541:
509:
55:
297:
652:
505:, and the Clinch Sandstone farther south. Butts (1940) indicated that in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province the name "Tuscarora Sandstone" should be applied to these strata from Pennsylvania in the north to 38deg N latitude, and that the name "Clinch Sandstone" should be applied to these strata south of 38deg N latitude.
987:
Ryder, R.T., Swezey, C.S., Crangle, R.D., Jr., and Trippi, M.T., 2008, Geologic cross section E-Eā through the central
Appalachian Basin from the Findlay Arch, Wood County, Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge Province, Pendleton County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map
1080:
Boucot, A.J., Gray, Jane, and
Hoskins, D.M., 1994, New hughmilleriid (Eurypterida) occurrence from the Tuscarora Formation, central Pennsylvania, and its environmental interpretation, IN Landing, Ed, ed., Studies in stratigraphy and paleontology in honor of Donald W. Fisher: New York State Museum
842:
Faill, R.T., Glover, A.D., and Way, J.H., 1989, Geology and mineral resources of the
Blandburg, Tipton, Altoona, and Bellwood quadrangles, Blair, Cambria, Clearfield and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Topographic and Geologic Atlas, 4th series, 86, 209 p., scale
1000:
Ryder, R.T., Trippi, M.H., and Swezey, C.S., 2015, Geologic cross section I-Iā through the central
Appalachian basin from north-central Kentucky to southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map SIM-3343, 2 sheets with two pamphlets (41p. and 102p.).
2299:
1101:
709:
techniques) on the East Coast of the United States. Two climbing schools near the outcrop and many other guide services offer guided climbing trips on the 300+ climbing routes on the west-facing cliff.
737:, is a privately owned and operated nature preserve dedicated to preserving Nelson Rocks and the surrounding environment as a cultural, educational, and recreational resource. The preserve offers a
532:
of the formation: Castanea, occurring at the top, leaving the Lower and Middle
Tuscarora Formation at the bottom. This formation has been called the "White Medina Sandstone" in West Virginia.
852:
Darton, N.H., and Taff, J.A., 1896, Description of the
Piedmont sheet (West Virginia-Maryland): U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States, Piedmont folio, no. 28, 6 p.
663:
The
Tuscarora has become very important to the tourism industry of eastern West Virginia, where the formation has many conspicuous outcrops visible from such roads as U.S. Routes
273:
Details of the type locality and of stratigraphic nomenclature for this unit as used by the U.S. Geological Survey are available on-line at the
National Geologic Map Database.
2306:
2091:
1660:
1622:
320:
1943:
1230:
1108:
3273:
2043:
1883:
1855:
2018:
1279:
2114:
2058:
1973:
1331:
1299:
1294:
1197:
719:
3393:
3283:
2119:
1225:
1215:
3580:
3155:
1978:
1346:
861:
Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R. and others, compilers, (1980). Geologic Map of
Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Map 1, scale 1:250,000.
529:
3619:
2211:
2073:
2068:
2033:
1968:
1695:
1326:
1316:
1182:
2181:
2124:
1988:
1963:
1953:
1489:
1456:
1187:
1192:
1243:
1220:
952:
3624:
1177:
876:"Preliminary Bedrock Geologic Map of the Middle Portion of the Susquehanna River Valley, Cumberland, Dauphin, And Perry Counties, Pennsylvania"
2756:
2292:
1036:
1013:
Berg, T.M., et al., (1983). Stratagraphic
Correlation Chart of Pennsylvania: G75, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
760:
875:
431:
3644:
3609:
1094:
3649:
377:
605:
288:
It is typically 935 feet thick in Pennsylvania, and in Maryland varies from 60 feet to 400 feet thick from east to west.
17:
426:
Two of the more comprehensive exposures of the Tuscarora Formation are in two quarries at the crest and south end of
1022:
Butts, C., 1940, Geology of the Appalachian Valley in Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 52, pt. 1, 568p.
384:
include dramatic outcrops of nearly vertical Tuscarora sandstone. Some of the better known of these exposures are
338:, where it is nearly vertical. It is also well-exposed in the core of Jack's Mountain in Jack's Narrows, where the
3654:
3634:
698:
381:
1037:"Bedrock Geologic Map of The Mc Alevys Fort Quadrangle, Huntingdon, Centre, and Mifflin Counties, Pennsylvania"
886:
668:
3629:
3614:
664:
608:
of the Tuscarora has always been interpreted as mostly terrestrial or shallow marine deposits resulting in a
401:
327:
281:
517:
335:
960:
795:
750:
723:
553:
373:
60:
3639:
734:
331:
2516:
1169:
964:
366:
358:
343:
1067:
3491:
2471:
2166:
1336:
1160:
770:
393:
1043:
3659:
3053:
2957:
2129:
1998:
312:
263:
131:
626:
are seldom found, but do support interpretation as a shallow marine depositional environment.
3444:
3375:
3278:
3048:
2488:
2171:
2003:
1054:
890:
316:
146:
3511:
3388:
3232:
2751:
2557:
2216:
2134:
2109:
2038:
1760:
1732:
1520:
1321:
775:
498:
482:
347:
976:
The major ridge makers are the Tuscarora (T), Pocono (Po), and Pottsville (Pt) Formations.
8:
3575:
3349:
3255:
3127:
2994:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2571:
2552:
2524:
2265:
2161:
1958:
1933:
1860:
1705:
1479:
1446:
1436:
1274:
1269:
1253:
785:
755:
680:
655:
Seneca Rocks, a dramatic Tuscarora sandstone outcrop in West Virginia (Wood engraving by
549:
413:
95:
512:
Conformable contact of overlying Tuscarora Formation (white rock, left) with underlying
3669:
3563:
3476:
3466:
3117:
3081:
3058:
3026:
2899:
2881:
2845:
2835:
2741:
2723:
2649:
2644:
2315:
2221:
2156:
2048:
2008:
1948:
1784:
1742:
1655:
1650:
1617:
1612:
1589:
1543:
1474:
1441:
1431:
1364:
1341:
1117:
362:
183:
2284:
3664:
3506:
3496:
3471:
3429:
3319:
3314:
3298:
3260:
3227:
3204:
3112:
3076:
2771:
2547:
2206:
2191:
2186:
2176:
2083:
2063:
2053:
2013:
1983:
1928:
1770:
715:
540:
513:
508:
467:
105:
3359:
3288:
3222:
3199:
3182:
3122:
3095:
2962:
2952:
2917:
2761:
2621:
2598:
2542:
2101:
2028:
2023:
1993:
1915:
1838:
1824:
1801:
1765:
1737:
1700:
1645:
1640:
1548:
1387:
1289:
656:
494:
417:
350:
traverses this cut, and many of the "Thousand Steps" here are Tuscarora quartzite.
309:
300:
Tuscarora quartzite cliff on the west side of North Fork Mountain in West Virginia.
3486:
3461:
3132:
2830:
2802:
2785:
2708:
2703:
2659:
2639:
2506:
1938:
1806:
1553:
1503:
1369:
1086:
873:
790:
613:
829:
Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau
304:
The Tuscarora Formation is commonly exposed on various ridge crests and in many
54:
3547:
3336:
2876:
2859:
2840:
2825:
2807:
2746:
2686:
2257:
2201:
2196:
1923:
1594:
1572:
1558:
1525:
1484:
1451:
1414:
1284:
1002:
989:
917:
765:
705:
location. It is the only "true peak" (a peak inaccessible except by technical
562:
427:
243:
683:
and various Tuscarora cliffs are prominent in scenic views from such sites as
481:
The Tuscarora is a lateral equivalent of the Minsi and Weiders members of the
3603:
2944:
2766:
2713:
2654:
2462:
2444:
2319:
1687:
1374:
1151:
780:
706:
702:
645:
617:
574:
471:
451:
354:
339:
285:
227:
168:
120:
91:
38:
3068:
3043:
3012:
2989:
2972:
2580:
1816:
1715:
1262:
810:
805:
800:
730:
711:
694:
623:
566:
557:
521:
486:
475:
443:
397:
389:
385:
277:
247:
219:
160:
64:
3538:
3529:
3368:
3307:
3237:
2631:
2327:
2248:
2239:
1356:
1129:
738:
684:
616:. It is thought to represent a vast sand shoal along the margin of the
296:
242:
The Tuscarora is a thin- to thick-bedded fine-grained to coarse-grained
3501:
3437:
3381:
3191:
3173:
2981:
2909:
2718:
2534:
2498:
2427:
1906:
1724:
1632:
1207:
937:
688:
651:
581:
490:
27:
Bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia, US
953:"Geomorphology : Chapter 2 Plate T-12 : Folded Appalachians"
596:
period, being deposited between 440 and 417 (Ā±10) million years ago.
3556:
3420:
3328:
3104:
2695:
2407:
2349:
1847:
1423:
1140:
420:
319:
of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia, particularly along the
305:
255:
251:
46:
2613:
1308:
828:
3411:
3247:
3142:
3035:
3004:
2935:
2817:
2794:
2733:
2677:
2480:
2436:
2391:
2380:
2338:
2148:
1875:
1793:
1752:
1678:
1535:
1512:
1466:
1405:
1121:
874:
Jackson, Margaret S.; Hanley, Peter M. & Sak, Peter B. (2007).
642:
635:
593:
545:
502:
455:
447:
231:
223:
200:
164:
156:
42:
963:(GES), Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Archived from
2891:
2418:
1604:
912:
910:
609:
215:
3214:
2868:
2360:
1581:
1034:
907:
599:
573:
Very few fossils exist in the Tuscarora, and most of them are
676:
672:
409:
405:
267:
259:
592:
Relative age dating of the Tuscarora places it in the Lower
956:
639:
276:
The Tuscarora and its lateral equivalents are the primary
2314:
584:(sea scorpions) have been discovered in the Tuscarora.
59:
Outcrop of Tuscarora Formation in Thickhead Wild Area,
361:) passes arched Tuscarora sandstone outcrops in the
378:
North Fork of the South Branch of the Potomac River
1116:
838:
836:
516:(red rock, right) at the Narrows along U.S. 30 in
741:climbing trail, one of six in the United States.
720:Spruce KnobāSeneca Rocks National Recreation Area
3601:
1042:. Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Archived from
326:In Pennsylvania, the Tuscarora is exposed along
1030:
1028:
833:
1035:Doden, Arnold G. & Gold, David P. (2008).
2300:
1102:
246:. It is a white to medium-gray or gray-green
1025:
416:, to the east of the River Knobs, is a long
1003:http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3343
990:http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim2985
988:SIM-2985, 2 sheets with 48-page pamphlet.
600:Interpretations of Depositional Environment
2307:
2293:
1109:
1095:
638:for making furnace liners in 19th century
400:. These cliffs are clearly visible along
53:
3620:Sandstone formations of the United States
466:The Tuscarora rests conformably atop the
650:
539:
507:
461:
342:cuts through the mountain, just west of
295:
950:
855:
14:
3602:
869:
867:
634:The Tuscarora may have been used as a
3625:Shale formations of the United States
2288:
1090:
423:ridge capped by Tuscarora sandstone.
262:, cross-stratified and conglomeratic
437:
330:on the north and south sides of the
291:
944:
864:
548:Tuscarora Formation collected from
24:
25:
3681:
569:at left. Specimen is ~22cm high.
3645:Silurian geology of Pennsylvania
3610:Silurian System of North America
938:"National Geologic Map Database"
629:
1074:
1016:
1007:
994:
699:Pendleton County, West Virginia
981:
930:
887:Pennsylvania Geological Survey
846:
822:
701:, has become a world-renowned
237:
13:
1:
951:Kempler, Steve (2007-01-19).
883:Open File Report OFBM-07-05.0
816:
282:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
3650:Silurian geology of Virginia
1081:Bulletin, no. 481, p. 21-23.
718:, and is located within the
442:The Tuscarora is present in
7:
918:"Geologic Maps of Maryland"
796:River Knobs (West Virginia)
751:Big Mountain (Pennsylvania)
744:
724:Monongahela National Forest
580:At least two hughmilleriid
266:in parts, containing a few
10:
3686:
2092:Pinesburg Station Dolomite
735:Circleville, West Virginia
535:
470:and conformably below the
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3367:
3358:
3327:
3306:
3297:
3246:
3213:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3141:
3103:
3094:
3067:
3034:
3025:
3003:
2980:
2971:
2943:
2934:
2908:
2890:
2867:
2858:
2816:
2793:
2784:
2732:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2630:
2612:
2579:
2570:
2533:
2515:
2497:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2406:
2390:
2379:
2359:
2348:
2337:
2326:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2147:
2100:
2082:
1914:
1905:
1874:
1846:
1837:
1815:
1792:
1783:
1751:
1723:
1714:
1686:
1677:
1631:
1603:
1580:
1571:
1534:
1511:
1502:
1465:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1383:
1355:
1307:
1261:
1252:
1206:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1139:
1128:
671:and West Virginia Routes
648:of central Pennsylvania.
612:sequence produced by the
404:and West Virginia Routes
189:
179:
174:
152:
142:
137:
127:
116:
111:
101:
87:
79:
71:
52:
37:
32:
1661:Wildcat Valley Sandstone
1623:Wildcat Valley Sandstone
606:depositional environment
321:Wills Mountain Anticline
3492:Conococheague Formation
2167:Conococheague Limestone
1337:Little Valley Formation
771:Geology of Pennsylvania
432:Spruce Creek Quadrangle
3655:Silurian West Virginia
3635:Silurian United States
3054:Williamsport Formation
2958:Bass Islands Formation
2130:Rockdale Run Formation
1999:Lincolnshire Formation
1944:Chatham Hill Formation
1231:Warren Point Formation
1062:Cite journal requires
961:Goddard Earth Sciences
660:
587:
570:
525:
372:In West Virginia, the
313:physiographic province
301:
3445:Copper Ridge Dolomite
3376:Wells Creek Formation
3279:Martinsburg Formation
3274:Dolly Ridge Formation
3049:Wills Creek Formation
2489:Monongahela Formation
2172:Copper Ridge Dolomite
2044:Rich Valley Formation
2004:Martinsburg Formation
1884:Massanutten Sandstone
1856:Massanutten Sandstone
843:1:24,000 and 1:48,000
731:Nelson Rocks Preserve
654:
543:
511:
499:Massanutten Formation
462:Stratigraphic Setting
299:
147:Appalachian Mountains
3630:Siltstone formations
3615:Quartzite formations
3512:Waynesboro Formation
3389:Beekmantown Dolomite
3233:Reedsville Formation
2752:West Falls Formation
2558:Pocahontas Formation
2217:Waynesboro Formation
2135:Stonehenge Limestone
2110:Chepultepec Dolomite
2039:Reedsville Formation
2019:New Market Limestone
1761:Bloomsburg Formation
1733:Bloomsburg Formation
1521:Mahantango Formation
1322:Fort Payne Formation
1280:Cove Creek Formation
776:Massanutten Mountain
679:. Tuscarora-capped
483:Shawangunk Formation
348:Standing Stone Trail
3576:Swift Run Formation
3350:St. Peter Sandstone
3256:Lexington Limestone
3151:Tuscarora Sandstone
3128:Rose Hill Formation
2995:Tonoloway Formation
2604:Bluefield Formation
2594:Princeton Sandstone
2589:Bluestone Formation
2553:New River Formation
2525:Allegheny Formation
2266:Swift Run Formation
2162:Conasauga Formation
2115:Kingsport Formation
2059:Ward Cove Limestone
1974:Five Oaks Limestone
1959:Eggleston Formation
1934:Blackford Formation
1889:Tuscarora Sandstone
1866:Tuscarora Sandstone
1861:Rose Hill Formation
1706:Tonoloway Limestone
1480:Foreknobs Formation
1447:Hampshire Formation
1437:Foreknobs Formation
1332:Hillsdale Formation
1300:Stony Gap Formation
1295:Princeton Formation
1275:Bluestone Formation
1270:Bluefield Formation
1198:Pikeville Formation
786:North Fork Mountain
756:Bald Eagle Mountain
716:U.S. Forest Service
681:North Fork Mountain
550:Bald Eagle Mountain
528:There is one named
414:North Fork Mountain
212:Tuscarora Quartzite
208:Tuscarora Sandstone
204:Tuscarora Formation
96:Rose Hill Formation
39:Stratigraphic range
33:Tuscarora Formation
18:Tuscarora Formation
3564:Catoctin Formation
3477:Weverton Formation
3467:Antietam Formation
3394:Rose Run Sandstone
3284:Nealmont Limestone
3118:McKenzie Formation
3082:McKenzie Formation
3059:McKenzie Formation
2900:Oriskany Sandstone
2882:Huntersville Chert
2846:Huntersville Chert
2836:Onondaga Limestone
2742:Brallier Formation
2724:Brallier Formation
2650:Maccrady Formation
2645:Cuyahoga Formation
2397:Igneous intrusives
2366:Igneous intrusives
2316:Chronostratigraphy
2222:Weverton Formation
2157:Antietam Formation
2120:Longview Limestone
2049:Rockdell Formation
2009:Moccasin Formation
1949:Edinburg Formation
1743:McKenzie Formation
1656:Ridgeley Sandstone
1651:Oriskany Sandstone
1618:Ridgeley Sandstone
1613:Oriskany Sandstone
1590:Huntersville Chert
1544:Huntersville Chert
1475:Brallier Formation
1442:Cloyd Conglomerate
1432:Brallier Formation
1365:Maccrady Formation
1342:Maccrady Formation
1226:Sewannee Formation
1216:Bee Rock Formation
1118:Chronostratigraphy
714:is managed by the
661:
571:
526:
363:Cumberland Narrows
302:
184:Tuscarora Mountain
3640:Silurian Maryland
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3581:Grenville Complex
3571:
3570:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3507:Tomstown Dolomite
3497:Elbrook Formation
3481:Loudoun Formation
3472:Harpers Formation
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3345:
3344:
3320:Black River Group
3315:Trenton Limestone
3269:
3268:
3261:Trenton Limestone
3228:Juniata Formation
3205:Juniata Formation
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3156:Clinton Sandstone
3113:Lockport Dolomite
3090:
3089:
3077:Lockport Dolomite
3021:
3020:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2854:
2853:
2780:
2779:
2772:Genesee Formation
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2566:
2565:
2548:Kanawha Formation
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2402:
2401:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2207:Tomstown Dolomite
2192:Harpers Formation
2187:Hampton Formation
2177:Elbrook Formation
2143:
2142:
2064:Wardell Formation
2054:Trenton Limestone
2014:Mosheim Limestone
1984:Juniata Formation
1979:Gratton Formation
1929:Benbolt Formation
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1833:
1832:
1779:
1778:
1771:Lockport Dolomite
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1567:
1566:
1498:
1497:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1347:Taggard Formation
1239:
1238:
514:Juniata Formation
468:Juniata Formation
438:Geographic Extent
353:In Maryland, the
292:Notable exposures
197:
196:
106:Juniata Formation
16:(Redirected from
3677:
3553:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3365:
3364:
3304:
3303:
3289:Oswego Formation
3223:Cincinnati Group
3200:Cincinnati Group
3188:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3123:Keefer Formation
3101:
3100:
3032:
3031:
2978:
2977:
2963:Keyser Formation
2953:Bertie Formation
2941:
2940:
2918:Helderberg Group
2865:
2864:
2791:
2790:
2762:Sonyea Formation
2692:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2622:Greenbrier Group
2599:Hinton Formation
2577:
2576:
2543:Pottsville Group
2477:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2212:Unicoi Formation
2074:Witten Formation
2069:Wassum Formation
2034:Paperville Shale
2029:Oswego Formation
2024:Oranda Formation
1994:Lenoir Formation
1969:Fetzer Limestone
1912:
1911:
1844:
1843:
1825:Keefer Sandstone
1802:Keefer Sandstone
1790:
1789:
1766:Keefer Sandstone
1738:Keefer Sandstone
1721:
1720:
1701:Keyser Limestone
1696:Hancock Dolomite
1684:
1683:
1646:Keyser Limestone
1641:Helderberg Group
1578:
1577:
1549:Tioga Bentonites
1509:
1508:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1388:Pocono Formation
1327:Gasper Formation
1317:Denmar Formation
1290:Hinton Formation
1259:
1258:
1183:Grundy Formation
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:on June 9, 2011.
1048:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
998:
992:
985:
979:
978:
973:
972:
948:
942:
941:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
914:
905:
904:
902:
901:
895:
889:. Archived from
880:
871:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
840:
831:
826:
657:David H.Strother
418:Ridge and Valley
382:Pendleton County
310:Ridge and Valley
206:ā also known as
57:
30:
29:
21:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3585:
3567:
3516:
3487:Conasauga Group
3462:Chilhowee Group
3449:
3398:
3354:
3341:
3323:
3293:
3265:
3242:
3209:
3160:
3137:
3133:Rochester Shale
3086:
3063:
3017:
2999:
2967:
2922:
2904:
2886:
2850:
2831:Marcellus Shale
2812:
2803:Tully Limestone
2776:
2728:
2709:Berea Sandstone
2704:Price Formation
2664:
2660:Berea Sandstone
2640:Price Formation
2626:
2608:
2562:
2529:
2511:
2507:Conemaugh Group
2493:
2449:
2408:
2398:
2381:
2367:
2350:
2339:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2283:
2270:
2226:
2182:Erwin Formation
2139:
2125:Mascot Dolomite
2096:
2078:
1989:Knobs Formation
1964:Elway Limestone
1954:Effna Limestone
1939:Bowen Formation
1893:
1870:
1829:
1811:
1807:Rochester Shale
1775:
1747:
1710:
1665:
1627:
1599:
1563:
1554:Marcellus Shale
1530:
1494:
1490:Pound Formation
1461:
1457:Pound Formation
1392:
1379:
1370:Price Formation
1351:
1303:
1248:
1235:
1202:
1188:Hyden Formation
1141:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
982:
970:
968:
949:
945:
936:
935:
931:
922:
920:
916:
915:
908:
899:
897:
896:on June 9, 2011
893:
878:
872:
865:
860:
856:
851:
847:
841:
834:
827:
823:
819:
791:Tussey Mountain
747:
733:, located near
632:
614:Taconic orogeny
602:
590:
538:
464:
440:
367:Allegany County
294:
284:in the eastern
240:
193:Darton and Taff
83:Castanea Member
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3683:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3337:St. Paul Group
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:Needmore Shale
2873:
2871:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2841:Needmore Shale
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Hamilton Group
2822:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2808:Hamilton Group
2805:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Java Formation
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2343:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Shady Dolomite
2199:
2197:Rome Formation
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Bays Formation
1920:
1918:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1595:Needmore Shale
1592:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1559:Millboro Shale
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1526:Millboro Shale
1523:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1485:Millboro Shale
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1452:Millboro Shale
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Fido Sandstone
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1193:Kendrick Shale
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1064:|journal=
1024:
1015:
1006:
993:
980:
943:
929:
906:
863:
854:
845:
832:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Germany Valley
763:
761:Brush Mountain
758:
753:
746:
743:
646:blast furnaces
631:
628:
601:
598:
589:
586:
563:Diplocraterion
537:
534:
518:Bedford County
463:
460:
439:
436:
428:Canoe Mountain
336:Bedford County
293:
290:
244:orthoquartzite
239:
236:
214:ā is a mapped
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
58:
50:
49:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3682:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Cliff-formers
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Harrell Shale
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Bedford Shale
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Sunbury Shale
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2446:
2445:Dunkard Group
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2320:West Virginia
2317:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
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1418:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:Sunbury Shale
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
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1245:
1244:Lee Formation
1242:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Hensley Shale
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
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1189:
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1069:
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1038:
1031:
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1019:
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984:
977:
967:on 2007-12-06
966:
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784:
782:
781:Mount Nittany
779:
777:
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772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
707:rock climbing
704:
703:rock climbing
700:
696:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
658:
653:
649:
647:
644:
641:
637:
630:Economic uses
627:
625:
621:
619:
618:Iapetus Ocean
615:
611:
607:
597:
595:
585:
583:
578:
576:
575:trace fossils
568:
565:
564:
559:
555:
554:Centre County
551:
547:
542:
533:
531:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
497:, and of the
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
472:Clinton Group
469:
459:
457:
453:
452:West Virginia
449:
445:
435:
433:
429:
424:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:U.S. Route 33
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:National Road
351:
349:
345:
341:
340:Juniata River
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
298:
289:
287:
286:United States
283:
279:
278:ridge-formers
274:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
228:West Virginia
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
173:
170:
169:West Virginia
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
121:quartzarenite
119:
115:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
92:Clinton Group
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:Centre County
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3150:
3069:Sheinwoodian
3044:Salina Group
3013:Salina Group
2990:Salina Group
2581:Serpukhovian
1888:
1865:
1817:Sheinwoodian
1263:Serpukhovian
1178:Betsie Shale
1076:
1055:cite journal
1044:the original
1018:
1009:
996:
983:
975:
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
946:
932:
921:. Retrieved
898:. Retrieved
891:the original
882:
857:
848:
824:
811:Nelson Rocks
806:Champe Rocks
801:Seneca Rocks
728:
712:Seneca Rocks
695:Seneca Rocks
693:
662:
633:
624:Ripple marks
622:
603:
591:
579:
572:
567:trace fossil
561:
558:Pennsylvania
527:
522:Pennsylvania
487:Pennsylvania
480:
476:Pennsylvania
465:
444:Pennsylvania
441:
425:
398:Nelson Rocks
390:Champe Rocks
386:Seneca Rocks
371:
352:
325:
317:Appalachians
303:
275:
272:
264:conglomerate
248:subgraywacke
241:
220:Pennsylvania
211:
207:
203:
198:
175:Type section
161:Pennsylvania
132:conglomerate
65:Pennsylvania
3369:Tremadocian
3308:Darriwilian
3238:Utica Shale
2757:Rhinestreet
2632:Tournaisian
1357:Tournaisian
739:via ferrata
685:Spruce Knob
582:Eurypterids
485:in eastern
374:River Knobs
344:Mount Union
334:in central
270:interbeds.
238:Description
123:(sandstone)
75:sedimentary
3604:Categories
3502:Rome Group
3438:Knox Group
3382:Knox Group
3192:Hirnantian
3096:Llandovery
2982:Ludfordian
2910:Lochkovian
2719:Ohio Shale
2535:Bashkirian
2499:Kasimovian
2428:Cisuralian
1839:Llandovery
1725:Ludfordian
1633:Lochkovian
1208:Bashkirian
971:2008-03-16
923:2008-01-26
900:2008-01-26
817:References
689:Dolly Sods
560:, showing
544:Sample of
491:New Jersey
394:Judy Rocks
376:along the
306:water gaps
3670:Telychian
3557:Ediacaran
3421:Furongian
3329:Dapingian
3105:Telychian
2696:Famennian
2517:Moscovian
1848:Telychian
1424:Famennian
1170:Moscovian
421:anticline
256:siltstone
252:sandstone
180:Named for
112:Lithology
88:Underlies
80:Sub-units
47:Telychian
3665:Aeronian
3430:Stage 10
3248:Sandbian
3143:Aeronian
3036:Homerian
3005:Gorstian
2818:Eifelian
2795:Givetian
2734:Frasnian
2481:Gzhelian
2437:Asselian
1876:Aeronian
1794:Homerian
1753:Gorstian
1536:Eifelian
1513:Givetian
1467:Frasnian
1122:Virginia
745:See also
643:smelting
636:ganister
594:Silurian
546:Silurian
503:Virginia
495:New York
456:Virginia
448:Maryland
232:Virginia
224:Maryland
218:unit in
201:Silurian
190:Named by
165:Virginia
157:Maryland
138:Location
102:Overlies
43:Aeronian
3027:Wenlock
2945:Pridoli
2892:Pragian
1785:Wenlock
1688:Pridoli
1605:Pragian
722:of the
659:, 1872)
610:molasse
536:Fossils
332:Narrows
315:of the
308:in the
280:of the
216:bedrock
117:Primary
3299:Middle
3215:Katian
2973:Ludlow
2869:Emsian
2786:Middle
2614:VisƩan
2361:Eocene
2084:Middle
1716:Ludlow
1582:Emsian
1504:Middle
1309:VisƩan
530:member
493:, and
458:, US.
454:, and
396:, and
346:. The
234:, US.
230:, and
167:, and
153:Extent
143:Region
3360:Lower
3183:Upper
2860:Lower
2687:Upper
2102:Lower
1916:Upper
1573:Lower
1415:Upper
1047:(PDF)
1040:(PDF)
894:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
359:US 40
328:US 30
268:shale
260:shale
128:Other
1068:help
957:NASA
729:The
687:and
675:and
667:and
640:iron
604:The
408:and
258:and
199:The
94:and
72:Type
2318:of
1120:of
697:in
588:Age
501:in
474:in
434:).
412:.
380:in
365:in
210:or
3606::
3530:pŠ
2409:Pz
2382:Mz
2351:Pe
2340:Cz
2329:Ph
2240:pŠ
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1131:Ph
1059::
1057:}}
1053:{{
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677:55
673:28
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577:.
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489:,
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450:,
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410:55
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388:,
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254:,
250:,
226:,
222:,
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159:,
63:,
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41::
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1066:(
940:.
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903:.
524:.
430:(
357:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
