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474:'s role in fighting such beings. In connection, the lack of trolls and jötnar in modern Scandinavia is sometimes explained as a result of the "accuracy and efficiency of the lightning strokes". Additionally, the absence of trolls in regions of Scandinavia is described in folklore as being a "consequence of the constant din of the church-bells". This ringing caused the trolls to leave for other lands, although not without some resistance; numerous traditions relate how trolls destroyed a church under construction or hurled boulders and stones at completed churches. Large local stones are sometimes described as the product of a troll's toss. Additionally, into the 20th century, the origins of particular Scandinavian landmarks, such as particular stones, are ascribed to trolls who may, for example, have turned to stone upon exposure to sunlight.
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391:), the last class being the youngest addition. On the other hand, Ármann Jakobson is critical of Motz's interpretation and calls this theory "unsupported by any convincing evidence". Ármann highlights that the term is used to denote various beings, such as a jötunn or mountain-dweller, a witch, an abnormally strong or large or ugly person, an evil spirit, a ghost, a
429:
Later in
Scandinavian folklore, trolls become defined as a particular type of being. Numerous tales are recorded about trolls in which they are frequently described as being extremely old, very strong, but slow and dim-witted, and are at times described as man-eaters and as turning to stone upon
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and is mentioned throughout the Old Norse corpus. In Old Norse sources, trolls are said to dwell in isolated mountains, rocks, and caves, sometimes live together (usually as father-and-daughter or mother-and-son), and are rarely described as helpful or friendly. The
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contact with sunlight. However, trolls are also attested as looking much the same as human beings, without any particularly hideous appearance about them, but living far away from human habitation and generally having "some form of social organization"—unlike the
1262:
Northern
Mythology, Compromising the Principal Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany, and the Netherlands: Compiled from Original and Other Sources. In three Volumes. Scandinavian Popular Traditions and Superstitions, Volume
87:, and are considered dangerous to human beings. Depending on the source, their appearance varies greatly; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted, or look and behave exactly like human beings, with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them.
442:, what sets them apart is that they are not Christian, and those who encounter them do not know them. Therefore, trolls were in the end dangerous, regardless of how well they might get along with Christian society, and trolls display a habit of
90:
Trolls are sometimes associated with particular landmarks in
Scandinavian folklore, which at times may be explained as formed from a troll exposed to sunlight. Trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture.
462:
traditions". They "therefore appear in various migratory legends where collective nature-beings are called for". Lindow notes that trolls are sometimes swapped out for cats and "little people" in the folklore record.
449:
Lindow states that the etymology of the word "troll" remains uncertain, though he defines trolls in later
Swedish folklore as "nature beings" and as "all-purpose otherworldly being, equivalent, for example, to
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See Lindow (1978:89), but noted as early as Thorpe (1851:154) who states "The dread entertained by Trolls for thunder dates from the time of paganism, Thor ... being the deadly foe of their race".
199:. According to the section, Bragi was driving through "a certain forest" late one evening when a troll woman aggressively asked him who he was, in the process describing herself:
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may have been used by pagan Norse settlers in Orkney and
Shetland as a collective term for supernatural beings who should be respected and avoided rather than worshipped.
76:
sources, beings described as trolls dwell in isolated areas of rocks, mountains, or caves, live together in small family units, and are rarely helpful to human beings.
1150:
Lindow, John (2007). "Narrative Worlds, Human
Environments, and Poets: The Case of Bragi" as published in Andrén, Anders. Jennbert, Kristina. Raudvere, Catharina.
1184:(The pages referenced are from a paper by Alan Bruford entitled "Trolls, Hillfolk, Finns, and Picts: The Identity of the Good Neighbors in Orkney and Shetland").
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emphasizes not the harrying of
Grendel but the cleansing of the hall of Beowulf, so the modern tales stress the moment when the trolls are driven off."
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Smaller trolls are attested as living in burial mounds and in mountains in
Scandinavian folk tradition. In Denmark, these creatures are recorded as
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in Orkney and
Shetland, to mean beings which are very like the Huldrefolk in Norway, may suggest a common origin for the terms. The word
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Hartley, Gregory (2014). "Civilized goblins and
Talking Animals: How The Hobbit Created Problems of Sentience for Tolkien". In
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540:. Trolls may be described as small, human-like beings or as tall as men depending on the region of origin of the story.
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frightens away trolls and jötnar appears in numerous Scandinavian folktales, and may be a late reflection of the god
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Look at them, troll mother said. Look at my sons! You won't find more beautiful trolls on this side of the moon.
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could later have become specialized as a description of the larger, more menacing Jötunn-kind whereas
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folklore, trolls became beings in their own right, where they live far from human habitation, are not
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It has been hypothesized that the troll myth might have its origin in real-life interactions between
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were a popular toy based on the folklore creature. Trolls based on the dolls appeared in the
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1025:[Norse mythology in Dungeons & Dragons - Between reception and stereotypes].
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theorized that these were originally four distinct classes of beings: lords of nature (
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In Norwegian tradition, similar tales may be told about the larger trolls and the
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and trolls, suggesting that both concepts may derive from spirits of the dead.
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1029:. Fest'Ain d'Histoire (in French). Chazey-sur-Ain: Didaskalie. pp. 75–90.
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The Hobbit and Tolkien's mythology : essays on revisions and influences
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genre, with classic examples being the portrayal of trolls in works such as
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var henholdsvis trollkvinne og trollmann – i flertall omtalt som trollfolk.
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Bragi responds in turn, describing himself and his abilities as a skillful
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This article is about beings from Nordic folklore. For the slang term, see
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describes an encounter between an unnamed troll woman and the 9th-century
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Trolls have appeared in many works of modern fiction, most often, in the
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is the name, and main antagonist, of a 2022 Norwegian movie released by
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John Arnott MacCulloch posited a connection between the Old Norse
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The Troll Inside You: Paranormal Activity in the Medieval North
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Kvideland, Reimund. Sehmsdorf, Henning K. (editors) (2010).
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Lindow compares the trolls of the Swedish folk tradition to
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1090:Ármann Jakobsson (2006). "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly:
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149:"to flutter" both developed from the Proto-Germanic verb *
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likely borrowed from Old Norse), possibly developed from
34:"Trolls" redirects here. For the 2016 animated film, see
1041:"Roar Uthaug's Troll Launches on Netflix on December 1"
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16:Supernatural being in Nordic folklore
832:Kvedelund, Sehsmdorf (2010:301–313).
1201:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
1113:Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend
513:, and notes that "just as the poem
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1238:(2007) translated by Angela Hall.
991:Dungeons & Dragons For Dummies
636:(2016) and its subsequent sequels
578:, a Norwegian research station in
387:), and heroic and courtly beings (
334:swallower of the wheel of heaven .
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107:(variously meaning "fiend, demon,
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298:what is a troll other than that?'
1763:Scandinavian legendary creatures
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1241:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1223:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
1169:MacCulloch, John Arnott (1930).
925:MacCulloch (1930:228 & 231).
466:A Scandinavian folk belief that
328:beloved follower of the seeress,
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907:MacCulloch (1930:219—223, 224).
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1138:University of California Press
802:. Earth, Milky Way : punctum.
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1134:Swedish Folktales and Legends
1117:University of Minnesota Press
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888:"trolldomsprosessene i Norge"
697:, a fictional protagonist of
481:The Princess and the Trolls –
285:seeress's friendly companion,
1768:Creatures in Norse mythology
1186:University Press of Kentucky
1175:In Thirteen volumes, Vol. II
1021:Di Filippo, Laurent (2018).
994:. For Dummies. p. 373.
352:, before the scenario ends.
322:wealth sucker of the giant,
268:Anthony Faulkes translation:
94:
7:
1783:Fairy tale stock characters
1177:. Cooper Square Publishers.
1027:Les clichés dans l'histoire
864:Thorpe (1851:158, 154—156).
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337:What's a troll if not that?
325:destroyer of the storm-sun
10:
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1173:The Mythology of All Races
876:MacCulloch (1930:223—224).
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331:guardian of the "nafjord"
295:swallower of heaven-wheel;
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1154:. Nordic Academic Press.
796:Ármann Jakobsson (2017).
608:in Tolkien's Middle-earth
276:moon of dwelling-Rungnir,
786:Ármann Jakobsson (2008).
777:Ármann Jakobsson (2006).
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528:("mountain-trolls"), or
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260:hvat's troll nema þat?
122:"fiend" (according to
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29:Troll (disambiguation)
27:. For other uses, see
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1319:Scandinavian folklore
1284:at Wikimedia Commons
892:Store norske leksikon
808:10.21983/P3.0175.1.00
660:on December 1, 2022.
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409:Scandinavian folklore
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313:They call me a troll,
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1758:Supernatural legends
846:Lindow (1978:33—35).
735:Orel (2003:410-411).
644:Trolls Band Together
165:In Norse mythology,
99:The Old Norse nouns
23:. For the doll, see
1094:and Its Giants" in
916:Narváez (1997:118).
768:Faulkes (1995:132).
744:Orchard (1997:167).
686:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
536:("troll-folk") and
499:, the supernatural
222:trungl sjǫtrungnis,
153:, a derivative of *
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1743:Norwegian folklore
1696:Old Norse religion
598:In popular culture
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1194:978-0-8131-0939-8
1171:Eddic Mythology,
1160:978-91-89116-81-8
1125:978-0-8166-1967-2
1108:32 (2008), 39–68.
1001:978-0-7645-8459-6
955:978-0-7864-7960-3
937:Bradford Lee Eden
820:Simek (2007:335).
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133:neuter noun *
132:
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127:Vladimir Orel
125:
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120:troll, trolle
118:
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21:Troll (slang)
1554:
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1199:
1181:
1170:
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1133:
1130:Lindow, John
1112:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1043:. 2022-09-05
1035:
1026:
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1005:. Retrieved
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419:Forest Troll
418:
392:
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368:
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308:translation:
303:
290:corpse-fiord
288:guardian of
266:
259:
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236:élsólar bǫl,
235:
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81:Scandinavian
78:
68:, including
61:
59:
50:
43:
36:
1673:Påskkärring
1367:Church grim
1246:D.S. Brewer
1164:google book
1092:Bárðar saga
986:Grubb, Jeff
982:Baker, Rich
708:, a Danish
700:The Moomins
695:Moomintroll
624:Troll dolls
592:polar orbit
526:bjergtrolde
505:Old English
444:bergtagning
440:John Lindow
417:Skogtroll (
306:John Lindow
124:philologist
1727:Categories
1646:Askeladden
1455:Marmennill
1423:Gjenganger
1379:Deildegast
1362:Changeling
1231:9004128751
1084:References
1047:2022-12-11
1007:2009-02-12
710:video game
588:satellites
580:Antarctica
563:Huldrefolk
545:Huldrefolk
489:John Bauer
373:Lotte Motz
183:Prose Edda
151:trulljanan
55:John Bauer
53:(1915) by
25:Troll doll
1560:Troll cat
1414:Fossegrim
1372:Cyprianus
1345:Bäckahäst
1225:. Brill.
1106:Saga-Book
964:889426663
628:Hollywood
534:trollfolk
530:bjergfolk
522:troldfolk
501:mead hall
468:lightning
403:berserker
399:brunnmigi
209:Old Norse
95:Etymology
79:In later
74:Old Norse
1705:See also
1576:Vardøger
1336:Askafroa
1260:(1851).
1221:(2003).
1132:(1978).
988:(2006).
680:See also
318:Hrungnir
241:vilsinn
109:werewolf
1684:Origins
1567:Valravn
1532:Skogsrå
1505:Bergsrå
1482:Nis Puk
1432:Helhest
1405:Erlking
1265:Lumley.
1206:Cassell
1071:29 June
939:(ed.).
658:Netflix
647:(2023).
610:or the
604:fantasy
515:Beowulf
510:Beowulf
497:Grendel
452:fairies
401:, or a
394:blámaðr
227:auðsug
169:, like
155:trullan
147:trüllen
135:trullan
115:") and
1778:Jötnar
1733:Trolls
1655:Blenda
1637:People
1594:Vættir
1548:Skrømt
1514:Hulder
1464:Myling
1439:Kraken
1388:Draugr
1327:Beings
1282:trolls
1251:
1229:
1212:
1192:
1158:
1144:
1123:
998:
962:
952:
690:-troll
633:Trolls
570:vættir
538:tusser
491:, 1913
460:Celtic
425:, 1906
421:), by
377:jötunn
367:, and
357:jötunn
229:jǫtuns
176:jötnar
139:trylla
113:jötunn
39:(film)
37:Trolls
1603:Vǫrðr
1585:Vargr
1555:Troll
1541:Selma
1523:Sjörå
1473:Nisse
1395:Dwarf
1357:Bysen
946:(PDF)
720:Notes
664:Other
653:Troll
576:Troll
559:Troll
555:troll
507:poem
487:, by
456:Anglo
381:troll
361:troll
350:skald
194:skald
186:book
171:thurs
167:troll
145:verb
105:trǫll
101:troll
72:. In
62:troll
1664:Disa
1489:Neck
1446:Mara
1352:Bøyg
1249:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1073:2024
996:ISBN
960:OCLC
950:ISBN
712:and
706:Hugo
672:and
550:trow
472:Thor
436:näck
434:and
389:risi
385:þurs
369:risi
365:þurs
243:vǫlu
103:and
1400:Elf
804:doi
619:.
590:in
454:in
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1496:Rå
1263:2.
1244:.
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761:^
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292:,
245:,
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41:.
31:.
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