Tripoli, Lebanon - Knowledge

680: 2650: 1489: 1554:, the Magnificent. That was the only major project during 400 years of Ottoman Rule. Later governors brought further modifications to the original Crusader structure used as garrison center and prison. Khan al-Saboun (originally a military barrack) was constructed in the center of the city to control any uprising. Ottoman Tripoli also witnessed the development of the southern entrance of the city and many buildings, such as the al-Muallaq or "hanging" Mosque (1559), al-Tahhan Mosque (early 17th century), and al-Tawbah mosque (Mamluk construction, destroyed by 1612 flood and restored during early Ottoman Period). It also included several secular buildings, such as Khan al-Saboun (early 17th century) and Hammam al-Jadid (1740). 63: 1226: 1481: 1847:) with mild wet winters and very dry, hot summers. Temperatures are moderated throughout the year due to the warm Mediterranean current coming from Western Europe. Therefore, temperatures are warmer in the winter by around 10 °C (18 °F) and cooler in the summer by around 7 °C (13 °F) compared to the interior of Lebanon. Although snow is an extremely rare event that only occurs around once every ten years, hail is common and occurs fairly regularly in the winter. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter months, with the summer typically being very dry. 103: 4877: 2476: 1366: 1210: 3232: 1671: 2592: 3031: 4795: 3208: 1079: 3244: 3195: 3182: 171: 306: 3098: 3047: 933: 3220: 3169: 2439: 2724:"More recent years have seen the fairground undermined by a mixture of periodic instability and nonsensical administrative procedures that make it virtually impossible to put the facility to use. If the city needed any more physical metaphors for decay, the fairground is flanked by a Quality Inn that is literally falling apart, and whose ownership is years overdue on payment to the site’s administrators." 779: 1576:, whose borders forcibly separated Tripoli from Syria, a decision that was contested by Tripolitans. Tripoli's population - mostly Sunni Muslims - found itself isolated in this state dominated by Christians, and so Tripoli developed a strong identity as a bastion for Muslim Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism. During this period, protests demanding reunification with Syria were backed by the 2809: 1362:, the Islamic schools. It is the madrassas which most attract attention, for they include highly original structures as well as decoration: here a honeycombed ceiling, there a curiously shaped corniche, doorway or moulded window frame. Among the finest is the madrassa al-Burtasiyah, with an elegant façade picked out in black and white stones and a highly decorated lintel over the main door. 723: 110: 3695: 2562: 1458:), and two mosques that were built on empty land (al-Burtasi and al-Uwaysiyat). Other mosques incorporated earlier structures (churches, khans, and shops). Mamluk Tripoli also included 16 madrasas of which four no longer exist (al-Zurayqiyat, al-Aattar, al-Rifaiyah, and al-Umariyat). Six of the madrasas concentrated around the Grand Mosque. Tripoli also included a 2452:, or the Rabbits' Island, is the largest of the islands with an area of 20 ha (49 acres). The name "Araneb" or Rabbits comes from the great numbers of rabbits that were grown on the island during the time of the French mandate early in the 20th century. It is now a nature reserve for green turtles, rare birds and rabbits. Declared as a protected area by 1539:. Until 1612, Tripoli was considered as the port of Aleppo. It also depended on Syrian interior trade and tax collection from mountainous hinterland. Tripoli witnessed a strong presence of French merchants during the 17th and 18th centuries and became under intense inter-European competition for trade. Tripoli was reduced to a sanjak centre in the 1350:. During the period the castle of Saint-Gilles was expanded as the Citadel of Mamluk Tripoli. The "Aqueduct of the Prince" was reused to bring water from the Rash'in spring. Several bridges were constructed and the surrounding orchards expanded through marsh drainage. Fresh water was supplied to houses from their roofs. 2456:

in 1992, camping, fire building or other depredation is forbidden. In addition to its scenic landscape, the Palm Island is also a cultural heritage site. Evidence for human occupation, dated back to the Crusader period, was uncovered during 1973 excavations by the General Directorate of Antiquities.

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The urban form of Mamluk Tripoli was dictated mainly by climate, site configuration, defense, and urban aesthetics. The layout of major thoroughfares was set according to prevailing winds and topography. The city had no fortifications, but heavy building construction characterized by compact urban

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Recently, a Tripoli development plan called "Tripoli Vision 2020" has been formulated and supported by a number of advisory councils including influential key government officials and prominent businessmen in the city. The goal of the project is to provides a comprehensive framework consisting of

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With the formation of Lebanon and the 1948 breakup of the Syrian–Lebanese customs union, Tripoli, once on par in economic and commercial importance to Beirut, was cut off from its traditional trade relations with the Syrian hinterland and therefore declined in relative prosperity. The city faces

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Tripoli, while once economically comparable to Beirut, has declined in recent decades. Organizations such as the Business Incubation Association in Tripoli (BIAT) are currently trying to revive traditional export businesses such as furniture production, artisanal copper goods, soaps, as well as

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Tripoli stands out as one of Lebanon's economically poorest cities, marked by a substantial divide between the affluent and poor residents. The city grapples with elevated unemployment rates, and certain impoverished neighborhoods have become strongholds for Islamist and other radical factions.

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When Tripoli was visited by Ibn Batutah in 1355, he described the newly founded Mamluk city. "Traversed by water-channels and full of’ gardens", he writes, "the houses are newly built. The sea lies two leagues distant, and the ruins of the old town are seen on the sea-shore. It was taken by the

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technique of alternating light and dark stone courses). Bearing walls were used as vertical supports. Cross vaults covered most spaces from prayer halls to closed rectangular rooms, to galleries around courtyards. Domes were constructed over conspicuous and important spaces like tomb chambers,

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Since Lebanese independence was achieved, Tripoli has been mired in a period of extended economic and political decline. Beirut's rise as Lebanon's dominant port deprived Tripoli of its former preeminence as a trade hub, and globalization eroded the city's ability to compete in manufacturing.

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who was commissioned for the project in 1962. The site was built for a World's Fair event to be held in the city, but construction was halted in 1975 due to the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war, and never resumed. The site contains 15 semi-completed Niemeyer buildings within an approximate

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Tripoli became a major trading port of Syria supplying Europe with candy, loaf and powdered sugar (especially during the latter part of the 14th century). The main products from agriculture and small industry included citrus fruits, olive oil, soap, and textiles (cotton and silk, especially

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formed the ruling class holding main political, military and administrative functions. Arabs formed the population base (religious, industrial, and commercial functions) and the general population included the original inhabitants of the city, immigrants from different parts of the Levant,

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The religious and secular buildings of Mamluk Tripoli comprise a fine example of the architecture of that time. The oldest among them were built with stones taken from 12th and 13th-century churches; the characteristics of the architecture of the period are best seen in the mosques and

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The Tripoli Special Economic Zone (TSEZ) was established in 2008 to provide exemptions from many taxes and duties for investment projects that have more than $ 300,000 of capital and more than half their workers from Lebanon. It is a 55-hectare site adjacent to the Port of Tripoli.

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About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas, khanqahs, hammams, and caravanserais, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs. Major buildings in Mamluk Tripoli included six congregational mosques (the Mansouri Great Mosque,

676:) which is used to indicate the diffusion of a scent or smell. Tripoli was once known for its vast orange orchards. During the season of blooming, the pollen of orange flowers was said to be carried on the air, creating a splendid perfume that filled the city and suburbs. 3485:

A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine: Including an Account of the Geography, History, Antiquities, and Inhabitants of These Countries, the Peninsula of Sinai, Edom, and the Syrian Desert; with Detailed Descriptions of Jerusalem, Petra, Damascus, and

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Public buildings in Mamluk Tripoli were emphasized through sitting, façade treatment, and street alignment. Well-cut and well-dressed stones (local sandstone) were used as media of construction and for decorative effects on elevations and around openings (the

1446:(r. 1290–93) founded the city's first congregational mosque in memory of his father (Qalawun), in either late 1293 or 1294 (693 AH). Six madrasas were later built around the mosque. The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused a 3499:

Tripoli, according to ancient writers (Diodorus Siculus, Pliny, and Strabo), originally consisted of three quarters, a stadium distant from each other, and founded respectively by colonies from Aradus, Sidon, and Tyre – hence its name, "the Triple

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The Bakar Islands, also known as Abdulwahab Island, were leased to Adel and Khiereddine Abdulwahab as a shipyard, since the Ottoman rule and until this day a ship and marine contractor. It was also known as St Thomas Island during the Crusades.

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wall, and floor on the inside. Decorations at the time may be subdivided into structural decoration (found outside the buildings and incorporate the medium of construction itself such as ablaq walls, plain or zigzag moldings, fish scale motifs,

1383:, and covered courtyards. Typical construction details in Mamluk Tripoli included cross vaults with concave grooves meeting in octagonal openings or concave rosettes as well as simple cupolas or ribbed domes. The use of double drums and corner 2534:, who dominated the city in 1102 and commanded a fortress to be built in which he named Mont Pèlerin (Mount Pilgrim). The original castle was burnt down in 1289, and rebuilt again on numerous occasions and was rebuilt in 1307–08 by Emir 1354:

forms, narrow and winding streets for difficult city penetration. Residential areas were bridged over streets at strategic points for surveillance and defense. The city also included many loopholes and narrow slits at street junctions.

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Tripoli embodies Lebanon's extreme wealth inequality: Although it is one of the country's most concentrated centers of poverty, it is also the hometown of several extravagantly wealthy politicians, notably including Najib Mikati,

62: 1167:) into a built-up suburb including the main religious monuments of the city such as: The "Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Pilgrim's Mountain" (incorporating the Shiite shrine), the Church of Saint Mary of the Tower, and the 873:

civilization in Tripoli before the 8th (or sometimes 4th) century BCE. Others argue that the north–south gradient of Phoenician port establishments on the Lebanese coast indicates an earlier age for the Phoenician Tripoli.

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Tripoli is a very rich city containing many mosques that are spread all over the city. In every district of the city there is a mosque. During the Mamluk era, a lot of mosques were built and many still remain until today.

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established Khan Al Saboun (the hotel of soap traders). This market was finished at the beginning of the 16th century, the last days of the Mamluk rule. The raw material used for these kinds of soap is olive oil.

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from the Crusaders in 1289. The Mamluks destroyed the old city and built a new city 4 km inland from it. About 35 monuments from the Mamluk city have survived to the present day, including mosques, madrasas,

1826:, beginning in 2011, has extended into Tripoli, where local Alawites align with the Assad regime, while Lebanese Sunnis support the opposition, resulting in frequent and intense clashes between the two groups. 962:

period, Tripoli witnessed the construction of important public buildings including a municipal stadium or gymnasium due to the strategic position of the city midway on the imperial coastal highway leading from

1418:(public baths) were carefully located to serve major population concentrations: one next to the Grand Mosque, the other in the center of the commercial district, and the third in the right-bank settlement. 1628:

diplomatic intervention, Tahweed agreed to surrender their heavy weapons and Syrian troops, on 6 October, were deployed throughout the city. A further 350 people had been killed and hundreds more wounded.

1124:. Tripoli was home to a busy port and was a major center of silk weaving, with as many as 4,000 looms. Important products of the time included lemons, oranges, and sugar cane. For 180 years, during the 1616:

Red Knights as well as Syrian special forces. After a week of fighting which saw around 150 killed, 4500 wounded and 200,000 people leaving their homes, the Syrians brokered a truce which involved the

679: 947:, Tripoli gained the right to mint its own coins (112 BCE); it was granted autonomy between 104 and 105, which it retained until 64 BCE. At the time, Tripoli was a center of shipbuilding and 3001:

promoting investment, investing, training, re-skilling, talent placement and output promotion to reinvigorate the city's economy. The Tripoli Vision 2020 was sponsored by the Prime Minister

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laid siege to the city at the beginning of the 12th century and were able finally to enter it in 1109. This caused extensive destruction, including the burning of Tripoli's famous library,

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Mamluk Tripoli witnessed a high rate of urban growth and a fast city development (according to traveler's accounts). It also had poles of growth including the fortress, the

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The International Fair of Tripoli site, formally known as the Rachid Karami International Exhibition Center, is a complex of buildings designed by the Brazilian architect

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Tripoli has a large number of schools of all levels, public and private. It is also served by several universities within the city limits as well as in its metro area.

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Tripoli became a financial center and main port of northern Phoenicia with sea trade (East Mediterranean and the West), and caravan trade (North Syria and hinterland).

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Indeed, the hammams built in Tripoli by the early Mamluk governors were splendid edifices and many of them are still present until today. Some of the more known are:

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The khan, built around a square courtyard decorated with a fountain, houses soap making workshops and shops. At the end of the 15th century, the governor of Tripoli

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Wartime violence and instability triggered waves of emigration and capital flight. It also left Tripoli increasingly isolated, not least due to the dismantling of

6340: 1466:) that are noted for their cupolas. Hammams were luxuriously decorated and the light streaming down from their domes enhances the inner atmosphere of the place. 1708:) vie for influence through competing networks of patronage: "No single leader has been able to assert dominance, leaving city politics to devolve into chaos." 786:

Evidence of settlement in Tripoli dates back as early as 1400 BCE. Tripoli was originally established as a Phoenician colony in the 8th century BC. There, the

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Franks, but al-Malik ath-Tháhir (Qala’un) retook it from them, and then laid the place in ruins and built the present town. There are fine baths here.’’

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occupying five key positions and the removal of heavy weapons. The truce broke down on 27 September and Tahweed al-Islami positions where bombarded from

3912: 3076: 6355: 3427:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317. 3360:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 317. 2535: 6004: 2475: 1692:

Tripoli's stagnation is attributable, in part, to the city's dysfunctional politics, in which a fragmented array of Sunni political figures (such as

1250:, many of them built by local Mamluk amirs (princes). The Mamluks did not fortify the city with walls but restored and reused Saint-Gille's citadel. 5462: 3059:

Unlike other khans built around a square courtyard, el-Khayyatin, built in the 14th century, is a 60 meter long passage with arches on each side.

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The Clock Tower is one of the most iconic monuments in Tripoli. The tower is located in Al-Tell square, and was gifted to the city by the

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who had ordered the restoration. In the early 19th century, the Citadel was extensively restored by the Ottoman Governor of Tripoli

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was among the languages spoken in Tripoli and neighboring villages. At that time, Tripoli had a heterogeneous population including

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remains. At the Abou Halka area (at the southern entrance of Tripoli) refuges dating to the early (30,000 years old) and middle

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The helicopter landing apron (left) and the gateway arch to the open-air theatre at the Rashid Karami International Fair

1488: 4384: 1804: 1447: 1339:. The population size of Mamluk Tripoli is estimated at 20,000–40,000; against 100,000 in each of Damascus and Aleppo. 492:, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation. 4844: 4742: 4719: 1685:

estimated that 58% of Tripoli's Lebanese residents lived in poverty. That already high figure preceded Lebanon's 2019

4741:. Istanbul: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from 4591: 4112: 3748: 3145: 3119: 1563: 765: 747: 4762: 3127: 1044:(644–655), the governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, settled Jews in Tripoli, fostering amicable relations with the majority 971:. In addition, Tripoli retained the same configuration of three distinct and administratively independent quarters ( 5990: 2733: 2704: 1840: 1803:

constitute today less than 5 percent of the population of the city. The Christian population in the city comprises

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rule from 1516 to 1918, it retained its prosperity and commercial importance. Tripoli and all of Lebanon was under

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During that time, Tripoli witnessed the growth of the inland settlement surrounding the "Pilgrim's Mountain" (the

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Many churches in Tripoli are a reminder of the history of the city. These churches also show the diversity of

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and the old port part of the city was destroyed. A new inland city was then built near the old castle. During

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Tripoli the Old City: Monument Survey – Mosques and Madrasas; A Sourcebook of Maps and Architectural Drawings

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Office and the Tripoli MPs Joint Office with the comprehensive study conducted by Samir Chreim of SCAS Inc.

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Tripoli gained in importance as a trading centre for the whole Mediterranean after it was inhabited by the

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Tripoli has not been extensively excavated because the ancient site lies buried beneath the modern city of

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The mid-twelfth century earthquake led to the death of many Jews in Tripoli, as noted by Jewish explorer

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An-Nouri, built 1333 by the Mamluk governor Nur El-Din, is located in the vicinity of the Grand Mosque.

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During the Mamluk period, Tripoli became a central city and provincial capital of the six kingdoms in

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rule, Tripoli was used as a naval shipyard and the city enjoyed a period of autonomy. It came under

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The Jewish community of Tripoli traces its roots back to the seventh century, as recounted by the

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and the second-largest city in the country. Situated 81 km (50 mi) north of the capital

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Mosques evenly spread with major concentration of madrasas around the Mansouri Great Mosque. All

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Luz, Nimrod (2002). "Tripoli Reinvented: A Case of Mamluk Urbanization". In Lev, Yaacov (ed.).

3297: 2953: 2423: 1792: 1593:, from 1975 to 1990, hit Tripoli hard. On 15 September 1985 intense fighting broke out between 1284: 833:

rule, Tripoli became a commercial and shipbuilding center. It achieved semi-independence under

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The history of Tripoli dates back at least to the 14th century BCE. It was called Athar by the

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The Clock Tower underwent a renovation in 1992, and now the clock tower is again operational.

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until the French cut off their support, resulting in a massive 33 day general strike in 1936.

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recurrent sectarian clashes, high unemployment, economic disparities, and the infiltration of

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invasion in the 1070s, Tripoli served as a refuge for Jews from Palestine, as documented in

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are mentioned (14th century BCE). In an engraving concerning the invasion of Tripoli by the

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which can be seen today, with its massive Ottoman gateway, over which is an engraving from

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in 19th century and retained her status until 1918 when it was captured by British forces.

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Université de Technologie et de Sciences Appliquées Libano-Française (chamber of commerce)

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were located in the northern part of the city for easy accessibility from roads to Syria.

433: 408: 335: 8: 5238: 4510: 3767:(13–132 H/ 634–750 CE): Silsilat Dirasat fi Tarih AlSahel AlShami, Tripoli, 1990. Arabic. 3287: 2910: 2897: 2855: 2764: 2729: 2550: 1681:

In the years since, living conditions in Tripoli have continued to decline. In 2016, the

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Decorations in Mamluk buildings concentrated on the most conspicuous areas of buildings:

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The city of Tripoli is also given the title of "City of Knowledge and Scholars" (Arabic:

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representation of the nickname of Tripoli: "Tripoli, The City of Knowledge and Scholars"

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Mahamid, Hatim (2009). "Mosques as higher educational institutions in Mamluk Syria".

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world heritage site). The state ceased to exist in 1289, when it was captured by the

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rule, the city became the center of a confederation of the Phoenician city-states of

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and Syrian artillery positions in the surrounding hills. On 1 October, following an

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Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Tripoli, Lebanon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).

3394: 3302: 3224: 2860: 1855: 1823: 1443: 1168: 1157: 1129: 959: 589: 509: 4340: 3398: 1217:(late 13th century). The arches and courtyard date from the Mamluk period but the 5287: 5197: 5162: 4723: 4437: 4283: 3383:"Salafism in Lebanon: the significance of Fathi Yakan and Al-Jamaʿa Al-Islamiyya" 3019: 2825: 2523: 2512: 1573: 1497: 1332: 906: 543:) apart from each other, and the combined city became known as 'Triple City', or 513: 485: 461: 321: 6219: 5940: 5622: 5558: 5508: 5472: 5418: 5228: 5090: 4686: 4188: 4167: 3928: 3292: 3212: 2716: 2573: 2542: 1644: 1512: 1505: 1501: 1475: 1365: 1320: 1209: 1133: 1097: 854: 842: 799: 791: 650: 644: 620: 565: 554: 533: 477: 429: 425: 24: 5028: 3797:

The Counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the Twelfth Century: Sons of Saint-Gilles

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expand new industries such as ICT offshoring and new technological invention.

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population in neighborhoods such as Bab al-Tabbaneh, right next to the small

1056:(996–1021), the synagogue faced conversion into a mosque. Notably, during the 6329: 5885: 5648: 5379: 5359: 5218: 5193: 4626:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 291–292. 4617: 4205: 3965: 3697:

The Mamluk City in the Middle East: History, Culture, and the Urban Landscape

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who are accused of accumulating their wealth by embezzling government funds.

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Notre Dame University (Barsa, in the Koura district, just outside the city)

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Tripoli stands as one of Lebanon's less stable cities, marked by recurrent

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was commonly used to make the transition from square rooms to round domes.

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The Syrian army remained in the city for almost three decades until 2005:

1617: 1171:. The state was a major base of operations for the military order of the 1045: 807: 787: 388: 5609: 5477: 3913:"Tripoli City in the East Mediterranean in the Fight of Mamluk-Crusader" 3777:

Schulze, Kirsten (October 2010). "Sidon". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).

3615:"طرابلس الفيحاء مدينة العلم والعلماء والآثار... تمتاز بقلعتها وحلوياتها" 2962:

Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon-North Lebanon Branch

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Lebanese International University (Dahr el Ein, Just outside the city)

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because of their status as a haven for endangered loggerhead turtles (

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Sunni City: Tripoli from Islamist Utopia to the Lebanese 'Revolution'

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Universite Saint Espirt de Kaslik – Chekka ( Just Outside The City )

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In 2023, the Rashid Karami International Fair was added to both the

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The opposite of Palms Island, which is a large flat sandy beach, is

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period, Tripoli became the provincial capital and chief town of the

305: 6150: 6114: 5930: 5733: 5672: 5668: 5568: 5528: 5493: 5441: 5424: 5242: 5233: 5013: 4983: 4974: 4924: 4706: 4362: 4192: 4171: 3207: 3046: 2487: 1796: 1640: 1637: 1262: 1018: 996: 972: 910: 890: 5698: 5678: 5024: 4232:"Portrait of poverty in Lebanon as UN visits poorest place on Med" 932: 743:

with the newly created history article, this should be simplified.

472:. Tripoli also holds a string of four small islands offshore, the 6313: 6263: 6243: 6233: 6209: 6203: 6144: 6137: 6098: 6058: 6044: 6038: 5934: 5925: 5910: 5900: 5860: 5835: 5789: 5727: 5723: 5583: 5563: 5537: 5523: 5517: 5369: 5349: 5339: 5334: 5298: 5293: 5248: 5212: 5208: 5147: 5079: 5034: 4979: 4943: 4939: 4918: 4914: 4056:

Review of the Development and Change of Tripoli Bazaar in Lebanon

3998: 3838: 3356:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad; Najem, Tom (2021).

3282: 3272: 3186: 2665: 1667:

ushered into Lebanon, with an overwhelming focus on the capital.

1606: 1459: 1404: 1391: 1384: 1324: 1315: 1280: 1267: 1239: 1218: 1191: 1121: 1109: 1089: 1007: 980: 964: 922: 878: 834: 830: 585: 489: 361: 246: 176: 4162:

Middle East International No 259, 27 September 1985, Publishers

2438: 1546:

Public works in Ottoman Tripoli included the restoration of the

6303: 6293: 6199: 6124: 6088: 6078: 6064: 6054: 5961: 5915: 5905: 5889: 5854: 5819: 5804: 5799: 5713: 5631: 5617: 5578: 5533: 5467: 5354: 5343: 5314: 5137: 5116: 5075: 5054: 5038: 5019: 4999: 4959: 4685:* For further readings about the Fairground of Oscar Niemeyer: 3267: 3243: 3219: 3194: 3181: 3173: 2808: 2720:

75.6 ha (187-acre) area near Tripoli's southern entrance.

2453: 1822:, notably the Sunni and Alawite populations. The impact of the 1493: 1395: 1380: 1308: 1288: 1272: 1258: 1243: 1187: 1180: 1137: 1125: 1105: 1041: 1004: 822:

city of Tripoli along with other Mediterranean coastal cities.

517: 396: 345: 330: 16:

This article is about the city in Lebanon. For other uses, see

4183:

Middle East International No 260, 11 October 1985, Publishers

3765:

Lubnan min al-fath al-islami hatta sukut al-dawla al-'umawiyya

2795:

Our Lady oof the Annunciation Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral

2792:

St. John of the Pilgrims Mount church Maronite Catholic Church

572:, possibly a Semitic cognate of the city's modern Arabic name 294: 6289: 6273: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6223: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6157: 6118: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6084: 6034: 6028: 6024: 5919: 5895: 5784: 5779: 5692: 5662: 5658: 5451: 5374: 5319: 5283: 5268: 5253: 5222: 5171: 5157: 5121: 4949: 4928: 4711: 4698: 4410:"Three sites 'in danger' added to UNESCO World Heritage List" 3743:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 49. 3168: 1788: 1636:

As a majority Sunni city with a growing strain of indigenous

1598: 1375: 1292: 1184: 1113: 992: 976: 803: 795: 778: 548: 529: 525: 469: 464:

in Lebanon. The city has the second highest concentration of

4729:

Tripoli fortress and Panorama of the city at 360 on May 2012

3729:, Beirut: American University of Beirut Publications, 1995. 2623: 1048:. However, during the persecution of dhimmis by the Shi'ite 6239: 6213: 6176: 6131: 5543: 5457: 5383: 5364: 5324: 5111: 3381:

Battat, Zach; Cohen, Ronen A.; Naor, Dan (2 January 2024).

2561: 1625: 1621: 1601:

militia which controlled the harbour and was backed by the

1528: 1524: 1276: 1014: 886: 632: 560:

Tripoli had a number of different names as far back as the

1450:

on the site. In addition, there were two quarter mosques (

5414: 4414: 3554:

by Peter Roop, Sam Schultz, Margaret J. Goldstein. p. 17.

3355: 861:

from 1920 until 1943 when Lebanon achieved independence.

4663:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture

4062:. Bursa Uludağ University (Master's thesis). p. 81. 3481: 4638:

C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Tripoli, in Lebanon".

1799:

that is concentrated in the Jabal Mohsen neighborhood.

999:; the second military port of the Arab Navy, following 986: 837:

rule, when it developed into a center of learning. The

3870:

Towns and material culture in the medieval Middle East

3054: 2956:(Qelhat, in the Koura district, just outside the city) 2464:. This island is largely made up of cliffs and rocks. 1689:, which has ratcheted up poverty and food insecurity. 6386:

Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller

3423:

Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).

1854:

Climate data for Tripoli, Lebanon (elevation: 6m, at

1647:

was engaged in the brutal suppression of Syria’s own

1462:, many secular buildings, five Khans, three hammams ( 4653:

Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture

3422: 2924:

The universities in Tripoli and its metro area are:

1519:, encompassing the coastal territory from Byblos to 698: 3983:

Tarikh Tarablus al-siyasi wa'-hadari Aabr al-'usour

3977: 3975: 3642:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء والإنتفاضات والثورات" 3563: 3067:Tripoli is regionally known for its Arabic sweets. 2490:

view of modern Tripoli with its distinctive skyline

905:. A sounding made in the Crusader castle uncovered 364:in Lebanon. The city is predominantly inhabited by 4637: 4533: 4268: 3721: 3719: 3717: 897:, different types of columns, wheels, bows, and a 6371:Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon 4385:"International Fair of Tripoli by Oscar Niemeyer" 3536:History of Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine 3512:Les peuples et les civilisations du Proche Orient 2580:in Israel and many others throughout the Empire. 1221:is believed to be an earlier Christian structure. 6327: 3972: 1394:, portals, windows, on the outside, and mihrab, 666:), which is a term derived from the Arabic verb 3714: 3454: 3380: 790:established a trading station and later, under 6341:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Lebanon 4107:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–37. 3738: 2933:The Lebanese University – North Lebanon Branch 1092:period, the city became the chief town of the 5998: 4860: 4778: 4590: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3087: 2965:Beirut Arab University – North Lebanon Branch 2541:Later the citadel was rebuilt in part by the 2511:is also known as the Castle of Saint-Gilles ( 1730: 951:timber trade (like other Phoenician cities). 2786:St. Georges Melkite Greek Catholic Cathedral 671: 661: 340:) is the largest and most important city in 42: 6012: 3126:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 869:Many historians reject the presence of any 782:Overview of historical districts in Tripoli 444: 419: 6005: 5991: 4867: 4853: 4785: 4771: 4660:Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). 4659: 4301:"Klimatafel von Tripoli el-Mina / Libanon" 3895: 3441: 3082: 2789:Saint Hokekalousd Armenian Orthodox Church 2739: 1327:'s army during the liberation of Tripoli, 893:, part of the ancient southern port quay, 6356:Populated places in the North Governorate 3955: 3824:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 3780:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 3482:John Murray (Firm); Porter, J.L. (1868). 3146:Learn how and when to remove this message 2624:Oscar Niemeyer's Rachid Karame Fairground 1683:United Nation's Human Settlements Program 766:Learn how and when to remove this message 407:, Tripoli has been historically known as 4566:"Tripoli-Lebanon.com Tourism-Khans Page" 4256:Parreira, Christiana (23 October 2019). 4255: 3725:Saliba, R., Jeblawi, S., and Ajami, G., 3045: 3029: 2807: 2759:in Lebanon and particularly in Tripoli: 2590: 2560: 2437: 1820:sectarian tensions among its communities 1669: 1487: 1479: 1403:lintels or voussoirs, inscriptions, and 1364: 1224: 1208: 1077: 931: 777: 678: 399:settlers, whence the modern Arabic name 304: 4749: 4606: 4531: 4382: 4052: 4025: 3820: 3776: 3592:"President's Message – City University" 3564:Ghazi Omar Tadmouri (30 October 2009). 3070: 1612:’s militia. The ADP were backed by the 619:was used to refer to Tripoli. When the 6328: 3566:"Names of Tripoli through the history" 3418: 3416: 1583: 1572:, the French created the territory of 1265:. The kingdom was subdivided into six 700:Ṭarābulus madīnat al-ʿilm wa-l-ʿulamāʾ 428:Tripoli'), to distinguish it from 5986: 4848: 4766: 4546:from the original on 10 December 2022 4136: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4021: 4019: 3942:Demir, Beyza Topuz (1 January 2020). 3941: 3910: 3891: 3889: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3793: 3612: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 2496: 576:, was mentioned, and in other places 228:27.39 km (10.58 sq mi) 4640:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 4102: 3814: 3794:Lewis, Kevin James (21 April 2017). 3666: 3124:adding citations to reliable sources 3091: 2936:Universite St Joseph – North Lebanon 987:Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid periods 716: 6361:Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon 6351:Populated coastal places in Lebanon 4293: 4229: 4206:"Tripoli City Profile | UN-Habitat" 3867: 3770: 3693: 3413: 3077:Oil pollution from ships in Tripoli 3055:Khan el-Khayyatin–the Tailors' Khan 2516: 2448:Tripoli has many offshore islands. 2433: 691: 672: 662: 623:settled in the city they called it 439: 414: 325: 43: 13: 6366:Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon 4739:Islamic Cultural Heritage Database 4585:Published in the 19th–20th century 4579: 4383:McManus, Manus (3 November 2016). 4121: 4091: 4046: 4016: 3886: 3856: 3639: 3524:Wanderings −2: History of the Jews 3340: 1725: 1067: 32:City in North Governorate, Lebanon 14: 6407: 4692: 4532:Cornish, Chloe (5 October 2020). 4074:"Qantara – Madrasa al-Qartâwîyya" 3455:Gary C. Gambill (December 2004). 1564:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 1557: 1469: 1175:, who occupied the famous castle 1120:. Tripoli was also the seat of a 864: 452:Landmarks of Tripoli include the 4875: 4793: 4655:. Oxford University Press. 2009. 3667:Abdo, Ibrahim (23 August 2022). 3425:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 3358:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon 3242: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3193: 3180: 3167: 3096: 3062: 3034:The Soap Khan of Tripoli Lebanon 3025: 2820:Some of the more known mosques: 2798:Then National Evangelical Church 2783:St Francis Roman Catholic Church 2734:List of World Heritage in Danger 2648: 2474: 1841:hot-summer Mediterranean climate 1811:and Greek Catholics, along with 1500:(1270–1300), and Tripoli silver 1204: 827:conquered by an Arab Muslim army 721: 656:Once, Tripoli was also known as 500:groups in poorer neighborhoods. 449:'Tripoli of the West'). 356:. Tripoli overlooks the eastern 169: 108: 101: 61: 5509:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir) 4558: 4525: 4495: 4473: 4448: 4430: 4402: 4376: 4363:"International Fair of Tripoli" 4355: 4325: 4249: 4223: 4198: 4177: 4156: 4137:Simon, Alex (30 January 2017). 4103:Gade, Tina (24 November 2022). 4066: 3991: 3935: 3904: 3831: 3787: 3757: 3739:William Harris (19 July 2012). 3732: 3687: 3669:"طرابلس، مدينة العلم والعلماء!" 3660: 3633: 3606: 3584: 3557: 3545: 3088:Twin towns – Sister cities 2467: 2450:The Palm Islands Nature Reserve 1711: 1570:partition of the Ottoman Empire 1523:and the inland Syrian towns of 1271:or provinces and extended from 995:. Tripoli was the port city of 508:According to classical writers 109: 6381:Tourist attractions in Lebanon 4881:Phoenician cities and colonies 3700:. Cambridge University Press. 3568:. Tripoli City. Archived from 3529: 3517: 3505: 3374: 3315: 2945:(changed to "City University") 2943:Al-Manar University of Tripoli 2773:St. Elie Greek Orthodox Church 2595:Hammam an-Nuri Tripoli Lebanon 2556: 651:Libyan city with the same name 488:. Tripoli borders the city of 368:, with smaller populations of 91:City of Knowledge and Scholars 1: 4632:Published in the 21st century 4487:. 5 July 2018. Archived from 4460:Tripoli Special Economic Zone 3694:Luz, Nimrod (28 April 2014). 3399:10.1080/00263206.2023.2172405 3309: 3008: 2929:University of Tripoli Lebanon 2769:Maronite Catholic Archeparchy 1531:; the two other eyalets were 1257:. Tripoli ranked third after 649:, to distinguish it from the 537: 532:. These colonies were each a 360:, and it is the northernmost 4312:German Meteorological Office 4290:. Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2008 4276:Return of the Pink Panthers? 3741:Lebanon: A History, 600–2011 3457:"Islamist Groups in Lebanon" 2916: 2913:is located within the city. 1829: 1335:families, and a minority of 592:(888–859 BCE), it is called 7: 4699:Official website of Tripoli 4666:. Oxford University Press. 4503:"Robert Fadel – روبير فاضل" 3999:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir" 3948:İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 3839:"Jami' al-Mansuri al-Kabir" 3255: 2987: 2750: 2632:Rachid Karami International 2443:Palm Islands Nature Reserve 2327:Average precipitation days 2117:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1977:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1659:and the abandonment of the 1329:Eastern Orthodox Christians 1229:Downtown historical Tripoli 1112:and including the plain of 741:. The specific problem is: 713:History of Tripoli, Lebanon 699: 692:طرابلس مدينة العلم والعلماء 434: 409: 348:, it is the capital of the 336: 10: 6412: 5861:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte) 4258:"The art of not governing" 4236:Thomson Reuters Foundation 4028:Journal of Islamic Studies 3929:10.26650/iuturkiyat.793525 3463:. Vol. 11, no. 4 2978: 2852:Omar Ibn El-Khattab Mosque 2803: 2743: 2641:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2628:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2586: 2500: 2421: 1853: 1834: 1797:Lebanese-Alawite community 1561: 1473: 1071: 1036:. During the caliphate of 849:. In 1289, it fell to the 818:and tsunami destroyed the 710: 706: 549: 22: 15: 6020: 5949: 5828: 5772: 5641: 5614:Portus Magonis (Portimão) 5602: 5486: 5433: 5397: 5307: 5186: 5178:Strato's Tower (Caesarea) 5130: 5099: 5063: 4887: 4821: 4809: 3872:. Brill. pp. 53–71. 3827:. Brill Reference Online. 3783:. Brill Reference Online. 2703: 2691: 2681: 2671: 2659: 2647: 2638: 2373: 2326: 2256: 2186: 2116: 2046: 1976: 1906: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1805:Greek Orthodox Christians 1780: 1743:— 289: 279: 265: 255: 245: 237: 232: 224: 219: 211: 206: 194: 182: 162: 127: 96: 88: 67:Clockwise from top left: 60: 51: 37: 5360:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak) 3800:. Taylor & Francis. 2547:Süleyman the Magnificent 1287:north. It also included 1235:Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun 1233:Tripoli was captured by 814:rule around 64 BCE. The 503: 476:, which were declared a 23:Not to be confused with 18:Tripoli (disambiguation) 6014:Arab Capital of Culture 4623:Encyclopædia Britannica 4613:"Tripoli (Syria)" 4570:www.tripoli-lebanon.com 4438:"Projects :: BIAT" 4053:Mohamad, Danah (2020). 3613:admin (14 March 2015). 3526:by Chaim Potok. p. 169. 3514:by Jawād Būlus. p. 308. 3083:International relations 2844:Mahmoud Beik the Sanjak 2746:Tripoli railway station 2740:Tripoli Railway Station 2565:The Al-Tell Clock Tower 2532:Raymond de Saint-Gilles 1787:Tripoli has a majority 1676:Tripoli railway station 1661:Tripoli railway station 1102:Raymond of Saint-Gilles 484:), rare monk seals and 460:, which is the largest 3896:Bloom & Blair 2009 3387:Middle Eastern Studies 3298:Raymond IV of Toulouse 3051: 3035: 2954:University of Balamand 2813: 2780:Syriac Orthodox Church 2726: 2596: 2566: 2527: 2445: 2424:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1678: 1657:Lebanon's rail network 1653: 1508: 1485: 1370: 1285:al Alawiyyin mountains 1230: 1222: 1085: 937: 783: 687: 430:its Libyan counterpart 314: 5204:Cape Melqart (Cefalù) 4608:Hogarth, David George 3911:Altan, Çetin (2021). 3323:"طَرَابُلُس: Lebanon" 3263:2019 Tripoli shooting 3049: 3033: 2848:Mansouri Great Mosque 2811: 2722: 2594: 2564: 2441: 1717:Historical population 1673: 1634: 1610:Arab Democratic Party 1491: 1483: 1368: 1228: 1215:Mansouri Great Mosque 1212: 1081: 935: 816:551 Beirut earthquake 781: 682: 454:Mansouri Great Mosque 308: 267: • Summer ( 147:34.43667°N 35.83444°E 73:Mansouri Great Mosque 6396:Ottoman clock towers 6049:United Arab Emirates 5881:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga) 5719:Carthage (Cartagena) 5107:Callista (Santorini) 5045:Tipasa in Mauretania 5005:Rusippisir (Taksebt) 4600:The Modern Traveller 3957:10.26570/isad.650332 3917:Journal of Turkology 3120:improve this section 3071:Environmental issues 2830:Abou Bakr Al Siddeeq 2528:Château Saint-Gilles 1907:Record high °C (°F) 1578:Syrian National Bloc 1279:mountains south, to 901:from the end of the 748:improve this section 737:to meet Knowledge's 6346:Phoenician colonies 5618:Olissipona (Lisbon) 4758:on 24 October 2012. 4717:Tripoli-Lebanon.com 4712:tripoli-lebanon.org 4513:on 17 November 2015 4507:www.robertfadel.com 4343:on 12 November 2020 4337:Tripoli-Lebanon.com 4078:www.qantara-med.org 3552:Lebanon in Pictures 3288:Krak des Chevaliers 2911:Al-Ghuraba cemetery 2898:Al-Uwaysiyat Mosque 2891:Zafer Bellah Mosque 2730:World Heritage List 2635: 2551:Mustafa Agha Barbar 2530:), in reference to 2187:Record low °C (°F) 2047:Daily mean °C (°F) 1718: 1674:Rusted cars at the 1591:Lebanon's civil war 1584:Independent Lebanon 1301:Krak des Chevaliers 1177:Krak Des Chevaliers 1173:Knights Hospitaller 1118:Krak des Chevaliers 684:Arabic calligraphic 466:Mamluk architecture 143: / 77:Mamluk architecture 6376:Tourism in Lebanon 6284:State of Palestine 6171:State of Palestine 5790:Balanaea (Baniyas) 5020:Rusuccuru (Dellys) 4822:Towns and villages 4722:2009-09-13 at the 4707:Tripoli on Twitter 4602:, London: J.Duncan 4282:2012-02-19 at the 4040:10.1093/jis/etp002 3981:Tadmouri, O. AS., 3763:Tadmouri, O. AS., 3540:Philip Khuri Hitti 3327:Geographical Names 3052: 3036: 2885:Al Ghandour Mosque 2814: 2631: 2597: 2567: 2509:Citadel of Tripoli 2503:Citadel of Tripoli 2497:Citadel of Tripoli 2446: 1716: 1679: 1649:Muslim Brotherhood 1548:Citadel of Tripoli 1509: 1486: 1371: 1246:(bathhouses), and 1231: 1223: 1199:Benjamin of Tudela 1165:Citadel of Tripoli 1086: 1083:Citadel of Tripoli 938: 903:Hellenistic period 784: 688: 458:Citadel of Tripoli 435:Ṭarābulus al-Gharb 410:Ṭarābulus ash-Shām 315: 238: • Total 225: • Total 215:Ahmed Qamar Al-Din 212: • Mayor 152:34.43667; 35.83444 89:Nickname(s): 79:, bay view, and a 69:Citadel of Tripoli 6391:Phoenician cities 6323: 6322: 5980: 5979: 5610:Portus Hannibalis 5499:Arambys (Mogador) 5384:Ushu (Palaetyrus) 5365:Porphyreon (Jieh) 5234:Kapara (Soluntum) 5050:Tipasa in Numidia 5000:Rusicade (Skikda) 4842: 4841: 4803:North Governorate 4745:on 15 April 2013. 4673:978-0-19-530991-1 4644:Koninklijke Brill 4418:. 25 January 2023 4333:"Hammam Al-Nouri" 4189:Dennis Walters MP 4168:Dennis Walters MP 3985:, Tripoli, 1984. 3807:978-1-317-05260-9 3707:978-1-107-04884-3 3572:on 8 October 2014 3434:978-1-5381-2043-9 3367:978-1-5381-2043-9 3278:County of Tripoli 3156: 3155: 3148: 3050:The Tailors’ Khan 3040:Yusuf Sayfa Pasha 2837:Al-Burtasi Mosque 2767:Cathedral of the 2713: 2712: 2578:Jaffa Clock Tower 2430: 2429: 2376:relative humidity 1785: 1784: 1595:Tawheed al-Islami 1541:Vilayet of Beirut 1517:Eyalet of Tripoli 1442:Mosques). Sultan 1134:Western Europeans 1104:) extending from 1094:County of Tripoli 1074:County of Tripoli 913:, in addition to 847:County of Tripoli 776: 775: 768: 739:quality standards 730:This section may 697: 448: 423: 358:Mediterranean Sea 350:North Governorate 303: 302: 189:North Governorate 6403: 6336:Tripoli, Lebanon 6007: 6000: 5993: 5984: 5983: 5749:Tagilit (Tíjola) 5524:Shalat (Chellah) 5494:Azama (Azemmour) 4879: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4846: 4845: 4799:Tripoli District 4797: 4787: 4780: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4746: 4703: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4656: 4647: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4574: 4573: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4509:. Archived from 4499: 4493: 4492: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4339:. Archived from 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4305: 4297: 4291: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4202: 4196: 4181: 4175: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4119: 4118: 4100: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3969: 3959: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3908: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3865: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3712: 3711: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3496: 3494: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3353: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3319: 3303:Siege of Tripoli 3247: 3246: 3235: 3234: 3225:Toulouse, France 3223: 3222: 3211: 3210: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3184: 3172: 3171: 3151: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3100: 3092: 2949:Jinan University 2894:Al Wafaa’ Mosque 2873:Al Bachir Mosque 2856:Sidi Abdel Wahed 2677:Cultural: ii, iv 2652: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2536:Essendemir Kurgi 2518: 2478: 2434:Offshore islands 2330: 1851: 1850: 1824:Syrian civil war 1732: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1687:financial crisis 1448:Crusader citadel 1444:al-Ashraf Khalil 1323:who accompanied 1169:Carmelite Church 1116:with the famous 936:Ruins in Tripoli 929:were uncovered. 771: 764: 760: 757: 751: 725: 724: 717: 702: 696:romanized: 695: 693: 675: 674: 665: 664: 641:Ṭarābulus al-Šām 590:Ashurnasirpal II 552: 551: 542: 539: 510:Diodorus Siculus 498:radical Islamist 446: 443: 441: 437: 421: 418: 416: 412: 403:derives. In the 354:Tripoli District 342:northern Lebanon 339: 334: 327: 299: 296: 272: 201:Tripoli District 175: 173: 172: 158: 157: 155: 154: 153: 148: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 112: 111: 105: 65: 46: 45: 35: 34: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6016: 6011: 5981: 5976: 5945: 5836:Aspis (Kelibia) 5824: 5768: 5637: 5623:Ossonoba (Faro) 5598: 5482: 5429: 5393: 5330:Athar (Tripoli) 5303: 5182: 5126: 5095: 5059: 4935:Iol (Cherchell) 4883: 4873: 4843: 4838: 4817: 4805: 4791: 4733: 4724:Wayback Machine 4701: 4695: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4650: 4582: 4580:Further reading 4577: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4540:Financial Times 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4491:on 4 July 2018. 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4288:Mideast Monitor 4284:Wayback Machine 4274:Riad Yazbeck. " 4273: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4230:Gebeily, Maya. 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4182: 4178: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4135: 4122: 4115: 4101: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4024: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3973: 3950:(43): 198–203. 3940: 3936: 3909: 3905: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3866: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3775: 3771: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3708: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3640:اللواء, جريدة. 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3492: 3490: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3453: 3442: 3435: 3421: 3414: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3354: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3258: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3192: 3179: 3166: 3152: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3117: 3101: 3090: 3085: 3073: 3065: 3057: 3028: 3020:Mohammad Safadi 3011: 2990: 2981: 2919: 2907: 2903:Mu'allaq Mosque 2888:Al Shokr Mosque 2882:Al Salam Mosque 2879:Al Rahma Mosque 2826:Al-Attar Mosque 2806: 2801: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2655: 2640: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2589: 2559: 2505: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2479: 2470: 2436: 2431: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1837: 1832: 1714: 1586: 1574:Greater Lebanon 1566: 1560: 1484:Tripoli in 1690 1478: 1472: 1291:, the plain of 1207: 1076: 1070: 1068:Crusader period 1032:-era historian 989: 907:Late Bronze Age 867: 829:in 635. During 772: 761: 755: 752: 745: 726: 722: 715: 709: 540: 514:Pliny the Elder 506: 486:migratory birds 482:Caretta caretta 462:crusader castle 329: 295:tripoli-lebanon 293: 266: 170: 168: 151: 149: 145: 142: 137: 134: 132: 130: 129: 123: 122: 121: 120: 119: 118: 117: 113: 92: 84: 81:Syriac Catholic 56: 47: 40: 33: 28: 21: 12: 11: 5: 6409: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6307: 6297: 6287: 6277: 6267: 6257: 6247: 6237: 6227: 6217: 6207: 6197: 6187: 6174: 6161: 6148: 6135: 6122: 6112: 6102: 6092: 6082: 6072: 6062: 6052: 6042: 6032: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5928: 5923: 5913: 5908: 5906:Sicca (El Kef) 5903: 5898: 5893: 5883: 5878: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5751: 5746: 5736: 5731: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5666: 5656: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5541: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5473:Ras il-Wardija 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5445: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5412: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5355:Gebal (Byblos) 5352: 5350:Botrys (Teros) 5347: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5229:Heraclea Minoa 5226: 5216: 5206: 5201: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5032: 5022: 5017: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4987: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4960:Kissi (Djinet) 4957: 4947: 4937: 4932: 4922: 4912: 4907: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4790: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4747: 4731: 4726: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4694: 4693:External links 4691: 4690: 4689: 4672: 4657: 4648: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4618:Chisholm, Hugh 4604: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4557: 4524: 4494: 4472: 4447: 4442:biatcenter.org 4429: 4401: 4375: 4354: 4324: 4292: 4267: 4248: 4222: 4197: 4176: 4155: 4143:synaps.network 4120: 4113: 4090: 4065: 4045: 4034:(2): 188–212. 4015: 3990: 3971: 3934: 3923:(1): 185–197. 3903: 3885: 3878: 3855: 3830: 3813: 3806: 3786: 3769: 3756: 3749: 3731: 3713: 3706: 3686: 3659: 3632: 3605: 3583: 3556: 3544: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3474: 3440: 3433: 3412: 3393:(1): 126–138. 3373: 3366: 3339: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293:Market (place) 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3213:Faro, Portugal 3203: 3190: 3177: 3154: 3153: 3104: 3102: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3072: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3027: 3024: 3010: 3007: 2989: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2974:Azm university 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2918: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2774: 2771: 2761: 2752: 2749: 2744:Main article: 2741: 2738: 2717:Oscar Niemeyer 2711: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2645: 2644: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2588: 2585: 2574:Abdul Hamid II 2571:Ottoman Sultan 2558: 2555: 2543:Ottoman Empire 2520:Qalʻat Sān Jīl 2501:Main article: 2498: 2495: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1849: 1839:Tripoli has a 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1713: 1710: 1645:Hafez al-Assad 1585: 1582: 1562:Main article: 1559: 1558:French Mandate 1556: 1506:British Museum 1476:Tripoli Eyalet 1474:Main article: 1471: 1470:Ottoman period 1468: 1321:North Africans 1206: 1203: 1098:Crusader state 1072:Main article: 1069: 1066: 988: 985: 895:grinding mills 866: 865:Ancient period 863: 859:French mandate 806:Island. Under 774: 773: 729: 727: 720: 711:Main article: 708: 705: 643:(referring to 621:Ancient Greeks 566:Amarna letters 505: 502: 478:protected area 384:among others. 301: 300: 291: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 273: 263: 262: 259: 253: 252: 249: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 204: 203: 198: 192: 191: 186: 180: 179: 166: 160: 159: 125: 124: 115: 114: 107: 106: 100: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 66: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 41: 38: 31: 25:Tripoli, Libya 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6408: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6090: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785:Marat (Amrit) 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5679:Gadir (Cadiz) 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5504:Caricus Murus 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5458:Gaulos (Gozo) 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5299:Ṣiṣ (Palermo) 5297: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5199: 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156: 128:Coordinates: 126: 104: 95: 87: 82: 78: 74: 70: 64: 59: 55: 50: 36: 30: 26: 19: 6309: 6069:Saudi Arabia 5589:Thymiaterium 5463:Għajn Qajjet 5329: 5288:Sant'Antioco 4910:Hippo Regius 4814: 4756:the original 4743:the original 4738: 4677:. 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Retrieved 3326: 3317: 3157: 3142: 3133: 3118:Please help 3106: 3074: 3066: 3058: 3037: 3012: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2923: 2920: 2908: 2876:Hamza Mosque 2833:Arghoun Shah 2819: 2815: 2754: 2727: 2723: 2714: 2709:2022–present 2634:Fair-Tripoli 2602: 2598: 2582: 2568: 2540: 2519: 2517:قلعة سان جيل 2506: 2468:Architecture 2459: 2447: 2261:mm (inches) 1844: 1838: 1817: 1793:Sunni Muslim 1786: 1712:Demographics 1698:Najib Mikati 1691: 1680: 1665:Rafic Hariri 1654: 1635: 1631: 1587: 1567: 1545: 1510: 1456:Arghoun Shah 1452:Abd al-Wahed 1432:al-Uwaysiyat 1420: 1409: 1389: 1372: 1369:East Tripoli 1356: 1352: 1344:Great Mosque 1341: 1313: 1305: 1296: 1266: 1255:Mamluk Syria 1252: 1232: 1196: 1162: 1087: 1062:Cairo Geniza 1034:al-Baladhuri 1027: 1023:Jund Dimashq 990: 953: 942: 939: 876: 868: 825:Tripoli was 824: 785: 762: 756:October 2022 753: 746:Please help 742: 731: 689: 667: 657: 655: 646:bilād al-Šām 645: 640: 636: 628: 624: 616: 610: 605: 601: 597: 593: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564:age. In the 559: 544: 541: 180 m 507: 494: 481: 474:Palm Islands 451: 415:طرابلس الشام 400: 392: 391:, and later 386: 376:, including 317: 316: 311:Nahr Abu Ali 29: 6300:Kuwait City 6230:Constantine 6075:Kuwait City 5841:Bulla Regia 5389:Umm al-Amad 5274:Pantelleria 5143:Akka (Acre) 5029:Aïn Oulmene 5010:Rusubbicari 4994:Tamentfoust 4954:Constantine 4829:Al-Qalamoun 4702:(in Arabic) 4687:ZAATAR, JOE 4651:"Tripoli". 4596:"(Tripoli)" 4550:22 November 4394:26 November 4389:e-architect 4241:22 November 4215:22 November 4185:Lord Mayhew 4164:Lord Mayhew 4148:16 November 3987:(in Arabic) 3900:Tripoli (i) 3679:20 November 3675:(in Arabic) 3652:20 November 3648:(in Arabic) 3625:20 November 3621:(in Arabic) 3598:20 November 3576:14 November 3332:13 December 3158:Tripoli is 3016:Taha Mikati 3003:Saad Hariri 2695:2022 (45th 2692:Inscription 2557:Clock Tower 1706:Ashraf Rifi 1694:Saad Hariri 1618:Syrian army 1511:During the 1100:founded by 1088:During the 954:During the 843:Dar al-'Ilm 808:Hellenistic 788:Phoenicians 750:if you can. 615:, the name 613:Phoenicians 432:, known as 389:Phoenicians 309:The walled 184:Governorate 150: / 6330:Categories 6270:Port Sudan 5851:Hadrumetum 5669:Akra Leuka 5548:Casablanca 5380:Sur (Tyre) 4642:. Leiden: 4517:16 October 4485:Xinhua Net 4456:"About us" 4347:29 January 3879:9004125434 3673:SQM Market 3310:References 3237:Miami, USA 3009:Inequality 2757:Christians 2705:Endangered 2610:Izz El-Din 2329:(≥ 0.1 mm) 1801:Christians 1605:, and the 1568:After the 1552:Suleiman I 1537:Şam Eyalet 1436:al-Burtasi 1348:Lion Tower 1150:Nestorians 1012:Banu Ammar 1001:Alexandria 943:Under the 899:necropolis 871:Phoenician 635:called it 611:Under the 562:Phoenician 405:Arab world 374:Christians 326:طَرَابُلُس 313:at Tripoli 251:Tripolitan 233:Population 207:Government 138:35°50′04″E 135:34°26′12″N 6280:Bethlehem 6164:Jerusalem 5972:Tahpanhes 5967:Gibraltar 5962:Phoenicus 5957:Myriandus 5866:Kerkouane 5743:Almunecar 5554:Volubilis 5425:Tsabratan 5279:Selinunte 5249:Lilybaeum 5016:El Bahri) 4990:Rusguniae 4965:Macomades 4900:Cartennae 4752:"Tripoli" 4735:"Tripoli" 4368:5 January 4317:27 August 3966:1301-3289 3542:. p. 225. 3493:4 October 3467:5 January 3407:0026-3206 3249:Ayia Napa 3200:Gaziantep 3136:July 2019 3107:does not 2917:Education 2682:Reference 2488:panoramic 1830:Geography 1813:Armenians 1809:Maronites 1641:militancy 1614:communist 1440:al-Tawbat 1424:al-Aattar 1385:squinches 1360:madrassas 1179:(today a 1146:Maronites 1142:Armenians 1122:bishopric 1064:records. 977:Sidonians 969:Ptolemais 960:Byzantine 945:Seleucids 927:Stone Age 919:Byzantine 839:Crusaders 820:Byzantine 658:al-Fayḥāʾ 637:Ṭarābulus 594:Mahallata 574:Ṭarābulus 568:the name 438:(Arabic: 426:Levantine 413:(Arabic: 401:Ṭarābulus 382:Armenians 378:Maronites 337:Ṭarābulus 281:Area code 257:Time zone 75:minaret, 6151:Damascus 6115:Khartoum 5931:Thysdrus 5875:Monastir 5846:Carthage 5754:Toscanos 5734:Saguntum 5724:Rushadir 5673:Alicante 5603:Portugal 5569:Oualidia 5529:Tamusida 5478:Tas-Silġ 5442:Cospicua 5440:Maleth ( 5259:Neapolis 5243:Cagliari 5209:Drepanum 5168:Shikmona 5086:Lapathus 5014:Zemmouri 4984:Azeffoun 4975:Rachgoun 4925:Igilgili 4895:Camarata 4720:Archived 4679:15 March 4610:(1911). 4594:(1830), 4544:Archived 4422:26 March 4280:Archived 4195:pp.10,11 4193:Jim Muir 4172:Jim Muir 3256:See also 3251:, Cyprus 3202:, Turkey 3189:, Cyprus 2988:Commerce 2751:Churches 2732:and the 2673:Criteria 2661:Location 2422:Source: 2374:Average 2257:Average 1781:Source: 1638:Islamist 1405:muqarnas 1392:minarets 1268:wilayahs 1263:Damascus 1240:khanqahs 1185:Egyptian 1126:Frankish 1054:al-Hakim 1038:Rashidun 1019:Damascus 997:Damascus 973:Aradians 911:Iron Age 891:gazelles 732:require 625:Trípolis 586:Assyrian 550:Τρίπολις 545:Trípolis 456:and the 393:Tripolis 370:Alawites 352:and the 196:District 6314:Lebanon 6310:Tripoli 6264:Morocco 6244:Tunisia 6234:Algeria 6220:Tripoli 6210:Baghdad 6204:Bahrain 6145:Algeria 6138:Algiers 6099:Morocco 6059:Lebanon 6045:Sharjah 6039:Tunisia 5935:El Djem 5926:Thapsus 5916:Tayinat 5911:Tabarka 5901:Ruspina 5829:Tunisia 5764:Tyreche 5728:Melilla 5689:Iboshim 5594:Rusibis 5564:Rusadir 5559:Mogador 5538:Tangier 5518:Larache 5487:Morocco 5419:Tripoli 5370:Sarepta 5335:Baalbek 5308:Lebanon 5294:Tharros 5213:Trapani 5080:Larnaca 5035:Thagora 4980:Rusazus 4944:Tigzirt 4940:Iomnium 4919:Algiers 4915:Icosium 4888:Algeria 4834:el-Mina 4815:Tripoli 4810:Capital 4620:(ed.). 4465:16 July 4083:13 June 4008:13 June 4003:Archnet 3848:14 June 3843:Archnet 3486:Palmyra 3283:El Mina 3273:Bazaari 3187:Larnaca 3176:, Italy 3160:twinned 3128:removed 3113:sources 2979:Economy 2804:Mosques 2697:Session 2666:Lebanon 2587:Hammams 2322:(33.5) 2252:(30.6) 2247:(38.1) 2242:(46.4) 2237:(52.2) 2232:(62.6) 2227:(69.1) 2222:(66.2) 2217:(60.1) 2212:(52.5) 2207:(48.6) 2202:(41.0) 2197:(37.8) 2192:(30.6) 2182:(60.9) 2177:(51.6) 2172:(59.7) 2167:(65.8) 2162:(70.7) 2157:(73.4) 2152:(71.8) 2147:(67.6) 2142:(62.8) 2137:(56.7) 2132:(52.0) 2127:(49.6) 2122:(49.1) 2112:(67.9) 2107:(58.3) 2102:(66.2) 2097:(73.0) 2092:(78.3) 2087:(80.8) 2082:(79.2) 2077:(75.2) 2072:(70.3) 2067:(63.5) 2062:(58.8) 2057:(55.9) 2052:(55.0) 2042:(74.5) 2037:(66.0) 2032:(74.8) 2027:(80.8) 2022:(85.1) 2017:(86.4) 2012:(84.7) 2007:(80.8) 2002:(76.3) 1997:(70.0) 1992:(65.5) 1987:(62.4) 1982:(61.7) 1972:(95.4) 1967:(77.7) 1962:(88.5) 1957:(88.5) 1952:(89.2) 1947:(91.8) 1942:(92.3) 1937:(95.4) 1932:(93.0) 1927:(90.0) 1922:(86.4) 1917:(72.7) 1912:(72.7) 1856:El Mina 1835:Climate 1773:282,315 1762:217,614 1751:210,574 1740:217,936 1731:±% p.a. 1626:Iranian 1607:Alawite 1513:Ottoman 1460:Khanqah 1416:Hammams 1401:joggled 1333:Western 1331:, some 1325:Qalawun 1316:Mamluks 1281:Latakia 1244:hammams 1219:minaret 1192:Qalawun 1190:sultan 1158:Muslims 1130:Occitan 1110:Latakia 1090:Crusade 1052:caliph 1050:Fatimid 1040:caliph 1030:Abbasid 1008:Ismaili 981:Tyrians 965:Antioch 923:Fatimid 879:El Mina 855:Ottoman 851:Mamluks 835:Fatimid 831:Umayyad 792:Persian 734:cleanup 707:History 663:الفيحاء 598:Mahlata 534:stadion 490:El Mina 447: 422: 395:by the 362:seaport 318:Tripoli 290:Website 247:Demonym 241:243,800 177:Lebanon 164:Country 116:Tripoli 39:Tripoli 6312:2023 ( 6304:Kuwait 6302:2022 ( 6294:Jordan 6292:2021 ( 6282:2020 ( 6272:2019 ( 6262:2018 ( 6252:2017 ( 6242:2016 ( 6232:2015 ( 6222:2014 ( 6212:2013 ( 6202:2012 ( 6200:Manama 6192:2011 ( 6125:Muscat 6117:2005 ( 6107:2004 ( 6105:Sanaʽa 6097:2003 ( 6089:Jordan 6087:2002 ( 6079:Kuwait 6077:2001 ( 6067:2000 ( 6065:Riyadh 6057:1999 ( 6055:Beirut 6047:1998 ( 6037:1997 ( 6027:1996 ( 5890:Djerba 5886:Meninx 5871:Lepcis 5855:Sousse 5820:Ugarit 5810:Shuksi 5805:Safita 5800:Paltus 5708:Málaga 5704:Malake 5649:Abdera 5632:Tavira 5514:Likush 5468:Mtarfa 5405:Lepcis 5344:Beirut 5239:Karaly 5163:Reshef 5153:Michal 5138:Achzib 5131:Israel 5117:Rhodes 5100:Greece 5091:Marion 5076:Kition 5064:Cyprus 5055:Timici 5039:Taoura 4970:Malaca 4670: 4308:dwd.de 4262:Synaps 4174:pp.7,8 4111: 3964: 3876: 3804: 3747: 3704: 3500:City." 3431: 3405: 3364: 3268:Bazaar 3174:Naples 3162:with: 2778:Ephrem 2524:French 2513:Arabic 2454:UNESCO 2348:trace 2317:(6.9) 2312:(4.3) 2307:(2.2) 2302:(0.5) 2297:trace 2294:trace 2291:(0.0) 2286:(0.6) 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The 629:Derbly 604:, and 582:Wahlia 570:Derbly 518:Strabo 516:, and 504:Names 468:after 346:Beirut 331:ALA-LC 322:Arabic 174: 83:church 44:طرابلس 6290:Irbid 6274:Sudan 6260:Oujda 6254:Egypt 6250:Luxor 6224:Libya 6194:Libya 6190:Sirte 6184:Qatar 6158:Syria 6119:Sudan 6109:Yemen 6095:Rabat 6085:Amman 6035:Tunis 6029:Egypt 6025:Cairo 5950:Other 5941:Utica 5920:Thyna 5896:Ruspe 5815:Sumur 5795:Carne 5780:Arwad 5773:Syria 5758:Velez 5714:Onoba 5699:Mahón 5693:Ibiza 5684:Herna 5663:Ceuta 5659:Abyla 5642:Spain 5628:Balsa 5579:Gadir 5574:Zilil 5534:Tinga 5452:Mdina 5434:Malta 5409:Khoms 5398:Libya 5375:Sidon 5340:Birut 5284:Sulci 5269:Olbia 5254:Motya 5223:Erice 5194:Bitan 5187:Italy 5172:Haifa 5158:Jaffa 5122:Delos 5071:Dhali 5025:Sarai 4950:Cirta 4929:Jijel 4904:Tenes 4616:. 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