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royal mummies may be due to their robbery soon after burial, before the oils and resins could soak through the wrappings. It was hoped that
Tutankhamun's mummy could be separated from the coffin by removing some of the outer layers of bandaging. However, the resins and unguents had penetrated the wrappings, adhering the body itself to the coffin. Ultimately, the body had to be chiseled out. The torso was cut in half at the level of the hips to remove the pelvis and legs from the coffin. The arms were disarticulated at the shoulders, elbows, and wrists in order to continue the unwrapping of the torso and to remove bracelets; each body part was treated with hot paraffin wax to stabilise it. The hands and feet were later reattached with resin. Lastly, hot knives were used to remove the head and neck from the mask. To view the condition of the teeth, Derry made an incision around the inner edge of the jaw and across the throat; this damage was repaired with resin. This thorough disarticulation of the body gave clear views of the ends of each of the relevant bones, allowing the anatomists to make an accurate estimate of the king's age. Tutankhamun was estimated to be eighteen at the time of his death and of slight build, with a projected height in life of 1.68 metres (5.5 ft).
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shrouded in "gossamer thin linen, much darkened and decayed". This second coffin showed "distinct signs of the effect of some form of dampness", a fact that Carter found "disconcerting" as it indicated the presence of humidity within the coffins, suggesting the king's mummy would not be as well preserved as hoped. This middle coffin fitted tightly within the outermost, lacked handles and was "exceedingly" heavy. The silver pins securing the lid were withdrawn as far as possible, wrapped with copper wire, and the basin of the outermost coffin was lowered back into the sarcophagus, leaving the middle coffin free, quickly being supported by a wooden tray. The pins were removed, and the lid raised by means of four metal eyelets screwed on to serve as handles. The innermost coffin, made of solid gold, was covered with a red shroud, save for the face, and wore a large floral collar. It was covered from chest to ankles with unguents, which filled the space between the two coffins and stuck them firmly together. The narrow space between the coffins meant the gold nails that secured the lid could not be withdrawn, and were instead "removed piecemeal" with screwdrivers. Finally, on 28 October 1925, the "lid was raised by its golden handles and the mummy of the king was disclosed".
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surrounded by cotton wool and secured by modern bandages, had deteriorated since last photographed by Carter's team in 1926. The beaded skull-cap had disappeared, as had most of the skin on the head. The eyes appeared to be wide open as the eyelids had been destroyed, and the ears were broken off. The ribs had been sawn off and the front of the king's chest, including sternum and clavicles, had been removed. Stray beads from the large beaded collar were seen scattered in the torso on the X-rays. The limbs had been moved and further disarticulated, with the left hand and thumb of the right hand found in the sand under the body. Although not mentioned by
Harrison, the king's penis was also missing. The additional damage to the mummy and the removal of the skullcap and collar likely occurred during World War II, and components suggested to be from the collar have since appeared on the antiquities market.
384:. Carter had intended the examination to take place at the start of the excavation season in October but it had been delayed by a month to allow Pierre Lacau to attend. It was conducted by the anatomists Douglas Derry, the professor of anatomy at Cairo's School of Medicine, and Saleh Hamdi Bey, the former head of the same school. Those present on the first day included government officials, Egyptologists, and members of Carter's team. The external ornaments of the mummy had been removed, except for the firmly-stuck mask. This examination was an unprecedented opportunity to study the methods and techniques used in the wrapping of a royal mummy. However, the outermost layers of linen were very fragile making it immediately apparent that "no orderly unwrapping was possible". Instead, the fabric was stabilised with a very thin layer of liquid
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reaction, characterised by Carter as "a kind of slow spontaneous combustion", which carbonised the linen wrappings. The combination of heat and humidity had negatively affected the trappings of the mummy too. The crook and flail had disintegrated, the resin scarab was cracked, and the threads securing the separate hands and mummy bands were decayed, rendering the whole assemblage very fragile and which "fell apart at the slightest touch". Furthermore, the unguents had hardened over the millennia, sticking the mummy and mask to the bottom of the coffin. Attempts were made to separate the mummy from the inner and middle coffin troughs by placing them in the midday sun for several hours, with the temperature reaching 65 °C (149 °F). However, the mummy remained "firmly fixed" to the coffin so the initial examination was carried out
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embalmer. His arms are crossed horizontally over the torso instead of diagonally over the chest, and his penis was embalmed in an erect position. Salima Ikram has suggested that these variations are deliberate, reflecting the restoration of traditional ancient
Egyptian religion during his reign. The position of his arms, with elbows jutting, combined with his ithyphallic pose and the copious use of dark oils and resins, make the dead king into the image of Osiris, god of the dead and regeneration. Marianne Eaton-Krauss cautions that royal mummifications were not standardised in the Eighteenth Dynasty and the known mummies of rulers closest to Tutankhamun, those of Amenhotep III and the KV55 mummy, are largely skeletonised and cannot be used for comparison.
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through an embalming incision approximately 86 millimetres (3.4 in) long, running from the navel to the left hip bone. This location is different to other royal mummies of that time period, who have the incision running from hip to groin. This cut was covered by an embalming plate, although not placed directly on the skin but in the bandage layers above. The body cavity packed with resin-soaked linen which had set to "rock-like hardness". The king's penis was wrapped separately and placed into an erect (ithyphallic) position, held in place by the crossed bandages; Derry could not say if he was circumcised. No pubic hair was evident, and the scrotum was flattened against the perineum. The toes were covered by gold stalls and the feet wore gold sandals.
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portrait of the king, his face and hands of a lighter-coloured gold alloy than the rest of the coffin, "conveying an impression of the greyness of death". Around the vulture and uraeus on his brow was placed a "tiny wreath of flowers...still retaining their colour". The sarcophagus lid was left suspended, as a tour was scheduled for reporters the following day, along with the wives of Carter's collaborators. The visit of the wives was refused by government officials, a note from
Mohammed Pasha Zaghlul informed Carter that the wives would need permission to visit. Carter and his team, citing "impossible restrictions and discourtesies" resigned in protest, closing the tomb and suspending work. Under the direction of the Egyptian government,
456:. His head was shaved, and wore a tight-fitting linen cap with a gold brow-band and a beaded design of uraei. The eyes, with long eyelashes, were partly open; no padding had been placed in the orbits. The nose was flattened by the layers of bandaging and the nostrils were plugged with rolls of resin-soaked linen. The brain had been removed through the nose and resin introduced into the skull cavity. The top lip had drawn back a little to reveal large front teeth which were smeared with resin. The face was clean-shaven; on the left cheek near the ear was a "rounded depression...resembling a scab". The "small and well made" ears were pierced for earrings, the hole measuring 7.5 millimetres (0.30 in) in diameter.
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bandaging. James Gamble suggests that the foot is not clubbed but a result of
Tutankhamun habitually walking on the outside of his foot due to the pain caused by the necrosis. Depictions of Tutankhamun doing archery while seated and the presence of 130 canes in the tomb was used as evidence to support Hawass's claim that Tutankhamun had a walking impairment. However, both are indications of prestige, not a reflection of their owner's health. Depictions of kings shooting while seated date back to the Old Kingdom and canes were common symbols of status in ancient Egypt and frequently included in burials. The canes show no sign of heavy use and his footwear shows even wear on both feet.
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159:. After an initial examination of the 3,300-year-old mummy, it was estimated that Tutankhamun was a teenager of approximately 19 years of age when he died. Since it was believed that Tutankhamun became king as a child no more than ten years old, many refer to him as the "Boy-King" or "Child-King". Following the discovery of Tutankhamun's mummy, much debate has arisen as to his exact cause of death. This has led to numerous medical studies and procedures performed on his remains. As medical technology has advanced throughout the years, new techniques have been utilized on the mummy to discover the true age,
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on other noble mummies of the same era. Large quantities of folded linen pads were used over the torso and thighs to provide shape. The outermost and innermost bandages were of extremely fine linen while the middle layers of bandages were of coarser fabric. Elaborate bandaging was noted over the shoulders and chest, with bandages criss-crossed over the shoulders and around the torso; a similar arrangement was seen around the crotch. The limbs were first separately wrapped, as were the fingers and toes, which were capped with gold
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due to blunt force trauma was ruled out. He also had a small cleft palate that probably went unnoticed, and the elongated shape of his skull was within the normal range and appeared to be a family trait. Based on bone maturity and his wisdom teeth, Tutankhamun was confirmed to be 19 years old at the time of his death. The CT scan proved
Tutankhamun was in good health and did not show any signs of disease. The study suggested that a previously unnoticed leg fracture may have contributed to his death.
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third shrines were intact, sealed with stamped cords; the doors of the innermost shrine were left unsealed in antiquity. These unbroken seals, with no evidence of re-sealing, indicated that the 3300 year old burial of the king was intact. Over the course of eighty days, the shrines were dismantled and removed from the chamber. On 3 January 1924, the doors of the third and fourth (innermost) shrines were opened, revealing the king's sarcophagus, of yellow
492:-sceptre, and a carnelian snake head, all suspended on gold wires. Eight further amulets were of sheet gold in various forms including uraei, vultures, and a human-headed winged snake, were tied around the neck by strings. The chest and upper torso was covered in thirty-five objects such as sheet gold collars; flexible inlaid collars; a resin scarab on a long wire; bracelets; and large pectoral necklaces distributed over thirteen bandage layers.
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Salima Ikram consider the latter two theories unlikely. They suggest that as the king was apparently an experienced charioteer (six were found in his tomb), he would be unlikely to stand in range of a horse kick. Additionally, even if a hippo was encountered, his bodyguards would have protected him; Thutmose III was protected by his guards from an attacking elephant while hunting.
499:, and display a wide variety of techniques and materials. Rings of various materials including gold, stone, and resin were also included in the wrappings, with a group of five over the right wrist, and eight beside the left wrist. Tutankhamun wore two gold rings on the middle and ring fingers of his left hand; the bezels depict a kneeling king presenting a figure of the goddess
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initially believed to be the result of the embalming process. The fact that skull fragments were discovered led many to assume the king was murdered by a blow to the head, but the X-ray could not support or discredit this theory. His age at death was again estimated to be around 18, with a projected height in life of 168.9 centimetres (5 ft 6.5 in).
664:. There are many educated and respected Egyptologists as well as trained professionals in other fields who have devoted a lot of time researching Tutankhamun and who have varying beliefs to his cause of death. Some have stood by their theories even in light of new evidence. Some of the theories are better known and supported than others.
313:-bird with outstretched wings. The mummy bands were constructed of separate gold plaques linked together along the sides by strings of tiny beads. They overlaid the vertical and horizontal fabric bands that secured the shroud at the centre front, biceps, hips, knees, and ankles. The text of the single vertical band has speeches by
204:, which Davis declared to be Tutankhamun's tomb. However, Carter believed that the king's tomb was still undiscovered, hidden under piles of debris from earlier excavations. Following a systematic clearance that began in 1917, Carter's team would discover the real tomb of Tutankhamun on 4 November 1922.
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The examination of the king's mummy was little-reported in both Arab and
Western media at the time. Ikram observes that "the king's body was of less interest to the public than his treasures, or the alleged curse", which continued to be published on into the 1930s, after the clearance of the tomb was
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uses the original assumption from Carter's examination that
Tutankhamun had a quick burial ceremony since some elements of the mummification appeared rushed, as proof that he needed to be buried quickly following his unexpected death because the man who was next in line for the throne wanted to avoid
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An accidental death is often suggested, with varying causes. A chariot crash resulting in either a fatal fall or being run over, a kick from a horse, or trauma sustained in an attack by a hippopotamus are all put forward to explain his early death and the apparent trauma to his chest. Frank Rühli and
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considered the most likely culprit as he stood to gain the most from the young king's early death and ultimately succeeded him as pharaoh. A violent murder is rule out because it is now known that they are a result of the mummy's modern unwrapping as the fragments are loose inside the skull and there
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using a portable machine. The scan allowed for accurate forensic reconstruction of his body and face, as well as further evidence of his cause of death. The results showed that the bone fragments inside the skull had moved, indicating that traumatic injury to the head happened after death, and murder
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The chest was covered by a large bib-like broad collar of small blue and yellow glass beads edged with gold sequins and drop beads. The arms were bent at the elbows and the forearms positioned parallel, left over right, over the torso. The fingers were sheathed in gold stalls. The organs were removed
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The first part of
Tutankhamun's mummy to be exposed was his lower legs and feet, with the examination being carried out from the feet upwards. The body proved to be in very poor condition, being a "greyish-white colour, very brittle and exhibiting numerous cracks". The better preserved state of other
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The removal of the top layers of bandages exposed the first of the 150 objects included within the "voluminous" wrappings of the king's mummy. These items were distributed across many bandage layers and were often grouped together. They included personal jewellery worn by the king in life; ceremonial
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The tomb was robbed twice in antiquity but much was left intact and some areas appeared to be left unscathed. Ancient robbers had entered the burial chamber and unsealed the doors of the outermost of the series of shrines that surrounded
Tutankhamun's sarcophagus. However, the doors of the second and
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The royal bloodline that Tutankhamun's family shared ended with the death of the young pharaoh, and with that came a question of the legitimacy of the following rulers. Since its discovery and widespread popularity, it has led to DNA testing done on it and other mummies from the time period that now
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In 2010, a team led by Zahi Hawass diagnosed Tutankhamun with a clubbed left foot with avascular necrosis of the second and third metatarsals (Köhler disease II). However, the diagnosis of clubfoot is disputed. The 1960s X-ray report noted no abnormalities and characterises both feet as "cramped" by
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Many items were included within and placed throughout the layers of bandaging on the royal mummy. Some objects, such as the gold foil jewellery and amulets, were purely funerary in nature, while others like the bracelets and pectorals were worn by the king in life. In the bandage layers of the head,
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was ordered to cut the locks on the tomb and secure the sarcophagus lid. After a series of events, including the cancellation of the excavation permit, his unsuccessfully suing of the Antiquities Service, and a lecture-tour of America, Carter would return to the excavation in late January 1925 after
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The X-rays revealed two levels of resin inside the skull. One was introduced when the body was lying on its back, pooling at the back of the head; the other when the head was tilted far back, settling at the top of the skull. Also present in the skull cavity were small bone fragments which Harrison
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The examination of Tutankhamun's mummy concluded on 19 November 1925. The dismembered mummy was placed on a wooden tray filled with sand, surrounded by a packing of cotton wool and fabric bandages. The beaded linen skull-cap on the head and broad collar on the chest were treated with a layer of wax
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The inner bandages were in worse condition than the exterior layers, having been reduced to dust. As a result, the exact wrapping method and arrangement of the padding and sheets was for the most part "impossible to follow". In general, the wrapping techniques and methods conformed to what was seen
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Tutankhamun's tomb was the only one in the Valley of the Kings that was not very disturbed by grave robbers, allowing Carter to uncover many artifacts and the untouched mummy. It gave insight into the royal burials, mummification, and tombs of the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty. Tutankhamun's mummy is
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The initial 1925 examination did not mention any signs of disease, and the first X-ray study ruled out tuberculosis. Subsequently, a wide variety of health conditions have been proposed for Tutankhamun, based on both his unusual depiction in art and his mummy. The theorised conditions are many and
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On the abdomen were Y and T-shaped sheet gold amulets; several necklaces, including a broad collar of dark blue faience beads; a bracelet or armlet; and a bead girdle. Around his waist and hips were two gold foil girdles with ceremonial tails; each had an associated kilt apron laid over the thighs
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Regardless of the exact cause, it is clear that the young king's death was unexpected. The placement of the mummy's embalming incision is unique. This, combined with the two levels of resin inside his skull, have led to suggestions that an initial mummification was carried out by an inexperienced
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The 2010 study attributed Tutankhamun's early death to a combination of multiple factors including a leg fracture and malaria. The fracture of the left leg has resin within it, indicating an associated open wound was present at the time of death. They suggest that the fracture was the result of a
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Tutankhamun's mummy has been studied to provide more information about his general health and to look for any conditions that may have contributed to his death. Analysis of the body is complicated by the poor condition of the mummy and damage sustained during its disarticulation. The many varying
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On 12 February 1924, the lid of the sarcophagus was raised in the presence of Egyptian government officials and Egyptologists. Within lay the 2.1-metre (7 ft) long outermost mummiform coffin of gilded wood, covered by linen shrouds. The shrouds were rolled back, revealing the coffin bore the
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The nested coffins were opened the following excavation season, in late 1925. The lid of the outermost coffin, secured by silver pins with gilded heads, was raised on its silver handles to reveal a second mummiform coffin, extensively inlaid with coloured glass, wreathed with floral garlands and
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Since the discovery of Tutankhamun's mummy, there has been a lot of speculation and theories on the exact cause of death, which until recent studies had been hard to prove with the evidence and data available. While it was a widely debated topic for many Egyptologists, it had also spread to the
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From September 2007 to October 2009, eleven royal mummies of the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty underwent extensive genetic and radiological testing. A team of doctors, under the leadership of Zahi Hawass, took DNA samples from bone tissue of the eleven mummies to determine a family pedigree and to
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The initial examination of the mummy reported the body showed "no traces of the cause or causes of the young king's death". Bone fragments seen inside the skull in the 1960s X-rays led Harrison to propose that Tutankhamun died from a blow to the head. This has led to "endless speculation as to
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The outer wrappings and ornaments of Tutankhamun's mummy were in a deteriorated state. Carter estimated that "something like two bucketsful" of unguents had been poured over the mummy, which was a source of humidity within the closed coffins. Additionally, the unguents had undergone a chemical
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Tutankhamun's wrapped mummy lay at a slight angle within the coffin. The level of dark unguents differed between the right and left sides, suggesting that the coffin had tilted, presumably while being lowered into the sarcophagus. The life-like curves of the body were reproduced with layers of
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In 1968 R. G. Harrison, a professor of anatomy, used a portable X-ray machine to re-examine the mummy of Tutankhamun. Harrison quickly discovered that Carter had dismembered the mummy, something that is not mentioned in his publication but visible in photographs of the unwrapping. The mummy,
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Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Yehia Z.; Ismail, Somaia; Khairat, Rabab; Fathalla, Dina; Hasan, Naglaa; Ahmed, Amal; Elleithy, Hisham; Ball, Markus; Gaballah, Fawzi; Wasef, Sally; Fateen, Mohamed; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Selim, Ashraf; Zink, Albert; Pusch, Carsten M. (17 February 2010).
507:(one of beadwork, and one of flexible inlaid gold plates) and dagger on the right side. One of these daggers had an iron blade, now known to be made of meteoric iron. Additionally, seven bracelets or armlets and four inlaid collars were placed over the knees and shins.
444:, the drying agent used in the mummification process, were present on the head and shoulders. Tutankhamun's face, when finally revealed, had a "serene and placid countenance", recognisable from his monuments. He was noted as bearing a close resemblance to the
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In 1926, following the conclusion of the initial examination, Tutankhamun's mummy was placed back into his gilded outermost coffin, which was then put back into the sarcophagus; a sheet of glass was placed over the top, allowing visitors to view the coffin.
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Comelli, Daniela; D'orazio, Massimo; Folco, Luigi; El-Halwagy, Mahmud; Frizzi, Tommaso; Alberti, Roberto; Capogrosso, Valentina; Elnaggar, Abdelrazek; Hassan, Hala; Nevin, Austin; Porcelli, Franco; Rashed, Mohamed G.; Valentini, Gianluca (July 2016).
118:. The discovery of the tomb as a whole was one of the most significant and famous archaeological discoveries in modern times. There has been much speculation about the king's life and cause of death since very little information about him is known.
750:, when the linen-wrapped mummy was removed from its golden coffin to a climate-controlled glass box. The case was designed to prevent the heightened rate of decomposition caused by the humidity and warmth from tourists visiting the tomb.
2910:; Shafik, M.; Rühli, F. J.; Selim, A.; El-Sheikh, E.; Abdel Fatah, S.; Amer, H.; Gaballa, F.; Gamal Eldin, A.; Egarter-Vigl, E.; Gostner, P. (2007). "Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, ca. 1300 BC".
448:, having the same uncommon broad and low (platycephalic) skull shape. This similarity indicated a close genetic relationship to the royal line; it was previously thought he had gained the throne only through marriage to
163:, and cause of death of the young pharaoh, speculated by some to be from a blow to the head, battle wound, or a chariot accident, so that some of the mysteries surrounding the "Boy-King" might finally be resolved.
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with falcon-headed terminals. At the throat was a separate triple stranded necklace of faience, red and yellow gold disc beads. The mask is extensively inlaid with coloured glass, faience, and stones including
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general public as popular culture has come up with many conspiracy theories that played out in movies, TV shows, and fictional books. Author James Patterson has even recently written his own take in his book,
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results of the studies "highlight the complexities of palaeopathology: how a single individual, who has been studied in detail by so many groups, can yield so many and sometimes contradictory" results.
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recessive for the sickle cell gene, thus making him not immune to severe malaria, which would have been fatal. This suggestion has been called "interesting and plausible" by the Egyptian team.
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Tutankhamun's forearms were covered from elbow to wrist with 11 bracelets (seven on the right arm and six on the left), all of which were likely worn in life, and bore devices of scarabs,
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Sewn onto the shroud immediately below the mask were a pair of separate gold hands, holding a decayed crook and flail. Between the hands sat a large resin scarab, bearing the image of the
267:, which had fallen back slightly, its "gaze straight up to the heavens". Characterised by Carter as a "beautiful and unique specimen of ancient portraiture" it depicts the king as the god
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better fits the pathologies exhibited by the king. They suggest that the sickle-cell disease turned fatal when Tutankhamun also contracted severe malaria. He is expected to have been
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is no evidence of bone thinning or calcified membranes indicative of a fatal blow to the head. Death as a result of a brain tumor was also not supported by anatomical studies.
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obtained the concession to excavate in the Valley of the Kings. Carter believed the Valley contained at least one more royal tomb, that of Tutankhamun. Excavators working for
404:, to protect and assist the deceased king in his journey to the afterlife. The examination slowed to allow the careful exposure, recording, and photographing of the objects.
337:. Along the sides, the bands became "festoons of even more ornate straps" attached to the horizontal bands and made of "elaborate small inlaid gold plaques" in the forms of
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had altered many Egyptian cultural aspects during his reign, and one of Tutankhamun's many restoration policies included changing the political capital from Akhenaten's
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The burial chamber was found in 1922, but was not opened until a year later. Two years passed between the discovery of the tomb and that of the mummy and its famous
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a power struggle that might have occurred if the burial process had taken too long. By speeding up the burial ceremony, the new pharaoh maintained order in Egypt.
638:, suggested to explain the increased religiosity in the reigns of his immediate predecessors and their early deaths, has little physical evidence to support it.
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The mummy was in poor condition, being a greyish colour, and covered in numerous cracks. The head was a darker colour but in much the same condition. Spots of
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fall, and turned fatal either through infection or in combination with a severe malarial infection. However, Christian Timmann and Christian Meyer argue that
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Before us, occupying the whole of the interior of the golden coffin, was an impressive, neat and carefully made mummy, over which had been poured anointing
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analysis undertaken by the same team determined that Tutankhamun and the KV55 mummy had the same blood group, further indicating a familial relationship.
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200:, the previous holder of the concession, had discovered artefacts bearing his name clustered in the centre of the Valley, including the small pit tomb
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varied; those that involve internal organs or soft tissue are hard to prove due to their mummified state. Those that affect fertility such as an
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determine if any familial or pathological diseases caused Tutankhamun's death. The study was able to provide a five-generation pedigree, and the
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626:(pigeon chest) cannot be proven as the front wall of the chest is missing. His skull shape, although unusual, shows no signs of resulting from
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BCE. A majority of his reign was devoted to restoring Egyptian culture, including religious and political policies; his predecessor and father
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On 4 November 2007, 85 years to the day after Carter's discovery, Tutankhamun's mummy was placed on display in his underground tomb at
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Harrison, R. G.; Connolly, R. C.; Abdalla, A. (October 1969). "Kinship of Smenkhkare and Tutankhamen Demonstrated Serologically".
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before a central incision was made from the edge of the mask to the ankles, and the fabric was peeled back and removed in pieces.
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Who Killed King Tut? : using modern forensics to solve a 3,300-year-old mystery : with new data on the Egyptian CT scan
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Around his neck were twenty amulets of various forms and materials including stones such as a red jasper tyet, a green feldspar
479:-headdress with a gold brow band, flexible gold uraeus, and Nekhbet-vulture with open wings across the top of the head. An iron
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Markel, H. (17 February 2010). "King Tutankhamun, modern medical science, and the expanding boundaries of historical inquiry".
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and left in place. The body was returned to the outermost coffin within the sarcophagus on the morning of 23 October 1926.
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575:. Based on all the data, the study concluded the most likely cause of death for the young king was the combination of
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were identified as Tutankhamun's sibling parents. Four of the mummies, including Tutankhamun, were shown to have had
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The unwrapping and examination of Tutankhamun's mummy began at 9:45am on 11 November 1925 in the outer corridor of
307:, suspended on flexible straps. Below these were gold mummy bands with inlaid text, originating from a large gold
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3015:Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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400:; and funerary jewellery and amulets, the quantity, materials, and positions of which were dictated by the
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over 3,300 years old. Tutankhamun's mummy is the only royal mummy to have been found entirely undisturbed.
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Kawai, Nozomu (2023). "Neferneferuaten from the Tomb of Tutankhamun Revisited". In Lacovara, Peter (ed.).
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277:-headdress with vulture and uraeus emblems at the brow. Over the shoulders the mask takes the form of a
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while the four horizontal bands declare the deceased king is "honoured before" the funerary deities
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Timmann, Christian; Meyer, Christian G. (23 June 2010). "King Tutankhamun's Family and Demise".
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as in the outside of its coffin - again in great quantity - consolidated and blackened by age.
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Derry, Douglas (1927). "Appendix I: Report Upon The Examination Of Tut-Ankh-Amen's Mummy".
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was found at the back of the head and a four-stranded bead necklace was across the throat.
371:
Anatomist Douglas Derry makes the first incision into the wrappings of Tutankhamun's mummy.
263:
padding beneath the tight outer shroud. Covering the head and shoulders of the mummy was a
137:
104:
3387:
The Murder of King Tut : the plot to kill the child king : a nonfiction thriller
2398:
8:
3773:
3723:
326:
264:
176:
115:
92:
47:
3305:
668:
whether (or how) the king was brutally attacked or murdered", with Tutankhamun's vizier
3855:
3621:
3385:
3249:
3189:
3064:
2895:
2858:
2594:
2370:
702:
682:
576:
3543:
3038:. In Ullmann, Martina; Pieke, Gabriele; Hoffmann, Friedhelm; Bayer, Christian (eds.).
2350:
3871:
3585:
3547:
3518:
3482:
3462:
3440:
3425:
3391:
3350:
3319:
3195:
3174:
3127:
3101:
3043:
2991:
2981:
2955:
2947:
2887:
2862:
2827:
2816:
2802:
2716:
2710:
2695:
2669:
2639:
2633:
2533:
2527:
2404:
2375:
470:
290:, feldspar, and obsidian. The back of the mask is inscribed with Chapter 151b of the
197:
3078:
Ikram, Salima (2022). "The Most Famous Mummy of All is Nebkheperure Tutankhamen's".
2598:
3887:
3801:
3738:
3676:
3539:
3510:
3474:
3421:
3342:
3309:
3241:
2939:
2899:
2879:
2850:
2794:
2584:
2576:
2365:
623:
568:
432:
Tutankhamun's mummified head wearing a cap with beaded uraei with the names of the
292:
3559:
Williams, A. R. (2005). "Modern Technology Reopens the Ancient Case of King Tut".
3903:
3617:
3381:
3368:
3036:"An Epistolary Footnote: Howard Carter, Saleh Hamdi Bey, and Tutankhamun's Mummy"
631:
622:, or the proposed "Tutankhamun syndrome", or affect the ribs and sternum such as
428:
346:
249:
Tutankhamun's mummy within the innermost coffin, as revealed in late October 1925
3816:
3478:
3333:
3091:
2351:"The skull and cervical spine radiographs of Tutankhamen: a critical appraisal"
588:
475:
156:
2995:
2854:
1770:
3923:
3786:
3743:
3733:
3691:
2951:
599:
397:
314:
84:
68:
2841:
Harrison, R. G.; Abdalla, A. B. (March 1972). "The remains of Tutankhamun".
719:
give a proven family tree for many of the royalty during the 18th Dynasty.
3681:
3522:
3486:
3354:
3323:
3003:
2959:
2806:
2379:
734:
669:
615:
496:
453:
385:
283:
229:
133:
3551:
3514:
3346:
2943:
2891:
2798:
738:
Tutankhamun's mummy displayed in a climate-controlled case within his tomb
3657:
2907:
2785:
Gamble, James G. (23 June 2010). "King Tutankhamun's Family and Demise".
1963:
757:
in Cairo, to be displayed together with the entire contents of his tomb.
546:
488:
330:
127:
96:
3530:
Walshe, J.M. (January 1973). "Tutankhamun: Klinefelter's Or Wilson's?".
3412:
Paulshock, Bernadine Z. (11 July 1980). "Tutankhamun and His Brothers".
2589:
722:
A public interest in archaeology rose after the discovery of the mummy.
524:
X-ray of Tutankhamun's head showing two levels of resin inside the skull
233:
reaching a new agreement regarding the continued clearance of the tomb.
181:
3863:
3253:
2814:
Gilbert, Katherine Stoddert; Holt, Joan K.; Hudson, Sara, eds. (1976).
2580:
686:
3436:
The Complete Tutankhamun : The King, The Tomb, The Royal Treasure
3671:
3122:
James, T.G.H. (2001). "Carter, Howard". In Redford, Donald B. (ed.).
2883:
2394:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1446:
449:
345:, uraei, and cartouches. The bands were originally been prepared for
287:
217:
160:
148:
3314:
3289:
3245:
3040:
Up and down the Nile : ägyptologische Studien für Regine Schulz
3035:
2738:
469:
Tutankhamun wore various forms of headwear including an inlaid gold
2134:
1838:
534:
334:
2977:
Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies
2619:. By Carter, Howard. London: Cassell and Company. pp. 143–161
2553:
1889:
1850:
1776:
520:
503:, and a lunar barque atop a lapis lazuli background respectively.
211:
The unbroken seal securing the doors of the second or third shrine
3463:"Purported medical diagnoses of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, c. 1325 BC-"
715:
the only royal mummy found undisturbed in unwrappable condition.
572:
550:
355:
255:
221:
2266:
2122:
2076:
2074:
1545:
1543:
1541:
3606:
441:
322:
268:
152:
3626:
2194:
1801:
1799:
1797:
813:
2349:
Boyer, R.S.; Rodin, E.A.; Grey, T.C.; Connolly, R.C. (2003).
2206:
2071:
1987:
1924:
1538:
747:
480:
300:
278:
273:
108:
2230:
1661:
1659:
1509:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1257:
1255:
3696:
2059:
2011:
1794:
564:
500:
433:
381:
342:
338:
201:
186:
88:
43:
3582:
The Shadow King: The Bizarre Afterlife of King Tut's Mummy
3188:
King, Michael R.; Cooper, Gregory M.; DeNevi, Don (2006).
2557:"The meteoritic origin of Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade"
1953:
1951:
1579:
1073:
1071:
825:
2254:
2086:
1782:
1758:
1746:
1722:
1698:
1656:
1417:
1252:
1136:
318:
3008:"Some Thoughts on the Mummification of King Tutankhamun"
2278:
2182:
2170:
2146:
1688:
1686:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1603:
1485:
1463:
1461:
1352:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1291:
1206:
1204:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1102:
1100:
1098:
993:
969:
873:
753:
As of mid-2022, there are plans to move his body to the
3173:. Columbus, Georgia: Lockwood Press. pp. 109–121.
3143:"A Royal Fishing and Fowling Talatat Scene from Amarna"
2869:
2326:
2290:
2035:
1948:
1936:
1912:
1867:
1865:
1844:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1228:
1148:
1068:
1044:
1032:
1022:
1020:
957:
933:
897:
709:
3097:
Howard Carter: The Path to Tutankhamun, Second Edition
2924:
2906:
2737:
Forbes, Dennis; Ikram, Salima; Kamrin, Janice (2007).
2348:
2140:
2098:
1969:
1906:
1883:
1856:
1452:
885:
2928:"Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family"
2668:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 452–453.
2314:
2302:
2218:
2023:
1734:
1710:
1683:
1671:
1644:
1627:
1591:
1567:
1458:
1405:
1376:
1320:
1201:
1160:
1095:
1083:
788:
786:
3171:
Wonderful Things: Essays in Honor of Nicholas Reeves
2158:
1975:
1862:
1816:
1814:
1521:
1473:
1388:
1364:
1342:
1340:
1303:
1279:
1267:
1240:
1216:
1189:
1177:
1124:
1017:
1005:
981:
945:
921:
909:
861:
837:
549:, Tutankhamun's mummy was removed from his tomb and
2712:
Tutankhamen : the life and death of a boy-king
2047:
1826:
1434:
1112:
271:with a curled divine beard and wearing the striped
3126:(2005 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2815:
2242:
2110:
1999:
1615:
1555:
1056:
803:
801:
783:
3390:(2010 ed.). New York: Little, Brown and Co.
2813:
2736:
2666:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt Volume 3
1811:
1549:
1497:
1337:
3921:
3187:
2080:
849:
33:The mummy of Tutankhamun as photographed in 1926
3380:
3218:The Human Remains From The Tomb of Tut'ankhamun
2840:
2065:
1993:
1930:
1805:
1515:
798:
463:
2467:"4th Season Exacavation Journal: 29 Oct. 1925"
2446:"4th Season Exacavation Journal: 28 Oct. 1925"
166:
3642:
3270:"Tutankhamen 'killed by sickle-cell disease'"
2913:Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte
2488:"5th Season Excavation Journal: 23 Oct. 1926"
2400:The Murder of Tutankhamen : a true story
3500:
3439:(2007 ed.). London: Thames and Hudson.
2973:
2689:
2659:
2272:
2236:
2212:
2200:
2128:
2092:
2017:
819:
545:On January 15, 2005, under the direction of
303:-bird and inscribed with Chapter 29b of the
423:
185:Cross-section of shrines and sarcophagi in
3649:
3635:
3460:
3364:"3,000 years old: the face of Tutankhaten"
3069:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2525:
2424:
2296:
2188:
2176:
2041:
1957:
1942:
1918:
879:
831:
3411:
3313:
3290:"Ancient DNA: Curse of the Pharaoh's DNA"
2588:
2369:
392:items of clothing; weapons, including an
3584:. Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press.
3579:
3558:
3361:
3287:
3267:
3124:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
2708:
2529:The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamen
2358:AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
2320:
2284:
2224:
2152:
1981:
1871:
733:
519:
427:
366:
244:
206:
180:
132:Tutankhamun was the 13th pharaoh of the
87:and his team on 28 October 1925 in tomb
3234:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
3140:
2761:
2631:
2464:
2164:
2029:
1832:
1118:
3922:
3529:
3432:
3330:
3080:KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt
2784:
2506:
2485:
2443:
2104:
2005:
1788:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1677:
1665:
1650:
1638:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1467:
1411:
1382:
1331:
1261:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1195:
1171:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1106:
1089:
1077:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1011:
963:
951:
939:
903:
891:
867:
843:
692:
362:
349:and later altered to fit Tutankhamun.
192:In 1914 Howard Carter and his sponsor
3630:
3168:
3121:
3090:
3077:
3033:
3002:
2612:
2492:Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
2471:Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
2450:Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation
2393:
2332:
2308:
2260:
2248:
2116:
2053:
1845:Harrison, Connolly & Abdalla 1969
1820:
1609:
1532:
1491:
1440:
1399:
1370:
1358:
1314:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1246:
1183:
999:
987:
975:
927:
915:
855:
792:
645:DNA testing revealed the presence of
194:George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon
3362:McCarthy, Michael (5 October 2007).
3224:
3215:
2974:Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar (2016).
2764:"An Egyptian Gold Necklace for Sale"
2526:Carter, Howard; Mace, A. C. (1977).
2425:Carter, Howard; Mace, A. C. (1923).
1621:
1503:
1479:
1428:
1346:
807:
710:Implications and impact of discovery
610:) are disproven by his fathering of
240:
173:Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun
2635:The Mysterious Death of Tutankhamun
2561:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
729:
651:, the most severe type of malaria.
121:
13:
3573:
767:List of Egyptian mummies (royalty)
14:
3951:
3687:317a and 317b mummies (daughters)
3599:
3509:(24): 2473, author reply 2473–5.
3230:"Work at the Tomb of Tutankhamun"
3194:. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
2793:(24): 2472, author reply 2473–5.
2616:The Tomb of Tutankhamen Volume II
2510:The Tomb of Tutankhamen Volume II
654:
16:Anatomical remains of the pharaoh
3705:
3605:
3426:10.1001/jama.1980.03310020036024
2715:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2638:. New York: Carroll & Graf.
2532:. New York: Dover Publications.
2428:The Tomb of Tutankhamen Volume I
510:
27:
3940:1925 archaeological discoveries
3656:
3461:Rühli, F.J.; Ikram, S. (2013).
2690:Eaton-Krauss, Marianne (2016).
2664:. In Redford, Donald B. (ed.).
2660:Eaton-Krauss, Marianne (2001).
2341:
1550:Forbes, Ikram & Kamrin 2007
540:
2824:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2081:King, Cooper & DeNevi 2006
579:, malaria and a leg fracture.
557:
515:
436:at the centres of their hoods.
1:
3544:10.1016/S0140-6736(73)90516-3
3268:Marchant, Jo (25 June 2010).
3220:. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
3042:. Münster. pp. 205–208.
2513:. London: Cassell and Company
2431:. London: Cassell and Company
772:
375:
141:
140:and ruled for about a decade
3881:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb
3849:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb
3841:Of Time, Tombs and Treasures
3141:Johnson, W. Raymond (2015).
2739:"Tutankhamen's Missing Ribs"
2709:El Mahdy, Christine (1999).
777:
464:Objects within the wrappings
99:was the 13th pharaoh of the
7:
3692:Amenhotep III (grandfather)
3677:"The Younger Lady" (mother)
2980:. Oxford University Press.
2403:. New York: Berkley Books.
2066:Patterson & Dugard 2009
1994:Harrison & Abdalla 1972
1931:Harrison & Abdalla 1972
1806:Harrison & Abdalla 1972
1516:Harrison & Abdalla 1972
760:
167:Discovery of tomb and mummy
10:
3956:
3479:10.1016/j.jchb.2013.08.006
586:
170:
125:
3830:
3772:
3714:
3703:
3664:
3433:Reeves, Nicholas (1990).
3384:; Dugard, Martin (2009).
2855:10.1017/S0003598X00053072
620:aromatase excess syndrome
614:. Disorders that produce
582:
64:
54:
38:
26:
3930:Ancient Egyptian mummies
3372:. London. Archived from
2818:Treasures of Tutankhamun
2694:. New York: Bloomsbury.
2494:. The Griffith Institute
2473:. The Griffith Institute
2465:Carter, Howard (1925b).
2452:. The Griffith Institute
2237:Hawass & Saleem 2016
2213:Timmann & Meyer 2010
2201:Hawass & Saleem 2016
2129:Hawass & Saleem 2016
2093:Timmann & Meyer 2010
608:adiposogenital dystrophy
606:, or Fröhlich syndrome (
589:Tutankhamun § Death
424:Description of the mummy
396:now known to be made of
83:by English Egyptologist
3618:Howard Carter's diaries
3216:Leek, F. Filce (1972).
2692:The Unknown Tutankhamun
2573:2016M&PS...51.1301C
2507:Carter, Howard (1927).
2486:Carter, Howard (1926).
2444:Carter, Howard (1925).
3034:Ikram, Salima (2021).
2762:Gabolde, Marc (2016).
2632:Doherty, Paul (2002).
2297:Carter & Mace 1977
2189:Rühli & Ikram 2013
2177:Rühli & Ikram 2013
2042:Rühli & Ikram 2013
1958:Rühli & Ikram 2013
1943:Rühli & Ikram 2013
1919:Rühli & Ikram 2013
880:Carter & Mace 1923
832:Carter & Mace 1923
739:
662:The Murder of King Tut
636:temporal lobe epilepsy
628:Antley–Bixler syndrome
525:
437:
372:
260:
250:
212:
189:
3909:Curse of the pharaohs
3580:Marchant, Jo (2013).
3515:10.1001/jama.2010.822
3347:10.1001/jama.2010.153
3288:Marchant, Jo (2011).
2944:10.1001/jama.2010.121
2799:10.1001/jama.2010.820
1431:, pp. 12–13, 18.
755:Grand Egyptian Museum
737:
648:Plasmodium falciparum
587:Further information:
523:
431:
410:finger and toe stalls
370:
252:
248:
224:lid tinted to match.
210:
184:
3754:Meteoric iron dagger
3614:at Wikimedia Commons
1588:, pp. 113, 116.
604:Klinefelter syndrome
105:New Kingdom of Egypt
3807:Lady Evelyn Herbert
3682:Ankhesenamun (wife)
3612:Tutankhamun's mummy
3561:National Geographic
3376:on 5 November 2007.
3306:2011Natur.472..404M
2275:, pp. 103–104.
2263:, pp. 298–300.
2131:, pp. 101–102.
1972:, pp. 642–643.
1791:, pp. 136–137.
1777:Comelli et al. 2016
1767:, pp. 134–135.
1755:, pp. 130–135.
1731:, pp. 116–117.
1707:, pp. 112–113.
1668:, pp. 129–130.
1612:, pp. 152–155.
1494:, pp. 157–160.
1361:, pp. 150–151.
1300:, pp. 148–149.
1264:, pp. 106–107.
1145:, pp. 111–114.
1002:, pp. 336–383.
978:, pp. 336–337.
822:, pp. 452–453.
693:Mummification style
363:Initial examination
177:Tomb of Tutankhamun
93:Valley of the Kings
77:Tutankhamun's mummy
48:Valley of the Kings
23:
22:Tutankhamun's mummy
3857:Mysteries of Egypt
3843:(1977 documentary)
3697:Tiye (grandmother)
3672:Akhenaten (father)
3622:Griffith Institute
2581:10.1111/maps.12664
1970:Hawass et al. 2010
1907:Hawass et al. 2010
1884:Hawass et al. 2010
1857:Hawass et al. 2007
1453:Hawass et al. 2007
740:
703:Christine El Mahdy
683:sickle cell anemia
577:avascular necrosis
526:
438:
394:iron-bladed dagger
373:
251:
213:
190:
21:
3917:
3916:
3904:Steve Martin song
3899:(2016 miniseries)
3891:(2015 miniseries)
3792:Earl of Carnarvon
3610:Media related to
3538:(7794): 109–110.
3397:978-0-316-03404-3
3300:(7344): 404–406.
3201:978-1-59102-401-9
3180:978-1-957454-91-7
3150:The Akhetaten Sun
3107:978-1-86064-615-7
3049:978-3-96327-084-0
2987:978-977-416-673-0
2878:(5217): 325–326.
2722:978-0-312-26241-9
2701:978-1-47257-561-6
2645:978-0-7867-1075-1
2539:978-0-486-23500-4
2410:978-0-425-16689-5
2335:, pp. 20–21.
2273:Eaton-Krauss 2016
2203:, pp. 96–97.
2141:Boyer et al. 2003
2018:Eaton-Krauss 2016
1237:, pp. 86–87.
1157:, pp. 83–85.
1080:, pp. 82–83.
1053:, pp. 79–82.
1041:, pp. 74–79.
966:, pp. 52–53.
942:, pp. 49–51.
906:, pp. 42–47.
894:, pp. 33–34.
834:, pp. 75–87.
820:Eaton-Krauss 2001
569:KV35 Younger Lady
241:The wrapped mummy
198:Theodore M. Davis
74:
73:
65:Excavated by
3947:
3875:(2005 TV series)
3802:Arthur Callender
3739:Head of Nefertem
3709:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3609:
3595:
3568:
3555:
3526:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3429:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3382:Patterson, James
3377:
3358:
3327:
3317:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3184:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3147:
3137:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3100:. I. B. Tauris.
3087:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3012:
2999:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2921:
2903:
2884:10.1038/224325b0
2866:
2837:
2821:
2810:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2705:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2592:
2567:(7): 1301–1309.
2550:
2548:
2546:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2373:
2355:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1482:, pp. 1–18.
1477:
1471:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1318:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
796:
790:
730:Current location
624:pectus carinatum
402:Book of the Dead
305:Book of the Dead
293:Book of the Dead
146:
145: 1355–1346
143:
122:King Tutankhamun
60:
50:
31:
24:
20:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3832:
3826:
3768:
3716:
3710:
3701:
3660:
3655:
3602:
3592:
3576:
3574:Further reading
3571:
3491:
3489:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3369:The Independent
3315:10.1038/472404a
3278:
3276:
3258:
3256:
3246:10.2307/3258745
3226:Mace, Arthur C.
3206:
3204:
3202:
3181:
3159:
3157:
3145:
3134:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3092:James, T. G. H.
3062:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3024:
3022:
3010:
2988:
2964:
2962:
2834:
2775:
2773:
2766:
2752:
2750:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2702:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2622:
2620:
2603:
2601:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2516:
2514:
2497:
2495:
2476:
2474:
2455:
2453:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2384:
2382:
2353:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2215:, p. 1279.
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
799:
791:
784:
780:
775:
763:
732:
712:
695:
657:
632:Marfan syndrome
591:
585:
560:
543:
518:
513:
481:headrest amulet
466:
426:
378:
365:
347:Neferneferuaten
243:
179:
171:Main articles:
169:
144:
130:
124:
59:28 October 1925
58:
55:Date discovered
42:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3817:Albert Lythgoe
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3615:
3601:
3600:External links
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:978-0306821332
3590:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3556:
3527:
3498:
3458:
3445:
3430:
3420:(2): 160–164.
3409:
3396:
3378:
3359:
3341:(7): 667–668.
3328:
3285:
3265:
3222:
3213:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3166:
3138:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3088:
3075:
3048:
3031:
3000:
2986:
2971:
2938:(7): 638–647.
2922:
2904:
2867:
2838:
2832:
2811:
2782:
2759:
2734:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2657:
2644:
2629:
2610:
2551:
2538:
2523:
2504:
2483:
2462:
2441:
2422:
2409:
2391:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2311:, p. 208.
2301:
2289:
2287:, p. 298.
2277:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2239:, p. 206.
2229:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2155:, p. 303.
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2107:, p. 139.
2097:
2085:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2020:, p. 105.
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1888:
1886:, p. 641.
1876:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1810:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1743:, p. 129.
1733:
1721:
1719:, p. 118.
1709:
1697:
1695:, p. 110.
1682:
1680:, p. 137.
1670:
1655:
1653:, p. 128.
1643:
1641:, p. 127.
1626:
1614:
1602:
1600:, p. 114.
1590:
1578:
1576:, p. 113.
1566:
1554:
1537:
1535:, p. 155.
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1470:, p. 117.
1457:
1455:, p. 160.
1445:
1433:
1416:
1414:, p. 102.
1404:
1402:, p. 156.
1387:
1385:, p. 109.
1375:
1373:, p. 151.
1363:
1351:
1336:
1334:, p. 108.
1319:
1317:, p. 149.
1302:
1290:
1288:, p. 205.
1278:
1276:, p. 396.
1266:
1251:
1249:, p. 148.
1239:
1227:
1215:
1213:, p. 101.
1200:
1188:
1186:, p. 114.
1176:
1174:, p. 114.
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1109:, p. 116.
1094:
1092:, p. 107.
1082:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1016:
1004:
992:
990:, p. 346.
980:
968:
956:
944:
932:
930:, p. 333.
920:
918:, p. 327.
908:
896:
884:
882:, p. 183.
872:
870:, p. 100.
860:
848:
846:, p. 241.
836:
824:
812:
797:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
762:
759:
731:
728:
711:
708:
694:
691:
656:
655:Cause of death
653:
584:
581:
567:mummy and the
559:
556:
542:
539:
517:
514:
512:
509:
465:
462:
425:
422:
377:
374:
364:
361:
242:
239:
168:
165:
126:Main article:
123:
120:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3952:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:(2003 series)
3866:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Howard Carter
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:Lotus chalice
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Anubis Shrine
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:Artifacts and
3713:
3708:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3275:
3274:New Scientist
3271:
3266:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:(2): 96–108.
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3133:9780195187656
3129:
3125:
3120:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3004:Ikram, Salima
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:(181): 8–14.
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2833:0-87099-156-6
2829:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2677:
2675:9780195187656
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:"Tutankhamun"
2658:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2364:(6): 1142–7.
2363:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2321:McCarthy 2007
2317:
2310:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2285:El Mahdy 1999
2281:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2225:Marchant 2010
2221:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2153:El Mahdy 1999
2149:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2056:, p. 20.
2055:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2032:, p. 22.
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1996:, p. 13.
1995:
1990:
1983:
1982:Marchant 2011
1978:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1933:, p. 12.
1932:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1872:Williams 2005
1868:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1624:, p. 14.
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1443:, p. 14.
1442:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1225:, p. 86.
1224:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1198:, p. 87.
1197:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1133:, p. 83.
1132:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1029:, p. 72.
1028:
1023:
1021:
1014:, p. 64.
1013:
1008:
1001:
996:
989:
984:
977:
972:
965:
960:
954:, p. 52.
953:
948:
941:
936:
929:
924:
917:
912:
905:
900:
893:
888:
881:
876:
869:
864:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
821:
816:
809:
804:
802:
795:, p. 11.
794:
789:
787:
782:
768:
765:
764:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
736:
727:
723:
720:
716:
707:
704:
701:Egyptologist
699:
690:
688:
684:
678:
674:
671:
665:
663:
652:
650:
649:
643:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:two daughters
609:
605:
601:
600:adrenal tumor
595:
590:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
555:
552:
548:
538:
536:
530:
522:
511:Later studies
508:
504:
502:
498:
497:eyes of Horus
493:
491:
490:
484:
482:
478:
477:
473:and a padded
472:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
430:
421:
417:
413:
411:
405:
403:
399:
398:meteoric iron
395:
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107:, making his
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:Howard Carter
82:
78:
70:
69:Howard Carter
67:
63:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
3896:
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3848:
3840:
3812:Alfred Lucas
3797:Harry Burton
3728:
3581:
3564:
3560:
3535:
3531:
3506:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3473:(1): 51–63.
3470:
3466:
3450:. Retrieved
3435:
3417:
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3386:
3374:the original
3367:
3338:
3332:
3297:
3293:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:
3257:. Retrieved
3237:
3233:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3190:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3153:
3149:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3096:
3083:
3079:
3053:. Retrieved
3039:
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3014:
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2963:. Retrieved
2935:
2931:
2917:
2911:
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2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2770:
2751:. Retrieved
2746:
2742:
2726:. Retrieved
2711:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2665:
2649:. Retrieved
2634:
2621:. Retrieved
2615:
2602:. Retrieved
2590:11568/794614
2564:
2560:
2543:. Retrieved
2528:
2515:. Retrieved
2509:
2496:. Retrieved
2491:
2475:. Retrieved
2470:
2454:. Retrieved
2449:
2433:. Retrieved
2427:
2414:. Retrieved
2399:
2385:15 September
2383:. Retrieved
2361:
2357:
2342:Bibliography
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2191:, p. 8.
2184:
2179:, p. 9.
2172:
2165:Doherty 2002
2160:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2061:
2049:
2044:, p. 6.
2037:
2030:Johnson 2015
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1960:, p. 7.
1945:, p. 5.
1938:
1926:
1921:, p. 4.
1914:
1879:
1852:
1840:
1833:Gabolde 2016
1828:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1673:
1646:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1518:, p. 9.
1511:
1506:, p. 8.
1499:
1487:
1475:
1448:
1436:
1407:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1349:, p. 6.
1293:
1281:
1269:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1191:
1179:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1119:Carter 1925b
1114:
1085:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
923:
911:
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
827:
815:
752:
745:
741:
724:
721:
717:
713:
700:
696:
679:
675:
666:
661:
658:
646:
644:
640:
634:. Inherited
616:gynecomastia
596:
592:
561:
544:
541:2005 CT scan
531:
527:
505:
494:
487:
485:
474:
467:
458:
454:Ankhesenamun
452:'s daughter
439:
418:
414:
406:
401:
390:
386:paraffin wax
379:
354:
351:
308:
304:
298:
291:
284:lapis lazuli
279:broad collar
272:
261:
253:
235:
230:Pierre Lacau
226:
214:
191:
134:18th Dynasty
131:
113:
101:18th Dynasty
76:
75:
18:
3935:Tutankhamun
3897:Tutankhamun
3883:(2006 film)
3859:(1998 film)
3851:(1980 film)
3822:Arthur Mace
3764:Exhibitions
3717:exhibitions
3658:Tutankhamun
3492:17 December
3160:17 December
3113:16 December
3086:(2): 10–21.
3055:15 December
2105:Carter 1927
2006:Gamble 2010
1789:Carter 1927
1765:Carter 1927
1753:Carter 1927
1741:Carter 1927
1729:Carter 1927
1717:Carter 1927
1705:Carter 1927
1693:Carter 1927
1678:Carter 1927
1666:Carter 1927
1651:Carter 1927
1639:Carter 1927
1598:Carter 1927
1586:Carter 1927
1574:Carter 1927
1562:Carter 1926
1468:Reeves 1990
1412:Carter 1927
1383:Carter 1927
1332:Carter 1927
1262:Carter 1927
1235:Carter 1927
1223:Carter 1927
1211:Carter 1927
1196:Carter 1927
1172:Reeves 1990
1155:Carter 1927
1143:Reeves 1990
1131:Carter 1927
1107:Reeves 1990
1090:Carter 1927
1078:Carter 1927
1063:Carter 1925
1051:Carter 1927
1039:Carter 1927
1027:Carter 1927
1012:Carter 1927
964:Carter 1927
952:Carter 1927
940:Carter 1925
904:Carter 1927
892:Carter 1927
868:Reeves 1990
844:Carter 1927
726:completed.
558:DNA testing
547:Zahi Hawass
535:Serological
516:1968 X-rays
331:Qebehsenuef
138:New Kingdom
128:Tutankhamun
97:Tutankhamun
3924:Categories
3865:Tutenstein
3567:(6): 2–21.
3532:The Lancet
3446:0500278105
3156:(2): 14–24
2996:1078493215
2920:: 159–174.
2908:Hawass, Z.
2749:(1): 51–56
2395:Brier, Bob
2333:Ikram 2022
2309:Ikram 2021
2261:Ikram 2013
2249:Ikram 2013
2117:Brier 1998
2054:Ikram 2022
1821:Ikram 2022
1610:Derry 1927
1533:Derry 1927
1492:Derry 1927
1441:Ikram 2022
1400:Derry 1927
1371:Derry 1927
1359:Derry 1927
1315:Derry 1927
1298:Derry 1927
1286:Ikram 2021
1274:James 2000
1247:Derry 1927
1184:Kawai 2023
1000:James 2000
988:James 2000
976:James 2000
928:James 2000
916:James 2000
856:James 2001
793:Ikram 2022
773:References
687:homozygous
551:CT scanned
446:KV55 mummy
376:Unwrapping
325:, Osiris,
116:death mask
81:discovered
3782:Discovery
3065:cite book
3021:: 291–301
2952:0098-7484
2863:162450016
2843:Antiquity
2776:31 August
2753:22 August
2604:8 October
2498:22 August
2477:18 August
2456:18 August
2435:26 August
1622:Leek 1972
1504:Leek 1972
1480:Leek 1972
1429:Leek 1972
1347:Leek 1972
808:Mace 1975
778:Citations
450:Akhenaten
288:carnelian
265:gold mask
218:quartzite
161:genealogy
149:Akhenaten
3759:Chariots
3749:Trumpets
3523:20571010
3487:24616928
3403:5 August
3355:20159878
3324:21525906
3259:5 August
3228:(1975).
3207:5 August
3094:(2000).
3006:(2013).
2965:2 August
2960:20159872
2807:20571009
2728:5 August
2651:5 August
2599:36279444
2545:5 August
2416:5 August
2397:(1998).
2380:12812942
761:See also
618:such as
335:Duamutef
256:unguents
155:back to
39:Location
3833:culture
3831:Popular
3620:at the
3552:4118642
3452:18 July
3302:Bibcode
3254:3258745
2900:4206015
2892:4898924
2681:29 July
2569:Bibcode
2371:8149017
573:malaria
356:in situ
222:granite
220:with a
157:Memphis
136:of the
103:of the
91:in the
3665:Family
3588:
3550:
3521:
3485:
3443:
3394:
3353:
3322:
3294:Nature
3279:2 July
3252:
3198:
3177:
3130:
3104:
3046:
2994:
2984:
2958:
2950:
2898:
2890:
2872:Nature
2861:
2830:
2805:
2719:
2698:
2672:
2642:
2623:14 May
2597:
2536:
2517:14 May
2407:
2378:
2368:
583:Health
471:fillet
442:natron
333:, and
323:Anubis
269:Osiris
153:Amarna
3873:Egypt
3729:Mummy
3250:JSTOR
3146:(PDF)
3025:8 May
3011:(PDF)
2896:S2CID
2859:S2CID
2767:(PDF)
2595:S2CID
2354:(PDF)
748:Luxor
343:tyets
339:djeds
301:Bennu
274:nemes
109:mummy
3774:Tomb
3724:Mask
3586:ISBN
3548:PMID
3519:PMID
3503:JAMA
3494:2022
3483:PMID
3467:HOMO
3454:2022
3441:ISBN
3414:JAMA
3405:2022
3392:ISBN
3351:PMID
3334:JAMA
3320:PMID
3281:2021
3261:2022
3209:2022
3196:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3162:2022
3128:ISBN
3115:2022
3102:ISBN
3071:link
3057:2022
3044:ISBN
3027:2020
3019:XXVI
2992:OCLC
2982:ISBN
2967:2022
2956:PMID
2948:ISSN
2932:JAMA
2888:PMID
2828:ISBN
2803:PMID
2787:JAMA
2778:2022
2755:2022
2730:2022
2717:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2683:2023
2670:ISBN
2653:2022
2640:ISBN
2625:2022
2606:2022
2547:2022
2534:ISBN
2519:2022
2500:2022
2479:2022
2458:2022
2437:2022
2418:2022
2405:ISBN
2387:2019
2376:PMID
565:KV55
501:Maat
476:khat
434:Aten
382:KV15
327:Hapi
317:and
202:KV58
187:KV62
175:and
89:KV62
79:was
44:KV62
3889:Tut
3565:207
3540:doi
3536:301
3511:doi
3507:303
3475:doi
3422:doi
3418:244
3343:doi
3339:303
3310:doi
3298:472
3242:doi
2940:doi
2936:303
2880:doi
2876:224
2851:doi
2795:doi
2791:303
2771:HAL
2743:KMT
2585:hdl
2577:doi
2366:PMC
630:or
489:was
319:Geb
315:Nut
3926::
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