:Omissi, David (19 January 1991). 3786:"Courtney, Sir Christopher Lloyd" 2879:. 11 November 1902. p. 7167. 1781:Trenchard as Commissioner of the 1073:, and himself learning to fly at 7003: 6776: 6767: 6766: 6740:Royal Air Force College Cranwell 6702: 6595:Baronetage of the United Kingdom 6177: 6160: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6112: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 6004: 5960: 5412:Leadership in Conflict 1914–1918 5273:Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 5263: 5237: 5217:Elliott, Peter (11 April 2018). 5210: 5184: 5172: 5160: 5123: 5113:Florida International University 5097: 5071: 5039: 5009: 4981: 4955: 4943: 4934: 4907: 4882: 4844: 4832: 4814:"Factsheets: The U.S. Air Force" 4806: 4794: 4782: 4757: 4714: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4537: 4517: 4505: 4493: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4409: 4389: 4377: 4365: 4353: 4349:. 3 November 1931. p. 7071. 4333: 4321: 4309: 4297: 4265: 4253: 4241: 4229: 4203: 4191: 4176: 4172:from the original on 9 May 2008. 4153: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4066: 4045: 4033: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3850: 3815: 3776: 3185:Grant, Rebecca (February 2004). 3150:. 25 October 1912. p. 7865. 2651: 1804:Metropolitan Police Commissioner 1796:Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company 1773:Metropolitan Police Commissioner 975: 437:Metropolitan Police Commissioner 427:before taking up command of the 382:. He has been described as the " 335: 7551:Military personnel from Taunton 7446:Marshals of the Royal Air Force 6474:31 March 1919 – 1 January 1930 6433:General Officer Commanding the 5650: 5597: 4914:Cotter, Jarrod (2 April 2008). 4533:. 4 February 1936. p. 729. 4293:. 28 January 1930. p. 569. 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3215: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3066: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2959: 2939: 2927: 2883: 2863: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2692: 2680: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2544: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2349:A Naval Biographical Dictionary 1921:Just after the outbreak of the 1098:, replacing Lieutenant-Colonel 968:October 1910 saw him posted to 671: 569:Forfar and Kincardine Artillery 521:where he attended Hammond's, a 479:, the Secretary of State under 7516:British expatriates in Nigeria 7501:Royal Scots Fusiliers officers 5579:Turner, Charles Cyril (1927). 5558:; Jones, Henry Albert (1922). 5529: 5087:Farnborough Air Sciences Trust 4965:. RAF Cranwell. Archived from 4916:"Trenchard: Father of the RAF" 4221:. 7 April 2003. Archived from 3633: 3033: 2975:. 7 August 1908. p. 5812. 2472: 2430: 2418: 2329: 2317: 2304: 2181:Farnborough Air Sciences Trust 2063: 2026:Marshal of the Royal Air Force 1802:asked him to take the post of 1732:marshal of the Royal Air Force 901:meetings. He was promoted to 346:Marshal of the Royal Air Force 189:Marshal of the Royal Air Force 44:Marshal of the Royal Air Force 13: 1: 7556:World War I strategic bombing 7451:Members of the Order of Merit 6553:Peerage of the United Kingdom 5971:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). " 5807: 5789:; Wheatcroft, Andrew (1996). 5725: 5684: 5556:Raleigh, Sir Walter Alexander 5434:Field Marshal the Lord Carver 5385:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 5293: 5017:"RAF Halton Trenchard Museum" 4824:. August 2008. Archived from 4405:. 26 July 1935. p. 4841. 4371: 4315: 4162:"Baghdad and British bombers" 3734: 3483:Smith, Richard A (May 2008). 3228:. ABC-CLIO Ltd. p. 631. 2312:'The Son that Taunton Forgot' 2048:and Dowding was succeeded by 1845:Committee of Imperial Defence 1705:Committee of Imperial Defence 446: 384:Father of the Royal Air Force 7526:British expatriates in India 7521:People from colonial Nigeria 7396:Burials at Westminster Abbey 7250:Percy Robert Clifford Groves 6261:Assistant Commandant of the 5973:Trenchard, Sir Hugh Montague 5867: 5826: 5763: 5728:Pictorial History of the RAF 5680:. London: Thames and Hudson. 5554: 5503: 5477: 5428: 5350:. St James's Place, London: 5342: 5308:The Legacy of Lord Trenchard 5191:Hill, Phil (11 April 2018). 4949: 4838: 4800: 4788: 4751:UK public library membership 4708:UK public library membership 4682:Richards, Denis (May 2008). 4657: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4609: 4597: 4585: 4573: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4383: 4359: 4327: 4271: 4259: 4235: 4197: 4124: 4112: 4100: 4039: 4012: 4000: 3988: 3976: 3964: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3868: 3856: 3821: 3809:UK public library membership 3783:Richards, Denis (May 2008). 3770: 3758: 3746: 3722: 3705: 3681: 3657: 3645: 3621: 3597: 3561: 3525: 3513:UK public library membership 3458: 3446: 3398: 3352:. RAF Museum. Archived from 3332: 3320: 3296: 3260: 3248: 3172: 3045: 3021: 2997: 2985: 2933: 2921: 2906: 2889: 2857: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2776: 2764: 2740: 2728: 2686: 2639: 2627: 2615: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2550: 2526: 2514: 2478: 2451: 2424: 2412:UK public library membership 2382:Orange, Vincent (May 2006). 2343:"Skene, John McDowall" 2298: 1888:, the Commander-in-Chief of 1651:North-West Frontier Province 1413:Inspector-General of the RAF 525:for prospective entrants to 284:Member of the Order of Merit 7: 7496:Royal Flying Corps officers 6447:15 June – 20 November 1918 6403:18 January – 12 April 1918 5886: 5849:Dyndal, Gjert Lage (2007). 5848: 5785: 5674:Joubert de la Ferté, Philip 5638: 5578: 5409: 5377: 5358: 5298: 5178: 4724:"Douglas, (William) Sholto" 4669: 4247: 3693: 3669: 3585: 3573: 3549: 3537: 3470: 3422: 3374: 3187:"Trenchard at the Creation" 3160: 3060: 2788: 2603: 2538: 2502: 2466: 2436: 2323: 2286: 2040:as the Command-in-Chief of 1935:Advanced Air Striking Force 1510:Re-appointment and sickness 1250:British Expeditionary Force 1152:Commander of the First Wing 1071:First Lord of the Admiralty 947:Distinguished Service Order 924:West African Frontier Force 10: 7572: 7546:Barons created by George V 6751:RAF Staff College, Andover 6745:Aircraft Apprentice Scheme 6719:List of titles and honours 6507:13 July 1919 – 1 May 1946 5616: 5598:Taylor, John W R (1987) . 5564:. Oxford Clarendon Press. 5547: 5305: 4303: 3434: 3308: 3104: 3009: 2752: 2490: 2385:"Trenchard, Hugh Montague" 2266:Knight Grand Cross of the 2185:San Diego Aerospace Museum 1954:general officer commanding 1943:Secretary of State for Air 1787: 1520:Secretary of State for Air 1516:Secretary of State for War 1482: 1479:Army mutiny in Southampton 1468:Brigadier-General Courtney 1240: 1162:Secretary of State for War 915: 911: 839:Trenchard (shown left) in 513:. Although he did well at 32:Trenchard (disambiguation) 29: 7240:Francis Leycester Festing 7177: 7081: 7060: 7053: 7001: 6830: 6764: 6732: 6711: 6700: 6676: 6667: 6618: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6582: 6572: 6563: 6558: 6551: 6541: 6532: 6528:The Viscount Byng of Vimy 6524: 6519: 6509: 6499: 6491: 6486: 6476: 6467: 6459: 6449: 6431: 6415: 6405: 6396: 6387: 6377: 6362: 6354: 6344: 6334: 6325: 6311: 6297: 6287: 6279: 6269: 6259: 6251: 6243: 6237:Southern Nigeria Regiment 6233: 6225: 6215: 6207:Southern Nigeria Regiment 6203: 6197: 6192: 6176: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6135: 6123: 6111: 6099: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6051: 6039: 6027: 6015: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5810:The Rise of Scotland Yard 5744: 3952: 3222:Boyne, Walter J. (2002). 2165:United Kingdom Field Army 2150: 2105:Haig, Master of the Field 928:Southern Nigeria Regiment 918:Hugh Trenchard in Nigeria 644:With the outbreak of the 406:Southern Nigeria Regiment 331: 309: 271: 244: 233:Southern Nigeria Regiment 194: 184: 176: 151: 143: 127: 110: 90: 78: 41: 7421:English male bobsledders 7315:Francis Rowland Scarlett 7119:Frederick Heath-Caldwell 7073:John de Mestre Hutchison 6501:Honorary Colonel of the 5808:Browne, Douglas (1956). 5747:Through the Eyes of Blue 5706: 5622:From Biplane to Spitfire 5454: 5166: 4721:Orange, Vincent (2004). 4511: 4103::pp. 398–420 and 464–491 3880: 3610:Joubert de la Ferté 1955 3410: 3387:Joubert de la Ferté 1955 3284: 3117:Joubert de la Ferté 1955 2145:Battle of Britain Chapel 2122: 2089:Battle of Britain Chapel 1740:civil war in Afghanistan 1643:Cairo Conference of 1921 1341:Disputes and resignation 1198:Battle of Neuve Chapelle 1000:, urging him to take up 591: 7381:Aerial warfare pioneers 6824:Chiefs of the Air Staff 6393:Air Council established 6364:Officer Commanding the 6336:Officer Commanding the 6010:Major General Trenchard 5978:Encyclopædia Britannica 5463:. pp. 197 to 203. 5348:Trenchard Man of Vision 5249:Somerset County Gazette 5197:Somerset County Gazette 4822:United States Air Force 4549:Encyclopædia Britannica 2212: 2159:'s Trenchard Hall, and 2131:Trenchard's funeral in 2082:United States Air Force 2078:United States Air Force 1667:University Air Squadron 1570:, and then promoted to 1485:1919 Southampton Mutiny 1356:Royal Naval Air Service 1273:Royal Naval Air Service 7255:Robert Marsland Groves 6470:Chief of the Air Staff 6399:Chief of the Air Staff 6106:Lord Trenchard in 1940 5749:. Airlife Publishing. 5541:. pp. 147 to 156. 5539:George Bell & Sons 5359:Havard, Cyril (2000). 5047:"College Appointments" 4739:10.1093/ref:odnb/32876 4700:10.1093/ref:odnb/31561 3801:10.1093/ref:odnb/30975 3501:10.1093/ref:odnb/33808 3486:"Henderson, Sir David" 2400:10.1093/ref:odnb/36552 2352:. London: John Murray. 2207:3rd Viscount Trenchard 2136: 2033: 1992: 1918: 1785: 1692: 1558: 1460:Battle of Saint-Mihiel 1301:Chief of the Air Staff 1277:Chief of the Air Staff 1238: 989: 843: 781: 773:to cover the expense. 502: 463:who was working as an 425:Chief of the Air Staff 202:Chief of the Air Staff 53:The Viscount Trenchard 7536:United Africa Company 7200:Harold Douglas Briggs 6756:Hendon Police College 6513:Edmund Hakewill-Smith 6503:Royal Scots Fusiliers 6263:Central Flying School 5771:. London: Macmillan. 5690:The Right of the Line 5602:. Jane's Publishing. 3202:Air Force Association 2664:(3/4). Archived from 2642::pp. 15, 16 and 55–58 2276:Royal Victorian Order 2130: 2011: 1982: 1974:Military Intelligence 1937:in France. In April, 1912: 1874:United Africa Company 1860:was appointed as the 1830:Later inter-war years 1816:Hendon Police College 1780: 1687: 1556: 1539:St. Margaret's Church 1491:Sir William Robertson 1322:Sir William Robertson 1269:Gotha raids on London 1233: 1090:With the outbreak of 1011:Central Flying School 983: 871:mention in despatches 838: 779: 682:Royal Scots Fusiliers 668:several weeks later. 587:Early military career 577:Royal Scots Fusiliers 500: 429:Independent Air Force 417:Central Flying School 323:United Africa Company 207:Independent Air Force 177:Years of service 7426:English polo players 7225:Christopher Courtney 7205:Robert Brooke-Popham 6995:Sir Richard Knighton 6935:Sir Keith Williamson 6905:Sir Charles Elworthy 6865:Sir Edward Ellington 6855:Sir Geoffrey Salmond 6733:Institutions founded 6520:Police appointments 6453:Christopher Courtney 4051:Chapman, Richard A. 2157:University of Ibadan 2032:, CG of the XIX TAC. 2028:; Brigadier General 1925:the Prime Minister, 1453:American Air Service 1020:'s flying school at 824:Back in South Africa 48:The Right Honourable 7456:People from Taunton 7285:Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt 7061:Lieutenant-Generals 6990:Sir Michael Wigston 6985:Sir Stephen Hillier 6950:Sir Michael Graydon 6930:Sir Michael Beetham 6920:Sir Andrew Humphrey 6915:Sir Denis Spotswood 6890:Sir William Dickson 6840:Sir Frederick Sykes 6747:(Trenchard's brats) 6495:John Thomas Dalyell 6463:Sir Frederick Sykes 6409:Sir Frederick Sykes 6358:Sir David Henderson 6142:Trenchard's Funeral 5652:Manchester, William 5583:. Ayer Publishing. 5581:The Old Flying Days 5361:The Trenchard Touch 5105:"Hugh M. Trenchard" 4924:Ministry of Defence 4187:. HMSO. p. 61. 4029:. HMSO. p. 58. 2338:O'Byrne, William R. 2219: 2193:Sir David Henderson 2101:St Paul's Cathedral 1927:Neville Chamberlain 1808:Metropolitan Police 1783:Metropolitan Police 1723:for wasting money. 1663:Auxiliary Air Force 1628:Christopher Bullock 1596:Aircraft Apprentice 1592:RAF (Cadet) College 1108:Sir David Henderson 1016:When he arrived at 992:During his time in 953:England and Ireland 544:in particular) and 408:for several years. 7178:Brigadier-Generals 6980:Sir Andrew Pulford 6975:Sir Stephen Dalton 6845:Sir Hugh Trenchard 6835:Sir Hugh Trenchard 6712:Titles and honours 6566:Viscount Trenchard 6441:Commander-in-Chief 6366:Royal Flying Corps 6291:Royal Flying Corps 6235:Commandant of the 6205:Commandant of the 5707:Ash, Eric (1998). 4969:on 12 January 2012 4530:The London Gazette 4402:The London Gazette 4346:The London Gazette 4290:The London Gazette 3194:Air Force Magazine 3147:The London Gazette 2972:The London Gazette 2952:The London Gazette 2876:The London Gazette 2710:on 1 December 2008 2704:Anglo Boer War.com 2217: 2137: 2074:Carl Andrew Spaatz 2060:survived the war. 2034: 2018:Richard C. Sanders 1993: 1950:Norwegian Campaign 1919: 1878:Viscount Trenchard 1843:, who chaired the 1786: 1744:Austen Chamberlain 1693: 1645:, and in 1922 the 1574:a few days later. 1559: 1372:David Lloyd George 1317:David Lloyd George 1239: 1096:Royal Flying Corps 1069:, who was by then 990: 844: 782: 680:, he rejoined the 676:On his arrival in 503: 477:Sir John Trenchard 421:Royal Flying Corps 212:Royal Flying Corps 7353: 7352: 7340:James George Weir 7185:William Alexander 7139:Charles Longcroft 7012: 7011: 6955:Sir Richard Johns 6945:Sir Peter Harding 6790: 6789: 6628: 6627: 6619:Succeeded by 6573:Succeeded by 6542:Succeeded by 6510:Succeeded by 6477:Succeeded by 6450:Succeeded by 6444: 6435:Independent Force 6421:Created from the 6406:Succeeded by 6378:Succeeded by 6372: 6345:Succeeded by 6320: 6312:Succeeded by 6306: 6298:Succeeded by 6270:Succeeded by 6244:Succeeded by 6216:Succeeded by 6193:Military offices 6188: 6187: 5860:978-82-519-2270-8 5841:978-0-571-23156-0 5769:Winston Churchill 5678:The Third Service 5531:Macmillan, Norman 5470:978-0-00-727670-7 5447:978-1-84415-308-4 5115:. 12 March 2004. 5089:. 20 April 2007. 5079:"Trenchard House" 5067:on 19 March 2009. 4996:Wiltshire Council 4963:"College Library" 4895:Westminster Abbey 4749:(Subscription or 4706:(Subscription or 4636::pp. 714, 717–720 4374::p. 346, 350, 351 4149:on 6 August 2008. 4078:, 15th June 1972" 4061:978-0-415-00334-6 3807:(Subscription or 3511:(Subscription or 3235:978-1-57607-345-2 2410:(Subscription or 2284: 2283: 2268:Order of the Bath 2133:Westminster Abbey 2117:Sir John Davidson 2093:Westminster Abbey 2014:Normandy landings 1985:Sir Arthur Tedder 1970:Battle of Britain 1892:'s newly created 1858:Sir Thomas Inskip 1837:Cabinet Secretary 1812:Police Federation 1761:in the County of 1728:air chief marshal 1713:High Speed Flight 1600:RAF Staff College 1586:and engender the 1564:RAF officer ranks 1495:Southampton Docks 1425:Independent Force 1411:, or the post of 1405:Independent Force 1395:In-between duties 1384:Buckingham Palace 1067:Winston Churchill 710:Ayrshire Yeomanry 706:guerrilla tactics 631:Winston Churchill 488:Norton Fitzwarren 441:strategic bombing 433:Winston Churchill 343: 342: 264:(semi-officially) 137:Westminster Abbey 16:(Redirected from 7563: 7320:John Miles Steel 7300:Edward Masterman 7230:Alfred Critchley 7149:Geoffrey Salmond 7114:Frederick Gordon 7104:Edward Ellington 7039: 7032: 7025: 7016: 7015: 7007: 6965:Sir Jock Stirrup 6960:Sir Peter Squire 6925:Sir Neil Cameron 6895:Sir Dermot Boyle 6885:Sir John Slessor 6870:Sir Cyril Newall 6860:Sir John Salmond 6850:Sir John Salmond 6817: 6810: 6803: 6794: 6793: 6780: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6706: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6631: 6630: 6622:Thomas Trenchard 6576:Thomas Trenchard 6525:Preceded by 6492:Preceded by 6487:Honorary titles 6480:Sir John Salmond 6460:Preceded by 6438: 6370: 6355:Preceded by 6331:Wing established 6318: 6304: 6280:Preceded by 6252:Preceded by 6226:Preceded by 6198:Preceded by 6190: 6189: 6181: 6180: 6164: 6163: 6152: 6151: 6140: 6139: 6128: 6127: 6116: 6115: 6104: 6103: 6092: 6091: 6080: 6079: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6055: 6044: 6043: 6032: 6031: 6020: 6019: 6008: 6007: 5991: 5990: 5982: 5964: 5963: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5906:. 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Archived from 4911: 4905: 4904: 4890:"Hugh Trenchard" 4886: 4880: 4879: 4864:"Lord Trenchard" 4860: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4746: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4703: 4687: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4225:on 13 July 2007. 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4145:. 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Arnold 2066: 2042:Fighter Command 2030:Otto P. Weyland 1913:Trenchard with 1907: 1832: 1792: 1775: 1765:, entering the 1717:Supermarine S.6 1659: 1551: 1512: 1507: 1487: 1481: 1476: 1433: 1397: 1380:Frederick Sykes 1360:Royal Air Force 1351:Royal Air Force 1343: 1313:Lord Rothermere 1289: 1245: 1228: 1203:Royal Artillery 1154: 1126:Race to the Sea 1112:Sefton Brancker 1092:First World War 1088: 1083: 1081:First World War 1063:Army Manoeuvres 1041:Arthur Longmore 1037:Upavon airfield 1026:Royal Aero Club 998:Eustace Loraine 978: 955: 920: 914: 879:cattle rustling 826: 821: 730: 674: 646:Second Boer War 594: 589: 523:cramming school 449: 380:Royal Air Force 370: 363: 356: 352: 327: 310:Other work 305: 267: 257:First World War 252:Second Boer War 240: 226:Military Wing, 172: 167:Royal Air Force 139: 119: 115: 102: 101:3 February 1873 96: 94: 86: 74: 57: 55: 54: 51: 50: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7569: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 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