Trick-or-treating - Knowledge

361: 433: 275: 88:, going house to house at Halloween and putting on a small performance to be rewarded with food or treats, goes back at least as far as the 16th century, as does the tradition of people wearing costumes at Halloween. There are many accounts from 19th-century Scotland and Ireland of people going house to house in costume at Halloween, reciting verses in exchange for food, and sometimes warning of misfortune if they were not welcomed. In North America, the earliest known occurrence of guising is from 1911, when children were recorded as having done this in the province of 238:), and the souls of the dead, came into our world and were appeased with offerings of food and drink. Similar beliefs and customs were found in other parts of Europe. It is suggested that trick-or-treating evolved from a tradition whereby people impersonated the spirits, or the souls of the dead, and received offerings on their behalf. S. V. Peddle suggests they "personify the old spirits of the winter, who demanded reward in exchange for good fortune". Impersonating these spirits or souls was also believed to protect oneself from them. 249:(October 31 through November 2). People would visit houses and take soul-cakes, either as representatives of the dead, or in return for praying for their souls. Later, people went "from parish to parish at Halloween, begging soul-cakes by singing under the windows some such verse as this: 'Soul, souls, for a soul-cake; Pray you good mistress, a soul-cake!'" They typically asked for "mercy on all Christian souls for a soul-cake". It was known as 'Souling' and was recorded in parts of Britain, Flanders, southern Germany, and Austria. 638: 700: 852:(the 11th of November), in return for treats. Over the last decade, Halloween trick-or-treating has experienced a notable surge in popularity, particularly among children and teenagers in Germany. Austria and the Netherlands have also witnessed a similar trend. The equivalent of 'trick-or-treat' in the German language is 'Süßes oder Saures,' which translates to asking for sweets or threatening something less pleasant, with the direct translation being "sweet or sour". 3862: 259:(1593), when Speed accuses his master of "puling like a beggar at Hallowmas". In western England, mostly in the counties bordering Wales, souling was common. According to one 19th century English writer "parties of children, dressed up in fantastic costume went round to the farm houses and cottages, singing a song, and begging for cakes (spoken of as "soal-cakes"), apples, money, or anything that the goodwives would give them". 38: 401:, a town with 4,500 Irish immigrants, 1,900 English immigrants, and 700 Scottish immigrants in 1920. In her book, Kelley touches on customs that arrived from across the Atlantic; "Americans have fostered them, and are making this an occasion something like what it must have been in its best days overseas. All Hallowe'en customs in the United States are borrowed directly or adapted from those of other countries". 729:(or, on occasion, a day immediately preceding Halloween, or a few days from it, on a weekend, depending on what is convenient). Trunk-or-treating is done from parked car to parked car in a local parking lot, often at a school or church. The activity makes use of the open trunks of the cars, which display candy, and often games and decorations. Some parents regard trunk-or-treating as a 92:, Canada. The interjection "trick or treat!" was then first recorded in the same Canadian province of Ontario in 1917. While going house to house in costume has long been popular among the Scots and Irish, it is only in the 2000s that saying "trick or treat" has become common in Scotland and Ireland. Prior to this, children in Ireland would commonly say " 588:, with reactions ranging from bemused indulgence to anger. Likewise, as portrayed on radio shows, children would have to explain what trick-or-treating was to puzzled adults, and not the other way around. Sometimes even the children protested: for Halloween 1948, members of the Madison Square Boys Club in New York City carried a parade banner that read " 510: 1278:. Man & Culture, 2002. p. 108. Quote: "Soul cakes were small cakes baked as food for the deceased or offered for the salvation of their souls. They were therefore offered at funerals and feasts of the dead, laid on graves, or given to the poor as representatives of the dead. The baking of these soul cakes is a universal practice". 181: 990:

Scotland and Ireland started tricking: A few decades later a practice called 'guising' was in full swing in Scotland and Ireland. Short for 'disguising', children would go out from door to door dressed in costume and rather than pledging to pray, they would tell a joke, sing a song or perform another

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Almost everywhere you went last night, particularly in the early part of the evening, you would meet gangs of youngsters out to celebrate. Some of them would have adopted various forms of "camouflage" such as masks, or would appear in long trousers and big hats or with long skirts. But others again

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journalist Michael Bradley recalls children asking, “Any nuts or apples?”. In Scotland and Ireland, the children are only supposed to receive treats if they perform a party trick for the households they go to. This normally takes the form of singing a song or reciting a joke or a funny poem which the

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Aubrey relates that, in his time, in Shropshire, &c., there was set upon the board a high heap of soul-cakes, lying one upon another like the picture of the shewbread in the old Bibles. They were about the bigness of twopenny cakes, and every visitant on the feast of All Souls took one. He adds,

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produced between the start of the 20th century and the 1920s commonly show children but do not depict trick-or-treating. The editor of a collection of over 3,000 vintage Halloween postcards writes, "There are cards which mention the custom or show children in costumes at the doors, but as far as we

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is given instead. The "trick" refers to a threat, usually idle, to perform mischief on the resident(s) or their property if no treat is given. Some people signal that they are willing to hand out treats by putting up Halloween decorations outside their doors; houses may also leave their porch lights

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As a mother of two children I wish to register indignation at the "trick or treat" racket imposed on residents on Hallowe'en night by the youngsters of this city.… This is pure and simple blackmail and it is a sad state of affairs when parents encourage their youngsters to participate in events of

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The interjection "Trick or treat!" — a request for sweets or candy, originally and sometimes still with the implication that anyone who is asked and who does not provide sweets or other treats will be subjected to a prank or practical joke — seems to have arisen in central Canada, before spreading

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Soul-cakes," which the rich gave to the poor at the Halloween season, in return for which the recipients prayed for the souls of the givers and their friends. And this custom became so favored in popular esteem that, for a long time, it was a regular observance in the country towns of England for

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In most areas where trick-or-treating is practiced, it is considered an activity for children. Some jurisdictions in the United States forbid the activity for anyone over the age of 12. Dressing up is common at all ages; adults will often dress up to accompany their children, and young adults may

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on a certain holiday has existed in parts of Britain and Ireland. It involved going door-to-door in costume, performing short scenes or parts of plays in exchange for food or drink. The custom of trick-or-treating on Halloween may come from the belief that supernatural beings, or the souls of the

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Later, it became the custom for poorer Christians to offer prayers for the dead, in return for money or food (soul cakes) from their wealthier neighbours. People would go 'souling' – rather like carol singing – requesting alms or soul cakes: 'A soul, a soul, a soul cake, Please to give us a soul

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This annual event began in the mid-1990s as a "fall festival" for an alternative to trick-or-treating, but became "trunk-or-treat" two decades later. This change was primarily due to "discomfort with some of Halloween's themes." Some churches and church leaders have attempted to connect with the

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in which trick-or-treaters ask people to give money for the organization, usually instead of collecting candy. Participating trick-or-treaters say when they knock at doors "Trick-or-treat for UNICEF!" This program started as an alternative to candy. The organization has long produced disposable

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The Library of Congress' autumn 2017 pop-up exhibit tells the intriguing tale of Halloween and Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead) through a dazzling range of treasures from across the collections. LOC Halloween: Chambers of Mystery covers the ancient and mysterious traditions behind these autumn

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The Commissioners and District of Columbia officials should enact a law to prohibit "beggars night" at Hallowe'en. It is making gangsters of children.… If the parents of these children were fined not less than $ 25 for putting their children out to beg, they would entertain their children at

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and Ireland, "guising" – children going from door to door in disguise – is secular, and a gift in the form of food, coins or "apples or nuts for the Halloween party" (and in more recent times, chocolate) is given out to the children. The tradition is called "guising" because of the

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In some parts of Canada, children sometimes say "Halloween apples" instead of "trick or treat". This probably originated when the toffee apple was a popular type of candy. Apple-giving in much of Canada, however, has been taboo since the 1960s when stories (of almost certainly questionable

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involved children dressing up as beggars and asking for treats, which later evolved into dressing up in more diverse costumes. Increasing hostility toward the practice in the 1930s eventually led to the begging aspects being dropped, and by the 1950s, the tradition as a whole had ceased.

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disguises or costumes worn by the children. In the West Mid Scots dialect, guising is known as "galoshans". In Scotland, youths went house to house in white with masked, painted or blackened faces, reciting rhymes and often threatening to do mischief if they were not welcomed.

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In plain fact it is straight New York or Chicago "graft" or "racket" in miniature. Certainly it wouldn't be a good idea for youngsters to go in extensively for this kind of petty "blackmail" on any other date than Halloween. Neither police nor public opinion would stand for

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I have lived in some 20 other towns and cities and I never saw nor heard of the begging practice until about 1936.… The sooner it becomes obsolete here the better. I don't mind the tiny children who want to show off their costumes, but I resent the impudence of the older

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Despite the concept of trick-or-treating originating in Britain and Ireland in the form of souling and guising, the use of the term "trick or treat" at the doors of homeowners was not common until the 1980s, with its popularisation in part through the release of the film

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into the northern and western United States in the 1930s and across the rest of the United States through the 1940s and early 1950s. Initially it was often found in variant forms, such as "tricks or treats," which was used in the earliest known case, a 1917 report in

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cultural phenomenon of Halloween, viewing it as an opportunity for cultural engagement with the Gospel. But some have called for more city or community group-sponsored trunk-or-treats, so they can be more inclusive. By 2006 these had become increasingly popular.

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reported in 2005 that 80 percent of adults in the United States planned to give out confectionery to trick-or-treaters, and that 93 percent of children, teenagers, and young adults planned to go trick-or-treating or participating in other Halloween activities.

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didn't. . . . "Tricks or treats" you could hear the gangs call out, and if the householder passed out the "coin" for the "treats" his establishment would be immune from attack until another gang came along that knew not of or had no part in the agreement.

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A record of guising at Halloween in Scotland in 1895 describes masqueraders in disguise carrying lanterns made out of scooped out turnips, visit homes to be rewarded with cakes, fruit, and money. In Ireland, children in costumes would commonly say

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Guising requires those going door-to-door to perform a song or poem without any jocular threat, and according to one BBC journalist, in the 1980s, "trick or treat" was still often viewed as an exotic and not particularly welcome import, with the

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holidays through a rich selection of books and archival special collections. Experience the spooky and solemn celebrations through sound and video recordings, prints and photographs, film scores and sheet music, chapbooks, and movie memorabilia.

769:, a similar tradition exists where children ask for alms (usually bread, sweets, fruits, chestnuts, money or small toys) with the phrase "unha esmoliña polos defuntiños que van alá" ("a little charity for the little deceased who are there"). 991:

sort of "trick" in exchange for food or money. The expression trick or treat has only been used at front doors for the last 10 to 15 years. Before that "Help the Halloween Party" seems to have been the most popular phrase to holler.

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Trick-or-treating does not seem to have become a widespread practice until the 1930s, with the first appearance in the United States of the term in 1928, and the first known use in a national publication occurring in 1939.

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Trick-or-treating typically begins at dusk on October 31. Some municipalities choose other dates. Homeowners wishing to participate sometimes decorate their homes with artificial spider webs, plastic skeletons and

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child has memorised before setting out. While going from door to door in disguise has remained popular among Scots and Irish at Halloween, the North American saying "trick-or-treat" has become common in the 2000s.

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in 1924. The now canonical form of "trick or treat" was first seen in 1917 in Chatsworth, only one day after the Sault Ste. Marie use, but "tricks or treats" was still in use in the 1966 television special,

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is the only area known to have a record of trick-or-treating being used to deter crime. Elsewhere, adults, as reported in newspapers from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, typically saw it as a form of

156:, which demanded the owners of the house to give them food and threatened to cause mischief if the owners of the house refused. This tradition was claimed to have been started by the Rhodian lawgiver 1300:

small companies to go from parish to parish at Halloween, begging soul-cakes by singing under the windows some such verse as this: "Soul, souls, for a soul-cake; Pray you good mistress, a soul-cake!"

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singing rhymes where they remind people why they are begging, saying "...It is for me and for you, and to give to the deceased who are dead and buried" or "It is to share with your deceased" In the

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I had mind it was Halloween . . . the wee callans (boys) were at it already, rinning aboot wi’ their fause-faces (false faces) on and their bits o’ turnip lanthrons (lanterns) in their haun (hand).

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While the first reference to "guising" in North America occurs in 1911, another reference to ritual begging on Halloween appears, place unknown, in 1915, with a third reference in Chicago in 1920.

687:, children also go door to door on Halloween. However, in French-speaking neighbourhoods, instead of "Trick or treat", they will simply say "Halloween", though it traditionally used to be " 2813: 475:

can tell they were printed later than the 1920s and more than likely even the 1930s. Tricksters of various sorts are shown on the early postcards, but not the means of appeasing them".

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The begging ritual, taken up by nonindigents and by children, involved the recitation of a souling rhyme, which typically requested "mercy on all Christian souls for a soul cake."

654:. Conversely, those who do not wish to participate may turn off outside lights for the evening or lock relevant gates and fences to keep people from coming onto their property. 1619: 2535: 387:(1919), and references souling in the chapter "Hallowe'en in America"; "The taste in Hallowe'en festivities now is to study old traditions, and hold a Scotch party, using 2709: 2003: 2938: 103:

countries of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States and Canada. It also has extended into Mexico. In northwestern and central Mexico, the practice is called

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Almost all pre-1940 uses of the term "trick-or-treat" are from the United States and Canada. Trick-or-treating spread throughout the United States, stalled only by

2282: 801:). In Norway, the practice is quite common among children, who come dressed up to people's doors asking for, mainly, candy. The Easter witch tradition is done on 683:

authenticity) appeared of razors hidden inside Halloween apples; parents began to check over their children's fruit for safety before allowing them to eat it. In

2861: 1537: 675:, area are expected to perform a joke, usually a simple Halloween-themed pun or riddle, before receiving any candy; this "trick" earns the "treat". Children in 2461: 629:". Very often, the phrase "trick or treat" is simply said and the revellers are given sweets, with the choice of a trick or a treat having been discarded. 1015:(in Scotland and N England) the practice or custom of disguising oneself in fancy dress, often with a mask, and visiting people's houses, esp at Halloween 1702: 1428: 1410:

Rogers, Nicholas. (2002) "Festive Rights:Halloween in the British Isles". Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. p. 48. Oxford University Press.

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Although some popular histories of Halloween have characterized trick-or-treating as an adult invention to re-channel Halloween activities away from

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as a guide; or to go a-souling as the English used. In short, no custom that was once honored at Hallowe'en is out of fashion now." Kelley lived in

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Halloween masks are referred to as "false faces" in Ireland and Scotland. A writer using Scots language recorded guisers in Ayr, Scotland in 1890:

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the bread given to the children takes the shape of the top of a skull. The tradition of pão-por-Deus was already recorded in the 15th century. In

859:". Rummelpott has experienced a massive decrease in popularity over recent decades, although some towns and communities are trying to revive it. 2393: 2743:

Manuel de Paiva Boléo, Universidade de Coimbra. Instituto de Estudos Românicos. Revista portuguesa de filologia – Volume 12 – Página 745 – 1963

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on as a universal indicator that they have candy; some simply leave treats available on their porches for the children to take freely, on the

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In Northern Germany and Southern Denmark, children dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating on New Year's Eve in a tradition called "

341:, records a child receiving 12 shillings and sixpence, having knocked on doors throughout the neighbourhood and performed. Growing up in 3176: 2567: 2563: 979: 2908: 2154: 2144: 1808: 2675: 2631: 2486: 2649: 463: 2770: 2886: 1762: 2405: 333:

Guising also involved going to wealthy homes, and in the 1920s, boys went guising at Halloween up to the affluent Thorntonhall,

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Another year has rolled around and the nightmare of having to put up with the "trick or treat" idea again fills me with dread.

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In Canada, students from the local high schools, colleges, and universities dress up to collect food donations for the local

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to trick-or-treating, while other parents see it as an easier alternative to walking the neighborhood with their children.

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from 1870 (shortly after that holiday's formalization) until the 1930s. In New York City, a Thanksgiving ritual known as

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The earliest known occurrence of the practice of guising at Halloween in North America is from 1911, when a newspaper in

138:, although it is extremely unlikely that any of them are directly related to the modern custom. The ancient Greek writer 2753: 2510: 2435: 1159:

Dalby, Andrew (1998). "Homer's Enemies: Lyric and Epic in the Seventh Century". In Fisher, Nick; van Wees, Hans (eds.).

3618: 2201: 1127: 593: 1659: 1641: 3590: 3237: 3200: 3055: 3022: 2129: 1590: 1482: 1415: 1398: 1323: 1243: 1094: 1038: 950: 1390: 2579: 1193:"There is an old rhyme or saying, 'A soul-cake, a soul-cake, have mercy on all Christian souls for a soul-cake.'" 589: 31: 228:. The festival is believed to have pre-Christian roots. In the 9th century, the Catholic Church made 1 November 184:"A soul-cake, a soul-cake, have mercy on all Christian souls for a soul-cake." — a popular English souling rhyme 3891: 3578: 3136: 2848: 749:, children go from house to house on All Saints Day and All Souls Day, carrying pumpkin carved lanterns called 17: 1930: 1440: 3156:"The Specter of Sex Offenders on Halloween: Unmasking Cultural, Constitutional, and Criminological Concerns" 1960: 1054: 626: 517:

Early national attention to trick-or-treating was given in October, 1947 issues of the children's magazines

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travel from house to house, asking for treats with the phrase "trick or treat". The "treat" is some form of

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custom for children and adults in some countries. During the evening of Halloween, on October 31, people in

3886: 3285: 1866: 561:, and Ozzie and Harriet were besieged by trick-or-treaters on an episode of their television show. In 1953 483: 360: 314:

covering their faces in the churchyard and in the courtyard of a house. They were each fined 40 shillings.

1898: 1838: 255: 2091: 1965: 1871: 557: 368:, the same province where the Scottish Halloween custom of "guising" is first recorded in North America 2069: 3628: 3613: 3435: 3379: 3155: 2265: 1776: 1521: 871: 566: 420: 295: 448:, who also found the first use from 1917, variant forms continued, with "trick or a treat" found in 3633: 3259: 519: 268: 1500: 432: 3462: 3313: 1781: 232:. Among Celtic-speaking peoples, it was seen as a liminal time, when the spirits or fairies (the 3369: 2783: 2726: 1119: 875:

collection boxes that state on the back what the money can be used for in developing countries.

625:. In Ireland before the phrase "trick or treat" became common in the 2000s, children would say " 3733: 3374: 2197: 1006: 551:

comic strip in 1951. The custom had become firmly established in popular culture by 1952, when

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Starting as far back as the 15th century, among Christians, there had been a custom of sharing

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The history of trick-or-treating traces back to Scotland and Ireland, where the tradition of

2536:"Saturday, Sunday or both? Here's when North Alabama communities suggest you trick-or-treat" 3723: 3673: 896: 730: 529: 437: 2422: 844:

or with paper lanterns (which can hold a candle or electronic light), singing songs about

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of Massachusetts wrote the first book length history of the holiday in the United States;

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had a custom in which children would go from door-to-door dressed as swallows, singing a

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Traditions similar to the modern custom of trick-or-treating extend all the way back to

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Guising has been recorded in Scotland since the 16th century, often at New Year. The

282:, Northern Ireland. Halloween masks are called ‘false faces’ in Ireland and Scotland. 61: 46: 42: 637: 3818: 3798: 3522: 2968: 1992: 1377:

Publications, Volume 16 (English Dialect Society), Harvard University Press, p. 507

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The cultural and political formation of a west of Scotland "baby-boomer", Volume 1

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Recalled a decade later by Martin Tolchin, "Halloween A Challenge To Parents,"

2315: 2263:, October 1953, p. 140. "They're Changing Halloween from a Pest to a Project," 1235: 1059: 651: 573: 471: 415: 338: 3119: 3092: 3050:(2 ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. 3032: 1867:"Quiet Hallowe'en; Chatsworth Boys and Girls Were on Good Behavior That Night" 781:, children dress up as witches and monsters when they go trick-or-treating on 3880: 3793: 3645: 3595: 3517: 3512: 3442: 3405: 3364: 3357: 3347: 3146: 3065: 3037: 2580:""What's The Age Limit On Trick Or Treating?", CBS Detroit, October 30, 2011" 2286: 2222: 2011: 1568: 798: 790: 246: 65: 1745:, October 1915, p. 1144. Mae McGuire Telford, "What Shall We Do Halloween?" 1114:

Apollo's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages

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Trick-or-treaters can expect Mom or Dad’s favorites in their bags this year

891: 699: 500: 388: 347: 299: 111:, "skull" in English), and instead of "trick or treat", the children ask, " 78: 882:

as a form of trick-or-treating. This is sometimes called "Trick-or-Eat".

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Behavior similar to trick-or-treating was more commonly associated with

3813: 3583: 3507: 906: 879: 577: 535: 376:, Canada reported on children going "guising" around the neighborhood. 180: 2909:"Trick or Eat: USSU Food Centre brings food to those who need it most" 1996: 302:

name men and women who danced at New Year 1623. Six men, described as

3778: 3698: 3557: 3482: 3329: 2827: 1760: 1674:"A very Derry Halloween: a carnival of frights, fireworks and parade" 794: 711: 622: 585: 569:

for children to raise funds for the charity while trick-or-treating.

242: 198:, held on 31 October–1 November, to mark the beginning of winter, in 157: 139: 57: 3207: 1251:

cake, One for Peter, two for Paul, have mercy on us Christians all.'

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Rogers, Nicholas (2002). "Coming Over: Halloween in North America".

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U.S. Census, January 1, 1920, State of Massachusetts, City of Lynn.

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also tell jokes or otherwise perform before receiving their treat.

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Some organizations around the United States and Canada sponsor a "

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Red Letter Days: The Christian Year in Story for Primary Assembly

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children dress up in various attires and go trick-or-treating on

786: 547: 199: 194: 173: 89: 2727:"Santos, Fernanda. "Trunk or Treat! Halloween Tailgating Grows"" 2487:"What day are cities in Oklahoma celebrating trick-or-treating?" 2023:

E-mail from Louise and Gary Carpentier, 29 May 2007, editors of

1809:"Origin of Phrase 'Trick-or-treat' in Print Traced to the Sault" 3803: 3758: 2436:"Trick or Treat to remain on Saturday - Portsmouth Daily Times" 1591:"Top ten Irish Halloween traditions and memories you may share" 867: 778: 758: 684: 562: 407: 311: 177:

dead, roamed the earth at this time and needed to be appeased.

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Moss, Doris Hudson. "A Victim of the Window-Soaping Brigade?"

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Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia, Volume 2

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in 1921, "treat up or tricks" and "treat or tricks" found in

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Death Makes a Holiday : a Cultural History of Halloween

2862:"Rummelpott: Eine alte Tradition wird in Horst wiederbelebt" 2676:"Trunk or Treat Planning for Churches: A Step-by-Step Guide" 3683: 2784:

Intermuseus Dezembro 2006 nº 7 Direcção Regional da Cultura

2058:, November 1939, p. 48. Moss was a California-based writer. 608: 581: 2650:"A New Way To Do Halloween: Chocolate Chunks In The Trunk" 980:"Ten trick-or-treating facts for impressive bonfire chats" 527:, and by Halloween episodes of the network radio programs 2595:"Did You Hear the One About Frankenstein's Ghoul Friend?" 614: 509: 1165:. London: General Duckworth & Co. Ltd. p. 204. 1063:. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. November 1, 1917. p. 2 576:

vandalism, there are very few records supporting this.

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that began in April, 1942 and lasted until June, 1947.

2939:"The rise and fall of trick-or-treating - North Shore" 1993:

Postcard & Greeting Card Museum: Halloween Gallery

1899:""Treat or Tricks" Hallowe'en Slogan Was Out of Place" 1839:"Word on the Street: 'Tricks or Treats' Goes Singular" 1564:"11 struggles every Irish trick or treater remembers" 1429:"Scottish Guising: Medieval And Modern Theatre Games" 601:

Phrase introduction to the United Kingdom and Ireland

30:"Trick or treat" redirects here. For other uses, see 1460:

Galoshans at Hallowe'en / News / Talk of the Towns.

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dress up to go out and ask for gifts for a charity.

1499:. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Archived from 1089:. London: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. unpaginated. 337:. An account of guising in the 1950s in Ardrossan, 1761: 1276:Compendium of Symbolic and Ritual Plants in Europe 1111: 3260:"LOC Halloween: Chambers of Mystery Bibliography" 1118:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 1055:"Hallowe'en and Snow Is Unusual Combination Here" 996: 740: 3878: 1287: 1261: 1259: 436:Newspaper clipping of kids trick-or-treating in 2700:"'Trunk or treat' doesn't include all children" 2511:"Saturday officially set for trick-or-treating" 2406:“Halloween: trick, treat and a total travesty?” 1426: 1315:Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life 1206:Pagan Channel Islands: Europe's Hidden Heritage 1162:Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence 641:Two children trick-or-treating on Halloween in 545:in 1948. Trick-or-treating was depicted in the 3286:“Trick or Treat” ("Trick or Treat for UNICEF") 267:"Guising" redirects here. For other uses, see 3314: 2012:Morticia's Morgue Antique Halloween Postcards 1558: 1556: 1318:. University of Tennessee Press. p. 84. 1256: 974: 972: 970: 968: 966: 964: 962: 862: 121:is a small skull made of sugar or chocolate. 3195:. Portland, Oregon: Talky Tina Press, 2003. 1473:Campbell, Oliver Frances (1900, 1902, 2005) 1385: 1383: 148:that, in ancient times, the Greek island of 3177:Ohio State University Moritz College of Law 3102:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night 2396:, National Confectioners Association, 2004. 2384:, National Confectioners Association, 2005. 1802: 1800: 1305: 1223: 1031:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night 945:. Oxford University Press. pp. 28–30. 943:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night 666: 3321: 3307: 2887:"The history of trick-or-treat for UNICEF" 2673: 2484: 2326:Mrs. B. G. McElwee, letter to the editor, 2196:, October 31, 1948, both originating from 1583: 1553: 959: 355: 3153: 2592: 2092:"Ragamuffin Parades Mark Holiday in City" 1832: 1830: 1433:International Journal of Scottish Theatre 1380: 1281: 1109: 1025: 1023: 115:" (" give me my little skull?"), where a 2906: 2789:2008-03-11 at the Portuguese Web Archive 2348:Lucy Powell Seay, letter to the editor, 1797: 1644:p. 14. Cosmos Original Productions, 2002 1539:Frank Leslie's popular monthly, Volume 4 1467: 1464:. 27 Oct 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2011 1179: 1049: 1047: 698: 636: 508: 431: 359: 273: 179: 36: 3077:. London, UK: Reaktion Books, Limited. 2674:Stetler II, Darrell (August 22, 2023). 2337:"M.E.G.", letter to column "Ask Anne", 2259:"A Barrel of Fun for Halloween Night," 2084: 1741:Wright, Theo. E., "A Halloween Story," 1671: 1497:"Halloween Customs in the Celtic World" 1488: 1477:. Edited by Ronald Black. Birlinn Ltd. 1354:Chapter 7: All Hallow Tide to Martinmas 1311: 1229: 837:, children go to houses with home-made 494: 364:Girl in a Halloween costume in 1928 in 14: 3879: 3099: 3075:Trick Or Treat: A History of Halloween 3072: 3045: 3017:. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. 3010: 2961:"The First Candy Day, 14 October 1916" 2958: 2724: 2425:", BBC News Magazine, 31 October 2007. 2119: 1836: 1827: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1610: 1608: 1535: 1494: 1297:. Scribner & Company. p. 93. 1082: 1020: 188:It may otherwise have originated in a 3302: 2648:Lecci, Stephanie (October 31, 2013). 2647: 2459: 2248:The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet 2223:"Peanuts Comic Strip on GoComics.com" 2208:, October 31, 1948, originating from 2122:Trick or Treat a history of halloween 2067: 1806: 1342: 1158: 1044: 940: 464:It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown 129: 3126: 2936: 2725:Santos, Fernanda (31 October 2006). 2680:NewStart Discipleship Resources, LLC 2462:"Trick-or-treating will be Saturday" 2061: 1790:participating institution membership 1672:Bradley, Michael (24 October 2018). 1185: 253:mentions the practice in his comedy 3292:on the history of "trick or treat". 2593:Palazzolo, Joe (October 31, 2014). 2313:"A. Mother", letter to the editor, 2206:The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet 2068:Nigro, Carmen (November 23, 2010). 1647: 1605: 785:(the Thursday before Easter) while 542:The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet 72:/sweets, although in some cultures 24: 3205: 2930: 2907:Thompson, Jack (29 October 2016). 2560:2013 Municipal Trick-or-Treat List 2460:HOGAN, VERSHAL (27 October 2021). 2423:The Japanese knotweed of festivals 1033:. Oxford University Press. p. 76. 934: 594:National Confectioners Association 408:The interjection "Trick or treat!" 25: 3903: 3230: 2959:Kawash, Samira (9 October 2009). 2562:, Haunted Wisconsin, dated 2013, 1427:Sarah Carpenter (December 2001). 1350:Christmas in Ritual and Tradition 870:started a program in 1950 called 694: 661: 456:in 1922, and "treat or trick" in 345:, Northern Ireland in the 1960s, 142:of Naucratis records in his book 99:The activity is prevalent in the 3861: 3860: 3193:The Halloween Catalog Collection 2319:, November 7, 1941, p. 20: 2291:Jokes set local Halloween apart 2070:"Thanksgiving Ragamuffin Parade" 1837:Zimmer, Ben (October 31, 2015). 1807:Flood, Alex (October 31, 2022). 765:, particularly in the island of 703:Trunk-or-treating event held at 3154:Snodgrass, M. Benjamin (2010). 2900: 2879: 2859: 2853: 2841: 2820: 2806: 2792: 2777: 2763: 2746: 2737: 2718: 2693: 2667: 2641: 2624: 2612: 2586: 2572: 2553: 2528: 2503: 2478: 2453: 2428: 2415: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2360: 2306:, November 6, 1935, p. 4: 2296: 2272: 2253: 2236: 2215: 2183: 2166: 2138: 2113: 2048: 2030: 2017: 1991:For examples, see the websites 1985: 1953: 1923: 1891: 1859: 1754: 1735: 1717: 1708: 1691: 1665: 1662:pp. 65–66. Retrieved 2010-11-11 1634: 1536:Leslie, Frank (November 1895). 1529: 1525:, 2 (Aberdeen, 1903), pp. 176-7 1514: 1454: 1420: 1404: 1389:Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt (1998) 1371: 1359: 1268: 1211: 1198: 753:, asking everyone they see for 322:" at the doors of homeowners. 32:Trick or treat (disambiguation) 3238:"Ancient Halloween Traditions" 2124:. Reaktion Books. p. 64. 2027:(CD-ROM), G & L Postcards. 1495:Arnold, Bettina (2001-10-31). 1220:, Christina Hole (1976), p. 91 1152: 1139: 1103: 1076: 772: 741:Portugal and Iberian Peninsula 513:Magazine advertisement in 1962 379:American historian and author 96:" at the doors of homeowners. 13: 1: 3328: 3288:. Web page from etymologist 2754:"A canção ródia da andorinha" 2440:www.portsmouth-dailytimes.com 2330:, Nov. 11, 1948, p. 12: 2044:. 1 November 1928. p. 3. 1973:. November 2, 1917. p. 2 1941:. November 7, 1924. p. 4 1911:. November 2, 1922. p. 6 1879:. November 3, 1921. p. 3 1110:Mathiesen, Thomas J. (1999). 927: 623:"making demands with menaces" 3131:. Living Sacrifice Book Co. 2352:, Oct. 29, 1949, p. 8: 1997:Antique Hallowe'en Postcards 1393:Pelican Publishing Company. 632: 555:portrayed it in the cartoon 7: 3104:. Oxford University Press. 2412:. Retrieved 28 October 2020 2025:Halloween Postcards Catalog 2001:Vintage Halloween Postcards 1981:– via Newspapers.com. 1949:– via Newspapers.com. 1919:– via Newspapers.com. 1887:– via Newspapers.com. 1815:. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario 1618:. Dsl.ac.uk. Archived from 1366:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1230:Jackson, Jeanne L. (1995). 1071:– via Newspapers.com. 885: 689:La charité, s'il-vous-plaît 256:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 10: 3908: 3443:Lighting candles on graves 3048:The Halloween Encyclopedia 3011:Kelley, Ruth Edna (1919). 3003:International Confectioner 2997:International Confectioner 2372:, October 27, 1958, p. 35. 2269:, October 12, 1957, p. 10. 1697:Kelley, Ruth Edna Kelley. 1348:Miles, Clement A. (1912). 1011:Collins English Dictionary 863:Trick-or-treat for charity 266: 262: 163: 124: 29: 3857: 3771: 3732: 3672: 3663: 3606: 3566: 3461: 3436:Connecticut field pumpkin 3388: 3338: 3100:Rogers, Nicholas (2002). 2988:“Nation Wide Candy Day,” 2712:December 9, 2014, at the 2485:KOCO Staff (2021-10-28). 2341:, Nov. 21, 1948, p. S11: 2266:The Saturday Evening Post 2072:. New York Public Library 1777:Oxford English Dictionary 1186:Hall, Anna Maria (1847). 1007:"Definition of "guising"" 872:Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF 812: 421:Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario 2225:. Comics.com. 2000-02-13 2192:, November 1, 1946, and 2042:The Bay City Daily Times 1391:Forerunners to Halloween 1188:Sharpe's London Magazine 941:Roger, Tricking (2003). 667:United States and Canada 627:Help the Halloween Party 617:referring to it as "the 444:As shown by word sleuth 320:Help the Halloween Party 269:Guising (disambiguation) 107:(Spanish diminutive for 94:help the Halloween party 3127:Skal, David J. (2005). 2937:Borrelli, Christopher. 2599:The Wall Street Journal 2568:copy at webcitation.org 2304:Spokane Daily Chronicle 1782:Oxford University Press 1751:, October 1920, p. 135. 1658:Stuart Christie (2002) 1134:swallow song of Rhodes. 1083:Turner, Angela (2015). 691:" ("Charity, please"). 645:, United States in 2007 356:Spread to North America 3735:Veneration of the Dead 3164:Ohio State Law Journal 3014:The Book of Hallowe'en 2830:. H2g2.com. 2007-01-13 1699:The Book of Hallowe'en 1640:John A. Walker (2002) 1312:Santino, Jack (1994). 1204:Peddle, S. V. (2007). 718: 646: 514: 441: 430: 385:The Book of Hallowe'en 369: 331: 304:guisers or "gwysseris" 283: 185: 50: 3892:Masquerade ceremonies 3380:Christian observances 3243:Campbell House Museum 3073:Morton, Lisa (2012). 3046:Morton, Lisa (2011). 3005:Nov. 1916, p. 41 2999:June 1916, p. 39 2992:July 1916, p. 34 2632:"Safe Kids Worldwide" 2174:Indianapolis, Indiana 2120:Morton, Lisa (2012). 1727:Hallowe'en in America 1703:Hallowe'en in America 1475:The Gaelic Otherworld 1294:St. Nicholas Magazine 712:Early Learning Center 702: 640: 525:Children's Activities 512: 435: 425: 363: 327: 277: 183: 113:¿Me da mi calaverita? 49:, on October 31, 1979 45:trick-or-treating in 41:A child dressed as a 40: 3724:Parade of Lost Souls 3675:Festival of the Dead 2621:. provincequebec.com 2466:Ashley News Observer 2394:Fun Facts: Halloween 2280:"Des Moines Register 2190:The Baby Snooks Show 1872:Owen Sound Sun-Times 1725:"Kelley, Ruth Edna. 1523:The records of Elgin 1218:British Folk Customs 1060:The Sault Daily Star 897:Poisoned candy myths 825:, and most areas of 821:, some parts of the 530:The Baby Snooks Show 495:Increased popularity 416:The Sault Daily Star 3887:Halloween practices 3867:Category: Halloween 3652:Treehouse of Horror 3448:Prayer for the dead 3216:Library of Congress 2990:Candy and Ice Cream 2816:. November 3, 2022. 2708:, October 11, 2010 2619:Halloween in Quebec 2564:copy at archive.org 2515:The Southwest Times 2210:CBS Columbia Square 2194:The Jack Benny Show 2101:. November 28, 1947 2038:"Tricks or Treats?" 1971:Owen Sound, Ontario 1877:Owen Sound, Ontario 1844:Wall Street Journal 1780:(Online ed.). 1748:Ladies Home Journal 1616:"DOST: Hallow Evin" 1439:(2). Archived from 1265:Hutton, pp. 374–375 988:. 31 October 2014. 673:St. Louis, Missouri 536:The Jack Benny Show 472:Halloween postcards 450:Chatsworth, Ontario 399:Lynn, Massachusetts 136:classical antiquity 27:Halloween tradition 3579:Haunted attraction 2731:The New York Times 2582:. 30 October 2011. 2369:The New York Times 2153:, March 30, 1942. 2099:The New York Times 2006:2008-07-23 at the 1542:. pp. 540–543 1462:Greenock Telegraph 797:(or the next day, 719: 647: 621:of festivals" and 565:first conducted a 515: 442: 370: 284: 278:Halloween shop in 186: 145:The Deipnosophists 130:Ancient precursors 51: 3874: 3873: 3767: 3766: 3744:Death anniversary 3709:Qingming Festival 3396:Trick-or-treating 3246:. 27 October 2016 3206:Winick, Stephen. 3111:978-0-19-516896-9 3084:978-1-78914-158-0 2828:"St Martin's Day" 2705:Standard Examiner 2542:. 29 October 2021 2421:Coughlan, Sean. " 2178:Chicago, Illinois 2145:"One Lump Please" 2056:The American Home 1939:Red Deer, Alberta 1935:Red Deer Advocate 1909:Edmonton, Alberta 1904:Edmonton Bulletin 1788:(Subscription or 1763:"trick or treat, 1593:. Ireland Central 1520:William Cramond, 1368:. Act 2, Scene 1. 1172:978-1-910589-58-8 731:safer alternative 619:Japanese knotweed 567:national campaign 470:The thousands of 454:Edmonton, Alberta 374:Kingston, Ontario 335:South Lanarkshire 172:, a tradition of 56:is a traditional 54:Trick-or-treating 47:Redford, Michigan 16:(Redirected from 3899: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3736: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3591:Pumpkin festival 3465: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3300: 3299: 3282: 3276: 3274: 3264: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3160: 3150: 3123: 3096: 3069: 3042: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2967:. 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The 458:Penhold, Alberta 381:Ruth Edna Kelley 312:masks and visors 21: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3784:All Saints' Day 3763: 3734: 3728: 3674: 3665: 3659: 3602: 3562: 3533:Monster cereals 3463: 3457: 3426:Jack-o'-lantern 3384: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3296: 3272: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3249: 3247: 3236: 3233: 3220: 3218: 3182: 3180: 3158: 3139: 3112: 3085: 3058: 3025: 2974: 2972: 2965:Candy Professor 2949: 2947: 2944:Chicago Tribune 2933: 2931:Further reading 2928: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2871: 2869: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2723: 2719: 2714:Wayback Machine 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2495: 2493: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2468: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2420: 2416: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2365: 2361: 2350:Washington Post 2339:Washington Post 2328:Washington Post 2301: 2297: 2277: 2273: 2258: 2254: 2244:Halloween Party 2241: 2237: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2188: 2184: 2180:, respectively. 2171: 2167: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2053: 2049: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2022: 2018: 2008:Wayback Machine 1990: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1835: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1805: 1798: 1787: 1759: 1755: 1740: 1736: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1670: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1562: 1561: 1554: 1545: 1543: 1534: 1530: 1519: 1515: 1506: 1504: 1493: 1489: 1472: 1468: 1459: 1455: 1446: 1444: 1425: 1421: 1409: 1405: 1388: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1347: 1343: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1310: 1306: 1286: 1282: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1246: 1238:. p. 158. 1228: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1203: 1199: 1184: 1180: 1173: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1140: 1130: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1081: 1077: 1066: 1064: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1028: 1021: 1005: 1004: 997: 985:The Irish Times 978: 977: 960: 953: 939: 935: 930: 888: 865: 815: 783:Maundy Thursday 775: 743: 727:Halloween night 708:Lutheran Church 697: 669: 664: 652:jack-o-lanterns 635: 603: 504:sugar rationing 497: 410: 366:Ontario, Canada 358: 272: 265: 230:All Saints' Day 166: 132: 127: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3905: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3872: 3871: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3829:Mischief Night 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3809:Eid il-Burbara 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3789:All Souls' Day 3786: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3719:Zhōng yuán jié 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3694:Día de Muertos 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3488:Bonfire toffee 3485: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3467: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3455: 3453:Pangangaluluwa 3450: 3445: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3423: 3421:Halloween Tree 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3344: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3283: 3256: 3232: 3231:External links 3229: 3228: 3227: 3212:guides.loc.gov 3203: 3189: 3173:Columbus, Ohio 3151: 3137: 3124: 3110: 3097: 3083: 3070: 3056: 3043: 3023: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2986: 2956: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2899: 2878: 2852: 2847:Christian Roy 2840: 2819: 2805: 2791: 2776: 2762: 2745: 2736: 2717: 2692: 2666: 2640: 2623: 2611: 2585: 2571: 2552: 2527: 2502: 2477: 2452: 2427: 2414: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2359: 2357: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2336: 2335: 2325: 2324: 2316:The Fresno Bee 2312: 2311: 2295: 2285:2013-01-21 at 2271: 2252: 2235: 2214: 2198:NBC Radio City 2182: 2165: 2155:"Decontrolled" 2137: 2130: 2112: 2083: 2060: 2047: 2029: 2016: 1984: 1966:Owen Sound Sun 1952: 1922: 1890: 1858: 1826: 1796: 1753: 1734: 1716: 1707: 1690: 1664: 1646: 1642:Sergeant Jiggy 1633: 1604: 1582: 1552: 1528: 1513: 1487: 1466: 1453: 1419: 1403: 1379: 1370: 1358: 1341: 1324: 1304: 1291:, ed. 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