876:
1295:
951:
1303:
975:
959:
562:
862:(″Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Keeper″ or ″Keeper of the Sacred (Buffalo) Hat″) must belong to the Só'taeo'o (Northern or Southern alike). In the 1870s tribal leaders became disenchanted with the keeper of the bundle demanded the keeper Broken Dish give up the bundle; he agreed but his wife did not and desecrated the Sacred Hat and its contents; a ceremonial pipe and a buffalo horn were lost. In 1908 a Cheyenne named Three Fingers gave the horn back to the Hat. The pipe came into possession of a Cheyenne named Burnt All Over who gave it to Hattie Goit of
370:
1003:
important role in
Cheyenne government. Society leaders were often in charge of organizing hunts and raids as well as ensuring proper discipline and the enforcement of laws within the nation. Each of the six distinct warrior societies of the Cheyenne took turns leadering the nation. The four original military societies of the Cheyenne were the Swift Fox Society, Elk Horn Scrapper or Crooked Lance Society, Shield Society, and the Bowstring Men Society. The fifth society is split between the Crazy Dog Society and the famous
1764:
1930:
1884:
399:
388:
1779:
1687:
3636:
4871:
4035:
967:
2119:
412:
1167:, although the two languages are not mutually intelligible. The Arapaho remained strong allies with the Cheyenne and helped them fight alongside the Lakota and Dakota during Red Cloud's War and the Great Sioux War of 1876, also known commonly as the Black Hills War. On the Southern Plains, the Arapaho and Cheyenne allied with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache to fight invading settlers and US soldiers.
1896:
1981:
1480:
913:, a non-Native trader and ally, a large portion of the tribe moved further south and stayed around the area. The other part of the tribe continued to live along the headwaters of the North Platte and Yellowstone rivers. The groups became the Southern Cheyenne, or Sówoníă (Southerners), and the Northern Cheyenne, or O'mǐ'sǐs (Eaters). The two divisions maintained regular and close contact.
354:. Tribal enrollment figures, as of late 2014, indicate that there are approximately 10,840 members, of which about 4,939 reside on the reservation. Approximately 91% of the population are Native Americans (full or part race), with 72.8% identifying themselves as Cheyenne. Slightly more than one-quarter of the population five years or older spoke a language other than English. The
1548:: it established a small reservation for the Cheyenne in southeastern Colorado in exchange for the territory agreed to in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. Many Cheyenne did not sign the treaty, and they continued to live and hunt on their traditional grounds in the Smoky Hill and Republican basins, between the Arkansas and the South Platte, where there were plentiful buffalo.
1834:. After the soldiers destroyed the lodges and supplies and confiscated the horses, the Northern Cheyenne soon surrendered. They hoped to remain with the Sioux in the north but the US pressured them to locate with the Southern Cheyenne on their reservation in Indian Territory. After a difficult council, the Northern Cheyenne eventually agreed to go South.
511:, there is no consensus and various origins and translation of the word have been proposed. Grinnell's record is typical and states, "They call themselves Tsistsistas , which the books commonly give as meaning "people". It most likely means related to one another, similarly bred, like us, our people, or us. The term for the Cheyenne homeland is
2166:
A Cheyenne woman has a higher status if she is part of an extended family with distinguished ancestors. Also, if she is friendly and compatible with her female relatives and does not have members in her extended family who are alcoholics or otherwise in disrepute. It is expected of all
Cheyenne women
1673:
There are conflicting claims as to whether the band was hostile or friendly. Historians believe that Chief Black Kettle, head of the band, was not part of the war party but the peace party within the
Cheyenne nation. But, he did not command absolute authority over members of his band and the European
1510:
2107:
Anthropologists debate about
Cheyenne societal organization. On the plains, it appears that they had a bilateral band kinship system. However, some anthropologists reported that the Cheyenne had a matrilineal band system. Studies into whether, and if so, how much the Cheyenne developed a matrilineal
1270:
trails, beginning in the early 1840s, heightened competition with Native
Americans for scarce resources of water and game in arid areas. With resource depletion along the trails, the Cheyenne became increasingly divided into the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne, where they could have adequate
1285:
Perhaps from traders, the cholera epidemic reached the Plains
Indians in 1849, resulting in severe loss of life during the summer of that year. Historians estimate about 2,000 Cheyenne died, one-half to two-thirds of their population. There were significant losses among other tribes as well, which
935:
To the north, the
Cheyenne allied with the Lakota, which allowed them to expand their territory into part of their former lands around the Black Hills. By heading into the Rocky Mountains, they managed to escape the 1837–39 smallpox epidemics that swept across the plains from white settlements but
916:
In the southern portion of their territory, the
Cheyenne and Arapaho warred with the allied Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache. Numerous battles were fought including a notable fight along the Washita River in 1836 with the Kiowa which resulted in the death of 48 Cheyenne warriors of the Bowstring
1341:
To reduce intertribal warfare on the Plains, the government officials "assigned" territories to each tribe and had them pledge mutual peace. In addition, the government secured permission to build and maintain roads for
European-American travelers and traders through Indian country on the Plains,
2380:
Indian agent Thomas S. Twiss in Indian
Affairs 1856 estimated the Cheyenne at 2,000 warriors (therefore around 10,000 people) and 1,000 lodges. Indian Affairs 1875 reported them as 4,228 people. Indian Affairs 1900 counted 3,446 (2,037 Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma and 1,409 Northern Cheyenne in
1174:
when a peaceful encampment of mostly women, children, and the elderly were attacked and massacred by US soldiers. Both major divisions of the Cheyenne, the Northern Cheyenne and Southern Cheyenne were allies to the Arapaho who like the Cheyenne are split into northern and southern divisions. The
1132:
for the US Army, providing valuable tracking skills and information regarding Cheyenne habits and fighting strategies to US soldiers. Some of their enemies such as the Lakota would later in their history become their strong allies, helping the Cheyenne fight against the United States Army during
1002:
evolved. Each society had selected leaders who would invite those that they saw worthy enough to their society lodge for initiation into the society. Often, societies would have minor rivalries; however, they might work together as a unit when warring with an enemy. Military societies played an
1237:
The treaties acknowledged that the tribes lived within the United States, vowed perpetual friendship between the US and the tribes, and, recognizing the right of the United States to regulate trade, the tribes promised to deal only with licensed traders. The tribes agreed to forswear private
894:(Hetanevo'eo'o), which would remain strong throughout their history and into the present. The alliance helped the Cheyenne expand their territory that stretched from southern Montana, through most of Wyoming, the eastern half of Colorado, far western Nebraska, and far western Kansas.
440:), which translates to "those who are like this". The Suhtai, also called the Só'taeo'o, Só'taétaneo'o, Sutaio (singular: Só'taétane) traveled with the Tsétsêhéstâhese and merged with them after 1832. The Suhtai had slightly different speech and customs from the Tsétsêhéstâhese.
1670:. Custer claimed 103 Cheyenne "warriors" and an unspecified number of women and children killed whereas different Cheyenne informants named between 11 and 18 men (mostly 10 Cheyenne, 2 Arapaho, 1 Mexican trader) and between 17 and 25 women and children killed in the village.
990:
people who developed as skilled and powerful mounted warriors. A warrior in Cheyenne society is not a fighter but also a protector, provider, and leader. Warriors gained rank in Cheyenne society by performing and accumulating various acts of bravery in battle known as
1639:
Black Kettle continued to desire peace and did not join in the second raid or in the plan to go north to the Powder River country. He left the large camp and returned with 80 lodges of his tribesmen to the Arkansas River, where he intended to seek peace with the US.
2007:
The traditional Cheyenne government system is a politically unified system. The central traditional government system of the Cheyenne is the Arrow Keeper, followed by the Council of Forty-Four. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes, known as the
1440:
would prevent the soldiers' guns from firing. They were told that if they dipped their hands in a nearby spring, they had only to raise their hands to repel army bullets. Hands raised, the Cheyenne surrounded the advancing troops as they advanced near the
901:, and on the Arkansas River. The Cheyenne likely hunted and traded in Denver much earlier. They may have migrated to the south for winter. The Hairy Rope band is reputed to have been the first band to move south, capturing wild horses as far south as the
1972:, land which they consider sacred. The Cheyenne also managed to retain their culture, religion and language. Today, the Northern Cheyenne Nation is one of the few American Indian nations to have control over the majority of its land base, currently 98%.
537:(common spelling: Tsisinstsistots). Approximately 800 people speak Cheyenne in Oklahoma. There are only a handful of vocabulary differences between the two locations. The Cheyenne alphabet contains 14 letters. The Cheyenne language is one of the larger
1390:), resulted in the wounding of a Cheyenne warrior. He returned to the Cheyenne on the plains. During the summer of 1856, Indians attacked travelers along the Emigrant Trail near Fort Kearny. In retaliation, the US Cavalry attacked a Cheyenne camp on
1452:, then a young lieutenant, was shot in the breast while attacking a Cheyenne warrior with a sabre. The troops continued on and two days later burned a hastily abandoned Cheyenne camp; they destroyed lodges and the winter supply of buffalo meat.
366:, in western Oklahoma. Their combined population is 12,130, as of 2008. In 2003, approximately 8,000 of these identified themselves as Cheyenne, although with continuing intermarriage it has become increasingly difficult to separate the tribes.
1830:, they formed the core of the Powder River Expedition. It departed in October 1876 to locate the northern Cheyenne villages. On November 25, 1876, his column discovered and defeated a village of Northern Cheyenne in the Dull Knife Fight in
1782:
Cheyenne prisoners in Kansas involved in escape northward. From left to right: Tangle Hair, Wild Hog, Strong Left Hand, George Reynolds (interpreter), Old Crow, Noisy Walker, Porcupine, and Blacksmith. All prisoners were released free from
1007:. The sixth society is the Contrary Warrior Society, most notable for riding backward into battle as a sign of bravery. All six societies and their various branches exist among the Southern and Northern Cheyenne nations in present times.
2099:
Each of the ten bands had four seated chief delegates; the remaining four chiefs were the principal advisers of the other delegates. Smaller bands or sub-bands had no right to send delegates to the council. This system also regulated the
917:
society. In summer 1838, many Cheyenne and Arapaho attacked a camp of Kiowa and Comanche along Wolf Creek in Oklahoma resulting in heavy losses from both sides. Among the losses were White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows and
4460:
1862:. When they said no, they were then locked in the wooden barracks with no food, water or firewood for heat for four days. Most escaped in an estimated forty degrees below zero on January 9, 1879, but all were recaptured or killed.
866:
who in 1911 gave the pipe to the Oklahoma Historical Society. In 1997 the Oklahoma Historal Society negotiated with the Northern Cheyenne to return the pipe to the tribal keeper of the Sacred Medicine Hat Bundle James Black Wolf.
3499:
6199:
310:
of present-day Montana and Wyoming, they introduced the horse culture to Lakota people around 1730. The main group of Cheyenne, the Tsêhéstáno, was once composed of ten bands that spread across the Great Plains from southern
1459:. To punish the Cheyenne, he distributed their annuities to the Arapaho. He intended further punitive actions, but the Army ordered him to Utah because of an outbreak of trouble with the Mormons (this would be known as the
1128:. Many of the enemies the Cheyenne fought were only encountered occasionally, such as on a long-distance raid or hunt. Some of their enemies, particularly the Eastern Plains tribe such as the Pawnee and Osage would act as
4592:
1445:. Sumner ordered a cavalry charge and the troops charged with drawn sabers; the Cheyenne fled. With tired horses after long marches, the cavalry could not engage more than a few Cheyenne, as their horses were fresh.
2167:
to be hardworking, chaste, modest, skilled in traditional crafts, knowledgeable about Cheyenne culture and history and speak Cheyenne fluently. Tribal powwow princesses are expected to have these characteristics.
1186:
The Northern Arapaho were to be assigned a reservation of their own or share one with the Cheyenne; however, the US federal government failed to provide them with either and placed them on the already established
685:
visited a surviving Cheyenne village in what is now North Dakota. Such European explorers learned many different names for the Cheyenne and did not realize how the different sections were forming a unified tribe.
1429:. Sumner's command went west along the North Platte to Fort Laramie, then down along the Front Range to the South Platte. The combined force of 400 troops went east through the plains searching for Cheyenne.
1853:
and reaching the northern area, they split into two bands. That led by Dull Knife (mostly women, children and elders) surrendered and were taken to Fort Robinson, where subsequent events became known as the
1953:
extended the reservation to the west bank of the Tongue River, making a total of 444,157 acres (1,797 km). Those who had homesteaded east of the Tongue River were relocated to the west of the river.
787:
power. The Sacred Buffalo Hat and the Sacred Arrows together form the two great covenants of the Cheyenne Nation. Through these two bundles, Ma'heo'o assures continual life and blessings for the people.
1837:
When the Northern Cheyenne arrived at Indian Territory, conditions were very difficult: rations were inadequate, there were no buffalo near the reservation and, according to several sources, there was
2372:
This is reserved for notible figures of the Cheyenne people, this includes Northern and Southern Cheyenne peoples. Please communicate within the talk section to add or remove notible tribal figures.
1567:. General warfare broke out and Indians made many raids on the trail along the South Platte, which Denver depended on for supplies. The Army closed the road from August 15 until September 24, 1864.
1961:
were finally allowed to return to the Tongue River on their own reservation. Along with the Lakota and Apache, the Cheyenne were the last nations to be overpowered and forced on reservations. (The
1733:
was approximately 10,000, making it one of the largest gatherings of Native Americans in North America in pre-reservation times. News of the event traveled across the United States and reached
2294:
or "Making Medicine," Southern Cheyenne (1847–1931), veteran of the Red River War, Fort Marion prisoner of war, ledger artist, deacon of Whirlwind Mission, sun dancer, canonized saint in the
1593:, as it came to be known, resulted in the death of between 150 and 200 Cheyenne, mostly unarmed women and children. The survivors fled northeast and joined the camps of the Cheyenne on the
936:
were greatly affected by the 1849 cholera epidemic. Contact with Euro-Americans was mostly light, with most contact involving mountain men, traders, explorers, treaty makers, and painters.
4735:
875:
3508:
2203:
1888:
248:
1282:. It spread in mining camps and waterways due to poor sanitation. The disease was generally a major cause of death for emigrants, about one-tenth of whom died during their journeys.
4795:
4765:
4714:
4577:
4541:
274:
and by the mid-19th century, the US government forced them onto reservations. At the time of their first European contact in the 16th century, the Cheyenne lived in what is now
1141:. The Comanche, Kiowa and Plains Apache became allies of the Cheyenne towards the end of the Indian wars on the Southern Plains, fighting together during conflicts such as the
928:
in the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles and northeastern New Mexico to hunt bison and trade. Their expansion in the south and alliance with the Kiowa led to their first raid into
5885:
4470:
1038:
1674:
Americans did not understand this. When younger members of the band took part in raiding parties, European Americans blamed the entire band for the incidents and casualties.
5267:
4704:
4465:
4859:
4805:
4800:
4694:
4689:
4455:
4669:
2146:
other tribes. The women tanned and dressed hides for clothing, shelter, and other uses. They also gathered roots, berries, and other useful plants. From the products of
2743:
1159:
The Cheyenne and Arapaho formed an alliance around 1811 that helped them expand their territories and strengthen their presence on the plains. Like the Cheyenne, the
4826:
4780:
4475:
631:
in 1676. A more recent analysis of early records posits that at least some of the Cheyenne remained in the Mille Lac region of Minnesota until about 1765, when the
4760:
3980:
3624:
1529:
and some emigrants stopped before going on to California. For several years there was peace between settlers and Indians. The only conflicts were related to the
507:
The etymology of the name Tsitsistas (Tsétsėhéstȧhese), which the Cheyenne call themselves, is uncertain. According to the Cheyenne dictionary offered online by
1914:), including Little Wolf, settled near the fort. Many of the Cheyenne worked with the army as scouts. The Cheyenne scouts were pivotal in helping the Army find
4023:
1525:, European-American settlers moved into lands reserved for the Cheyenne and other Plains Indians. Travel greatly increased along the Emigrant Trail along the
924:
Conflict with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache ended in 1840 when the tribes allied with each other. The new alliance allowed the Cheyenne to enter the
4495:
4440:
4129:
1098:
759:
Sweet Medicine is the Cheyenne prophet who predicted the coming of the horse, the cow, the white man, and other new things to the Cheyenne. He was named for
4837:
2150:, the women also made lodges, clothing, and other equipment. Their lives were active and physically demanding. The Cheyenne held territory in and near the
1729:
and much of his 7th Cavalry contingent of soldiers. Historians have estimated that the population of the Cheyenne, Lakota and Arapaho encampment along the
1612:. The Indians made numerous raids along the South Platte, both east and west of Julesburg, and raided the fort again in early February. They captured much
1234:, and several bands of the Lakota and Dakota. At that time, the US had competition on the upper Missouri from British traders, who came south from Canada.
5646:
1238:
retaliation for injuries, and to return stolen horses or other goods or compensate the owner. The commission's efforts to contact the Blackfoot and the
3602:
890:
After being pushed south and westward by the Lakota, the Cheyenne began to establish new territory. Around 1811, the Cheyenne formally allied with the
5260:
4810:
4001:
1662:. Although his band was camped on a defined reservation, complying with the government's orders, some of its members had been linked to raiding into
1061:(Vóhkoohétaneo'o – "rabbit people") to the north and west of Cheyenne territory. By the help of the Medicine Arrows (the Mahuts), the Cheyenne tribe
323:. In the mid-19th century, the bands began to split, with some bands choosing to remain near the Black Hills, while others chose to remain near the
5602:
4852:
4785:
4775:
4490:
2404:
1997:
2490:
712:
The Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas prophet Motsé'eóeve (Sweet Medicine Standing, Sweet Root Standing, commonly called Sweet Medicine) received the
2688:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To "The Great Sioux War Of 1876"
4485:
4480:
1298:
Arapaho and Cheyenne 1851 treaty territory. (Area 426 and 477). Area 477 is the reserve established by treaty of Fort Wise, February 18, 1861.
1242:
were unsuccessful. During their return to Fort Atkinson at the Council Bluff in Nebraska, the commission had successful negotiations with the
4567:
4526:
4505:
1616:
and killed many European Americans. Most of the Indians moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River. (See
3507:. Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units. Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee, Montana Office of Public Instruction. 2006. Archived from
1922:
in northern Montana. Fort Keogh became a staging and gathering point for the Northern Cheyenne. Many families began to migrate south to the
6209:
5253:
4699:
932:
in 1853. The raid ended in disaster with heavy resistance from Mexican lancers, resulting in all but three of the war party being killed.
2896:
6589:
6584:
6569:
4845:
3617:
267:
2024:
or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne". The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten principal bands:
1841:
among the people. On 9 September 1878, a portion of the Northern Cheyenne, led by Little Wolf and Dull Knife started their trek back to
1286:
weakened their social structures. Perhaps because of severe loss of trade during the 1849 season, Bent's Fort was abandoned and burned.
670:
bands (Ho'óhomo'eo'o). Conflict with migrating Lakota and Ojibwe people forced the Cheyenne further west, and they, in turn, pushed the
6579:
5521:
4875:
4016:
6574:
5074:
6316:
5762:
5553:
995:. The title of war chief could be earned by any warrior who performs enough of the specific coups required to become a war chief.
5639:
3232:
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1–55, page 6
3131:
2000:. They migrated west in the 18th century and hunted bison on the Great Plains. By the mid-19th century, the US forced them onto
658:
people (Ónoneo'o), adopting many of their cultural characteristics. They were first of the later Plains tribes to move into the
3610:
2591:
1354:
to guard them. The tribes were compensated with annuities of cash and supplies for such encroachment on their territories. The
422:
1436:
White Bull (also called Ice) and Grey Beard (also called Dark), the Cheyenne went into battle believing that strong spiritual
6104:
5276:
4009:
3985:
3268:
3104:
2915:
1988:
Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles. In the 16th century, they lived in the regions near the
1758:
500:-language bands as "white talkers", and those of other language families, such as the Algonquian Cheyenne, as "red talkers" (
194:
190:
4867:
2456:
1945:
November 16, 1884. It excluded Cheyenne who had homesteaded further east near the Tongue River. The western boundary is the
5094:
1938:
1878:
1563:, began a series of attacks on Indians camping or hunting on the plains. They killed any Indian on sight and initiated the
351:
5469:
5014:
4887:
4674:
4572:
1858:. Dull Knife's group was first offered food and firewood and then, after a week and a half, they were told to go back to
3632:
5632:
5034:
4039:
3641:
3537:
3492:
3466:
3418:
3396:
3384:
3008:
2398:
1850:
1787:
Following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the US Army increased attempts to capture the Cheyenne. In 1879, after the
4031:
1721:, which took place on June 25, 1876. The Cheyenne, together with the Lakota, other Sioux warriors and a small band of
6523:
5772:
4959:
4904:
4899:
4597:
4241:
4074:
3097:
3001:
2908:
181:
6564:
4649:
4618:
2295:
2118:
1129:
5245:
728:, northwest of Rapid City, South Dakota, which they carried when they waged tribal-level war and were kept in the
6502:
6482:
4679:
3740:
2708:
Not to be confused with the Bear Butte, near Fort Meade, South Dakota, which was called Náhkȯhévose ("bear hill")
1899:
1307:
1294:
1203:
In the summer of 1825, the tribe was visited on the Upper Missouri River by a US treaty commission consisting of
902:
1601:
rivers. There warriors smoked the war pipe, passing it from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho.
1437:
541:
group. Formerly, the Só'taeo'o (Só'taétaneo'o) or Suhtai (Sutaio) bands of Southern and Northern Cheyenne spoke
6392:
5547:
4562:
3891:
3852:
3659:
3562:
3363:
3334:
1552:
1406:
1326:. His efforts to negotiate with the Northern Cheyenne, the Arapaho and other tribes led to a great council at
950:
697:(better known as Suhtai or Sutaio). The latter merged with the Tsétsêhéstâhese in the mid-19th century. Their
573:
The earliest written record of the Cheyenne was in the mid-17th century, when a group of Cheyenne visited the
6122:
5747:
5610:
5495:
5490:
5169:
4684:
4409:
4404:
3325:
2147:
1958:
1866:
1355:
1188:
823:(new term) ("Sacred Hat Lodge, Sacred Hat Tepee"). Erect Horns gave them the accompanying ceremonies and the
752:) and an additional four ″Old Man″ meetings to deliberate at regular tribal gatherings, centered around the
6507:
6056:
5807:
5802:
5752:
5692:
5564:
4236:
3426:
3284:
2355:
1822:
As part of a US increase in troops following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Army reassigned Colonel
1718:
1315:
1302:
1062:
764:
2384:
Cheyenne population has rebounded in the 20th and 21st centuries. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 22,979.
1448:
This was the first battle that the Cheyenne fought against the US Army. Casualties were few on each side;
1330:
in 1851. Treaties were negotiated by a commission consisting of Fitzpatrick and David Dawson Mitchell, US
6544:
5919:
5737:
5697:
5049:
4924:
4709:
4124:
2393:
2322:
2281:
2199:
2151:
2101:
1410:
1180:
999:
962:
Ledger drawing showing a battle between a Cheyenne warrior (right) and an Osage or Pawnee warrior (left).
945:
733:
639:
with firearms — pushing the Cheyenne, in turn, to the Minnesota River, where they were reported in 1766.
363:
236:
103:
2519:
2424:
6559:
5924:
5854:
5817:
5614:
5559:
5537:
5367:
4984:
4934:
4297:
3413:, ed. Savoie Lottinville, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968. Reprint, trade paperback, 1983.
2487:
2287:
682:
228:
17:
3358:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956. (original copyright 1915, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons).
974:
958:
6081:
6076:
6071:
5995:
5944:
5890:
4954:
4939:
4373:
4322:
3134:: Our Land, Our History, Our Culture", Chief Dull Knife College. Page 30. Accessed September 20, 2009
884:
827:. His vision convinced the tribe to abandon their earlier sedentary agricultural traditions to adopt
35:
5443:
6554:
6366:
6361:
6326:
6276:
6204:
5964:
5812:
5199:
5064:
5054:
5019:
4445:
4307:
4213:
3761:
2336:
2125:
1846:
1842:
1750:
1503:
1331:
1215:
1204:
970:
Ledger drawing of a mounted Cheyenne warrior counting coup with lance on a dismounted Crow warrior.
508:
115:
1053:(Hestóetaneo'o – "beggars for meat", "spongers" or Môhónooneo'o – lit. "scouting all over ones"),
954:
Ledger drawing by Hubble Big Horse showing a battle between Cheyenne warriors and Mexican lancers.
6492:
6301:
6286:
6224:
6194:
6131:
6126:
6041:
5979:
5969:
5949:
5827:
5777:
5516:
5500:
5296:
4994:
4208:
4114:
2241:
2237:
1946:
1726:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1633:
1629:
1560:
1391:
1214:, accompanied by a military escort of 476 men. General Atkinson and his fellow commissioner left
1138:
749:
677:
By 1776, the Lakota had overwhelmed the Cheyenne and taken over much of their territory near the
419:
6594:
6423:
6402:
6351:
6321:
6311:
6184:
6066:
6010:
6000:
5939:
5934:
5362:
4969:
4964:
4770:
4750:
4730:
3945:
3745:
3664:
2872:
2276:, Northern Só'taeo'o chief and Sweet Medicine Chief, was one of the "Old Man" chiefs among the
1933:
Map of Indian Reservations in the state of Montana including the Northern Cheyenne Reservation.
1923:
1698:
1366:
and the Arkansas. This territory included what is now Colorado, east of the Front Range of the
119:
3596:
227:); the tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two
6487:
6461:
6356:
6346:
6291:
6281:
6189:
6015:
6005:
5974:
5782:
5707:
4587:
4363:
4218:
3990:
2277:
2233:
1855:
1754:
1621:
1034:
737:
1581:
On November 29, 1864, the Colorado Militia attacked a Cheyenne and Arapaho encampment under
6435:
6376:
6371:
6336:
6331:
6046:
5929:
5831:
5717:
5687:
5590:
5542:
4979:
4628:
4424:
4368:
4353:
4160:
3909:
3870:
3320:
3305:
2247:
1800:
1771:
1730:
1625:
1483:
1471:
country. In the fall, the Northern Cheyenne returned to their country north of the Platte.
1351:
1275:
1211:
1164:
663:
538:
493:
470:
307:
260:
5624:
2687:
1811:, with 300 Cheyenne. The Cheyenne wanted and expected to live on the reservation with the
1397:
Cheyenne parties attacked at least three emigrant settler parties before returning to the
619:, where they established villages. The most prominent of the ancient Cheyenne villages is
8:
6341:
6051:
6036:
5712:
5580:
5448:
5204:
4740:
3955:
3899:
3865:
3781:
1911:
1823:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1590:
1576:
1545:
1175:
Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho were assigned to the same reservation in Oklahoma
1171:
561:
462:
415:
2823:
Hyde, George E.: Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters. Norman, 1987. Pp. 25–26.
2595:
1902:, a Northern Cheyenne chief who received the rank of sergeant in the United States Army.
709:
who received divine articles from their god Ma'heo'o, whom the Só'taeo'o called He'emo.
6306:
6061:
5959:
5954:
5606:
5453:
5352:
5154:
5134:
5044:
4419:
4337:
4287:
4185:
4155:
3950:
3443:
2381:
Montana and South Dakota). The 1910 census counted 3,055. In 1921 they numbered 3,281.
2348:, also known as Ónonevóo'xénéhe (Ree Roman Nose) or Mȧsėhávoo'xénéhe (Crazy Roman Nose)
2185:
2001:
1582:
1526:
1522:
1426:
1363:
1239:
1134:
1054:
1050:
979:
858:("Sacred Buffalo Hat") is kept among the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Só'taeo'o. The
604:
320:
143:
30:
This article is about the Native American people. For the capital city of Wyoming, see
2630:
2547:
897:
By 1820, American traders and explorers reported contact with Cheyenne at present-day
603:
According to tribal history, during the 17th century, the Cheyenne were driven by the
6549:
6171:
6020:
5722:
5179:
5164:
5149:
5129:
5124:
4790:
4755:
4745:
4521:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4094:
3919:
3837:
3771:
3558:
3533:
3488:
3472:
3462:
3414:
3392:
3380:
3359:
3330:
3100:
3093:
3004:
2997:
2911:
2904:
2142:
While they participated in nomadic Plains horse culture, men hunted and occasionally
1942:
1831:
1487:
1414:
1011:
620:
585:
574:
530:
524:
355:
256:
244:
232:
95:
31:
3375:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923. 2 volumes; trade paperback, reprints:
3273:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 451.
732:(Arrow Lodge or Arrow Tepee). He organized the structure of Cheyenne society, their
369:
6407:
6296:
6234:
6179:
5869:
5757:
5682:
5357:
5275:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5159:
5144:
5139:
5109:
5104:
5084:
4929:
4378:
4332:
4292:
4282:
4272:
3904:
3875:
3832:
3822:
3704:
3435:
1950:
1859:
1788:
1734:
1667:
1598:
1594:
1398:
1176:
1160:
1042:
898:
863:
581:
566:
381:
158:
99:
3590:
6466:
6417:
5864:
5792:
5742:
5485:
5372:
5214:
5194:
5119:
5004:
4949:
4919:
4623:
4414:
4388:
4358:
4267:
4257:
3914:
3776:
3719:
3694:
3527:
3456:
3370:
3349:
Washita, The Southern Cheyenne and the U.S. Army. Campaigns and Commanders Series
3218:
2560:
2494:
2460:
2453:
2303:(d. 1847), daughter of White Thunder (keeper of the Medicine Arrows) and wife of
2143:
2104:
that developed for planning warfare, enforcing rules, and conducting ceremonies.
1919:
1763:
1556:
1530:
1495:
1387:
1367:
1192:
1030:
589:
577:
444:
6413:
6245:
6218:
5859:
5767:
5702:
5438:
5234:
5189:
5184:
5114:
5079:
4557:
4277:
4170:
4064:
3880:
3842:
3827:
3812:
2846:
2198:
Please list 20th and 21st-century Cheyenne people under their specific tribes,
1826:
and his Fourth Cavalry to the Department of the Platte. Stationed initially at
1456:
1422:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1183:
after the reservation was opened to American settlement and into modern times.
1154:
1117:
1046:
1015:
925:
906:
891:
844:
768:
698:
628:
624:
287:
271:
2903:, University of California Press (March 15, 1997), trade paperback, 562 pages
1929:
286:. By the early 18th century, they were forced west by other tribes across the
6538:
6441:
6260:
6255:
6239:
6117:
5797:
5732:
5309:
5059:
5029:
5024:
4909:
4602:
4531:
4317:
4109:
3960:
3714:
3090:
In Dull Knife's Wake: The True Story of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878,
2773:
1827:
1796:
1449:
1442:
1418:
1247:
1219:
1142:
1125:
1109:
1074:
1070:
1066:
992:
987:
880:
832:
800:
717:
702:
667:
636:
398:
336:
299:
283:
74:
3476:
2280:, belonged to the Elk Horn Scrapers (Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original
1968:
The Northern Cheyenne were given the right to remain in the north, near the
1883:
1778:
600:, which lived in the prairies 70 to 80 miles west of the Cheyenne villages.
387:
335:
to the Southern Plains. In turn, they were pushed west by the more numerous
315:
to the Black Hills in South Dakota. They fought their historic enemies, the
6497:
6429:
6214:
6161:
6141:
5787:
5727:
5659:
5413:
5408:
5284:
5174:
5009:
4999:
4664:
4659:
4383:
4175:
4165:
4099:
4051:
3924:
3860:
3817:
3804:
3766:
3709:
2832:
Dorsey, George A.: "How the Pawnee Captured the Cheyenne Medicine Arrows."
2332:
2304:
2221:
2155:
1915:
1816:
1564:
1541:
1514:
1433:
1402:
1359:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1208:
1113:
1094:
1004:
910:
642:
On the Missouri River, the Cheyenne came into contact with the neighboring
616:
324:
295:
291:
123:
3584:
701:
relays that both tribal peoples are characterized, and represented by two
492:
is "a bit like the alien speech" (literally, "red-talker"). According to
6229:
6146:
5655:
5393:
5324:
5280:
4654:
4450:
4302:
4119:
4104:
2991:
2265:
2211:
2109:
1989:
1969:
1792:
1767:
1222:
of friendship and trade with tribes of the upper Missouri, including the
1086:
1026:
808:
678:
659:
651:
608:
316:
303:
266:
Over the past 400 years, the Cheyenne have changed their lifestyles from
3525:
1799:, a few Cheyenne chiefs and their people surrendered as well. They were
1686:
1386:
In April 1856, an incident at the Platte River Bridge (near present-day
6397:
5822:
5677:
5585:
5433:
4974:
4644:
4500:
4327:
3724:
2498:
Oklahoma History Center's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
2351:
2310:
2255:
1907:
1808:
1738:
1586:
1534:
1267:
1243:
1105:
1082:
725:
3447:
1937:
The US established the Tongue River Indian Reservation, now named the
1803:, Standing Elk and Wild Hog with around 130 Cheyenne. Later that year
966:
839:
and switched their diet from fish and agricultural produce, to mainly
6156:
6151:
6136:
5403:
5398:
5388:
4312:
4089:
3929:
2360:
2341:
2328:
2300:
2215:
2129:
1993:
1804:
1608:
with about 1000 warriors on Camp Rankin, a stage station and fort at
1509:
918:
824:
753:
612:
593:
553:(Cheyenne language), that it is sometimes termed a Cheyenne dialect.
362:
meaning "Roped People", together with the Southern Arapaho, form the
275:
139:
1551:
Efforts to make a wider peace continued, but in the spring of 1864,
6250:
4944:
4879:
4870:
4084:
4069:
4043:
4034:
3699:
3645:
3635:
3439:
3285:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Cheyenne People in the US"
3127:
3125:
2204:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
2176:
1962:
1889:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1468:
1460:
1371:
1090:
1019:
392:
312:
249:
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
240:
223:
82:
3578:
3552:
3501:
Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today
2509:
Walker, James R. & DeMallie, Raymond J. "Lakota Society" 1992.
1104:
South of Cheyenne territory they fought with the Kiowa, Comanche,
843:
and wild fruits and vegetables. Their lands ranged from the upper
736:
led by prominent warriors, their system of legal justice, and the
5663:
5319:
5314:
5288:
5069:
4262:
4059:
3689:
2734:. New Series, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec. 1910): 542–575, p. 556.
2523:
2428:
1838:
1722:
1613:
1279:
1223:
848:
706:
655:
647:
411:
328:
279:
252:
135:
78:
42:
3122:
1517:
of the Southern Cheyenne, an advocate of peace among his people.
791:
The Só'taeo'o prophet Tomȯsévėséhe ("Erect Horns") received the
5209:
5039:
3529:
A Cheyenne Voice: The complete John Stands in Timber interviews
3485:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.]
3461:. The peoples of America. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
1980:
1895:
1663:
1394:. They killed ten Cheyenne warriors and wounded eight or more.
1375:
1263:
1259:
1227:
1121:
929:
921:
father), Flat-War-Club (Cheyenne), and Sleeping Wolf (Kiowa).
784:
689:
The Cheyenne tribes today descend from two related tribes, the
643:
632:
497:
447:
2730:
Grinnell, George Bird: "The Great Mysteries of the Cheyenne."
2417:
2236:
and chief of the Wotapio band of Southern Cheyenne, killed by
2183:
is used for dizziness and weakness. They give dried leaves of
1965:
tribe of Florida never made a treaty with the US government.)
473:
related to Cree and Cheyenne. The Cheyenne name for Ojibwe is
5329:
4989:
4914:
4582:
4536:
4139:
4134:
4079:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
2180:
1941:, of 371,200 acres (1,502 km) by the executive order of
1812:
1479:
1464:
1231:
1078:
840:
828:
671:
597:
332:
2901:
American Indian treaties: the history of a political anomaly
2836:, New Series. Vol. 5 (Oct. – Dec. 1903), No. 4, pp. 644–658.
1604:
In January 1865, they planned and carried out a retaliatory
1405:
negotiated with the Cheyenne to reduce hostilities, but the
5654:
3389:
The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 2: War, Ceremonies, and Religion
2994:– Caught Between The Worlds Of The Indian And The White Man
1957:
The Northern Cheyenne, who were sharing the Lakota land at
1058:
986:
Like many other Plains Indian nations, the Cheyenne were a
836:
776:
466:
164:
3063:
161:
2317:, Northern Cheyenne, legendary war hero and chief of the
1741:. Public reaction arose in outrage against the Cheyenne.
1218:
on May 16, 1825. Ascending the Missouri, they negotiated
1065:. To the east of Cheyenne Territory they fought with the
170:
6210:
Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (1893–1947)
3404:
Webs of Kinship: Family in Northern Cheyenne Nationhood.
2996:, Da Capo Press (March 15, 2005), hardcover, 458 pages,
2988:
Page 97-98, David Fridtjof Halaas and Andrew E. Masich,
2594:. Cheyenne Language Web Site. 2002-03-03. Archived from
1413:
to carry out a punitive expedition under the command of
3981:
List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado
3043:
3041:
1872:
1589:
and indicated its allegiance to the US government. The
1533:
between the Cheyenne and Arapaho of the plains and the
1374:, south of the North Platte River; and extreme western
3424:
Kroeber, A L (July–September 1900). "Cheyenne Tales".
1865:
Eventually the US forced the Northern Cheyenne onto a
1417:. He went against the Cheyenne in the spring of 1857.
350:
meaning "Eaters", live in southeastern Montana on the
4130:
Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska
3351:, vol. 3. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 9
2645:
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, pp. 15–16
2512:
2189:
to horses for urinary troubles and for a sore mouth.
1992:. They farmed corn, squash, and beans, and harvested
182:
173:
3372:
The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Ways of Life
3038:
3027:
3025:
2137:
1819:, which both Dull Knife and Little Wolf had signed.
1306:
Cheyenne warrior Alights on the Cloud in his armor.
4593:
Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site
2975:
2973:
2454:
Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.
1926:watershed area, where they established homesteads.
1658:and his troops attacked Black Kettle's band at the
1358:affirmed the Cheyenne and Arapaho territory on the
496:, the Lakota had referred to themselves and fellow
342:The Northern Cheyenne, known in Cheyenne either as
167:
3150:
1984:Cheyenne courting scenes, by Big Back, before 1882
1544:and other Cheyenne favoring peace resulted in the
1179:and remained together as the federally recognized
1170:The Arapaho were present with the Cheyenne at the
982:horned headdress, symbol of the Crazy Dog Society.
767:), one of the sacred plant medicines used by many
27:Native American Indian tribe from the Great Plains
3526:John Stands In Timber and Margot Liberty (2013).
3377:The Cheyenne Indians, Vol. 1: History and Society
3022:
2671:Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co., 1999, p. 18
1381:
1310:during an attack on a Pawnee hunting camp in 1852
1258:Increased traffic of emigrants along the related
1101:during an attack on a hunting camp around 1830.
835:. They replaced their earth lodges with portable
6536:
5603:History of Native Americans in the United States
2970:
2877:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
2618:Native American Place Names of the United States
2573:
2571:
2405:The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways
1998:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
1253:
1148:
1099:The Pawnee captured the Cheyenne's Sacred Arrows
1845:. After fighting battles with the U.S. army at
1677:
1037:(Mo'ôhtávêhahtátaneo'o, same literal meaning),
879:Chief Wolf-on-the-Hill (Cheyenne), portrait by
592:. Their economy was based on the collection of
529:The Cheyenne of Montana and Oklahoma speak the
3329:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
3317:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
2959:
2957:
2955:
2629:Chief Dull Knife College, Cheyenne Dictionary
2620:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pg. 95
2192:
1463:). The Cheyenne moved below the Arkansas into
1289:
939:
740:peace chiefs. The latter was formed from four
584:. The Cheyenne at this time lived between the
5640:
5261:
4853:
4568:Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital
4017:
3618:
3411:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
2719:Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters
2568:
2218:, warrior, interpreter and Cheyenne historian
1815:in accordance to an April 29, 1868 treaty of
1370:and north of the Arkansas River; Wyoming and
1041:(Kȧhkoestséataneo'o – "flat-headed-people"),
6200:Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (1876–1887)
3532:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
2945:
2943:
2941:
2592:"What is the origin of the word "Cheyenne"?"
2542:
2540:
1010:Warriors used a combination of weapons from
3553:Wooden Leg & Thomas B. Marquis (1931).
2952:
2681:
2679:
2677:
1744:
905:Valley. In response to the construction of
666:. About 1730, they introduced the horse to
6393:Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957)
6132:Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876)
5647:
5633:
5522:Sitting Bull Crystal Cavern Dance Pavilion
5268:
5254:
4860:
4846:
4024:
4010:
3625:
3611:
3270:Primitive society and its vital statistics
2826:
2367:
1643:
1559:, commander of the Colorado Volunteers, a
978:Ledger drawing of a Cheyenne warrior with
870:
6205:Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (1876–1887)
5501:Black Hills War (Great Sioux War of 1876)
3406:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3310:. Lame Deer, MT: Chief Dull Knife College
3300:Ambler, Marjane; Little Bear, Richard E;
3266:
2938:
2537:
2179:of the pulverized leaves and blossoms of
1737:, just as the nation was celebrating its
1191:in Wyoming with their former enemies the
1045:(Otaesétaneo'o – "pierced nose people"),
1025:The enemies of the Cheyenne included the
744:(chiefs or leaders) of the ten principal
346:, meaning "Northern Eaters" or simply as
5763:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
5554:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
3342:Mackenzie's Last Fight with the Cheyenne
3084:
3082:
2990:Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story Of
2808:
2799:
2674:
2344:, Northern Cheyenne Chief, in Cheyenne:
2321:(Hémo'eoxeso), one of the four original
1979:
1928:
1894:
1882:
1777:
1762:
1654:Four years later, on November 27, 1868,
1508:
1478:
1474:
1301:
1293:
973:
965:
957:
949:
874:
813:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e (Sacred Buffalo Hat)
560:
410:
397:
386:
368:
4827:Native American place names in Nebraska
3555:Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer
3487:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
3423:
2790:
2623:
2354:, Northern Cheyenne, warrior fought at
851:, Montana, Colorado, and South Dakota.
811:in the present state of Minnesota. The
650:(Tsé-heše'émâheónese, "people who have
418:, former director and cofounder of the
402:Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860
14:
6537:
2363:, chief, Southern Cheyenne, peacemaker
2262:, Head chief of the Northern Cheyenne)
1570:
1555:, governor of Colorado Territory, and
783:(Sacred Buffalo Hat) is the symbol of
488:Another of the common etymologies for
423:National Museum of the American Indian
222:
5628:
5249:
4841:
4005:
3986:List of prehistoric sites in Colorado
3606:
3454:
3199:, Vol. 1, pp. 63–71, 127–129, 247–311
3079:
2553:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2448:
2446:
2375:
1759:Murder trial of seven Cheyenne (1879)
1029:(Óoetaneo'o – "crow (bird) people"),
1018:, and bows and arrows, and lances to
443:The name "Cheyenne" derives from the
191:Indigenous people of the Great Plains
1939:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1879:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1873:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
1717:The Northern Cheyenne fought in the
1681:
1022:acquired through raiding and trade.
623:, in eastern North Dakota along the
477:, a word that sounds similar to the
352:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
69:Regions with significant populations
64:(Northern: 10,840; Southern: 12,130)
4791:Fontenelle Forest Historic District
4675:Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site
2685:
2550:2007-09-05. Retrieved June 10, 2013
2258:, a translation of his Lakota name
2158:from Dakota to the Arkansas River.
807:(″Stone Hammer Mountain″) near the
724:(″medicine(sacred)-hill″, name for
24:
6590:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
6585:Native American tribes in Nebraska
6570:Native American tribes in Colorado
5175:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
3599:, Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
3294:
2870:
2466:
2443:
2399:Native American tribes in Nebraska
1421:led part of the expedition up the
25:
6606:
6580:Native American tribes in Montana
6524:Mount Rushmore in popular culture
5773:Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument
4598:Carlisle Indian Industrial School
4242:Nebraska Indian Community College
4075:Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska
3572:
3344:. New York: Argonaut Press, 1966.
3132:"WE, THE NORTHERN CHEYENNE PEOPLE
3092:Horse Creek Publications (2003),
2520:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website"
2425:"Northern Cheyenne Tribe website"
2138:Horse culture on the Great Plains
2020:, unified themselves to form the
1774:, chiefs of the Northern Cheyenne
1502:), Chief of Northern Cheyenne at
1198:
6575:Native American tribes in Kansas
4869:
4033:
3634:
3557:. University of Nebraska Press.
3307:We, The Northern Cheyenne People
2117:
1685:
1425:, and via Fountain Creek to the
1332:Superintendent of Indian Affairs
278:. They were close allies of the
157:
4796:Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites
4680:Frank Parker Archeological Site
3741:Southern Ute Indian Reservation
3277:
3260:
3235:
3226:
3211:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3163:
3137:
3109:
3050:
3013:
2982:
2929:
2920:
2890:
2864:
2839:
2817:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2744:Reading Eagle November 26, 1997
2737:
2724:
2711:
2702:
2690:. Friends of the Little Bighorn
2661:
2648:
2635:
2610:
775:(Sacred Arrows) are symbols of
469:or another people who spoke an
428:The Cheyenne called themselves
5548:The Journey Museum and Gardens
4766:Farwell Archeological District
4563:Genoa Indian Industrial School
3660:Outline of Colorado prehistory
2721:. Norman, 1987. Pp. 24 and 49.
2584:
2503:
2288:St. David Pendleton Oakerhater
2268:(ca. 1820–1904) (in Cheyenne:
2170:
2161:
2049:, the Notameohmésêhese proper)
1666:by bands operating out of the
1382:Punitive US expedition of 1857
1336:Indians of the northern plains
1226:, the Cheyenne, the Crow, the
327:of central Colorado. With the
13:
1:
6185:Black Hills Expedition (1874)
6123:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
5870:Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway
5496:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
5491:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
4771:Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site
4715:Table Rock Archeological Site
4685:Sweetwater Archeological Site
4578:Susan LaFlesche Picotte House
4542:Cunningham Archeological Site
4410:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
4405:Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation
4338:Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse
3455:Moore, John H. Moore (1996).
3402:Hill, Christina Gish (2016).
3326:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
2224:(c. 1803–1868) (in Cheyenne:
1959:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
1906:The Cheyenne who traveled to
1801:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife)
1484:Morning Star (aka Dull Knife)
1254:Effects of the Emigrant Trail
1189:Wind River Indian Reservation
1149:Relationship with the Arapaho
1063:massacred a Crow camp in 1820
565:Cheyenne woman photograph by
374:
282:and loosely aligned with the
6190:Black Hills gold rush (1874)
6180:Dakota Territory (1861–1889)
5886:Black Hills Centennial Trail
5808:Sitting Bull Crystal Caverns
5753:Jewel Cave National Monument
5693:Black Hills Central Railroad
5565:Republic of Lakotah proposal
4471:Fullerton Archeological Site
4237:Little Priest Tribal College
3427:Journal of American Folklore
2272:, more correctly translated
1719:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1678:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1039:Interior Salish and Kuntenai
691:Tsétsêhéstâhese / Tsitsistas
391:Cheyenne beaded hide shirt,
229:federally recognized nations
193:. The Cheyenne comprise two
7:
5698:Black Hills National Forest
5297:Historic and present tribes
4710:Humphrey Archeological Site
4705:Schrader Archeological Site
4466:Schrader Archeological Site
4125:Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
4052:Historic and present tribes
3585:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2394:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2387:
2323:Cheyenne military societies
2282:Cheyenne military societies
2232:, since 1854 member of the
2200:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
2193:Historical Cheyenne Figures
2102:Cheyenne military societies
1943:President Chester A. Arthur
1768:Little Coyote (Little Wolf)
1432:Under the influence of the
1411:1st Cavalry Regiment (1855)
1356:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
1322:for the upper Arkansas and
1290:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
1181:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
946:Cheyenne military societies
940:Enemies and warrior culture
801:Sacred (Buffalo) Hat Bundle
596:and hunting, especially of
518:
364:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
237:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
116:Traditional tribal religion
10:
6611:
6195:Newton–Jenney Party (1875)
5601:For more information, see
5560:Lakota Nation Invitational
5538:Seizure of the Black Hills
5486:History of the Black Hills
4806:Wiseman Archeological Site
4801:Schulte Archeological Site
4695:Ashland Archeological Site
4690:Burkett Archeological Site
4456:Horse Creek Pawnee Village
4298:Old Lady Grieves The Enemy
3593:, Chief Dull Knife College
3347:Greene, Jerome A. (2004).
3267:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
2250:(1810–1883) (in Cheyenne:
1975:
1951:President William McKinley
1876:
1748:
1647:
1574:
1521:Starting in 1859 with the
1271:territory for sustenance.
1152:
943:
556:
522:
331:, the Cheyenne pushed the
261:Algonquian language family
247:, who are enrolled in the
235:, who are enrolled in the
205:(more commonly spelled as
40:
29:
6516:
6475:
6454:
6385:
6269:
6170:
6103:
6094:
6029:
5988:
5912:
5903:
5891:George S. Mickelson Trail
5878:
5847:
5840:
5670:
5599:
5573:
5530:
5509:
5478:
5462:
5426:
5381:
5345:
5338:
5295:
5093:
4886:
4819:
4723:
4637:
4611:
4550:
4514:
4433:
4397:
4374:Battle of Warbonnet Creek
4346:
4323:Susette LaFlesche Tibbles
4250:
4230:colleges and universities
4227:
4184:
4148:
4050:
3973:
3938:
3889:
3851:
3803:
3794:
3754:
3733:
3682:
3673:
3652:
2546:Chief Dull Knife College
2452:Oklahoma Indian Affairs.
1772:Morning Star (Dull Knife)
885:Fort Pierre, South Dakota
734:military or war societies
695:Só'taeo'o / Só'taétaneo'o
627:. They first reached the
549:, a language so close to
298:, where they adopted the
134:
129:
114:
109:
94:
89:
73:
68:
61:
56:
36:Cheyenne (disambiguation)
6403:Black Hills flood (1972)
5813:Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
5738:Flintstones Bedrock City
5531:Modern events and places
4446:Pike-Pawnee Village Site
4308:Susan La Flesche Picotte
3762:Battle of Beecher Island
2616:Bright, William (2004).
2411:
2337:Battle of Summit Springs
2331:, chief of the Cheyenne
2070:, Northern and Southern)
2060:, Northern and Southern)
1751:Northern Cheyenne Exodus
1745:Northern Cheyenne Exodus
1504:Battle of Little Bighorn
1392:Grand Island in Nebraska
509:Chief Dull Knife College
319:and later (1856–79) the
306:of South Dakota and the
224:[t͡sɪt͡shɪstʰɑs]
41:Not to be confused with
6565:Great Sioux War of 1876
6225:George Armstrong Custer
6127:Great Sioux Reservation
5828:Wind Cave National Park
5778:Mystic Miner Ski Resort
5517:Great Sioux Reservation
5140:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
4781:Kurz Omaha Village Site
4724:Other precontact places
4476:Oto Indian Village Site
4115:Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
3579:Northern Cheyenne Tribe
3369:Grinnell, George Bird.
3354:Grinnell, George Bird.
2899:, Francis Paul Prucha,
2834:American Anthropologist
2732:American Anthropologist
2368:Living Cheyenne Figures
2307:; mother of George Bent
2242:Battle of Washita River
2238:George Armstrong Custer
1947:Crow Indian Reservation
1869:, in southern Montana.
1727:George Armstrong Custer
1660:Battle of Washita River
1656:George Armstrong Custer
1650:Battle of Washita River
1644:Battle of Washita River
1634:Battle of Platte Bridge
1630:Powder River Expedition
1415:Colonel Edwin V. Sumner
1278:, emigrants brought in
1139:Great Sioux War of 1876
871:Expansion on the Plains
461:is not known, but many
457:". The identity of the
406:
358:, known in Cheyenne as
6398:Stratobowl (1934–1959)
5463:Traditional narratives
4876:Native American tribes
4761:Nehawka Flint Quarries
4751:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
4638:Precontact communities
4515:Historic sacred places
3946:Cynthia Irwin-Williams
3746:Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
3665:Prehistory of Colorado
2949:Berthrong, pp. 133– 40
2935:Berthrong, pp. 106–123
2926:Berthrong, pp. 113–114
2774:"Battle of Wolf Creek"
2500:Retrieved 3 July 2013.
2144:fought with and raided
1985:
1934:
1903:
1892:
1784:
1775:
1518:
1506:
1401:. The Indian agent at
1311:
1299:
1205:General Henry Atkinson
983:
971:
963:
955:
887:
718:(Sacred) Arrows Bundle
693:(Cheyenne proper) and
611:region to present-day
607:(Hóheeheo'o) from the
570:
432:(more commonly as the
425:
403:
395:
384:
120:Native American Church
34:. For other uses, see
6462:Rapid City Rapid Ride
5708:Black Hills Playhouse
4588:Moses Merrill Mission
4551:Other historic places
4398:Historic reservations
4364:Battle of Mud Springs
3991:Trail of the Ancients
3391:, Bison Books, 1972.
3379:, Bison Books, 1972.
3356:The Fighting Cheyenne
3315:The Southern Cheyenne
3313:Berthrong, Donald J.
3173:, Vol. 1, pp. 247–311
3147:, Vol. 1, pp. 258–311
3117:The Fighting Cheyenne
3088:Maddux Albert Glenn,
3058:The Fighting Cheyenne
3033:The Fighting Cheyenne
2965:The Fighting Cheyenne
2686:Liberty, Dr. Margot.
2656:The Fighting Cheyenne
2579:The Fighting Cheyenne
2548:"Cheyenne Dictionary"
2488:"Cheyenne, Southern."
2278:Council of Forty-four
2234:Council of Forty-four
2148:hunting and gathering
1983:
1949:. On March 19, 1900,
1932:
1898:
1886:
1856:Fort Robinson tragedy
1851:Punished Woman's Fork
1781:
1766:
1755:Fort Robinson tragedy
1648:Further information:
1622:Battle of Mud Springs
1585:, although it flew a
1575:Further information:
1540:US negotiations with
1512:
1482:
1475:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
1305:
1297:
1246:, the Pawnee and the
1153:Further information:
977:
969:
961:
953:
878:
738:Council of Forty-four
564:
465:assume that it means
414:
401:
390:
373:Cheyenne hide dress,
372:
302:. Having settled the
268:Great Lakes woodlands
130:Related ethnic groups
6436:Charles Badger Clark
5855:Norbeck Scenic Byway
5718:Crazy Horse Memorial
5688:Black Elk Wilderness
5591:Charmaine White Face
5543:Crazy Horse Memorial
5170:Mescalero-Chiricahua
4925:Cheyenne and Arapaho
4451:Skidi Pawnee Village
4434:Historic communities
4369:Battle of Rush Creek
4354:Battle of Ash Hollow
4186:Present reservations
4161:Omaha-Ponca language
3939:Noted archaeologists
3910:Dismal River culture
3871:Mount Albion complex
3674:Contemporary peoples
3220:The Cheyenne Indians
3197:The Cheyenne Indians
3184:The Cheyenne Indians
3171:The Cheyenne Indians
3158:The Cheyenne Indians
3145:The Cheyenne Indians
3047:Hyde, pp. 168 to 195
2851:Texas Beyond History
2763:Berthrong, pp. 24–26
2754:Berthrong, pp. 13–21
2562:The Cheyenne Indians
2214:(1843–1918), son of
2154:, but later all the
1731:Little Bighorn River
1626:Battle of Rush Creek
1455:Sumner continued to
1276:California Gold Rush
664:Powder River Country
621:Biesterfeldt Village
494:George Bird Grinnell
308:Powder River Country
142:, Suhtai, and other
6508:Mule Creek Junction
5823:Terry Peak ski area
5713:Chapel in the Hills
5581:Charlotte Black Elk
5449:Inyan Kara Mountain
4741:Walker Gilmore site
4496:Theodore Davis Site
3956:Waldo Rudolph Wedel
3900:Ancestral Puebloans
3866:Basketmaker culture
3795:Precontact cultures
3782:Sand Creek massacre
3591:Cheyenne Dictionary
3483:Pritzker, Barry M.
2873:"Arapaho, Southern"
2431:on February 2, 2011
2346:Éše'he Ȯhnéšesėstse
2132:gathering, c. 1909.
1912:Miles City, Montana
1824:Ranald S. Mackenzie
1618:Battle of Julesburg
1591:Sand Creek massacre
1577:Sand Creek Massacre
1571:Sand Creek Massacre
1546:Treaty of Fort Wise
1419:Major John Sedgwick
1172:Sand Creek Massacre
1165:Algonquian language
856:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e
781:Ésevone / Hóhkėha'e
771:in ceremonies. The
580:, near present-day
551:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse
539:Algonquian-language
535:Tsêhésenêstsestôtse
471:Algonquian language
463:Great Plains tribes
416:W. Richard West Jr.
53:
6545:Algonquian peoples
5860:Iron Mountain Road
4940:Citizen Potawatomi
4612:Precontact peoples
4288:Francis La Flesche
3951:Paul Sidney Martin
3676:native to Colorado
3642:Indigenous peoples
3208:Moore, pp. 154–156
3076:Brown, pp. 332–349
2814:Hyde 1968, p. 336.
2805:Greene 2004, p. 9.
2631:"Tsé-tsėhéstȧhese"
2493:2009-02-28 at the
2459:2009-02-11 at the
2376:Population history
2254:, better known as
2186:Sagittaria cuneata
1986:
1935:
1904:
1893:
1785:
1776:
1697:. You can help by
1583:Chief Black Kettle
1537:of the mountains.
1527:South Platte River
1523:Colorado Gold Rush
1519:
1507:
1427:South Platte River
1364:North Platte River
1350:, and to maintain
1316:Thomas Fitzpatrick
1312:
1300:
984:
972:
964:
956:
888:
571:
547:Só'taenęstsestôtse
426:
404:
396:
385:
321:United States Army
144:Algonquian peoples
51:
6560:Comanche campaign
6532:
6531:
6503:Maverick Junction
6483:Cheyenne Crossing
6450:
6449:
6090:
6089:
5899:
5898:
5723:Custer State Park
5622:
5621:
5422:
5421:
5243:
5242:
5165:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
4905:Alabama-Quassarte
4835:
4834:
4756:Woodcliff Burials
4293:Joseph La Flesche
4149:Present languages
4095:Northern Cheyenne
3999:
3998:
3969:
3968:
3920:Panhandle culture
3838:Plainview complex
3790:
3789:
3772:Comanche Campaign
3243:Tah-me-la-pash-me
3217:Grinnell (1972),
3186:, Vol. 1, 209–246
3105:978-0-9722217-1-9
2916:978-0-520-20895-7
2871:Fowler, Loretta.
2796:Hyde 1968, p. 80.
2717:Hyde, George E.:
2319:Elk Horn Scrapers
2270:Ó'kôhómôxháahketa
1832:Wyoming Territory
1725:, killed General
1715:
1714:
1318:was appointed US
1212:Benjamin O'Fallon
1000:warrior societies
988:horse and warrior
847:into what is now
586:Mississippi River
531:Cheyenne language
525:Cheyenne language
356:Southern Cheyenne
257:Cheyenne language
245:Northern Cheyenne
233:Southern Cheyenne
149:
148:
32:Cheyenne, Wyoming
16:(Redirected from
6602:
6408:2000 Jasper Fire
6235:Wild Bill Hickok
6125:established the
6101:
6100:
5910:
5909:
5845:
5844:
5758:The Mammoth Site
5683:Bear Country USA
5649:
5642:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5605:. Nearby modern
5454:Six Grandfathers
5427:Spiritual places
5358:Sherman Coolidge
5343:
5342:
5339:Historic figures
5277:Native Americans
5270:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5246:
5095:Tribal languages
5075:United Keetoowah
5005:Muscogee (Creek)
4965:Fort Sill Apache
4900:Absentee Shawnee
4874:
4873:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4461:Cottonwood Creek
4441:Ton'wontongathon
4379:Grattan massacre
4333:James Young Deer
4283:Logan Fontenelle
4273:Joba Chamberlain
4251:Historic figures
4040:Native Americans
4038:
4037:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3974:Related articles
3905:Apishapa culture
3876:Oshara tradition
3833:Hell Gap complex
3823:Folsom tradition
3801:
3800:
3705:Jicarilla Apache
3680:
3679:
3639:
3638:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3568:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3506:
3480:
3451:
3409:Hyde, George E.
3340:Bourke, John G.
3289:
3288:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3258:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3086:
3077:
3074:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3036:
3035:, pp. 124 to 158
3029:
3020:
3019:Hyde, pp. 99–105
3017:
3011:
2986:
2980:
2979:Hyde, pp. 99–105
2977:
2968:
2961:
2950:
2947:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2778:Oklahoma History
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2683:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2522:. Archived from
2516:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2485:
2464:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2427:. Archived from
2421:
2296:Episcopal Church
2121:
2112:are continuing.
2075:Hesé'omeétaneo'o
2022:Tsé-tsêhéstâhese
1918:and his band of
1860:Indian territory
1789:Dull Knife Fight
1735:Washington, D.C.
1710:
1707:
1689:
1682:
1668:Indian Territory
1561:citizens militia
1407:Secretary of War
1399:Republican River
1177:Indian Territory
1161:Arapaho language
899:Denver, Colorado
864:Poteau, Oklahoma
582:Peoria, Illinois
567:Edward S. Curtis
453:meaning "little
438:Tsétsêhéstaestse
382:Gilcrease Museum
379:
376:
344:Notameohmésêhese
226:
186:
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
104:Plains Sign Talk
57:Total population
54:
50:
21:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6555:Cheyenne people
6535:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6512:
6471:
6467:Jefferson Lines
6446:
6418:Lincoln Borglum
6381:
6265:
6166:
6105:Native American
6096:
6086:
6025:
5984:
5905:
5895:
5874:
5865:Needles Highway
5836:
5793:Reptile Gardens
5743:Gordon Stockade
5666:
5653:
5623:
5618:
5595:
5569:
5526:
5510:Historic places
5505:
5479:Historic events
5474:
5458:
5418:
5377:
5373:Margaret Poisal
5334:
5291:
5274:
5244:
5239:
5097:
5089:
4960:Eastern Shawnee
4950:Delaware Nation
4891:
4889:
4882:
4868:
4866:
4836:
4831:
4815:
4811:Durflinger Site
4719:
4633:
4607:
4573:Indian agencies
4546:
4510:
4429:
4393:
4389:Indian Congress
4359:Massacre Canyon
4347:Historic events
4342:
4268:Chief Blackbird
4258:Antonine Barada
4246:
4229:
4223:
4180:
4144:
4046:
4032:
4030:
4000:
3995:
3965:
3934:
3915:Fremont culture
3885:
3847:
3796:
3786:
3777:Meeker Massacre
3750:
3729:
3675:
3669:
3648:
3633:
3631:
3575:
3565:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3469:
3434:(50): 161–190.
3297:
3295:Further reading
3292:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3168:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3064:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3014:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2847:"Red River War"
2845:
2844:
2840:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2667:Moore, John H.
2666:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2641:Moore, John H.
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2569:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2495:Wayback Machine
2486:
2467:
2461:Wayback Machine
2451:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2390:
2378:
2370:
2195:
2173:
2164:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2030:Iviststsinihpah
2028:Heviksnipahis (
1978:
1881:
1875:
1807:surrendered at
1795:surrendered at
1761:
1749:Main articles:
1747:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1695:needs expansion
1680:
1652:
1646:
1579:
1573:
1557:John Chivington
1531:endemic warfare
1477:
1388:Casper, Wyoming
1384:
1292:
1256:
1201:
1157:
1151:
1135:Red Cloud's War
1033:(Sósone'eo'o),
948:
942:
873:
815:is kept in the
703:cultural heroes
683:Lewis and Clark
590:Mille Lacs Lake
578:Fort Crevecoeur
559:
543:Só'taéka'ęškóne
527:
521:
430:Tsétsêhéstâhese
409:
377:
272:Northern Plains
259:belongs to the
215:Tsétsêhéstâhese
195:Native American
184:
160:
156:
63:
49:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6608:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6479:
6477:
6476:Road junctions
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6438:
6432:
6426:
6420:
6414:Gutzon Borglum
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6246:Doane Robinson
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:Martha Bullock
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6107:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6057:Johnson Siding
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6030:Unincorporated
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5768:Mount Rushmore
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5748:Homestake Mine
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5703:Black Elk Peak
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5439:Black Elk Peak
5436:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5098:(still spoken)
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5015:Otoe-Missouria
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:Delaware Tribe
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4884:
4883:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4786:Patterson Site
4783:
4778:
4776:Barneston Site
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Central Plains
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:Blackbird Hill
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Woodcliff Site
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Larry EchoHawk
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4228:Present tribal
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4171:Sioux language
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3881:Picosa culture
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3843:Plano cultures
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Goshen complex
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Clovis culture
3809:
3807:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3573:External links
3571:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3550:
3539:978-0806143798
3538:
3523:
3496:
3493:978-0195138771
3481:
3468:978-1557864840
3467:
3452:
3440:10.2307/533882
3421:
3419:978-0806115771
3407:
3400:
3397:978-0803257726
3385:978-0803257719
3367:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3318:
3311:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3276:
3259:
3253:(big knife) +
3234:
3225:
3210:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3136:
3121:
3108:
3078:
3062:
3049:
3037:
3021:
3012:
3009:978-0306814105
2981:
2969:
2951:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2889:
2863:
2838:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2736:
2723:
2710:
2701:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2622:
2609:
2583:
2567:
2552:
2536:
2511:
2502:
2465:
2442:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2358:
2356:Little Bighorn
2349:
2339:
2326:
2313:(in Cheyenne:
2308:
2298:
2285:
2263:
2245:
2230:Mo'ôhtavetoo'o
2219:
2194:
2191:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2139:
2136:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2073:Hisíometanio (
2071:
2064:
2061:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2037:Heévâhetaneo'o
2033:
1977:
1974:
1877:Main article:
1874:
1871:
1847:Turkey Springs
1746:
1743:
1713:
1712:
1692:
1690:
1679:
1676:
1645:
1642:
1572:
1569:
1476:
1473:
1423:Arkansas River
1383:
1380:
1348:Santa Fe Trail
1344:Emigrant Trail
1291:
1288:
1255:
1252:
1200:
1199:Treaty of 1825
1197:
1155:Arapaho people
1150:
1147:
993:counting coups
941:
938:
926:Llano Estacado
903:Cimarron River
892:Arapaho people
872:
869:
860:Tséá'enōvȧhtse
845:Missouri River
819:(old term) or
769:Plains peoples
674:to the south.
629:Missouri River
625:Sheyenne River
558:
555:
523:Main article:
520:
517:
408:
405:
360:Heévâhetaneo'o
288:Missouri River
217:(also spelled
147:
146:
132:
131:
127:
126:
112:
111:
107:
106:
92:
91:
87:
86:
71:
70:
66:
65:
59:
58:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6607:
6596:
6595:Plains tribes
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6443:
6442:Watson Parker
6439:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6425:
6424:Joseph Bottum
6421:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6261:Charlie Utter
6259:
6257:
6256:Al Swearengen
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6241:
6240:Calamity Jane
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Lakota people
6116:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6093:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5920:Belle Fourche
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5902:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5841:Scenic routes
5839:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5803:Sheridan Lake
5801:
5799:
5798:Rushmore Cave
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:Dinosaur Park
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5643:
5638:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:Modern people
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:Seneca-Cayuga
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:Site JF00-072
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4603:Ionia Volcano
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Lalawakohtito
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Standing Bear
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3961:Joe Ben Wheat
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3793:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3514:on 2011-09-22
3510:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3119:, pp. 398–427
3118:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:0-9722217-1-9
3095:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:0-306-81410-2
2999:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2932:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:0-520-20895-1
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2705:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2669:The Cheyenne.
2664:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2643:The Cheyenne.
2638:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2602:September 21,
2598:on 2009-08-07
2597:
2593:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2526:on 2011-02-02
2525:
2521:
2515:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2373:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:Little Coyote
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:Moke-tav-a-to
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:Ôhmésêheseo'o
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:Hévhaitanio (
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Heviqsnipahis
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:(present-day
1909:
1901:
1900:White Buffalo
1897:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:Camp Robinson
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Fort Robinson
1794:
1790:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1693:This section
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:flag of truce
1584:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1450:J.E.B. Stuart
1446:
1444:
1443:Solomon River
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1308:He was killed
1304:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Fort Atkinson
1213:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1143:Red River War
1140:
1136:
1131:
1130:Indian Scouts
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Plains Apache
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
981:
976:
968:
960:
952:
947:
937:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
886:
882:
881:George Catlin
877:
868:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:horse culture
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:motsé'eonȯtse
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
635:defeated the
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
568:
563:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
526:
516:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
424:
421:
420:Smithsonian's
417:
413:
400:
394:
389:
383:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Platte Rivers
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
301:
300:horse culture
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:Só'taétaneo'o
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:
178:
154:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:United States
72:
67:
60:
55:
44:
37:
33:
19:
6498:Keystone Wye
6488:Four Corners
6430:Francis Case
6215:Seth Bullock
6162:Spotted Tail
6142:Sitting Bull
6112:
5925:Central City
5788:Pactola Lake
5728:Devils Tower
5660:South Dakota
5607:reservations
5552:
5444:Devils Tower
5414:Spotted Tail
5409:Sitting Bull
5304:
5285:South Dakota
5065:Thlopthlocco
4820:Other topics
4665:Signal Butte
4660:Schultz site
4629:Dismal River
4486:McClean Site
4481:Leshara Site
4384:Cheyenne War
4214:Santee Sioux
4176:Sac language
4166:Fox language
4140:Skidi Pawnee
3925:Sopris phase
3861:Apex complex
3818:Cody complex
3805:Paleo-Indian
3767:Colorado War
3755:Major events
3734:Reservations
3554:
3543:. Retrieved
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3509:the original
3500:
3484:
3458:The Cheyenne
3457:
3431:
3425:
3410:
3403:
3388:
3376:
3371:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3324:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3279:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3241:recorded as
3237:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3116:
3111:
3089:
3057:
3052:
3032:
3015:
2989:
2984:
2967:, pp. 111–21
2964:
2931:
2922:
2900:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2850:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2668:
2663:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2586:
2578:
2561:
2555:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2514:
2505:
2497:
2435:November 11,
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2419:
2403:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2345:
2335:, killed at
2333:Dog Soldiers
2318:
2314:
2305:William Bent
2291:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2251:
2248:Morning Star
2229:
2225:
2222:Black Kettle
2197:
2196:
2184:
2174:
2165:
2156:Great Plains
2141:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2079:Issiometaniu
2078:
2074:
2067:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:reservations
1987:
1967:
1956:
1936:
1924:Tongue River
1916:Chief Joseph
1905:
1887:Flag of the
1864:
1836:
1821:
1817:Fort Laramie
1786:
1716:
1703:
1699:adding to it
1694:
1672:
1653:
1638:
1603:
1580:
1565:Colorado War
1550:
1542:Black Kettle
1539:
1520:
1515:Black Kettle
1499:
1491:
1454:
1447:
1434:medicine man
1431:
1409:ordered the
1403:Fort Laramie
1396:
1385:
1362:between the
1360:Great Plains
1342:such as the
1340:
1328:Fort Laramie
1324:Platte River
1320:Indian agent
1313:
1284:
1273:
1257:
1236:
1209:Indian agent
1202:
1185:
1169:
1158:
1124:tribes, and
1103:
1097:(Onéhao'o).
1024:
1009:
1005:Dog Soldiers
997:
985:
934:
923:
915:
911:Charles Bent
896:
889:
859:
855:
853:
821:hóhkėha'éome
820:
816:
812:
804:
796:
792:
790:
780:
772:
760:
758:
745:
741:
729:
721:
713:
711:
699:oral history
694:
690:
688:
676:
641:
617:North Dakota
602:
572:
550:
546:
542:
534:
528:
512:
506:
501:
489:
487:
482:
478:
474:
458:
454:
450:
445:Lakota Sioux
442:
437:
436:; singular:
433:
429:
427:
359:
347:
343:
341:
296:South Dakota
265:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:tribes, the
152:
150:
124:Christianity
48:Ethnic group
6428:Politician
6270:Ghost towns
6230:Dora DuFran
6147:Crazy Horse
6082:Three Forks
6077:Silver City
6072:Rockerville
5996:Buffalo Gap
5945:Hot Springs
5818:Sylvan Lake
5671:Attractions
5656:Black Hills
5394:Crazy Horse
5281:Black Hills
5045:Sac and Fox
4736:Indian Hill
4731:Indian Cave
4670:Site 25SM20
4527:Ahkawitakol
4506:Wright Site
4303:Petalesharo
4209:Sac and Fox
3797:in Colorado
3160:, pp. 1–57
2992:George Bent
2266:Little Wolf
2260:Tamílapéšni
2212:George Bent
2171:Ethnobotany
2162:Role models
2152:Black Hills
2128:A Cheyenne
2110:clan system
2084:Ohktounna (
2052:Só'taeo'o (
1996:like other
1990:Great Lakes
1970:Black Hills
1867:reservation
1793:Crazy Horse
1500:Tamílapéšni
1457:Bent's Fort
1334:, with the
1274:During the
1240:Assiniboine
1059:Plains Cree
1055:Assiniboine
1051:Gros Ventre
919:Owl Woman's
907:Bent's Fort
883:, 1832, in
809:Great Lakes
805:Toh'nihvoos
779:power. The
681:. In 1804,
679:Black Hills
660:Black Hills
652:soil houses
609:Great Lakes
605:Assiniboine
533:, known as
513:Tsiihistano
378: 1920
304:Black Hills
6539:Categories
6440:Historian
6412:Sculptors
6367:Tigerville
6362:Terraville
6327:Myers City
6277:Addie Camp
6244:Historian
6097:and people
5965:Rapid City
5832:bison herd
5678:Bear Butte
5611:Pine Ridge
5586:JoAnn Tall
5470:Great Race
5434:Bear Butte
5368:Little Owl
5353:Black Bear
5205:Potawatomi
4890:recognized
4700:Yutan Site
4650:Ash Hollow
4645:Leary Site
4501:Kelso Site
4328:Jim Thorpe
3587:, Oklahoma
3564:1539063747
3545:2013-07-13
3518:2012-05-12
3364:0879280751
3335:0805017305
3321:Brown, Dee
3195:Grinnell,
3182:Grinnell,
3169:Grinnell,
3156:Grinnell,
3143:Grinnell,
3115:Grinnell,
3056:Grinnell,
3031:Grinnell,
2963:Grinnell,
2783:2013-02-09
2694:13 January
2658:, pp. 1–8.
2654:Grinnell,
2577:Grinnell,
2559:Grinnell,
2530:2009-02-22
2352:Wooden Leg
2315:Woo-ka-nay
2311:Roman Nose
2256:Dull Knife
2093:Háovôhnóva
2066:Oivimána (
1908:Fort Keogh
1891:in Montana
1809:Fort Keogh
1739:Centennial
1599:Republican
1595:Smoky Hill
1553:John Evans
1268:California
1120:, various
1027:Apsáalooke
944:See also:
765:sweetgrass
726:Bear Butte
475:Sáhea'eo'o
434:Tsitsistas
348:Ohmésêhese
243:, and the
219:Tsitsistas
213:) and the
18:Tsitsistas
6493:Four Mile
6317:Greenwood
6302:Carbonate
6287:Blacktail
6157:Red Cloud
6152:Lone Horn
6137:Black Elk
6042:Four Mile
5980:Whitewood
5970:Spearfish
5960:Newcastle
5950:Hill City
5904:Populated
5404:Red Cloud
5399:Lone Horn
5389:Black Elk
5135:Chickasaw
5085:Wyandotte
4930:Chickasaw
4888:Federally
4313:Red Cloud
4219:Winnebago
4090:Missouria
3930:Tipi ring
3597:Cheyennes
3581:, Montana
2361:Wolf Robe
2342:Two Moons
2329:Tall Bull
2301:Owl Woman
2292:Okuhhatuh
2252:Vóóhéhéve
2216:Owl Woman
2130:sun dance
2014:Só'taeo'o
1994:wild rice
1920:Nez Percé
1843:the north
1805:Two Moons
1610:Julesburg
1492:Vóóhéhéve
1314:In 1846,
1043:Nez Perce
1035:Blackfeet
1016:tomahawks
1012:war clubs
998:Specific
980:pronghorn
825:Sun Dance
817:vonȧhéome
754:Sun Dance
613:Minnesota
594:wild rice
290:and into
276:Minnesota
199:Só'taeo'o
189:) are an
140:Blackfoot
90:Languages
6550:Cheyenne
6352:Sheridan
6322:Maitland
6312:Flatiron
6251:Sol Star
6223:General
6172:Old West
6113:Cheyenne
6067:Rochford
6021:Sundance
6011:Keystone
6001:Fairburn
5940:Edgemont
5935:Deadwood
5305:Cheyenne
5180:Muscogee
5155:Delaware
5150:Comanche
5130:Cheyenne
5125:Cherokee
5050:Seminole
4985:Kickapoo
4980:Kialegee
4945:Comanche
4920:Cherokee
4880:Oklahoma
4624:Woodland
4425:Niobrara
4085:Meskwaki
4070:Comanche
4044:Nebraska
3720:Shoshone
3700:Comanche
3695:Cheyenne
3653:Overview
3646:Colorado
3477:34412067
3249:(his) +
3223:, p. 190
3060:, p. 188
2897:Page 143
2491:Archived
2457:Archived
2388:See also
2177:infusion
2091:Hónowa (
2086:Oqtóguna
2068:Oévemana
2045:Omísis (
2042:Masikota
2018:Masikota
2016:and the
1963:Seminole
1783:charges.
1706:May 2014
1488:Cheyenne
1469:Comanche
1461:Utah War
1438:medicine
1372:Nebraska
1346:and the
1220:treaties
1193:Shoshone
1137:and the
1091:Ho-Chunk
1031:Shoshone
1020:firearms
797:Is'siwun
773:Maahótse
730:maahéome
714:Maahótse
707:prophets
654:"), and
519:Language
502:Šahíyena
490:Cheyenne
451:Šahíyena
393:Woolaroc
313:Colorado
241:Oklahoma
153:Cheyenne
110:Religion
96:Cheyenne
83:Oklahoma
52:Cheyenne
6517:Related
6455:Transit
6422:Author
6357:Spokane
6347:Pactola
6297:Cambria
6292:Burdock
6282:Bismuth
6095:History
6016:Pringle
6006:Hermosa
5975:Sturgis
5783:Needles
5664:Wyoming
5615:Rosebud
5346:Arapaho
5320:Arikara
5315:Arapaho
5289:Wyoming
5279:in the
5230:Wyandot
5225:Wichita
5220:Shawnee
5160:Koasati
5145:Choctaw
5110:Arapaho
5105:Alabama
5080:Wichita
5070:Tonkawa
5060:Shawnee
4935:Choctaw
4263:Big Elk
4065:Arikara
4060:Arapaho
3892:Archaic
3853:Archaic
3690:Arapaho
3640:
3304:(2008)
3245:; from
2581:, p. 2.
2565:, p. 10
2063:Wotápio
1976:Culture
1839:malaria
1791:, when
1723:Arapaho
1368:Rockies
1280:cholera
1224:Arikara
1118:Wichita
1047:Arikara
849:Wyoming
831:Plains
829:nomadic
793:Ésevone
742:véhoo'o
722:Nóávóse
656:Arikara
648:Hidatsa
557:History
329:Arapaho
280:Arapaho
253:Montana
136:Arapaho
100:English
79:Montana
43:Cayenne
6386:Modern
6377:Trojan
6372:Tinton
6337:Nahant
6332:Mystic
6047:Galena
5930:Custer
5913:Cities
5906:places
5879:Trails
5382:Lakota
5363:Friday
5310:Lakota
5215:Seneca
5210:Quapaw
5195:Pawnee
5190:Ottawa
5120:Cayuga
5040:Quapaw
5030:Peoria
5025:Pawnee
5020:Ottawa
4910:Apache
4892:tribes
4655:Coufal
4420:Pawnee
4110:Pawnee
3715:Pawnee
3683:People
3561:
3536:
3491:
3475:
3465:
3448:533882
3446:
3417:
3395:
3383:
3362:
3333:
3302:et al.
3257:(dull)
3103:
3096:
3007:
3000:
2914:
2907:
2882:23 May
2856:23 May
2463:2008:7
2058:Sutaio
2054:Suhtai
2012:, the
1757:, and
1664:Kansas
1606:attack
1513:Chief
1496:Lakota
1376:Kansas
1264:Mormon
1260:Oregon
1230:, the
1228:Mandan
1163:is an
1126:Navajo
1122:Apache
1093:, and
1075:Pawnee
1071:Dakota
1067:Lakota
1057:, and
930:Mexico
803:") at
785:female
746:manaho
668:Lakota
644:Mandan
637:Dakota
633:Ojibwe
575:French
569:, 1930
498:Siouan
483:Šahíya
479:Lakota
459:Šahíya
455:Šahíya
448:exonym
337:Lakota
284:Lakota
255:. The
231:: the
211:Sutaio
207:Suhtai
122:, and
62:22,970
6434:Poet
6342:Novak
6052:Hanna
6037:Dewey
5989:Towns
5848:Roads
5830:with
5330:Kiowa
5235:Yuchi
5200:Ponca
5185:Osage
5115:Caddo
5035:Ponca
5010:Osage
5000:Modoc
4995:Miami
4990:Kiowa
4915:Caddo
4583:Nanza
4537:Pahuk
4522:Pahur
4204:Ponca
4199:Omaha
4194:Ioway
4156:Hocak
4135:Sioux
4100:Omaha
4080:Kiowa
3890:Post-
3710:Kiowa
3512:(PDF)
3505:(PDF)
3444:JSTOR
3255:péšni
2412:Notes
2181:tansy
1813:Sioux
1465:Kiowa
1352:forts
1248:Omaha
1232:Ponca
1114:Osage
1095:Omaha
1079:Ponca
841:bison
837:tipis
795:(aka
750:bands
720:) at
672:Kiowa
598:bison
481:word
333:Kiowa
292:North
6416:and
6307:Etta
6217:and
6062:Nemo
5955:Lead
5662:and
5613:and
5609:are
5325:Crow
5287:and
4970:Iowa
4105:Otoe
3559:ISBN
3534:ISBN
3489:ISBN
3473:OCLC
3463:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3393:ISBN
3381:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3251:míla
3101:ISBN
3094:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2884:2024
2858:2024
2696:2008
2604:2007
2437:2013
2202:and
1849:and
1770:and
1614:loot
1597:and
1535:Utes
1467:and
1266:and
1244:Otoe
1207:and
1087:Iowa
854:The
777:male
662:and
615:and
588:and
467:Cree
407:Name
317:Crow
294:and
183:shy-
151:The
5658:of
5283:of
4975:Kaw
4878:in
4415:Oto
4120:Sac
4042:in
3725:Ute
3644:of
3436:doi
2240:at
2228:or
2175:An
2077:or
2056:or
1701:.
1494:or
1106:Ute
1083:Kaw
909:by
799:– "
705:or
545:or
504:).
270:to
251:in
239:in
209:or
201:or
6541::
3471:.
3442:.
3432:13
3430:.
3387:;
3323:.
3247:ta
3124:^
3081:^
3065:^
3040:^
3024:^
2972:^
2954:^
2940:^
2875:.
2849:.
2776:.
2676:^
2570:^
2539:^
2468:^
2445:^
2290:,
2004:.
1753:,
1636:)
1632:,
1628:,
1624:,
1620:,
1498::
1490::
1378:.
1338:.
1262:,
1250:.
1195:.
1145:.
1116:,
1112:,
1108:,
1089:,
1085:,
1081:,
1077:,
1073:,
1069:,
1049:,
1014:,
756:.
646:,
515:.
485:.
380:,
375:c.
339:.
263:.
221:,
185:AN
165:aɪ
138:,
118:,
102:,
98:,
81:,
5648:e
5641:t
5634:v
5617:.
5269:e
5262:t
5255:v
4861:e
4854:t
4847:v
4025:e
4018:t
4011:v
3626:e
3619:t
3612:v
3567:.
3548:.
3521:.
3495:.
3479:.
3450:.
3438::
3399:.
3366:.
3337:.
3287:.
2886:.
2860:.
2786:.
2698:.
2606:.
2533:.
2439:.
2325:)
2284:)
2244:)
2206:.
2095:)
2088:)
2081:)
2039:)
2032:)
1708:)
1704:(
1486:(
763:(
748:(
716:(
177:/
174:n
171:æ
168:ˈ
162:ʃ
159:/
155:(
85:)
77:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.