1029:
33:
665:
1191:
809:
1077:
720:
495:
461:
962:
389:
1229:
1296:
1114:
600:"Suddenly the hum of a Gnome is heard, and like a great bird a Blériot two-seater comes into view, sailing closely over the top of the mountains. It swoops down until its wheels nearly touch the sea, and as it whirrs past, Lieut. Gran and his observer are seen to make signs which can only be interpreted as a polite but firm request to 'get out.'"
1217:, on the occasion of a dinner given by the minister. Gran and other Norwegian flyers were in Paris as part of the festivities to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Blériot's historic cross-channel flight. It was also almost exactly 20 years since Gran's 500 km record-breaking flight to Norway. The party earlier visited
1072:
near
Kristiania. The first flight from Kristiania to Stockholm was planned, and on 6 September the O/400 with Stewart, Gran and his English wife as a passenger took off from Kjeller. But the Handley-Page crashed shortly after takeoff with a seized engine; no-one was injured and the aircraft was badly
1093:
they arrived in
Kjeller in the early hours of 25 June. The final leg of the journey continued in the permanent twilight of the night of 24-25 June 1920, when Carter and Gran flew from Kjeller to Stockholm in slightly over 2½ hours: they thus became the first to fly (somewhat indirectly) from London
905:
on 1 January 1918 with the rank of acting captain, by which time he was able to walk with crutches. and in March his seniority as second lieutenant was backdated to 1 January 1917. On 20 March 1918 he got permission to go to Norway for a few weeks to recover from his foot/leg injury, and a few days
427:
In
November 1912, Gran was part of the 11-man search party that found the tent containing the dead bodies of the past South Pole party. After collecting the party's personal belongings the tent was lowered over the bodies of Scott and his two companions and a 12-foot snow cairn was built over it. A
1279:
It has been speculated Gran feared reprisals from the pro-German fascist party because of his commitment to the Royal Air Force in the First World War. Others have speculated that his friendship with Göring and bitterness over not being offered a full-time job in the
Norwegian Army Air Service may
1088:
with the idea of flying it non-stop to Sweden. The F.K.8 was registered as a civil aircraft to Gran on 9 June 1920: they set off from Dover on 17 June, and arrived at Århus after several delays on 23 June. News came from Norway that the O/400 had been repaired in
Kjeller after the winter, and they
715:
regarding Lieut. Tryggve Gran, who will be remembered by his aeroplane flight over the North Sea some little time ago. Lieut. Gran has been, it is stated, ordered to resign his commission in the
Norwegian Flying Corps for having appeared in uniform in a foreign country, it being added that he will
699:
from
September 1916. Bishop's extreme antipathy towards discipline led him into severe conflict with his Commanding Officer (CO). Gran's arrival may well saved Bishop's career as a pilot. They apparently got on well, and as a result of Gran's intercedings with his CO, Bishop only received a severe
1549:
Temple taught himself to fly, was the first Briton to fly upside down in the UK, and the youngest to fly from Paris to London at the time. He established an aviation school, but in the summer of 1913 he sold his interest in it in favour of exhibition flying. He died in 1914 aged only 21 - he felt
1423:, New Zealand, acquired Gran's four extant medals at a London auction in 2017 for £105,000. "The purchase included two of Mr Gran's journals as well as his Polar Medal as a member of the Antarctic expedition, United Kingdom Military Cross, French Legion of Honour and Italian Order of the Crown."
684:. At 11 Reserve Training Squadron he received more flying lessons from Lieutenant B. F. Moore, an old acquaintance from Gran's flying days at Hendon in 1913. He "personally took my instruction in hand, and after some flights with him at the helm, I finally took the driver's seat myself."
1703:
flying boat the O/400 G-EAKA got lost and made a safe emergency landing in a cornfield near
Stockholm. On take-off the next day, however, the tall corn interfered with the wings and wrapped itself around the undercarriage: the aircraft nosed over, and one person sustained severe burns.
367:, a common guest with the families of Tryggve's friends. Meeting the emperor made an impact on the then 14-year-old boy, who from that moment on wanted to become a naval officer. At this time, he had several years behind him as a member of the Nygaards Battalion, one of Bergen's
1160:
they were to go skiing and sledding for a month to "study the country, the equipment and ourselves"; at the same time they were to shoot a film about
Svalbard. This time Gran did not manage to raise enough money for two planes and equipment, and the trip was abandoned.
1313:, marriage dissolved 1921; secondly in 1923 to Ingeborg Meinich (1902–1997) with whom he had two daughters, the marriage dissolved; lastly in 1941 to Margaret Schønheyder, a renowned portrait painter. With his last wife, he had a son, Hermann who was born in 1944.
1140:
In the spring of 1921 Gran was in collision with a motorcycle in London and injured his left leg so severely that he was unable to resume active flying, and he returned home to Norway. Gran finally relinquished his commission on 6 August 1921.
604:
Gran had flown more than 3,000 km (1,900 mi) over the sea from the start of the war, on one occasion covering a distance of nearly 400 km (250 mi). On 9 September 1915, Gran made a flight in his Blériot from
Elvenes in
1133:. Pup G-EAVW (works No. C312) was registered to Gran on 27 October 1920, while Rickards bought G-EAVX. It appears that they tried to fly their Pups together to Norway via Holland in December 1920, but the prevailing wind forced them to
913:
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He bombed enemy aerodromes with great success, and engaged enemy searchlights, transport and other targets with machine-gun fire. He invariably showed the greatest determination and
661:, Officer Commanding, 16th/Home Defence Wing RFC. It was agreed that to circumvent the problem of his neutral Norwegian nationality, he would be given a commission under the assumed identity of "Teddy Grant", a Canadian aviator.
1020:. The repairs were going to take three months, and on 1 August Gran was granted a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of captain. He returned to the UK; the V/1500 eventually made it to New York in October 1919.
894:"in his own handwriting", but omits to mention that he wasn't the original recipient. The letters were apparently sent to Gran's friend 2nd Lt. Lester (Larry) Carter, who later flew with Gran to Norway in June 1920 in an
949:, who was also there from October 1918. In October his leg wound was troubling him in the extreme cold, and the RFC doctor advised him to get a transfer. He returned to Norway on 8 November, a few days before the
3293:
419:
later that year. From November 1911 to February 1912, while Scott and the rest of the Southern party were on their journey to the Pole, Gran accompanied the geological expedition to the western mountains led by
1106:
Gran received another commission as a Flight Lieutenant on 22 September 1920. He joined the staff of the Air Pilotage School (variously No. 2 Navigation School, later School of Aerial Navigation) at
408:
and testing the motor tractor he intended to take with him. Scott was impressed with Gran, who was an expert skier, and Nansen convinced Scott to take Gran as ski instructor to Scott's men for the
1098:, and after a forced landing they extinguished the fire. On taking off again, however, the F.K.8 nosed over and was wrecked although the pair of flyers received only relatively minor injuries.
553:, Norway, after a flight of 320 miles (510 km). This record-breaking achievement, the longest flight over water to date by a heavier-than air machine, was overshadowed by the outbreak of
1559:
It appears that the Temple School merged with the J. Laurence Hall School in 1913 (they were right next door to each other), and advertisements for the Hall School included Gran as a pupil.
4369:
1008:
A publicity stunt organised by Handley Page to fly the V/1500 straight to New York in early July 1919 was cut short when the aircraft suffered overheating engines again and crashed at
444:
in December 1912, an occasion which nearly ended in disaster when an unexpected eruption caused a shower of huge pumice blocks to fall around him. On 24 July 1913 Gran was awarded the
3183:
1276:. Gran was found guilty of treason and sentenced to a prison term of 18 months: but since he had already been incarcerated during his arrest he didn't serve any further time in jail.
1684:
appears to be a figment of Gran's fevered imagination. This statement, along with a number of other fanciful assertions by the 86-year old Gran, appeared in an uncritical article in
1254:
party. The NS used Gran's hero-like status in their war propaganda, and in 1944, a commemorative stamp was issued to mark the 30th anniversary of Gran's flight across the North Sea.
1094:
to Stockholm. The Handley Page O/400 arrived from Norway the next evening. A return race was planned, and on 30 June Gran and Carter took off. However, the engine caught fire over
845:
747:, but the unit operated at least one Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8., the type which Gran would later fly to make the first (indirect) flight from London to Stockholm via Kristiania.
1307:
Gran was married three times. Firstly, as "Teddy Grant, formerly Tryggve Gran" on 29 April 1918, in London, to actress Lily St. John (Lilian Clara Johnson) who later starred in
879:('Archie') while flying over occupied territory, managed to land just inside Allied lines and hospitalised. He returned to England from 16 December 1917 and recovered in the
1699:
Meisterlin still had plans to start up an airline service, but on 30 June 1920 at the end of a demonstration flight form Kjeller to Stockholm in the attempted company of a
4059:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. III. London: Clarendon Press.
4072:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV. London: Clarendon Press.
1793:
415:
Arriving in Antarctica in early January 1911, Gran was one of the 13 expedition members involved in the laying of the supply depots needed for the attempt to reach the
711:
What seems to be a barely-concealed official excuse for Gran's permission to join the RFC appeared in a Norwegian newspaper: "It's a curious story that comes from the
347:, Norway, growing up in an affluent family dominant in the shipbuilding industry. His great-grandfather Jens Gran Berle (1758–1828), had founded a shipyard in the
2201:
2107:
1375:
797:. His Commanding Officer was Major (later Wing Commander) T. O’B. Hubbard. It's not entirely clear how Gran managed to progress as far as he did without a valid
483:
at the Temple School of Aviation, but seems not to have gained his British Aviator's Certificate at the time. His instructor, George Lee Temple (who also taught
355:. His father, Jens Gran (1828 – 94) who had inherited the shipbuilding business, died when Tryggve was only five years old. In 1900, after school in Bergen and
1272:) suspected of being a spy; but on his release he had acted almost like the head of the prison camps and had ordered 300 soldiers to clear snow for farmers in
1325:
4339:
3705:
4344:
3556:
1028:
673:
3921:
828:- apparently a staging post before joining his official unit - arriving there on 1 September 1917. A few days later he was with 101 Squadron, flying
4389:
1169:
After the war, Gran started holding lectures on aviation and his journeys to the polar areas, as well as writing books. In 1928, he sailed on the
4319:
4154:
3502:
2587:
This was (later Major) Barry Fitzgerald Moore, Pilot's licence no. 567, (Grahame-White Biplane, Grahame-White School, Hendon), 21 July 1913.
1550:
unwell while flying a Blériot XI (50 hp Gnome) at Hendon, lost consciousness, his head hit the stick and the aeroplane dived into the ground.
997:
in May 1919, the engines boiled over because of faulty radiators. While the team was waiting for the latest radiators to arrive from England
3194:
3957:
588:
as a Lieutenant on 3 August 1914, and his Bleriot XI was bought by the government. In spring 1915 he was flying aggressive patrols against
2400:
2310:
2059:
672:
In the event he was commissioned on 1 January 1917 as a probationary temporary second lieutenant in the RFC. He was initially assigned to
4379:
4249:
1990:
1052:. HP was also going to run scheduled flights from Copenhagen to London. In order to test this route, Gran and Captain J. Stewart flew a
759:
262:
573:
479:, and immediately took an interest in aviation. According to his own words in a newspaper report, Gran learned to fly in early 1913 at
691:
had been posted to the same Training Squadron a month earlier in December 1916, for further lessons before joining his official unit,
432:
wearing Scott's skis, reasoning that at least Scott's skis would complete the journey. Before leaving Antarctica he made an ascent of
4374:
4359:
986:
2421:
4354:
4334:
4394:
2873:
657:(RFC), and obtain lessons in night flying. Returning to London, he was interviewed at the Norwegian Legation and then by Lt-Col.
4384:
4349:
1329:
309:
1337:
2329:
2688:
2624:
1218:
642:
in May, and the relief ship was not needed. A newspaper report of the same date claimed that he was now a lieutenant in the
4364:
4324:
1798:
1753:
Another article on the same page reports an award to five pilots who had collectively flown over 1,000,000 kilometres for
1129:
was being managed by Handley Page. They had a look round at the war surplus aircraft, and they both subsequently bought a
844:) from 31 August 1917 to 2 February 1918. The CO was Major the Hon. Laurence Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, the second son of
621:
4329:
4228:
4198:
4164:
4143:
4109:
4088:
4041:
4006:
3758:
3503:"School of Air Pilotage/Air Pilotage School/Air Navigation School/School of Air Navigation - Personnel and locations"
798:
3322:
4299:
2824:
643:
244:
3843:
1214:
755:
1420:
1073:
damaged although repairable. Gran returned to the UK and his commission was cancelled again on 2 December 1919.
945:
ten days later, although he doesn't appear to have achieved much. In his memoirs he doesn't mention meeting Sir
890:
In his book recounting his wartime experiences, Gran reproduces three letters dated August to October 1917 from
4304:
1615:
852:
449:
3635:
2078:
1623:
2138:
1321:
1222:
989:, the first Naval Flag Officer to become a pilot. Gran was the navigator and relief pilot. During testing in
950:
744:
441:
372:
3109:
2274:
2254:
2232:
1110:
that month. Another instructor at Andover was Flying Officer (later Wing Commander) Aubrey R. M. Rickards.
1040:(HP's general agent in Norway) had already planned to form an Anglo-Norwegian airline company, flying from
829:
740:
2787:
4314:
4294:
1413:
821:
321:
267:
3415:
929:
on 10 September 1918, and received an offer to go to northern Russia to lead a flying detachment of the
926:
4309:
4066:
4053:
1190:
946:
650:
585:
364:
1080:
An Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 similar to the one which Gran and Carpenter flew from London to Stockholm
3980:
1660:
1650:, pp. 137, 212, 227, 244) although none show 101 Squadron, being stationed too far to the west.
1281:
1121:
While flying together, Rickards and Gran were forced down by bad weather and landed at Waddon (later
1085:
895:
507:
3784:
2925:
1736:
1210:
860:
363:
for a year, where he learned some German and French. Three years later, he met the German emperor,
3088:
3058:
3040:
3010:
2750:
2642:
2520:
2179:
664:
3661:
2015:
1590:
677:
2563:
1887:
316:
from Scotland to Norway in a heavier-than-air aircraft in August 1914. During WW1 he joined the
3457:
1700:
421:
4133:
4068:
The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
4055:
The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
4031:
2338:
With photos of the Blériot on a horse-drawn cart, and on a steamer crossing the Arctic circle.
1942:
1407:
1202:
4259:
4190:
4099:
4078:
3436:
3141:
2725:
1917:
1826:
1037:
934:
863:. Gran carried out 17 night bombing raids. On 30 November 1917, 101 squadron's targets were
837:
606:
409:
360:
272:
4119:
3686:
3482:
3385:
3231:
1866:
428:
pair of skis were used to form a cross over their grave. Gran travelled back to the base at
4289:
4284:
3717:
3114:
2279:
2258:
2209:
2115:
2041:
1317:
1309:
817:
775:
763:
511:
3186:
Shackleton's men in the Arctic: polar explorers and Arctic warfare in North Russia 1918–19
1351:
during 1971. Gran, together with his third wife Margaret, are buried in the churchyard at
8:
3894:
1134:
982:
974:
880:
856:
825:
782:
732:
701:
692:
561:
401:
3721:
981:'s Transatlantic Air Race, which had been postponed during the war. The pilot was Major
739:
in the London Air Defence Area, part of the Home Defence wing. 39 Squadron usually flew
4208:
3733:
3487:
2428:. Vol. LII, no. 15, 553. Christchurch, New Zealand. 31 March 1916. p. 7c
1726:
The registration of Gran's Pup G-EAVW appears to have been cancelled in December 1921.
1525:
1149:
1053:
876:
654:
317:
305:(20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980) was a Norwegian aviator, polar explorer and author.
248:
2375:
1717:. Rickard's Sopwith Pup, the only surviving wartime example, is now being restored.
1261:
808:
649:
On 18 October 1916 he was back in Norway, and persuaded the Norwegian Minister of War
4224:
4194:
4160:
4139:
4105:
4084:
4037:
4002:
3737:
2154:
2146:
1395:
617:
437:
3585:
3566:. The North Weald Airfield History Series (1). Epping Forest District Council: 37–38
1577:
560:
Gran flew the Blériot on service in Norway during WW1. It was exhibited at the 1918
3725:
2899:
1251:
1242:
1089:
changed the plan to be the first to fly from Kristiania to Stockholm. Crossing the
998:
902:
480:
2660:
1771:
716:
probably become a naturalised British subject and join the British Flying Corps."
3318:
1247:
1122:
1076:
1069:
930:
802:
700:
reprimand and was posted to 37 Squadron (Home Defence) and then in March 1917 to
569:
397:
332:
284:
252:
3527:
1352:
1061:
953:. Gran was temporarily transferred to the RAF unemployed list on 26 April 1919.
719:
87:
4245:
4017:
3868:
3267:
1664:
1569:
1438:
1401:
1183:
1178:
1174:
891:
884:
833:
771:
736:
728:
705:
625:
488:
484:
472:
325:
301:
183:
3729:
3610:
3360:
1198:
In 1931 Gran proposed a solo attempt to reach the South Pole on a motorcycle.
1194:
Cercle national des armées, Paris, where Gran was awarded the Légion d'honneur
965:
The V-1500 'Atlantic' during its onward flight from New York to Chicago (1919)
32:
4278:
4220:
2471:
2150:
2020:
The Aviation Ancestry Database of British Aviation Advertisements, 1909 -1990
1965:
1257:
He stood trial in 1948 for his war-time activities. One of the witnesses was
1206:
1145:
990:
794:
639:
624:
since December 1914, and he offered to go on a relief ship to search for the
610:
589:
519:
515:
4156:
Race Across the Atlantic: Alcock and Brown's Record-Breaking Non-Stop Flight
3188:. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal, September 2017, pp. 188–199"
2158:
1157:
530:
503:
464:
328:. He co-piloted the first flight from London via Oslo to Stockholm in 1920.
4135:
From Ice Floes to Battlefields: Scott's 'Antarctics' in the First World War
1686:
1677:
1368:
1126:
1002:
994:
970:
688:
681:
565:
433:
918:
He was married to his first wife on 29 April 1918, reportedly wearing the
613:. Later that year he was sent to Britain and France to study air defence.
4254:
2348:
1895:
1573:
1389:
1130:
1107:
1057:
1013:
942:
790:
778:(another 39 Sqn airfield) when he narrowly failed to shoot down a Gotha.
658:
554:
445:
356:
3952:
3361:"Fabric and Postcard from the Parrsboro Nova Scotia Handley Page V/1500"
1016:. The navigator's seat from the V/1500 is in the Ottawa House Museum,
348:
1754:
1364:
1348:
1333:
1300:
1233:
1049:
1045:
978:
841:
696:
542:
429:
416:
99:
2541:, pp. 169–71) , including map of Home Defence squadron locations.
1713:
Rickards later died in an air crash in October 1938, while serving in
494:
396:
Gran took an interest in science and exploration which in 1910 led to
1821:
1776:
1774:
1635:
1090:
1017:
1009:
919:
767:
630:
572:. The restored, but complete and original plane is on display at the
550:
534:
526:
476:
405:
313:
217:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
1594:
1287:
The remainder of his life was devoted principally to writing books.
1095:
961:
460:
4104:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Publishers. pp. 42–45.
2874:"Clairmarais, Letiště Saint-Omer - Clairmarais [1940-1944]"
2250:
2246:
1602:
1344:
1273:
1268:
in 1940. He said that Gran had spent some time in a military jail (
1153:
872:
751:
695:. Bishop had previously been an observer and had learned to fly at
404:, who was in Norway at the time preparing for an expedition to the
368:
335:'s ruling party, and was sentenced to 18 months in prison in 1948.
221:
75:
3975:
1601:, Tunisia in a flight lasting nearly eight hours, but he overflew
1392:(for his part in Robert F. Scott's Antarctic expedition 1910–1911)
1065:
956:
546:
2955:
1631:
1598:
1265:
864:
638:
arrived in New Zealand in April, and Shackleton managed to reach
2943:
491:
during the war) died in a flying accident in 1914 aged only 21.
2501:
1347:, Norway on 8 January 1980 aged 91. A memorial was unveiled in
1173:
as part of a concerted effort to search for the polar explorer
1084:
A friend of Gran's, Captain Larry Carter, had bought an ex-RAF
938:
786:
388:
352:
344:
225:
56:
1593:
flew non-stop across the Mediterranean in September 1913 from
1005:, tested it, and taken off on 14 June to win the competition.
812:
Royal Aircraft Factory FE2b, similar to the aircraft Gran flew
1681:
1639:
1240:
During the Second World War, Gran was reportedly a member of
906:
later he was awarded the Military Cross. His citation reads:
868:
851:
101 Squadron flew night bombing missions with F.E.2bs during
541:(it was equipped with air cushions in case of ditching) from
3922:"Museum acquires Scott's skiing expert's medals and diaries"
2249:
monoplane also hanging from the ceiiling, the sole trimotor
4370:
People convicted of treason for Nazi Germany against Norway
2595:
2593:
2245:
with indistinct photo (top left). The other aircraft are a
2213:. Vol. 5, no. 39. 27 September 1913. p. 1078
2119:. Vol. 5, no. 39. 27 September 1913. p. 1078
1714:
1676:
An oft-repeated claim that the Handley Page crashed in the
1228:
1041:
1032:
A Handley Page O/400 similar to the one Gran flew to Norway
2605:
1295:
1144:
In May 1922 Gran travelled with the future Olympic skiers
1113:
4080:
Billy Bishop VC Lone Wolf Hunter: The RAF Ace Re-Examined
3826:
3824:
2706:
1794:"Church register no. B 7 (1888–1903), Domkirken i Bergen"
922:, although it seems unlikely that he was entitled to it.
525:
On 30 July 1914 Gran became the first pilot to cross the
3999:
The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)
3551:
3549:
3242:
2854:
2590:
1280:
have been reasons for Gran to support the NS during the
816:
On 28 August 1917 Gran was assigned to the newly formed
774:
bombers. On 13 June Gran was airborne in a B.E.12, from
3268:"Parrsboro's connection to the Handley Page 'Atlantic'"
2145:. Abbeville, South Carolina. 5 August 1914. p. 1.
3821:
1001:(who had arrived on 24 May 1919), had assembled their
3955:[Tryggve Gran – Norway's first flying hero].
3546:
3294:"Preparing for a non-stop flight across the Atlantic"
3212:
3021:
2825:"Auction Catalogue, 9 & 10 May 2018 - Lot No. 23"
2756:
2304:
2302:
2042:"L'autre traverséee de la Mer du Nord - Tryggve Gran"
1156:
to prepare for a ski trip across the ice sheet. From
785:, also part of Home Defence, based at Hainault Farm,
781:
On 24 July 1917 he was posted to the recently formed
2976:
2269:
2267:
1991:"Pilot at the J. L. Hall School of Flying at Hendon"
1374:
He also have his name on a mountain at Spitsbergen,
545:, Scotland, Gran landed 4 hours 10 minutes later at
4127:. The Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom. n.d. .
4025:(in Norwegian). Kristiania: Gyldendalske Boghandel.
3350:
C.Barnes. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907 (Putnam)
3164:
3152:
3069:
2988:
2842:
2805:
2768:
2416:
2414:
1177:, lost flying while trying to discover the fate of
514:engine for 20,000 francs. At the Blériot school at
455:
4065:
4052:
2544:
2489:
2452:
2440:
2299:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1398:(Norway, 1915, First World War: returned in 1925)
4036:. Pen & Sword Military. Casemate Publishers.
4001:. London: Putnam and Company. pp. 103, 105.
2683:
2681:
2264:
1882:
1880:
4276:
4187:The eternal snow – A history of skiing in Norway
4118:
3704:Kjær, Kjell-G.; Sefland, Magnus (January 2005).
3507:Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation
3017:(Supplement). 22 March 1918. pp. 3744–3745.
2411:
1780:
1264:, brigade commander for the Norwegian forces in
985:, and the co-pilot was recently retired Admiral
875:. That night he was badly wounded in the leg by
687:Gran was swiftly made an instructor. By chance,
3895:"South Pole medals bought by Canterbury Museum"
3785:"Norwegian Stamps: Commemoratives of 1938-1945"
1842:
957:Attempt at first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight
731:on 1 March 1917. He was posted to B flight of
727:Gran was confirmed in his rank and appointed a
3869:"Gran, Tryggve (1888-1980). Medals and awards"
2678:
1877:
1737:"Le capitaine Gran, pionnier de l'air méconnu"
1205:in 1934. It was awarded on 24 July by General
4180:
3005:
3003:
2401:"Correspondence: An Offer by Lieutenant Gran"
1232:Gran (r.) with Vidkun Quisling at the annual
375:in 1907 and graduated in the spring of 1910.
3958:Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association
3323:"The Man Who Remembers Scott's Last Journey"
3261:
3259:
3257:
16:Norwegian aviator, polar explorer and author
4340:Norwegian expatriates in the United Kingdom
3703:
3095:(Supplement). 23 August 1918. p. 9910.
2649:(Supplement). 28 August 1917. p. 8968.
1589:Longer flights had been made: for example,
1501:Første fly over Nordsjøen: Et femtiårsminne
1137:, where they caught a steamship to Norway.
1056:(G-EAKE) on 16 August 1919 from London via
910:T./Capt. Tryggve Gran, Gen. List and R.F.C.
887:(gazetted 26 March 1918) for his exploits.
801:, but on 2 August 1917 he finally received
312:and was the first person to fly across the
4152:
3875:. Live auction 14299: Lot 70. 12 July 2017
3291:Photo of Brackley, Kerr and Gran in 1919:
3248:
3104:
3102:
3065:(Supplement). 15 March 1918. p. 3400.
3000:
596:) from a small beach in Western Norway.
574:Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology
502:He went to France and bought a two-seater
172: 1941–1980)
133: 1918–1921)
31:
4244:
4097:
3953:"Tryggve Gran – Norges første flygerhelt"
3950:
3830:
3808:
3528:"Civil Aircraft Register - Great Britain"
3452:
3450:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3298:Prints Online: Mary Evans Picture Library
3254:
3047:(Supplement). 5 March 1918. p. 2956.
2611:
1580:did the same at Buc on 21 September 1913.
1023:
616:By March 1916, nothing had been heard of
216:First heavier-than-air flight across the
4207:
4131:
3926:Council of Australasian Museum Directors
3899:Council of Australasian Museum Directors
3685:
3481:
3435:
3384:
3317:
3230:
3140:
3087:
3057:
3039:
3009:
2970:
2641:
2519:
2507:
2373:
1898:, New Zealand. 17 August 1914. p. 4
1865:
1294:
1227:
1189:
1164:
1112:
1101:
1075:
1027:
960:
937:. On 20 September 1918 he departed from
807:
718:
663:
493:
459:
387:
4183:Den evige sne – En skihistorie om Norge
4076:
3759:"A l'assaut du pôle Sud à motocyclette"
3099:
2792:Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust
2599:
2527:(Supplement). 8 May 1917. p. 4449.
2039:
1404:(United Kingdom, 1918, First World War)
1221:, and also laid a floral wreath at the
471:On his return voyage, Gran met aviator
4345:Norway men's international footballers
4277:
4019:Under Britisk Flag; Krigen 1914 - 1918
3447:
3416:"Handley Page O/400, G-EAKE in Norway"
3413:
3396:
2880:(in Czech and English). 10 August 2016
2376:"Pioneer North Sea flier Tryggve Gran"
2079:"Shackleton and Norwegian Connections"
1888:"North Sea Flight. Scotland to Norway"
1181:'s North Pole expedition on board the
933:during the Allied intervention in the
4063:
4050:
3996:
3765:(in French). 26 July 1931. p. 3e
2982:
2949:
2906:(in Czech and English). 10 March 2014
2712:
2665:Hornchurch Aerodrome Historical Trust
2538:
2374:Robinson, Bethany (31 January 2018).
2327:
2308:
2076:
1957:
1743:(in French). 26 July 1934. p. 4d
1647:
1643:
1627:
1619:
4320:Norwegian Army Air Service personnel
4029:
4015:
3973:
3812:
3636:"Rare Aircraft Lands at Tyntesfield"
3458:"Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 (G-EATP)"
3392:. 1 August 1919. pp. 9867–9868.
3218:
3176:
3170:
3158:
3075:
3027:
2994:
2860:
2848:
2811:
2774:
2762:
2550:
2495:
2458:
2446:
2257:single-seat fighter manufactured by
1853:
1799:National Archival Services of Norway
1440:Under Britisk Flag: Krigen 1914–1918
383:
331:During WWII he aligned himself with
320:and flew night bombing raids on the
4390:Men's association football forwards
4153:Vigar, Bruce; Higgs, Colin (2019).
3148:. 17 September 1918. p. 11093.
1873:. 25 July 1913. pp. 5322–5323.
1690:colour magazine for 31 March 1974.
1659:Brackley had been taught to fly by
1489:Slik var det: Gjennom livets passat
653:to be allowed to volunteer for the
622:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
467:-2, Gran's record-breaking aircraft
13:
4380:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
4174:
3265:
2564:"1913 Aviators' Certificates - UK"
1963:
1453:En helt: Kaptein Scotts siste færd
1371:in Antarctica are named after him.
969:He immediately joined the crew of
824:in France. He was briefly sent to
579:
310:1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition
110:Aviator, Polar explorer and author
14:
4406:
4238:
3951:Albretsen, C. S. (30 June 2000).
3443:. 2 December 1919. p. 14924.
2040:Liébert, Michel (December 2009).
1894:. Vol. XLI, no. 13461.
1483:Slik var det: Fra kryp til flyger
1343:Tryggve Gran died in his home in
392:Tryggve Gran in Antarctica (1911)
4375:Recipients of the Military Cross
4360:Norwegian people of World War II
4121:Aviators' Certificates 1910–1930
3913:
3887:
3861:
3836:
3802:
3777:
3751:
3697:
3679:
2275:"Lieut. Gran's Flight To Norway"
1729:
1720:
1290:
836:. The squadron was stationed at
805:Aviators' Certificate No. 5000.
644:Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
456:Aviation: crossing the North Sea
308:He was the skiing expert on the
245:Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
4355:Norwegian people of World War I
4335:Norwegian expatriates in France
3944:
3919:Pic of two medals & diary:
3654:
3628:
3603:
3578:
3520:
3495:
3491:. 8 October 1920. p. 9815.
3475:
3429:
3378:
3353:
3344:
3311:
3285:
3224:
3134:
3081:
3051:
3033:
2918:
2892:
2866:
2817:
2780:
2743:
2718:
2653:
2635:
2617:
2581:
2556:
2531:
2513:
2464:
2393:
2367:
2341:
2321:
2225:
2194:
2172:
2131:
2100:
2070:
2052:
2033:
2008:
1983:
1707:
1693:
1670:
1653:
1646:, pp. 208–9, 211). Maps, (
1608:
1583:
1562:
1553:
1543:
1426:
1421:Canterbury Museum, Christchurch
1201:Gran received the Cross of the
609:in northern Norway, within the
475:, the first pilot to cross the
359:, Gran was sent to a school in
324:, for which he was awarded the
169:
148:
130:
4258:(in Norwegian). Archived from
3844:"Sweden vs. Norway 1908-07-12"
3693:. 5 August 1921. p. 6175.
2143:The Abbeville Press and Banner
2060:"Looping by Hall School Pupil"
1935:
1918:"Temple Flying School, Hendon"
1910:
1859:
1814:
1786:
1513:Mitt liv mellom himmel og jord
1326:first ever international match
1036:In 1918 Handley Page (HP) and
840:(a satellite airfield for RFC
1:
4385:Recipients of the Polar Medal
4350:Norwegian non-fiction writers
2661:"WWI, Suttons Farm 1915–1919"
2625:"Airisms From The Four Winds"
2233:"Airisms from the Four Winds"
2016:"1915: Hall School Of Flying"
1531:
1117:A Sopwith Pup in flight, 1917
925:He was promoted acting major
830:Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b
741:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2s
723:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12
584:Gran joined the newly formed
400:recommending his services to
373:Royal Norwegian Naval Academy
338:
37:Tryggve Gran around 1912-1913
3414:Mulder, Rob (17 June 2010).
3238:. 23 May 1919. p. 6367.
2077:Lucas, Anna (October 2019).
1507:Fra tjuagutt til sydpolfarer
1320:player, earning one cap for
1299:Memorial to Tryggve Gran in
1064:near Copenhagen; then on to
977:four-engined bomber, in the
762:in mid-March 1917, and also
704:in France, where he won the
674:11 Reserve Training Squadron
7:
4395:Norwegian men's footballers
4365:Members of Nasjonal Samling
4325:Royal Flying Corps officers
4181:Bomann-Larsen, Tor (1993).
4101:Billy Bishop: Canadian Hero
3706:"The Arctic ship Veslekari"
2952:, pp. 181, 186–8, 191.
2689:"Gran's RFC service record"
2472:"Air Vice-Marshal F V Holt"
2351:[Historic flight].
2328:Æolus (24 September 1915).
2086:James Caird Society Journal
1663:who was instructing at the
1634:, October 21st 1917, (near
1630:, pp. 191, 194, 197).
1568:This was first achieved by
1519:
1414:Order of the Crown of Italy
1340:. Sweden beat Norway 11–3.
1324:in 1908. This was Norway's
1223:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
1060:to the Danish Army airport
518:he was one of the first to
10:
4411:
4083:. Grub Street Publishing.
3662:"Airframe Dossier, G-EAVW"
2749:B.E.12 No. 6488, built by
2422:"The Antarctic Expedition"
2202:"Flying the Mediterranean"
1382:
1127:Aircraft Disposals Company
750:The squadron flew against
668:Cadet Billy Bishop in 1914
586:Norwegian Army Air Service
564:Aero Show on the stand of
3981:Norsk biografisk leksikon
3730:10.1017/S0032247404003997
3564:The Spirit of North Weald
2287:(293): 837. 7 August 1914
2243:(29): 803 . 18 July 1918.
1614:For further information:
1358:
1328:, and was played against
1303:, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
1282:Nazi occupation of Norway
1086:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8
896:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8
378:
343:Tryggve Gran was born in
291:
279:
258:
240:
232:
212:
204:
196:
189:
179:
114:
106:
94:
83:
64:
42:
30:
23:
4330:Royal Air Force officers
3532:Golden Years of Aviation
2788:"Hainault Farm (Ilford)"
846:18th Baron Saye and Sele
592:in his Blériot (renamed
298:Jens Tryggve Herman Gran
287:(Acting Squadron Leader)
200:Jens Tryggve Herman Gran
4300:Explorers of Antarctica
4132:Strathie, Anne (2015).
4098:McCaffrey, Dan (1988).
4077:Kilduff, Peter (2014).
3848:National Football Teams
3817:. Oslo: J. W. Cappelen.
3462:Aviation Safety Network
2180:"Foreign Notes: Norway"
2108:"Pegoud Loops the Loop"
1316:Gran was also a gifted
678:London Air Defence Area
351:borough of the city of
4016:Gran, Tryggve (1919).
3813:Haga, Arnfinn (1999).
3586:"Aircraft G-EAVY Data"
3249:Vigar & Higgs 2019
2930:Military Print Company
2048:(in French) (135): 28.
1701:Norman Thompson N.T.2B
1576:on September 9, 1913.
1304:
1237:
1195:
1118:
1081:
1033:
1024:Flights to Scandinavia
966:
813:
724:
669:
557:only five days later.
506:-2 "Artillerie", from
499:
468:
393:
4305:Terra Nova expedition
4138:. The History Press.
4064:Jones, H. A. (1934).
4051:Jones, H. A. (1931).
4030:Hyde, Andrew (2012).
3997:Bruce, J. M. (1982).
3789:Stamp-Collectig-World
3611:"Occurrence # 209225"
3122:(18): 488. 2 May 1918
2631:: 273. 22 March 1917.
2353:Salangen Seilflyklubb
2309:Æolus (21 May 1915).
2259:Nielsen & Winther
2190:(2): 41. 8 July 1914.
1827:Store norske leksikon
1822:"Tryggve Herman Gran"
1781:RAC Certificates 1930
1471:Stormen på Mont Blanc
1459:Mellom himmel og jord
1433:Hvor sydlyset flammer
1376:Tryggve Gran mountain
1298:
1231:
1193:
1165:Later civilian career
1116:
1102:RAF flying instructor
1079:
1038:no:Wilhelm Meisterlin
1031:
964:
935:North Russia Campaign
883:. He was awarded the
838:Clairmarais aerodrome
811:
760:resumed their attacks
722:
667:
607:Salangen Municipality
522:and fly upside down.
497:
463:
410:Terra Nova Expedition
391:
361:Lausanne, Switzerland
273:North Russia Campaign
120:Lilian Clara Johnson
4250:"Kopierer flypionér"
3974:Barr, Susan (2014).
3961:(in Norwegian) (120)
3272:Historic Nova Scotia
2863:, pp. 102, 105.
2715:, pp. 103, 105.
2407:: 302. 6 April 1916.
2066:: 666. 19 June 1914.
1943:"Escadrille SPA 112"
1830:(in Norwegian). 2014
1605:for much of the way.
1310:The Naughty Princess
927:(squadron commander)
853:Battle of Menin Road
568:'s Aeroplane Works,
529:. Taking off in his
508:Blériot Aéronautique
498:Map of Gran's flight
159:Margaret Schønheyder
4248:(19 October 2011).
4209:Simonsen, Anne Hege
3722:2005PoRec..41...57K
2349:"Historisk flyging"
1966:"George Lee Temple"
1622:, pp. 186–8);
1336:. Gran played as a
1215:fr:Cercle Militaire
1211:French Air Minister
983:Herbert G. Brackley
901:He was appointed a
881:Royal Free Hospital
857:3rd Battle of Ypres
713:Christiania Dagblad
510:with an 80 hp
402:Robert Falcon Scott
98:Memorial plaque at
4315:Norwegian aviators
4295:People from Bergen
3691:The London Gazette
3557:"A True Survivor!"
3488:The London Gazette
3441:The London Gazette
3390:The London Gazette
3236:The London Gazette
3146:The London Gazette
3093:The London Gazette
3063:The London Gazette
3045:The London Gazette
3015:The London Gazette
2900:"101 Squadron RFC"
2878:ArmedConflicts.com
2753:, works no. 4515.
2647:The London Gazette
2525:The London Gazette
2139:"Feat in Aviation"
1892:Poverty Bay Herald
1871:The London Gazette
1526:Aviation in Norway
1495:Kampen om Sydpolen
1305:
1238:
1196:
1150:Jacob Tullin Thams
1119:
1082:
1054:Handley Page O/400
1034:
967:
877:anti-aircraft fire
814:
725:
670:
655:Royal Flying Corps
651:Christian Holtfodt
500:
469:
394:
318:Royal Flying Corps
249:Royal Flying Corps
90:, Grimstad, Norway
4310:Aviation pioneers
4262:on 6 October 2014
4159:. Pen and Sword.
3928:. 17 January 2018
3901:. 16 January 2018
3763:Le Petit Parisien
3365:kaisersbunker.com
3321:(31 March 1974).
3221:, pp. 195–6.
3200:on 3 October 2017
3030:, pp. 164–9.
2765:, pp. 78–80.
2726:"Serials 1–10000"
2693:Cross and Cockade
2614:, pp. 42–45.
2602:, pp. 50–51.
1396:Order of St. Olav
947:Ernest Shackleton
861:Battle of Cambrai
737:RFC Sutton's Farm
618:Ernest Shackleton
576:in Oslo, Norway.
438:Raymond Priestley
384:Polar exploration
371:. He entered the
295:
294:
263:Defence of London
4402:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4234:
4217:Ice, air and war
4213:Is, luft og krig
4204:
4170:
4149:
4128:
4126:
4115:
4094:
4073:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4047:
4026:
4024:
4012:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3642:. 13 August 2015
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3454:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3411:
3394:
3393:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3319:Huntford, Roland
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3193:. Archived from
3192:
3184:"Damien Wright.
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3007:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2973:, (page needed).
2968:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2926:"No.101 Sqn RAF"
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2829:Noonan's Mayfair
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2271:
2262:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1674:
1668:
1657:
1651:
1616:Menin Road Ridge
1612:
1606:
1587:
1581:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1408:Légion d'honneur
1252:collaborationist
1243:Nasjonal Samling
1236:rally, July 1944
1203:Légion d'honneur
999:Alcock and Brown
903:Flight Commander
758:airships, which
481:Hendon Aerodrome
442:Frederick Hooper
304:
173:
171:
152:
150:
141:Ingeborg Meinich
134:
132:
71:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4246:Guhnfeldt, Cato
4241:
4231:
4201:
4177:
4175:Further reading
4167:
4146:
4124:
4112:
4091:
4044:
4033:The First Blitz
4022:
4009:
3987:
3985:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3702:
3698:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3615:Aviation Safety
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3397:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3331:Those Who Dared
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3264:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3056:
3052:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2640:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2532:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2326:
2322:
2307:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1694:
1675:
1671:
1667:flying school.
1665:RNAS Eastchurch
1658:
1654:
1613:
1609:
1588:
1584:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1522:
1477:La Villa i kamp
1465:Heia – La Villa
1429:
1385:
1361:
1293:
1262:Gudbrand Østbye
1248:Vidkun Quisling
1167:
1123:Croydon Airport
1104:
1070:Kjeller Airport
1026:
959:
931:Royal Air Force
803:Royal Aero Club
799:pilot's license
789:, Essex (later
776:RFC North Weald
634:. However, the
582:
580:First World War
570:AB Thulinverken
458:
422:Griffith Taylor
398:Fridtjof Nansen
386:
381:
341:
333:Vidkun Quisling
300:
271:
266:
253:Royal Air Force
251:
247:
228:, 30 July 1914)
191:Aviation career
175:
167:
163:
160:
156:
154:
151: 1923)
146:
142:
138:
136:
128:
124:
121:
79:
73:
69:
60:
54:
53:20 January 1888
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4408:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4273:
4272:
4240:
4239:External links
4237:
4236:
4235:
4229:
4205:
4199:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4129:
4116:
4110:
4095:
4089:
4074:
4061:
4048:
4042:
4027:
4013:
4007:
3994:
3984:(in Norwegian)
3976:"Tryggve Gran"
3971:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3912:
3886:
3860:
3835:
3831:Albretsen 2000
3820:
3809:Albretsen 2000
3801:
3776:
3750:
3696:
3678:
3666:Aerial Visuals
3653:
3627:
3602:
3577:
3545:
3519:
3494:
3474:
3446:
3428:
3395:
3377:
3352:
3343:
3310:
3284:
3266:Boland, Gale.
3253:
3241:
3223:
3211:
3175:
3173:, p. 190.
3163:
3161:, p. 188.
3151:
3133:
3098:
3080:
3078:, p. 179.
3068:
3050:
3032:
3020:
2999:
2997:, p. 144.
2987:
2985:, p. 255.
2975:
2954:
2942:
2917:
2904:ArmedConflicts
2891:
2865:
2853:
2851:, p. 103.
2841:
2816:
2814:, p. 109.
2804:
2779:
2777:, p. 121.
2767:
2755:
2742:
2717:
2705:
2677:
2652:
2634:
2616:
2612:McCaffrey 1988
2604:
2589:
2580:
2555:
2543:
2530:
2512:
2510:, page needed.
2500:
2488:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2410:
2392:
2366:
2355:(in Norwegian)
2340:
2320:
2298:
2263:
2224:
2193:
2171:
2130:
2099:
2069:
2051:
2032:
2007:
1982:
1970:Early Aviators
1964:Forder, Nick.
1956:
1934:
1909:
1876:
1858:
1841:
1813:
1785:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1728:
1719:
1706:
1692:
1669:
1652:
1607:
1582:
1578:Adolphe Pégoud
1570:Pyotr Nesterov
1561:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:(France, 1934)
1405:
1402:Military Cross
1399:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1360:
1357:
1292:
1289:
1184:Airship Italia
1179:Umberto Nobile
1175:Roald Amundsen
1166:
1163:
1103:
1100:
1025:
1022:
958:
955:
941:, arriving in
916:
915:
911:
892:James McCudden
885:Military Cross
834:night fighters
795:Sopwith Camels
772:Riesenflugzeug
770:, and 'Giant'
729:Flying Officer
676:, part of the
626:Ross Sea party
602:
601:
590:German U-boats
581:
578:
489:Escadrille 112
487:, who flew in
485:Max Le Verrier
473:Robert Loraine
457:
454:
385:
382:
380:
377:
340:
337:
326:Military Cross
293:
292:
289:
288:
281:
277:
276:
260:
256:
255:
242:
238:
237:
234:
233:Flight license
230:
229:
214:
213:Famous flights
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
187:
186:
184:Military Cross
181:
177:
176:
165:
161:
158:
157:
144:
140:
139:
126:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 91)
68:8 January 1980
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4407:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4230:9788202334314
4226:
4222:
4221:Cappelen Damm
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4200:82-02-13801-9
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4166:9781526747846
4162:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4145:9780750965781
4141:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4111:1-55028-095-3
4107:
4103:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4090:9781909808133
4086:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4049:
4045:
4043:9781781591246
4039:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4021:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4008:0-370-30084-X
4004:
4000:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3810:
3805:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3641:
3640:Warbirds News
3637:
3631:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3565:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3417:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3251:, p. 52.
3250:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2971:Strathie 2015
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2584:
2569:
2568:Grace's Guide
2565:
2559:
2553:, p. 42.
2552:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2508:Strathie 2015
2504:
2498:, p. 40.
2497:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2461:, p. 41.
2460:
2455:
2449:, p. 39.
2448:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2184:The Aeroplane
2181:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2103:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1995:Prints Online
1992:
1986:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1922:Grace's Guide
1919:
1913:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1597:, France, to
1596:
1592:
1591:Roland Garros
1586:
1579:
1575:
1572:who looped a
1571:
1565:
1556:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:in Grimstad.
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1291:Personal life
1288:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Thorleif Haug
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Harbour Grace
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
963:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
912:
909:
908:
907:
904:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Western Front
819:
810:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
721:
717:
714:
709:
707:
703:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
666:
662:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
640:South Georgia
637:
633:
632:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:Arctic Circle
608:
599:
598:
597:
595:
591:
587:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
520:loop the loop
517:
513:
509:
505:
496:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
462:
453:
451:
450:King George V
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
425:
423:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
390:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
334:
329:
327:
323:
322:Western Front
319:
315:
311:
306:
303:
299:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
268:Western Front
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
236:2 August 1917
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
84:Resting place
82:
77:
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4266:29 September
4264:. Retrieved
4260:the original
4253:
4216:
4212:
4186:
4182:
4155:
4134:
4120:
4100:
4079:
4067:
4054:
4032:
4018:
3998:
3988:29 September
3986:. Retrieved
3979:
3963:. Retrieved
3956:
3945:Bibliography
3930:. Retrieved
3925:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3872:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3847:
3838:
3815:Valdres 1940
3814:
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3788:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3762:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3716:(1): 57–65.
3713:
3710:Polar Record
3709:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3665:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3639:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3614:
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3590:Airport-Data
3589:
3580:
3568:. Retrieved
3563:
3536:. Retrieved
3531:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:
3497:
3486:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3461:
3440:
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3389:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:
3329:. Hosted at
3327:The Observer
3326:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3195:the original
3185:
3178:
3166:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3113:
3092:
3083:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3023:
3014:
2990:
2978:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2877:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:. Retrieved
2828:
2819:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2791:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2692:
2668:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2607:
2600:Kilduff 2014
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2546:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2404:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2352:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2314:
2289:. Retrieved
2284:
2278:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2208:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2114:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2085:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1891:
1870:
1861:
1834:29 September
1832:. Retrieved
1825:
1816:
1806:29 September
1804:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1745:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1722:
1709:
1695:
1687:The Observer
1685:
1678:Bay of Fundy
1672:
1655:
1624:Polygon Wood
1610:
1585:
1564:
1555:
1545:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1447:Triumviratet
1446:
1439:
1432:
1427:Publications
1418:
1369:Gran Glacier
1353:Fjære Church
1342:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1239:
1219:Villacoublay
1200:
1197:
1182:
1170:
1168:
1143:
1139:
1125:) where the
1120:
1105:
1083:
1062:Kløvermarken
1035:
1012:racecourse,
1007:
1003:Vickers Vimy
995:Newfoundland
973:'s entry, a
971:Handley Page
968:
924:
917:
900:
889:
850:
818:101 Squadron
815:
780:
766:such as the
756:Schütte-Lanz
749:
726:
712:
710:
689:Billy Bishop
686:
682:RAF Northolt
671:
648:
635:
629:
615:
603:
593:
583:
566:Enoch Thulin
559:
538:
524:
501:
470:
434:Mount Erebus
426:
414:
395:
342:
330:
307:
297:
296:
205:First flight
190:
88:Fjære Church
70:(1980-01-08)
25:Tryggve Gran
18:
4290:1980 deaths
4285:1888 births
4255:Aftenposten
3687:"No. 32413"
3534:. p. 2
3483:"No. 32078"
3437:"No. 31669"
3386:"No. 31486"
3232:"No. 31352"
3142:"No. 30905"
3089:"No. 30862"
3059:"No. 30582"
3041:"No. 30562"
3011:"No. 30597"
2730:Air History
2643:"No. 30257"
2521:"No. 30058"
2261:in Denmark.
2217:10 November
2123:10 November
1945:(in French)
1896:Poverty Bay
1867:"No. 28740"
1661:Jack Alcock
1574:Nieuport IV
1390:Polar Medal
1131:Sopwith Pup
1108:RAF Andover
1058:Soesterberg
1014:Nova Scotia
943:Archangelsk
826:70 Squadron
791:RAF Fairlop
783:44 Squadron
733:39 Squadron
702:60 Squadron
693:37 Squadron
680:, based at
659:Felton Holt
555:World War I
446:Polar Medal
357:Lillehammer
4279:Categories
3873:Christie's
2983:Jones 1934
2950:Jones 1934
2713:Bruce 1982
2539:Jones 1931
2476:RAFweb.org
2380:Historynet
1783:, p. 113 .
1755:Air France
1648:Jones 1934
1644:Jones 1934
1628:Jones 1934
1620:Jones 1934
1532:References
1365:Mount Gran
1349:Cruden Bay
1334:Gothenburg
1301:Cruden Bay
1234:Stiklestad
1158:Ny-Ålesund
1050:Copenhagen
1046:Gothenburg
1042:Kristiania
979:Daily Mail
842:Saint-Omer
793:), flying
697:RAF Upavon
562:Christiana
543:Cruden Bay
531:Blériot XI
504:Blériot XI
465:Blériot XI
430:Cape Evans
417:South Pole
365:Wilhelm II
339:Early life
208:Bleriot XI
102:, Scotland
100:Cruden Bay
49:1888-01-20
3811:, citing
3794:19 August
3738:131638156
3219:Gran 1919
3171:Gran 1919
3159:Gran 1919
3110:"Married"
3076:Gran 1919
3028:Gran 1919
2995:Gran 1919
2861:Gran 1919
2849:Gran 1919
2812:Gran 1919
2775:Hyde 2012
2763:Gran 1919
2551:Gran 1919
2496:Gran 1919
2459:Gran 1919
2447:Gran 1919
2426:The Press
2151:2372-6768
1854:Barr 2014
1765:Citations
1741:Le Figaro
1636:Roeselare
1171:Veslekari
1135:Newcastle
1091:Skaggerak
1018:Parrsboro
1010:Parrsboro
987:Mark Kerr
951:Armistice
920:Mons Star
914:resource.
768:Gotha G.V
735:based at
551:Stavanger
539:Ca Flotte
535:monoplane
527:North Sea
477:Irish Sea
406:Antarctic
314:North Sea
241:Air force
218:North Sea
197:Full name
115:Spouse(s)
95:Monuments
4211:(2013).
4191:Cappelen
3277:16 March
3204:25 April
2336:: 721–2.
2330:"Eddies"
2311:"Eddies"
2255:Thulin M
2251:Thulin H
2247:Thulin K
2159:10708843
2088:(10): 19
2025:24 April
1638:, NE of
1603:Sardinia
1520:See also
1515:– (1979)
1509:– (1974)
1503:– (1964)
1497:– (1961)
1491:– (1952)
1485:– (1945)
1479:– (1934)
1473:– (1933)
1467:– (1932)
1461:– (1927)
1455:– (1924)
1449:– (1921)
1443:– (1919)
1435:– (1915)
1345:Grimstad
1318:football
1274:Hemsedal
1154:Svalbard
873:Marquion
859:and the
752:Zeppelin
628:and the
594:Nordsøen
537:, named
369:buekorps
349:Laksevåg
222:Scotland
78:, Norway
76:Grimstad
59:, Norway
4219:].
4189:].
3965:14 June
3932:17 June
3905:17 June
3879:17 June
3853:24 June
3769:22 June
3743:22 June
3718:Bibcode
3671:23 June
3646:14 June
3538:23 June
3336:20 June
3303:22 June
3126:14 June
2935:18 June
2797:17 June
2751:Daimler
2735:18 June
2698:21 June
2670:16 June
2573:21 June
2481:14 June
2432:21 June
2385:21 June
2359:21 June
2291:21 June
2164:30 July
2092:17 June
2000:22 June
1975:21 June
1949:21 June
1927:21 June
1902:21 June
1747:22 June
1632:Rumbeke
1599:Bizerte
1388:Silver
1383:Honours
1338:striker
1266:Valdres
1213:at the
865:Cambrai
820:on the
745:B.E.12s
636:Aurora
549:, near
283:Acting
259:Battles
174:
166:
162:
153:
145:
135:
127:
123:
4227:
4197:
4163:
4142:
4108:
4087:
4040:
4005:
3736:
3620:3 June
3595:3 June
3570:7 June
3512:9 June
3467:5 June
3421:5 June
3370:5 June
3115:Flight
2910:9 June
2884:9 June
2834:8 June
2629:Flight
2405:Flight
2334:Flight
2317:: 360.
2315:Flight
2280:Flight
2253:and a
2237:Flight
2210:Flight
2157:
2149:
2116:Flight
2064:Flight
2046:Pégase
1802:. 2014
1595:Fréjus
1359:Legacy
1330:Sweden
1322:Norway
1270:Kakebu
1259:Oberst
1246:(NS),
1207:Denain
1096:Örebro
1068:, and
975:V/1500
939:Dundee
871:, and
787:Ilford
764:Gothas
631:Aurora
379:Career
353:Bergen
345:Bergen
275:(1918)
270:(1917)
265:(1917)
226:Norway
180:Awards
155:(div.)
137:(div.)
57:Bergen
4215:[
4185:[
4125:(PDF)
4023:(PDF)
3734:S2CID
3560:(PDF)
3198:(PDF)
3191:(PDF)
2205:(PDF)
2111:(PDF)
2082:(PDF)
1682:Maine
1642:) - (
1640:Ypres
1537:Notes
1066:Århus
869:Dechy
547:Jæren
512:Gnome
436:with
285:Major
168:(
164:
147:(
143:
129:(
125:
4268:2014
4225:ISBN
4195:ISBN
4161:ISBN
4140:ISBN
4106:ISBN
4085:ISBN
4038:ISBN
4003:ISBN
3990:2014
3967:2022
3934:2022
3907:2022
3881:2022
3855:2022
3796:2022
3771:2022
3745:2022
3673:2022
3648:2022
3622:2022
3597:2022
3572:2022
3540:2022
3514:2022
3469:2022
3423:2022
3372:2022
3338:2022
3305:2022
3279:2021
3206:2017
3128:2022
2937:2022
2912:2022
2886:2022
2836:2022
2799:2022
2737:2022
2700:2022
2672:2022
2575:2022
2483:2022
2434:2022
2387:2022
2361:2022
2293:2022
2219:2023
2166:2020
2155:OCLC
2147:ISSN
2125:2023
2094:2022
2027:2023
2002:2022
1977:2022
1951:2022
1929:2022
1904:2022
1836:2014
1808:2014
1749:2022
1715:Oman
1419:The
1367:and
1148:and
1048:and
754:and
743:and
440:and
280:Rank
65:Died
43:Born
3726:doi
2188:VII
1680:in
1626:- (
1618:- (
1332:in
1250:'s
1152:to
1044:to
832:/d
620:'s
533:-2
516:Buc
448:by
224:to
4281::
4252:.
4223:.
4193:.
3978:.
3924:.
3897:.
3871:.
3846:.
3823:^
3787:.
3761:.
3732:.
3724:.
3714:41
3712:.
3708:.
3689:.
3664:.
3638:.
3613:.
3588:.
3562:.
3548:^
3530:.
3505:.
3485:.
3460:.
3449:^
3439:.
3398:^
3388:.
3363:.
3325:.
3296:.
3270:.
3256:^
3234:.
3144:.
3118:.
3112:.
3101:^
3091:.
3061:.
3043:.
3013:.
3002:^
2957:^
2928:.
2902:.
2876:.
2827:.
2790:.
2728:.
2691:.
2680:^
2663:.
2645:.
2627:.
2592:^
2566:.
2523:.
2474:.
2424:.
2413:^
2403:.
2378:.
2332:.
2313:.
2301:^
2285:VI
2283:.
2277:.
2266:^
2239:.
2235:.
2207:.
2186:.
2182:.
2153:.
2141:.
2113:.
2084:.
2062:.
2044:.
2018:.
1993:.
1968:.
1920:.
1890:.
1879:^
1869:.
1844:^
1824:.
1796:.
1773:^
1739:.
1284:.
1225:.
1209:,
1187:.
993:,
898:.
867:,
855:,
848:.
708:.
706:VC
646:.
452:.
424:.
412:.
302:MC
170:m.
149:m.
131:m.
4270:.
4233:.
4203:.
4169:.
4148:.
4114:.
4093:.
4046:.
4011:.
3992:.
3969:.
3936:.
3909:.
3883:.
3857:.
3833:.
3798:.
3773:.
3747:.
3728::
3720::
3675:.
3650:.
3624:.
3599:.
3574:.
3542:.
3516:.
3471:.
3425:.
3374:.
3340:.
3307:.
3281:.
3208:.
3130:.
3120:X
2939:.
2914:.
2888:.
2838:.
2801:.
2739:.
2702:.
2674:.
2577:.
2537:(
2485:.
2436:.
2389:.
2363:.
2295:.
2241:X
2221:.
2168:.
2127:.
2096:.
2029:.
2004:.
1979:.
1953:.
1931:.
1906:.
1856:.
1838:.
1810:.
1757:.
1751:.
1378:.
220:(
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
