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82:) (thus, each point in this region corresponds to a triple point). This region will terminate in two critical lines of two-phase coexistence; these two critical lines may then terminate at a single tricritical point. This point is therefore "twice critical", since it belongs to two critical branches.
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It seems more convenient experimentally to consider mixtures with four components for which one thermodynamic variable (usually the pressure or the volume) is kept fixed. The situation then reduces to the one described for mixtures of three components.
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in 1937, wherein Landau called the tricritical point as the critical point of the continuous transition. The first example of the tricritical point was shown by
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number of components for which these points can appear. In this case, one may have a two-dimensional region of three-phase coexistence (
261:
Griffiths, R. B. (1970). Thermodynamics near the two-fluid critical mixing point in He 3-He 4. Physical Review
Letters, 24(13), 715.
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undergoes a first- or a second-order phase transition. The question was finally settled in 1982. If the
Ginzburg–Landau parameter
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70:). For tricritical points to be observed, one needs a mixture with more components. It can be shown that three is the
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turn out to apply for real systems in three dimensions (but not for systems whose spatial dimension is 2 or lower).
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A. S. Freitas & Douglas F. de
Albuquerque (2015). "Existence of a tricritical point in the antiferromagnet KFe
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where type-I goes over into type-II superconductor. The prediction was confirmed in 2002 by Monte Carlo
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364:"Disorder Version of the Abelian Higgs Model and the Order of the Superconductive Phase Transition"
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469:"Vortex interactions and thermally induced crossover from type-I to type-II superconductivity"
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Landau, L. D., & Lifshitz, E. M. (2013). Statistical
Physics: Volume 5 (Vol. 5). Elsevier.
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Landau, L. D. (1937). On the theory of phase transitions. I. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 11, 19.
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is different from that of a conventional critical point: the upper
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409:"Vortex Origin of Tricritical Point in Ginzburg-Landau Theory"
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as the point at which two-phase coexistence terminates.
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Historically, it was for a long time unclear whether a
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